高中语法：被动语态

高中语法：被动语态 英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如： Many people speak English．（主动语态） English is spoken by many people．（被动语态） 1．被动语态的构成 被动语态的结构形式 1. 基本结构: A. 结构:  “ be +              ” 2. 时态 1. The room                (clean) every day. 2. A new shop              (build) last year. 3. My bike              (repair) by Tom now. 4. He said that the man                      (operate) at this time. 5. This book                      (translate into) many languages. 6. When I got to the theater, I found the tickets               .(already sell out) 7. Many more trees            (plant) next year. 归纳：   一般式 进行式 完成式 现在 am/are/is done     过去       将来   / /         2．主动语态改被动语态的方法 1）将主动语态改为被动语态应注意以下三个方面：①将主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语；②将主动语态的谓语动词改为“be＋过去分词”结构；③将主动语态的主语改为介词by之后的宾语，放在谓语动词之后（有时可省略）。 2）含直接宾语和间接宾语的主动语态改为被动语态时有两种情况：①把间接宾语改为被动语态的主语，直接宾语仍保留原位；②把直接宾语改为主动语态的主语，此时，间接宾语前要加介词to或 for。如： He gave the boy an apple．→The boy was given an apple．（或An apple was given to the boy．） Her father bought her a present．→She was bought a present by her father．（或A present was bought for her by her father．） 3）不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的主动语态，改为被动语态时不定式前要加to。如： They watched the children sing that morning．→The children were watched to sing that morning． 含有宾语从句的主动结构变为被动结构时，通常用it作为被动结构的先行主语，从句放在句子后面；也可采用另一种形式。可以这样转换为被动结构的动词有know，say，believe，find，think，report等。如： People believe that he is ill．→It is believed that he is ill．（或：He is believed to be ill．） It was reported that the scientists were searching for new ways to solve the problems.据报道科学家正在寻求解决这些问题的新途径。 常见的句型结构如下：It is （was）agreed（believed/decided/hoped/thought......）that......大家同意（相信、决定、希望、认为）...... It is（was） well known that......众所周知 It is（was ）taken for granted that......被视为当然 It must be remembered that......务必记住...... It mustn’t be forgotten that......千万别忘记...... It is（was） said（reported，heard，told，suggested）that......据说（报道、听说、告知、建议...... 3．不能用于被动语态的情况 某些及物动词可作不及物动词用，特别是后加副词（如well， easily等）时。主动语态有被动含义，这类动词常见的有sell，write， wear，wash，cook，open，close，lock，read，record等。如： His new novel is selling well．他的新小说很畅销。The cloth washes well．这布很耐洗。 This material won't wear．这种材料不耐穿。His play won't act．他的戏剧不会上演。 The window won't shut．这窗关不上。The door won't open．这门打不开。 The door won't lock．这门锁不上。This poem reads well．这首诗读来很好。 4．某些动名词的主动形式表被动含义 1）在need，want，require，deserve和bear等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动含义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。如： The house needs repairing（to be repaired）．这房子需要修理。 My clothes need washing（to be washed）．我的衣服需要洗了。 2）形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式；而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。如： The picture-book is well worth reading．（＝The picture-book is very worthy to be read．）这本画册很值得一读。 Such a man as Mr．Smith is not worth helping．（＝Such a man as Mr．Smith is not worthy to be helped．）像史密斯先生那样的人不值得帮助。 This plan is not worth considering．（＝This plan is not worthy to be considered．）这个 计划 项目进度计划表范例计划下载计划下载计划下载课程教学计划下载 不值得考虑。 被动语态专项练习一 一、选择题 (  ) 1. _____ a new library _____ in our school last year? A. Is; built          B. Was; built        C. Does; build        D. Did; build (  ) 2. An accident ____ on this road last week. A. has been happened    B. was happened        C. is happened        D. happened (  ) 3. Cotton ____ in the southeast of China. A. is grown            B. are grown        C. grows            D. grow (  ) 4. So far, the moon ____ by man already. A. is visited          B. will be visited        C. has been visited    D. was visited (  ) 5.A talk on Chinese history _____ in the school hall next week. A. is given            B. has been given    C. will be given        D. gives (  ) 6. How many trees ____ this year? A. are planted        B. will plant            C. have been planted    D. planted (  ) 7. A lot of things ____ by people to save the little girl now. A. are doing                            B. are being done    C. has been done                      D. will be done (  ) 8. Neither of them ______ in China. A. is made            B. are made            C. were made        D. made (  ) 9. The doctor _____ for yet. A .isn't sent          B. hasn't been sent    C. won't be sent        D. wasn't sent (  ) 10.--When ___ this kind of computers______?  --Last year. A. did; use            B. as; used            C. is; used            D. are; used (  ) 11. The Great Wall ____ all over the world. A. knows            B. knew            C. is known            D. was known (  ) 12. I ____ in summer. A. born              B. was born            C. have been born    D. am born (  ) 13. He says that Mr. Zhang _____ to the factory next week. A. is sent            B. would send        C. was sent            D. will be sent (  ) 14. The monkey was seen _____ off the tree. A. jump            B. jumps            C. jumped            D. to jump (  ) 15.The school bag ___ behind the chair. A. puts              B. can be put        C. can be putted        D. can put 二、 将下列句子变为被动语态，每空一词。 1. We can finish the work in two days.            The work _____ _____ _____ in two days. 2. They produce silk in Suzhou.                Silk ____  ______ in Suzhou. 3. The children will sing an English song.        An English song ____  ____  ___ by the children. 4. You needn't do it now. It ____  _____  _____ by you now. 5. People use metal for making machines. Metal ____  ____ for making machines. 6. He made me do that for him. I ____ ____ ____  ____ that for him. 7. Did they build a bridge here a year ago? ____ a bridge ____ here by them a year ago? 8. We'll put on an English play in our school. An English play ____ ____ _____ on in our school. 9. My brother often mends his watch. His watch ____ ____ ____ by my brother. 10. We must water the flowers every day. The flowers must ___ ___ (by us) every day. 11. They use knives for cutting things. Knives ___ ___ for cutting things. 12. Did he break the window yesterday? ____ the window ___  ____  ___  yesterday? 13. They have sold out the light green dresses. The light green dresses ____  _____  ____ out. 14. We clean the classroom every day. The classroom ____  ____ every day. 三、 用动词的正确语态填空。 1. The students _____ often _____(tell) to take care of their desks and chairs. 2. That play ________(put) on again sometime next month. 3. The old man is ill. He ______ (must send) to the hospital. 4. Vegetables, eggs and fruits_________ (sell) in this shop. 5. What ___ a knife ______ (make) of?  6. A Piano concert _____________(give) here last Friday. 7. ______ the magazine ____(can take) out of the library? 8. The room _____________ (clean) by me every day. 9. The stars _____________ (can see) in the daytime. 10. Some flowers __________ (water) by Li Ming already. 11. These kinds of machines __________ (make) in Japan. 12. Russian ____________ (learn) as the second language by some students in China. 13. The cinema ___________ (build) in 1985. 14. The bike ______________ (must not put) here. 15. A beautiful horse ___________ (draw) by John next day. 16. This kind of machine ___________ (can made) by uncle Wang. 17. The PLA ____________ (found) on August 1st, 1927. 18. By the time he was ten, the boy ________ (learn) English and French. 19. ______ you ____ (see) the film yet? Yes, I _______ (see) it last week. 20. Uncle Wang ____________ (live) here since 1980 21. Listen! Someone  _________ (sing). 22. Tom ________ (not have) breakfast yesterday morning. 句型11：被动语态1 1.世界上许多国家都讲英语。 ______________________________________________ 2.我们这所学校是十年前建的。 ______________________________________________ 3.昨天开了一次会。几位老师由于工作努力受到表扬。 ______________________________________________ 4.我们学校禁止使用手机。 ______________________________________________ 句型12：被动语态2 1.这个实验将在两周内完成。 ______________________________________________ 2.会议将在下周一九点举行。 ______________________________________________ 3.北京将要种植更多树修建更多公路。 ______________________________________________ 句型13：被动语态3 1.我的自行车正在被修。 ______________________________________________ 2.你打电话时，客人正被领着参观我们学校。 ______________________________________________ 3.这些问题正被一些专家讨论着。 ______________________________________________ 句型14：被动语态4 1.所有脏衣服都已经洗过了。 ______________________________________________ 2.那位官员说，空气和水都被污染了。 _____________________________________________ 3.长江上已经修了很多桥。 _____________________________________________ 4.我们的寝室还没打扫过。 _____________________________________________ 句型15：被动语态5 1.这把锁可以立刻修好。 _____________________________________________ 2.必须采取措施来制止河流污染。 _____________________________________________ Answers: 一、选择题 1-5     B DCCC  6-10 CBABC  11-15 CBDD B 二、填空： 1.can be finished    2. is produced    3. will be sung    4. needn’t be done  5. is used  6. was made to do  7. was built      8. will be put    9. is often mended      10. be watered  11. are used  12. was…broken by him      13. have been…sold    14. is cleaned 三、填空： 1. are; told  2. will be put  3. must be sent    4. are sold    5. is; made of  6. was given  7. can; be taken  8. is cleaned  9. can be seen  10. have been watered  11. are made  12.is learnt    13.was  built    14. must not be put  15. will be drawn  16. can be made  17. was founded  18. had learnt  19. Have; seen  saw  20. has lived  21. is singing  22. didn’t have