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2012同等学力人员申请硕士学位英语模拟2(考卷附答案)

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2012同等学力人员申请硕士学位英语模拟2(考卷附答案)2012同等学力人员申请硕士学位英语模拟2(考卷附答案) 模拟试卷二 Paper One 试卷一 (90 minutes) Part ? Dialogue Communication (10 minutes, 10 points, 1 for each) Section A Dialogue Completion Directions: In this section, you will read 5 short incomplete dialogues between two speakers, ea...

2012同等学力人员申请硕士学位英语模拟2(考卷附答案)
2012同等学力人员申请硕士学位英语模拟2(考卷附 答案 八年级地理上册填图题岩土工程勘察试题省略号的作用及举例应急救援安全知识车间5s试题及答案 ) 模拟试卷二 Paper One 试卷一 (90 minutes) Part ? Dialogue Communication (10 minutes, 10 points, 1 for each) Section A Dialogue Completion Directions: In this section, you will read 5 short incomplete dialogues between two speakers, each followed by 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the answer that best suits the situation to complete the dialogue by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET. 1. A: You can take it. It's not occupied. B: ______ A. I've got a seat over there already, but thanks anyway. B. Take it? I've already got one! C. That's very hospitable for you to offer me the seat. D. No, thank you. 2. A: The bus is so crowded, jammed like sardines. B: ______ A. So be it! B. You said it! C. So you say! D. Not bad! 3. A: Look, I'm sorry to bother you about this, but this wall between our rooms is not very soundproof and I'm doing my revison for the final exam. B: ______ A. OK. I don't mind. B. Just a moment, I'll close the door. C. All right. How about change another room? D. Sorry, I'll turn the music down. 4. A: I can't understand why Mary hasn't shown up yet. We agreed to meet at 10, and it's already 10:30. B: ______ A. Sorry, she is half an hour late. B. Sure, I am losing my temper. C. Well, she might just get stuck in heavy traffic. D. Well, the road is busy, that's why she's late. 5. A: ______ B: I'm having a rough time communicating with other students now that I don't speak the native language well. A. How are the natives? B. How are you doing in the new school? C. How are your classmates? D. How is your language learning scheme? Section B Dialogue Comprehension Directions: In this section, you will read 5 short conversations between a man and a woman. At the end of each conversation, there is a question followed by 4 choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answer to the question from the 4 choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET. 6. Man: The problem is that I don't get paid until tomorrow, but I must register for Dr. Martin's class. Could you hold a place for me until then? Woman: You know that without full payment we are not allowed to reserve spaces in a class. Question: What does the woman mean? A. The man has to wait and take his chances. B. The man must pay now or he won't have a chance to get registered in the class. C. She could help the man the way he wished. D. Spaces can be reserved if partial payment is made. 7. Woman: I haven't seen John for some time now. Man: He had an accident. I told him not to drive on like that. Question: What does the man think of John's driving? A. John always drives recklessly. B. John always drives cautiously. C. John always drives carefully. D. John always drives after excessive drinking. 8. Man: Mary, Your English exam is only a week ahead, and you're still playing computer games! Woman: So what? Question: What does the woman mean? A. She doesn't care about the exam. B. She has no idea about what to do next. C. She isn't adequately prepared for the exam. D. She will sit up for the exam tonight. 9. Man: Not every woman could do the thing like her. She is extraordinary. Woman: Yeah, she is. But I'll have my moments. Question: What does the woman mean? A. She thinks she is better than the lady the man is talking about. B. She thinks she will be successful someday. C. She thinks she is more attractive than the lady the man is talking about. D. She thinks she has her own speciality. 10. Man: Would you do me a favor by sitting next to Jane? Woman: Oh, I don't want the concert to be spoiled by her incessant long talk. Question: What does the woman's response mean? A. She will sit next to Jane. B. She won't sit next to Jane. C. She can enjoy the concert with Jane. D. She can enjoy the concert with the man. Part ? Vocabulary (10 minutes, 10 points, 0.5 for each) Section A Directions: In this section, there are 10 sentences with one word or phrase underlined. Choose one from the 4 choices marked A, B, C, and D that best keeps the meaning of the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET. 11. Many farms in the southern United States yield hay and tobacco. A. store B. fertilize C. sow D. produce 12. A new water boiler was installed in our building last week, which could provide hot water to the students. A. inspected carefully B. placed in service C. undertaken with care D. undone casually 13. There isn't sound proof to support his biological theory. A. financing B. publications C. evidence D. appreciation 14. The representative of the committee was asked to verify his earlier statement. A. confirm B. withdraw C. repeat D. modify 15. Unless the population growth stabilizes, environmentalists predict a worldwide starvation by the next decade. A. famine B. shortage C. rebellion D. infection 16. Wives tend to believe that their husbands are infinitely resourceful and versatile. A. diligent B. capable C. clever D. perfect 17. A long journey in cold weather is dreadfully tiring. A. unfortunately B. terribly C. noticeably D. predictably 18. Vast amounts of money are being invested in the local market. A. Enormous B. Constant C. Unknown D. Sufficient 19. He merely meant to give his opinion, not to start an argument. A. simply B. sincerely C. actually D. definitely 20. Only her friends knew she had a (n) fatal illness, and her family was not informed. A. strange B. deadly C. serious D. benign Section B Directions: There are 10 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET. 21. She always handles the problems ______ her own experience and principles. A. in the light of B. in the event of C. in the face of D. in the course of 22. All parts of this sewing machine are ______ so that it is very simple to get replacements for them. A. maximized B. minimized C. optimized D. standardized 23. At a press conference after the award ceremony, the 18-year-old girl spoke in a barely ______ voice. A. audible B. optional C. legible D. identical 24. Why does a vegetarian restaurant make its dishes resemble meat in every way except ______? A. ingredients B. elements C. components D. compounds 25. He became ______ with the girl reporter who questioned him at the press conference. A. observed B. obsessed C. notified D. troubled 26. Though they disagreed on details, they were in ______ agreement over the plan. A. substantial B. steady C. stable D. sticky 27. The hole was so large that water poured in much faster than it could be ______ out. A. dumped B. jumped C. lumped D. pumped 28. Your exam results ______ my expectations, and you have to work harder. A. fall on B. fall back C. fall though D. fall short of 29. According to a prominent philosopher, intolerance is a ______ to understanding. A. barrier B. improvement C. foundation D. approach 30. The government will try to ______ for those who were exposed to radiation. A. compete B. compensate C. complain D. compose Part ? Reading Comprehension (45 minutes, 25 points, 1 for each) Directions: There are 5 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them, there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET. Passage One The current emergency in Mexico City that has taken over our lives is nothing I could ever have imagined for me or my children. We are living in an environmental crisis, an air-pollution emergency of unprecedented severity. What it really means is that just to breathe here is to play a dangerous game with your health. As parents, what terrorizes us most are reports that children are at higher risk because they breathe more times per minute. What more can we do to protect them and ourselves? Our pediatrician's (儿科医师的) medical recommendation was simple: abandon the city permanently. We are foreigners and we are among the small minority that can afford to leave. We are here because of my husband's work. We are fascinated by Mexico--its history and rich culture. We know that for us, this is a temporary danger. However, we cannot stand for much longer the fear we feel for our boys. We cannot stop them from breathing. But for millions, there is no choice. Their lives, their jobs, their futures depend on being here. Thousands of Mexicans arrive each day in this city, desperate for economic opportunities. Thousands more are born here each day. Entire families work in the streets and practically live there. It is a familiar sight: as parents hawk goods at stoplights, their children play in the grassy highway dividers, breathing exhaust fumes. I feel guilty complaining about my personal situation; we won't be here long enough for our children to form the impression that skies are colored only gray. And yet the government cannot do what it must to end this problem. For any country, especially a developing Third World economy like Mexico's, the idea of barring from the capital city enough cars, closing enough factories and spending the necessary billions on public transportation is simply not an option. So when things get bad, as in the current emergency, Mexico takes half measures--prohibiting some more cars from circulating, stopping some factories from producing--that even its own officials concede aren't adequate. The word "emergency" implies the unusual. But when daffy life itself is an emergency, the concept loses its meaning. It is human nature to try to adapt to that which we cannot change, or to mislead ourselves into believing we can adapt. 31. According to the passage, the current emergency in Mexico City refers to ______ A. serious air-pollution B. economic crisis C. unemployment D. natural disaster 32. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE according to the passage? A. Kids are in greater danger than grown-ups in Mexico City. B. The author is not a native Mexican. C. The author's husband is a pediatrician. D. The Mexican history and culture appeal to the author. 33. The word "hawk" (Para.4) most probably means______ A. sell B. transport C. place D. deliver 34. The Mexican government takes half measures to solve the pollution problem because______ A. Mexican economy depends very much on cars and factories B. it is not wise enough to come up with effective measures C. Mexicans are able to adapt themselves to the current emergency D. Mexicans enjoy playing dangerous games with their health 35. The purpose of the passage is to ______ A. describe the harmful air-pollution B. explain the way to prevent air-pollution C. show the worries about the air-pollution D. recommend a method to avoid air-pollution Passage Two It is reported that alcohol abuse on college campuses is on the rise. But alcohol abuse is only one symptom of a larger campus crisis. There is a growth in racism, sexism, assault, attempted suicide, theft, property damage and most disappointing of all, cheating on exams. A generation has come to college quite fragile, not very secure about who it is, fearful of its lack of identity and without confidence in its future. Many students are ashamed of themselves and afraid of relationships. It is happening because the generation now entering college has experienced few authentic connections with adults in its lifetime. I call this the "Culture of Neglect", and we--parents, teachers, professors and administrators--are the primary architects. It begins at home, where social and economic factors result in less family time for adults. Most children and teenagers are being reared without mothers' being around, with television as their only supervisor, and there is little expectation that they learn personal responsibility. Immersed in themselves, they are left to their peers. We have failed to model a culture of responsibility. We have created a culture characterized by marriage failures, mass schooling that demands only minimal effort and media idols subliminally (下意识的)teaching disrespect for authority and wisdom. When the children do wrong, it is not their fault. On the contrary, it's our fault. It seems that the children are always owned something by the busy parents and by the overworked teachers. The children take it for granted that we should take responsibility for their acts. How could college students reared in the culture of neglect have any notion of obligation and responsibility? A nation of individuals who can't read or write well, with no sense of major human questions, who can't think critically or show interest in learning and who are unable to act responsibility will be ill equipped to compete in any new world order. A generation of neglect will shape our future. Let's wait and see. 36. Which of the following is not included in the campus crisis? A. Alcohol abuse. B. Cheating on exams. C. Racial discrimination. D. Lack of financial support. 37. What does "Immersed in themselves, they are left to their peers" mean in Paragraph 4? A. Without parents' guidance, children look at what their peers do and follow them. B. Children are left to themselves and do what they like to do. C. No one takes care of the children, so they seek their peers' help. D. Children are immersed in deep water, only their peers can help them out. 38. The main reasons that can account for the "culture of neglect" are the following EXCEPT ______ A. social and economic factors result in less family time for adults B. women do not quit their jobs and take care of their children as they used to do C. there are so many disrupted families D. media idols intentionally disrespect authority and wisdom 39. According to the passage, which of the statements is true? A. Our children don't need to be responsible for their behavior. B. We fail to teach the generation what responsibility and obligation is. C. No parents expect their children learn personal responsibility. D. The generation now entering the college has established close connections with adults. 40. The tone of the passage is ______ A. optimistic B. pessimistic C. cheerful D. indifferent Passage Three Conventional wisdom about conflict seems pretty much cut and dried. Too little conflict breeds apathy (冷淡) and stagnation (呆滞). Too much conflict leads to divisiveness (分裂) and hostility. Moderate levels of conflict, however, can spark creativity and motivate people in a healthy and competitive way. Recent research by Professor Charles R. Schwenk, however, suggests that the optimal level of conflict may be more complex to determine than these simple generalizations. He studied perceptions of conflict among a sample of executives. Some of the executives worked for profit-seeking organizations and others for not-for-profit organizations. Somewhat surprisingly, Schwenk found that opinions about conflict varied systematically as a function of the type of organization. Specifically, managers in not-for-profit organizations strongly believed that conflict was beneficial to their organizations and that it promoted higher quality decision making than might be achieved in the absence of conflict. Managers of for-profit organizations saw a different picture. They believed that conflict generally was damaging and usually led to poor-quality decision making in their organizations. Schwenk interpreted these results in terms of the criteria for effective decision making suggested by the executives. In the profit-seeking organizations, decision-making effectiveness was most often assessed in financial terms. The executives believed that consensus rather than conflict enhanced financial indicators. In the not-for-profit organizations, decision-making effectiveness was defined from the perspective of satisfying constituents. Given the complexities and ambiguities associated with satisfying many diverse constituents executives perceived that conflict led to more considered and acceptable decisions. 41. In the eyes of the author, conventional opinion on conflict is ______. A. wrong B. oversimplified C. misleading D. unclear 42. Professor Charles R. Schwenk's research shows ______ A. the advantages and disadvantages of conflict B. the real value of conflict C. the difficulty in determining the definition of conflict D. the complexity of defining the roles of conflict 43. We can learn from Schwenk's research that ______ A. a person's view of conflict is influenced by the purpose of his organization B. conflict is necessary for managers of for-profit organizations C. different people resolve conflicts in different ways D. it is impossible for people to avoid conflict 44. The passage suggests that in for-profit organizations ______ A. there is no end of conflict B. expression of different opinions is encouraged C. decisions must be justifiable D. success lies in general agreement 45. People working in a not-for-profit organization ______ A. seem to be difficult to satisfy B. are free to express diverse opinions C. are less effective in making decisions D. find it easier to reach agreement Passage Four We sometimes think humans are uniquely vulnerable to anxiety, but stress seems to affect the immune defenses of lower animals too. In one experiment, for example, behavioral immunologist (免疫学家) Mark Laudenslager, at the University of Denver, gave mild electric shocks to 24 rats. Half the animals could switch off the current by turning a wheel in their enclosure, while the other half could not. The rats in the two groups were paired so that each time one rat turned the wheel it protected both itself and its helpless Partner from the shock. Laudenslager found that the immune response was depressed below normal in the helpless rats but not in those that could turn off the electricity. What he has demonstrated, he believes, is that lack of control over an event, not the experience itself, is what wakens the immune system. Other researchers agree. Jay Weiss, a psychologist at Duke University School of Medicine, has shown that animals who are allowed to control unpleasant stimuli don't develop sleep disturbances or changes in brain chemistry typical of stressed rats. But if the animals are conditioned to confront with situations they have no control over, they later behave passively even when faced with experiences they can control. Such findings reinforce psychologists' suspicions that the experience or perception of helplessness, is one of the most harmful factors in depression. One of the most startling examples of how the mind can alter the immune response was discovered by chance. In 1975 psychologist Robert Ader at the University of Rochester School of Medicine conditioned (便形成条件反 射) mice to avoid saccharin (糖精) by simultaneously feeding them the sweetener and injecting them with a drug that while suppressing their immune systems caused stomach upsets. Associating the saccharin with the stomach pains, the mice quickly learned to avoid the sweetener. In order to extinguish this dislike for the sweetener, Ader reexposed the animals to saccharin, this time without the drug, and was astonished to find that those mice that had received the highest amounts of sweetener during their earlier conditioning died. He could only speculate that he had so successfully conditioned the rats that saccharin alone now served to weaken their immune systems enough to kill them. 46. Laudenslager's experiment showed that the immune system of those rats who could turn off the electricity ______ A. was altered B. was strengthened C. was weakened D. was not affected 47. According to the passage, the experience of helplessness causes rats to ______ A. turn off the electricity B. try to control unpleasant stimuli C. become abnormally suspicious D. behave passively in controllable situations 48. The reason why the mice in Ader's experiment avoided saccharin was that ______ A. they associated it with stomachach B. it affected their immune systems C. it led to stomach pains D. they disliked its taste 49. The passage tells us that the most probable reason for the death of the mice in Ader's experiment was that ______ A. the sweetener was poisonous to them B. their immune systems had been altered by the mind C. they had been weakened physically by the saccharin D. they had taken too much sweetener during earlier conditioning 50. It can be concluded from the passage that the immune systems of animals ______ A. can be altered by electric shocks B. can be weakened by conditioning C. can be suppressed by drug injections D. can be affected by frequent doses of saccharin Passage Five The Vikings have left many traces of their settlement which are still visible today. Archaeology provides physical evidence of their conquests, settlement and daily life. The study of place names and language shows the lasting effect which the Viking settlements had in the British Isles, and DNA analysis provides some insights into the effect the Vikings had on the genetic stock of the countries where they settled. All of this provides valuable information, but the only reason that we have an idea of the "Vikings" as a people is their appearance in the written sources. Unfortunately, the value of the written evidence is limited. Not a lot of evidence survives, and much of what we have is either uninformative or unreliable. Many popular ideas about Vikings are nineteenth-century inventions. Others are the result of early historians accepting sources which modern scholars now regard as completely unreliable. In Scandinavia the Viking Age is regarded as part of prehistory because there are practically no contemporary written sources. Even in western Europe, the Viking Age is often seen as part of the "Dark Ages", from which comparatively few historical records have survived. Surviving accounts of Viking activity were almost exclusively written by clergymen (神职人员). These monastic chronicles (编年史) outline broadly what happened, at what date. There are also sources of a more directly religious nature, such as the much-quoted letters of Alcuin, and Wulfstan's famous "Sermon of the Wolf ", both of which chose to interpret the Viking raids as God's punishment on the Anglo-Saxons for their sins. Even the chronicles reflect the fact that the Vikings often attacked monasteries for their wealth, which created an obvious bias against them, and the hostile tone of these contemporary accounts has done much to create the popular image of Viking atrocities. However, modern historians have noted that the same sources show Christian rulers behaving equally unpleasantly, but without being condemned on religious grounds. We tend to think of the Vikings as a race of Scandinavian warriors, but the reality is more complex. Raids on the British Isles and the coasts of France and Spain were the work of Vikings from Norway and Denmark. The word Viking means one who lurks in a "vik" or bay, in effect, a pirate. The word "Viking" has come to describe a whole new age in Europe between about 800 and 1150. This is despite the fact that Vikings were not just pirates and warriors but also traders and colonists. But at the start of the Viking Age in the last decade of the 8th century, loot and adventure were the main goals of the Norwegians who raided in Scotland and Ireland and of the Danes who attacked England. Gold and silver treasures accumulated by the great monasteries could be converted into personal wealth and thus power, and captives could be sold as slaves. What better way for the young sons of good families to earn their way and see the world? 51. The author's analysis of the Vikings mainly based on materials from ______. A. limited written sources B. physical archaeological evidence C. report on DAN analysis D. the study of place names and language 52. The reason why the Viking Age is regarded as part of the "Dark Ages" is that ______ A. people at that time were often attacked for their wealth by the Vikings B. living conditions for both the Vikings and the Europeans were terrible C. the contemporary historians are practically in the dark about the Vikings D. Viking Age is a part of prehistory 53. The Vikings atrocious image has been created by ______ A. Anglo Saxons B. Christian rulers C. Alcuin D. churchmen 54. In the author's opinion, the Vikings are more ______ than their any other identities. A. warriors B. pirates C. traders D. colonists 55. At that time, people's attitude toward being a pirate is ______ A. negative B. conflicting C. positive D. controversial Part ? Cloze (15 minutes, 15 points, 1 for each) Directions: In this part, there is a passage with 15 blanks. For each blank, there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer for each blank and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET. Although interior design has existed since the beginning of architecture, its development into a specialized field is really quite recent. Interior designers have become important partly because of the many functions that might be (56) in a single large building. The importance of interior design becomes (57) when we realize how much time we (58) surrounded by four walls. Whenever we need to be indoors, we want our surroundings to be (59) attractive and comfortable as possible. We also expect (60) place to be appropriate to its use. You would be (61) if the inside of your bedroom were suddenly changed to look (62) the inside of a restaurant. And you wouldn't feel (63) in a business office that has the appearance of a school. It soon becomes clear that the interior designer's most important (64) is the function of the particular (65) . For example, a theater with poor sight lines, poor sound-shaping qualities, and (66) few entries and exits will not work for (67) purpose, no matter how beautifully it might be (68) . Nevertheless, it is not easy to make suitable (69) for different kinds of space, lighting and decoration of everything from ceiling to floor. (70) addition, the designer must usually select furniture or design built-in furniture according to the functions that need to be served. 56. A. consisted B. contained C. composed D. comprised 57. A. obscure B. attractive C. appropriate D. evident 58. A. spend B. require C. settle D. retain 59. A. so B. as C. thus D. such 60. A. some B. any C. this D. each 61. A. amused B. interested C. shocked D. frightened 62. A. like B. for C. at D. into 63. A. correct B. proper' C. right D. suitable 64. A. care B. concern C. attention D. intention 65. A. circumstance B. environment C. surroundings D. space 66. A. too B. quite C. a D. far 67. A. their B. its C. those D. that 68. A. painted B. covered C. ornamented D. decorated 69. A. solutions B. conclusions C. decisions D. determinations 70. A. For B. In C. As D. With Part ? Error Detection (10 minutes, 5 points, 0.5 for each) Directions: In this part, there are l0 sentences. Each sentence has 4 underlined words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET. 71. It (soon) became (obviously) that (instead of) (being trained) to sing she would be trained as a dancer. A. soon B. obviously C. instead of D. being trained 72. When television was first (introduced), the extent to (that) it would (affect) society could not (have been foreseen). A. introduced B. that C. affect D. have been foreseen 73. Peter, (together with) his wife and (two sons), (are) to arrive (on the) evening flight. A. together with B. two sons C. are D. on the 74. The United States Department of Labor (enforces) laws that (promote) the welfare of wage earners, (improving) occupational conditions and (advance) employment opportunities. A. enforces B. promote C. improving D. advance 75. (Writing) in a clear and terse style, the book (describes) the (author's) childhood experiences in a small town (just before) the outbreak of the Civil War. A. Writing B. describes C. author's D. just before 76. (To) the (best of) my knowledge, the climate in Arizona is better all (the) (year-round) than (any) other state. A. To B. best of C. year-round D. any 77. (So great) (was) the influence of Thomas Paine (on) his own time that John Adams suggested that the era (was called) "The Age of Paine". A. So great B. was C. on D. was called 78. (In spite of) the ever-increasing exploitation of natural resources, (that) has now reached dangerous proportion, (little) has been done on a (world-wide) scale to slow down or stop this process. A. In spite of B. that C. little D. world-wide 79. On (each) side of the highway (was) hundreds of billboards (advertising) everything from modern motels to roadside stands that sell (fresh fruit) and bedspreads. A. each B. was C. advertising D. fresh fruit 80. (Annoying) at the long check-out lines, the shopper began (to sigh) loudly, tap his (foot), and (glance) at his watch. A. Annoying B. to sigh C. foot D. glance Paper Two 试卷二 (60 minutes) Part ? Translation (30 minutes, 20 points, 10 points for each section) Section A Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET. Discoveries in science and technology are thought by many to come in blinding flashes or as the result of dramatic accidents: Sir Isaac Newton noticed the falling apple in his garden and came forth with the gravitation law. This notion is obviously not true. Sir Alexander Fleming did not, as legend would have it, look at the mold on a piece of cheese and get the idea for penicillin there and then. In fact, he had experimented with antibacterial substances for nine years before he made his discovery. Inventions and innovations almost always come out of laborious trial and error. Innovation, as well as inventions, is like soccer; even the best players miss the goal and have their shots blocked much more frequently than they score. Section B Directions: Translate the following passage into English. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET. 自然界开始了一次新的实验。人类不再只是能适应某一特定的环境,而是获得了能适应任何环境的能 力。他们分散到世界各地,在迁移中不断变化,直到成为在地球上分布最广的物种。人类在身体和文化方 面都适应他们迁入的新环境。居住在赤道附近的人为了在强烈日光下保护自己,渐渐地有了黑色皮肤。迁 移到寒冷地带的人为了利用阳光合成维生素D,渐渐地有了较为白皙的皮肤。住在寒冷而干燥地区的人们 长得矮胖,以便保存热量;住在干燥而炎热地区的人们长得高瘦,以便使热量容易散发。 Part ? Writing (30 minutes, 15 points) Directions: In this part you are to write a composition of no less than 150 words about What Does Pressure Do to U.s.? You should give a balanced view on pressure and write according to the clue given below. Remember to write the composition on the COMPOSITION SHEET. In modem society people are faced with fierce competition, and the pressure has become greater then ever before... (具有挑战性的工作职位: demanding position; 动机: motivation:挑战: challenge; 重要性: significance; 潜能: potential) 模拟试卷二答案与解析 Paper One Part? Dialogue Communication 1(A。对于人物A提供的空座位,人物B回答:“我在那边已经有座位了,但不论如何,谢谢你。” 2(B。You said it的意思是“正是如此,我同意”。So be it的意思是“就那样吧,那就算了”。So you say 的意思是“是你这么说的嘛”(意指实事并非如此)。 3(D。人物A说他的房间和人物B房间之间的墙不太隔音,而他正在复习考试。故答句应选择D项, 意思是“抱歉,我会把音乐的音量调小”。“墙不隔音”与房门没有关系,故不选B项。 4(C。对于Mary为什么迟到,应用推测语气,故选择C项,意思是“她可能被堵车困住了”。 5(B。答句“由于我本地语言讲得还不是很好,所以在我与其他同学沟通的时候有点困难”。可见问 话应选择C项,意思是“你在新学校怎么样?” 6(A。女士说“你知道,不付全款的话,是不能预定班上的名额的。”说明她帮不上男士的忙,故排 除C和D项。而原句只是说“不能预定名额”,并不 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 示“不能报上名”,故排除B项。 7(A。男士说“他(John)出了车祸,我告诫过他不要那样开车。”这表示他认为John开车非常不小心,故选择A项,recklessly意为“鲁莽地,不顾一切地”。B和C项中cautiously和carefully意为“谨慎地”。D项说“John常常酒后驾车”,这在原句中没有体现。 8(A。男士说“Mary,你还有一周就英语考试了,而你还在玩电脑游戏!”女士对答说“那又怎么样呢”,表示她对考试毫不介意,故选择A项。 9(B。女士的意思是“她的确是(非凡的),但我也会有成功的一天”,故选择B项。 10(B。女士说“我可不想音乐会被她(Jane)无休止的唠叨破坏。”这表示她不想和Jane坐在一起,故选择B项。 Part?Vocabulary 11(D。store存储:fertilize施肥;sow播种;produce生产。因为yield在本句中意为“生产、出产”,故选D项。句中hay意为“干草”。 12(B。inspect carefully仔细调查:be placed in service安装投入使用;undertake with care谨慎行事;undo casually随意地解开。因为installed意为“安装”,故选B项。 13(C。financing筹集的资金:publication出版物;evidence证据;appreciation鉴赏、感激,重视。因为proof意为“ 证明 住所证明下载场所使用证明下载诊断证明下载住所证明下载爱问住所证明下载爱问 ,证据”,故选C项。该句中的sound不能理解为“声音”,而是“确凿的、过硬的”之意。 14(A。confirm证实,确定;withdraw收回,撤回:repeat重复;modify修改,修饰。因为verify意为“证实”,故选A项。 15(A。famine饥馑;shortage短缺;rebellion叛逆;infection传染、感染。因为stavation意为“饥饿”,故选A项。 16(C。diligent勤奋的:capable有能力的:clever聪明的:perfect完美的。因为resourceful意为“足智多谋的”,故选C项。 17(B。unfortunately不幸地;terribly可怕地,极度地:noticeably显而易见地:predictably可预言地。因为dreadfully意为“可怕的”,故选B项。 18(A。enormous大量的;constant永恒的;unknown未知的:sufficient足够的。国为vast意为“广袤庞大的”,故选A项。 19(A。simply仅仅,只不过;sincerely真诚地;actually事实上;definitely肯定地。因为 merely意为“只是,仅仅”,故选A项。 20(B。strange奇异的;deadly致命的;serious严重的;benign良性的(肿瘤等)。因为fatal意为“致命的”,故选B项。 21(A。in the light of根据;in the event of在„„情况下;in the face of面临:in the course of在„„过程中。该句中handle意为“处理”;principle意为“原则”。 22(D。maximized最大化的:minimized最小化的;optimized最优化的:standardized标准化的。该句中sewing machine意为“缝纫机”;replacement意为“替换”。因为要便于更换,所以要采用“标准件”,故选D项。 23(A。audible可听见的;optional选择的;legible(文字、印刷等)清除易读的;identical一致的。该句中press conference意为“记者招待会”;award ceremony意为“颁奖仪式”。 24(A。ingredient(食物等的)成分:element因素;component(机器等的)元件、部件: compound(化学等的)合成物。根据题意应该选A项。该句中vegetarian restaurant意为“素食餐馆”:resemble意为“类似”。 25(B。observe观察;obsess在脑海中萦绕;notify通知;trouble麻烦。be/become obsessed with sth(是固定词组,表示对„„梦牵魂绕。 26(A。substantial实质性的;steady稳定的;stable安定坚固的;sticky粘稠的。该句的意思是:虽然他们在细节上有分歧,但对该计划达成了实质性的一致。因此,应选A项。 27(D。dump倾倒 jump跳;lump块,合并;pump用泵抽出。该句中,pour意为“倾入、灌入”。 28(D。fall on适逢,袭击;fall back后退,屈服;fall though失败;fall short of“不足,缺乏;达不到”。根据句意,应选D项。 29(A。barrier障碍:improvement改进;foundation基础;approach方法、接近。该句中 prominent philosopher意为“杰出的,著名的哲学家”。 30(B。compete竞争;compensate补偿:complain抱怨;compose谱曲。句中radiation意为“辐射”。 Part ? Reading Comprehension 31(A。因为本文的主题是空气污染以及受到污染的空气对人体的威胁。 32(C。不选A项,因为文中((((that children are at)higher risk because„(Para.2)对应(Kids are in)greater danger;不选B项,因为文中(We are)foreigners(Para.3)对应not a native:不选D项因为文中We are fascinated by Mexico(Para.3)对应(Mexico)culture appeal to the author。 33(A。hawk的主要词义是“鹰”,但本文却体现了该词的—个次要词义:贩卖、沿街叫卖。 hawk的词义还可以根据其后的宾语goods猜测出来。 34(A。答案依据见第五段。 35(C。作者对空气污染表现了深深的担忧。但作者并没有大费笔墨地描写污染的程度和状况,也没有给出预防或解决空气污染的办法,所以其他三个选项都不对。 36(D。参考文章的第一段。D项的意思为“缺乏经济金融的支持”,本文并没有提及。 37(A。参见文章第四段。 38(D。问题是:导致“忽略的文化”的主要原因不包括哪一个?A项意为“社会因素和经济因素导致了成年人在家的时间的减少”。B项意为“妇女不再像过去一样,辞掉工作照看孩子”,参考第四段第—二句话“社会因素和经济因素导致了成年人在家的时间的减少。大多数孩子和青少年都不是在妈妈的陪伴下长大的”。C项意为“有许多不健全的家庭”,参看文章第五段“我们创造了这样的文化,它的特征是:失败的婚姻、对学生努力要求不够的普通学校教育”。“媒体捧出来的偶像在潜意识里让孩子学会不尊重权威和智慧”虽然也是现代文化现象之一,但与前三项不同,它并不是造成culture of neglect的原因,而是其结果:没人关爱孩子,他们就只有看电视并受到不良影响。 39(B。A项意为“我们的孩子们用不着为自己的行为负责”。C项意为“没有一对父母指望孩子们有责任感”,参见文章第四段倒数第二句话。D项意为“刚刚迈人大学的这一代同成年人有着密切的交往”,参见文章第三段。 40(B。本篇文章作者的语气是悲观的。文章的最后一段:一个国家的国民不善读写,对人类重大的问题毫无见解,不会尖锐地思考,对学术毫无兴趣,不能够承担起责任,这样的国民无力在任何世界新秩序中立足。被忽略的一代将会塑造我们的未来,让我们等着瞧吧!从中看出作者是无助的、失望的。通篇文章都没有提出任何解决办法,只是揭示了大学校园混乱不堪的家庭和社会原因。A、C两项的意思与文章相反。而D项的意思为“漠然,漠不关心的”,本文作者大声疾呼要正视社会弊端,怎么可能漠不关心呢,而文章最后一句话“我们等着瞧吧”,也是出于无法找到解决办法的激愤之语。 41(B。由本文第一句可知,“传统的对于冲突的认识似乎过于单调陈腐(cut and dried)”。由本文第二段第一句“然而Schwenk教授近来的研究表明,冲突的最优化程度比起简单笼统的归类更复杂,因而更不好确定。”(注:这里所说的简单笼统,是指上段提到的:太少的冲突结果是冷漠和呆滞,太多的冲突则导致分裂和敌意,只有适度的冲突才能激发人们的创造性„„)。因此不难得出结论:传统的关于冲突的看法是过于简单了。 42(D。也就是说Schwenk的研究表明,冲突的作用确实很复杂,很不好界定。例如由第三段可知,冲突是有益的(beneficial),而第四段的调查却说明冲突是有破坏性的 (damaging)。所以冲突所起的作用是好、是坏确实难以评定。 43(A。由第三段可知非盈利机构(not-for-profit)坚信冲突对他们的组织是有益处的,而且有助于做出更高质量的决策;由第四段可知,盈利机构(for-profit)的经理们却认为冲突总的说来是具有破坏力的,而且导致做出较低质量的决策,可见一个组织的(盈利或不盈利的)目的(purpose)往往决定其对于冲突的不同看法。 44(D。由第四段最后一句可知,经理们(executives)相信大家 意见 文理分科指导河道管理范围浙江建筑工程概算定额教材专家评审意见党员教师互相批评意见 一致(consensus)而非意见不和(conflict)会提高财经指数(financial indicators)。这与D选项“对于以盈利为目的机构来说,成功在于意见的大致统一(general agreement)”基本一致。 45(B。因为由第三段可知,非盈利机构发现意见冲突大有益处,其结果必然是大家畅所欲言,即,很自由地表达不同意见。 46(D。因为由第一段可知,Landenslager发现那些无助的老鼠(而不是那些可以随时切断电流的老鼠)的免疫反应是低于正常的。换句话说,实验表明能够切断电源的老鼠的免疫力是没受到影响的。 47(D。由第二段可知,如果动物们时常面临他们不能控制的局面,后来,即使在他们能控制局面的实验中,他们的行为也很被动。 48(A。由第三段可知,Robert Ader使老鼠形成了回避糖精的条件反射。他在喂老鼠糖精(致甜剂)的同时,给老鼠注射压抑它们免疫系统并导致肠胃不适的药。这样,老鼠就会将糖精与胃肠不适联系起来,因而回避糖精。 49(B。由最后一段可知,Ader(在条件反射的实验后)又使老鼠接触糖精。这次他虽未给老鼠注射药,可却惊奇地发现,有些老鼠死了。因此可见,是精神(the mind)作用导致了老鼠的死亡。 50(B。由本文可知,导致老鼠免疫力降低的手段是通过实验,使其形成对某事物的条件反射。选项B中的conditioning正是“条件反射”之意。A、C、D三项都过于具体了。 51(A。文章第一段中提到,维京人留下许多遗迹。包括考古学上的实物证据,欧洲地名与语言方面的影响,DNA 分析 定性数据统计分析pdf销售业绩分析模板建筑结构震害分析销售进度分析表京东商城竞争战略分析 结果以及一些文字材料中有关维京人的记载。但作者的分析是基于their appearance in the written sources,即有关维京人的文字记录。因此选A项。 52(C。本题可从“be in the dark”这一词组获取信息。维京时代被称为“黑暗时代”是因为 no contemporary written records(没有有关维京人的当时的书面记录),few historical records have survived(很少有有关维京人的历史资料保存下来)。因此,历史学家也只能认为维京时代是“黑暗的时代”。C项正确。 53(D。文章第三段第一句Surviving accounts of Viking activity were almost exclusively written by churchmen((幸存的有关维京人活动的记载几乎无一例外是由教士们写的。)因此D项正确。 54(B。文章第四、五段中作者赋予了维京人四个身份:武士、海盗、商人和殖民者。只有海盗的身份最能体现维京人的特点。因为第四段中说:“维京人是指潜伏在海湾的人,也就是海盗。”第五段中也有这样的文字“劫掠和冒险是那些袭击苏格兰和爱尔兰的挪威人以及攻击英格兰的丹麦人的主要目标。”因此B项正确。 55(C。文章以一句反问句作结,“对于家境殷实的人家的孩子来说,还有比这更好的谋生和闯世界的方式吗?”反问句实际上表达的是肯定的含义。也就是说人们认为做海盗是一条很好的出路。所以选C项。 Part ? Cloze 56(B。本题考查动词的用法。A项consisted意为“包含,包括”,通常用于词组consist of(((例如:Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen(但此短语不能用于被动语态,因此可排除。B项contained意为“包含,具有”。例如:The can contains milk(罐里装的是牛奶。a list containing twelve items包括12个项目的一览表。文中此句意为:内部装潢已经变得很重要,部分原因是由于单独的一幢大楼内部可能具有多种功用。因此B选项符合句意。 C项composed意为“组成,构成”,常用于被动语态。常用词组是:be composed of(由„„组成)。例如:Water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen(水是由氢和氧化合而成的。此空后面是介词in,因此不能与composed构成合理搭配,应排除。D项comprised意为“包含,包括;由„„组成”通常不用于被动结构。例如:The committee comprises seven persons(委员会由7人组成。此句为被动结构,因此D项也可排除。 57(D。本题考查形容词的词义。A项obscure意为“晦涩的;无名的;隐藏的”,例如:an obscure text难解的文本;an obscure author不知名的作家;an obscure meaning言外之意。B项 attractive意为“有吸引力的,引起兴趣的”。C项appropriate意为“适合的,恰当的”,例如:Plain,simple cloths are appropriate for school wear(简朴的服装适合上学时穿。D项evident意为“明显的,明白的”,例如:evident defeat (disappointment)明显的失败(失望)。此句意为:“当我们意识到要在四面墙中度过多少时光的时候,内部装潢的重要性就很„„。”很显然此处只有D项符合句意。其他三项均不正确。 58(A。本题考查动词的词义和搭配。A项spend意为“花费(金钱或时间)”,正好与前面的time搭配,表示“花费多少时间”。可选。B项require意为“需要;要求;命令”。C项settle意为“安排;料理;安放;使定居:调停”。D项retain意为“保持;保留;留住”。这三项都不可与time搭配,且语意不通,不 可选。 59(B。本题考查固定搭配。此空所在句的后面出现了“„as possible”,很显然只能选B项,构成固定搭配:as(((as possible(尽可能)。而其他三项都不正确。 60(D。本题考查代词的词义和用法。因为此空后面是place(地方)一词,为单数形式。而 A项some在修饰单数名词的时候,指“某一个”。B项any表示“任何一个”。C项this指“这一个”。D项each每一个。根据前文所表示的意思,可知此处并非是说“某处„„”;或“任何地方”;或“这个地方”,而是“每个地方”。因而只能选D项,且符合语意:“每一个地方都各尽其用”。 61(C。本题考查动词的词义。A项amused意为“使感到有趣”。B项interested意为“使„„感兴趣”。C项shocked意为“使„„震惊”。D项frightened意为“吓唬„„,恐吓„„”。此句意为:“如果你的卧室的内部装潢突然变成和饭馆的内部装饰一样的时候,你会感到„„”。很显然,只有C项符合句意。 62(A。本题考查固定短语的搭配和意义。由此空前面出现的look一词为线索,可与四个选项构成搭配:look like看起来像„„;look for寻找„„:look at看„„;look into调查。只有A符合语意逻辑。其他三项均不正确。 63(C。本题考查形容词的词义和搭配。correct正确的。proper适合的;正当的;特有的。 right正确的;顺利的;正常的。suitable合适的;适当的。其中只有C项与feel搭配时构成短语feel right,在口语中表示“健康,没病”,且常用于否定句“not feel right”,表示“感觉不舒服”。其他三项不正确。 ’ 64(B。本题考查名词的词义。A项care意为“小心:担心;留心”。例如:Take care there's no mistake(当心不要弄错。The children have the best of care in new China(在新中国儿童受到无微不至的关怀。B项concern表示“所关切的事;关心,担心”,例如:an important concern要事;show concern for sb.对某人表示关心。C项attention意为“注意;注意力;留心”,例如:pay attention to state affairs关心国家大事;listen with attention 专心听。D项intention意为“意图;打算;意义”,例如:have no intention of staying无意留下,不打算留下。He did it by intention(他故意做了这事。根据上下文及相关的背景知识可知,只有B项符合,为正确答案。 65(D。本题考查名词的意义。circumstance情况;environment环境;surroundings周围情况;space空间。此句意为:“室内装饰设计师最为关心的无疑是特定空间的作用。”因此应选D项。 66(A。本题考查副词的用法。too修饰形容词时,强调数量上不合理或不可接受,常译为“太„„”。此处讲到“一个戏院的出入口太少当然会不合理,”故选A。quite一般不可以直接修饰few,通常构成固定词组quite a few表示“不少”的意思。此处缺少a,所以此项不正确。a与few一起构成短语a(few),表示“若干”。如果说一个戏院有若干出入口,当然是合理的,而不是“will not work”(不合理)。显然不符合句意,可排除。 far通常不与数量形容词连用,也可排除。 67(B。本题考查代词的用法。根据上下文,此空应该填入一个物主代词,并且在“人称”和“数”两方面均要符合语法结构和语意逻辑。只有B符合,因为its指代了前面出现的a theater。其他三项their,those,that都不正确。 68(D。本题考查动词词义。paint油漆;绘画。cover覆盖。ornament和decorate都有“装饰、装潢”的意思,但是两者略有差别:前者指用装饰物装饰而使某物“锦上添花”;而后者用以说明“给一般的或普普通通的东西装饰上美好的东西以使其变得美丽”。因此根据上下文,D项正确。 69(C。本题考查名词的词义及固定搭配。此空前面的分句中有一个词:make,可以和C项 decision构成固定搭配:make decision做出决定。而A项solution通常与reach和find等词连用,而不与make连用,故而可排除。B项conclusions可与draw,reach和come to连用,也不与make连用,因此也不可选。D项determination意为“决心”,不符合句意,也不可选。 70(B。本题考查固定搭配。只有B项可与addition构成固定搭配in addition,表示“此外,再者”。其他三项均不正确。 Part ? Error Detection 71(B。应为obvious。became是系动词,后接表语形容词。 72(B。应为which。本句中to为介词,介词后的关系代词不可以用that替代which。 73(C。应为is。Peter是该句主语,根据主谓一致的原则,谓语应用单数,在类似的句式中,不要被 插入成分(together with his wife and two sons)所迷惑。 74(C。应为improve,与promote、advance并列。 75(A。应为written。书被人写,用过去分词体现被动含义。 76(D。应为(that)in any。括号中的that代替the climate,可以省略,但介词in不能省略,因为如果省 略了in,states就是than的介词宾语,就形成了climate (气候)和state(州)的不合乎逻辑的比较。 77(D。应为(should)be called。suggested决定了该句的宾语从句为虚拟语气。 78(B。应为which。非限定定语从句不能用that引导。 79(B。应为were。因为billboards是复数名词。再如,In the room are a lot of people(因为 people是复 数,所以要用系动词的复数形式)。 80(A。应为annoyed。完整的句意为the shopper was annoyed at the long check-out lines。 Paper Two Part ? Translation Section A [参考译文] 很多人认为科技发现是灵光一闪,或戏剧化事件的产物:艾萨克?牛顿爵士在花园中注意到了苹果落 地,从而发现了万有引力定律。很显然,这一观点并不正确。弗莱明爵士并不如传闻所言那样,看到一片 奶酪上的霉菌,在当时当地就想到(发明)了抗生素盘尼西林。事实上,他做了九年之久的抗细菌物质的实 验,终于才有了他的发现。发明和革新总是来自于勤勉的“试误”实验。革新和发明就像是足球赛,即使 是最好的选手也会射不进球,他们射门受阻的次数远远大于射门得分的次数。 Section B [参考译文] Nature began a new experiment. Instead of adapting to a specific environment, man has the capacity to adapt himself to any specific environment. They spread throughout the globe, changing as they moved, until they became the most widely distributed species on the earth. Man adapted physically as well as culturally to the new surroundings into which he moved. People who lived near equator developed dark skin to protect themselves from strong sunlight; people who moved to colder climates developed light skin to take advantage of the sunlight for the synthesis of vitamin D; people in cold dry climates became stocky to conserve heat. People in hot dry climates tended to become tall and thin to dissipate heat. Part ? Writing [参考范文] What Does Pressure Do to Us? In modern society people are faced with fierce competition, and the pressure has become greater than ever before. In the last few years quite a number of men and women have chosen "downshifting": do something less competitive. They decide to trade their highly-paid but also highly demanding position for a not-so-well-paid but a less challenging one. They are afraid that the stresses and strains of work will rob them of joy and happiness and do them harm both physically and mentally. In fact, stress isn't the bad thing it is often supposed to be, unless it gets out of control. Certain amount of stress is vital to providing motivation and challenge, and giving purpose and significance to an otherwise meaningless, idle life. People under stress tend to express their flail range of potential and to actualize their own personal worth--the very aim of a human life.
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