关于经济全球化的实质

关于经济全球化的实质 关于经济全球化的实质、影响和发展趋势的研究 1(房宁 《经济全球化的本质与进程》《中国社会科学》 2003年 02期 2(高勇、谢秋林《新形势下经济全球化及其实质分析》《石家庄经济学院学报》2005年03 期 3(张彤玉、丁国杰 《经济全球化的各种理论争论及其评价》《当代经济研究》200501期 (龚鉴瑛 《论经济全球化的本质》《经济师》2005年04期 4 5(陈德照 《经济全球化:实质、规律、特征、误区》《当代世界与社会主义》2000年02期 6(唐任伍 《经济全球化的实质与中国的对策》《世界经济》2000年10期 7. 喻志军 《经济全球化的实质及利弊》《成人高教学刊》2003年第3期 8. 赵学清、高玉林 《经济全球化的实质及其矛盾》《中州学刊》2000年05期 9. 张鸿钧、姜照华 《经济全球化的动因、实质及影响》《大连理工大学学报(社会科学版)2000 年04期 10(唐士其 《经济全球化的政治影响》《当代世界与社会主义》2006年 02期 11. 叶江 《论经济全球化与国家的关系》《世界经济研究》1998年01期 12. 严书翰 《经济全球化与社会主义》《理论前沿》2000年18期 13(董洪霞 《经济全球化带给发展中国家的挑战》《经济师》 2003年 07期 14.石琼 《论经济全球化对发展中国家影响及其对策》《金融经济》 2006年 12期 15(张淑欣 《经济全球化对发展中国家的影响及对策》《黑龙江金融》2007年03期 16(雷新超 《论经济全球化中发展中国家对经济主权问 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 的认识》《经济经纬》2003年03 期 17(王思斯 《经济全球化与发展中国家的决策选择》《理论界》2007年04期 18(陈德照 《经济全球化对中国的机遇与挑战》《国际问题研究》1999年03期 19(郑英隆 《论经济全球化条件下中国农村的乡土型企业发展》《经济评论》2007年02期 20(李建红 《经济全球化背景下提升中国企业创新能力的设想》《经济研究参考》2007年 18期 21. 徐辉、黎万和 《经济全球化与中国的应对之策》《特区经济》2006年 05期 22(赵景峰 《经济全球化对中国的挑战》《理论视野》2005年 01期 23. 黄泰岩、张宏伟 《经济全球化下的中国经济增长》《教学与研究》2004年07期 24(于灵 《经济全球化与21世纪中国的对策》《财经问题研究》2000年 04期 25(张春祥、王富华 《经济全球化对我国的影响》《城市问题》2000年 04期 26(王雅梅、何文君 《经济全球化进程中的西部大开发——机遇、挑战与对策分析》《经济 体制改革》2002年01期 27. 陈浩 《经济全球化对中国的负面影响及对策》《经济论坛》2000年15期 28(李桂芹 《经济全球化进程中的中国经济安全的维护》《工业技术经济》2001年06期 29(孙玉娟、郑祖婷、张宝忠 《经济全球化对中国经济发展的深刻影响》《集团经济研究》 2006年 09期 30. 闫世辉 《经济全球化与环境保护》《中国行政管理》2000年02期 31. 许明月、侯茜 《经济全球化与反垄断立法》《现代法学》2004年05期 32. 罗豪才 《经济全球化与法制建设》《求是》2000年23期 33. 雷达、于春海 《经济全球化影响的 制度 关于办公室下班关闭电源制度矿山事故隐患举报和奖励制度制度下载人事管理制度doc盘点制度下载 思考》《世界经济》2000年04期 34. 周振华 《经济全球化对宪法的影响及其发展趋势》《浙江师范大学学报(社会科学版)》 2005年第6期 35(赵汇、吴涛《透视经济全球化的本质及其发展趋势》《学术界》2005年06期 1 36(周振华 《经济全球化对宪法的影响及其发展趋势》《浙江师范大学学报(社会科学版)》 2005年 06期 37(宋群 《我国工业化加快发展和经济全球化趋势的战略关系与对策》 《经济研究参考》 2006年24期 38(毛蕴诗、戴勇 《经济全球化与经济区域化的发展趋势与特征》《研究经济评论》2006 年04期 《经济全球化趋势对我国经济发展的影响》《哈尔滨市委党校学报》2006年0439(梅冬芳 期 40(李萍 《发展中国家如何应对经济全球化趋势》《经济师》 2003年03期 41(张英健 《谈经济全球化趋势及对发展中国家的影响》《松辽学刊(人文社会科学版)》 2001 年06期 42(汪永成《试论经济全球化趋势对中国行政发展的特殊要求》《理论与改革》2002年02 期 43(季仲明 《当代经济全球化的发展趋势》《福州党校学报》2002年02期 44(黄晓凤 《经济全球化趋势与我国经济发展的对策》《湖南经济》2001年03期 45(谢康 《经济全球化及其发展趋势》《毛泽东邓小平理论研究》2000年01期 46(刘洪寅 《全球社会主义:马克思视域中的经济全球化发展趋势》《南京政治学院学报》 2000年04期 47(周泽红 《经济全球化趋势与我国经济发展战略的选择》《改革与战略》2000年05期 48(张琦 《挑战前所未有——经济全球化未来发展趋势国际贸易》2000年04期 周红霞 《经济全球化趋势与发展中国家的应对策略》《科技进步与对策》200049(周军、 年06期 50(陈继勇、肖光恩 《经济全球化发展的新趋势与我国对策》《对外经贸实务》2000年 11 期 51(刘克逸 《世界经济全球化趋势与我国经济发展的战略对策》《世界经济文汇》1999年 05期 一、 经济全球化实质 关于经济全球化的本质，综合来说，目前主要有三种观点:第一，经济全球化本质上是全球范围内市场经济发展的历史进程,是市场经济的全面推进和空前大发展，因此,经济全球化本质上是世界经济的全球市场化;第二，经济全球化的本质属性是生产的国际化,它使人类社会正从“国际贸易”时代进入“国际生产”时代,经济全球化就是生产的全球化;第三，经济全球化的实质是资本主义生产方式的全球化。具体的研究观点有这些: 房宁: “经济全球化的实质是资本的全球化, 是资本国际循环的建立。如此, 既可帮助我们看清全球化的缘起, 又有利于我们认识分析全球化可能产生的结果和未来的趋势。”“经济全球化, 从根本上来说, 是与资本主义生产关系的出现联系在一起的。”他指出经济全球化的实质就是资本运动的全球化。 ——房宁 《经济全球化的本质与进程》 《中 国社会科学》 2003年 02期 2 高勇和谢秋林:“经济全球化实际上就是资本的大规模的跨国运动, 或者说资本的国际循环与周转。”“经济全球化的实质就是一场以发达国家为主导、跨国公司为主角、以技术和制度创新优势为支撑、以资本为纽带、以生产和贸易为基础、世界范围内的产业结构调整和资源的重新配置。”他们俩比较侧重与从资本流动的角度分析，认为全球化就是以资本流动带动生产和贸易的跨国运动。 ——高勇、谢秋林 《新形势下经济全球化 及其实质分析》 《石家庄经济学院学报》 2005年 03期 龚鉴瑛:“从客观层面上观察,它是在科技革命的推动下世界范围内生产力发展的客观要求;从主观层面上分析,由于受实力对比关系及西方国家出于自身政治利益的诉求等因素的影响,在一定程序上,经济全球化在现阶段的发展趋向又是资本主义的全球化。”她的研究是基于马克思主义经济学揭示的资本主义制度最基本的特征进行的。 ——龚鉴瑛 《论经济全球化的本质》 《经 济师》 2005年 04期 陈德照:“经济全球化是一种有着多方面和多层次内容的复杂的社会经济现象。它的本质属性包含两方面内容。一方面,它是人类社会生产力发展的必然结果和客观要求,是商品和生产跨越国界发展的结果。另一方面,迄今为止的经济全球化又同资本主义生产关系向全球扩展有着密切的联系。目前的经济全球化,在很大程度上,是资本主义生产关系向全球扩展的产物。”他从资本主义生产关系角度展开对经济全球化本质的研究。 ——陈德照 《经济全球化:实质、规律、特 征、误区》《当代世界与社会主义》 2000 年 02期 唐任伍:“经济全球化是市场经济的‘全球化’”“经济全球化的引导和推动者是以美国为首的西方发达资本主义国家”“经济全球化实际上是向全球强制推行西方大国制定的游戏规则”“全球化放大了资本主义本身固有的不公平原则”“全球化导致破坏性极大的国际投机猖獗”“全球化为西方资产阶级推行思想文化提供了便利条件”。 ——唐任伍 《经济全球化的实质与中国的 对策》《世界经济》2000年 10期 喻志军:“从社会生产力角度进行分析，经济全球化的实质是市场经济化，也就是实现资源在全球范围内的最优配置，达到‘以最有利的条件生产，在最有利的市场销售’这一世界经济发展的最优状态，因此，生产力的发展是经济全球化的根本原因;从社会生产关系角度进行分析，只要资本主义经济居于全球统治地位，经济全球化的实质就只能是资本主义生产关系的全球化”。他分别从生产力和生产关系两个角度进行了分析。 ——喻志军 《经济全球化的实质及利弊》 《成人高教学刊》2003年第3期 赵学清、高玉林:“经济全球化的实质是资本增殖关系的全球化，而不是市场经济或资本主义的全球化等 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 现”。他们俩认为，经济全球化表现为社会分工和生产的全球化、生产要素配置的全球化、自由贸易的全球化、金融市场的全球化、经济组织的全球化、市场经济的全球化以及资本主义的全球化。 ——赵学清、高玉林 《经济全球化的实质 3 及其矛盾》《中州学刊》2000年05期 二、的研究观点摘录 1(经济全球化对国际政治关系的影响 左右一个国家国内政治生活的因素可能远唐士其:“经济全球化产生的政治影响之一是, 远超越了该国的国境,而一个国家所奉行的政策也可能对相距遥远的其他国家的政治生活产生深刻的影响。这意味着地域国家对其边界范围内社会经济过程的管制能力的削弱,同时也意味着政府职能及其结构的变化。”“总而言之,经济全球化对国家政治生活的影响已经触及到其权力结构与权力过程本身。”一国的政治活动影响已经远远超出了该国的国境，而其他国家的政治活动也会影响到该国的政治，经济全球化带动了政治的全球化。 ——唐士其 《经济全球化的政治影响》《当 代世界与社会主义》2006年 02期 叶江:“经济全球化对国家的影响表现在它使民族国家在国际舞台上所扮演的角色的地位、性质、作用和能力发生巨大变化”“经济全球化不但导致国家主权的实际削弱及国家的地位和能力不可逆转地下降，而且致使国家必须改变在国际事务中追求国家利益的方式和方法”。 ——叶江 《论经济全球化与国家的关系》 《世界经济研究》1998年01期 严书翰:“经济全球化给中国特色社会主义带来的机遇和挑战”。机遇方面:“第一, 为我国改革开放和现代化建设带来了机遇;第二, 为我国参与、影响和建立国际经济政治新秩 第三,为我们在世界社会主义低潮的情况下有所作为并对人类作出重大贡献序提供了机遇; 提供了机遇”。挑战方面:“第一,给我国金融业带来的风险;第二, 给我国国家安全特别是经济安全带来了威胁;第三,给我国意识形态领域带来的压力”。 ——严书翰 《经济全球化与社会主义》《理 论前沿》2000年18期 2(经济全球化对发展中国家的影响 经济全球化是一把“双刃剑”，给发达国家带来的更多的是机遇，而给发展中国家带来的更多的是挑战，董洪霞分析道:“对于那些不很适应市场经济的发展中国家来说,全球化带给它们的不仅仅是机遇,更有挑战。”“第一,发展中国家要为遵守以发达国家为主导制定的国际经济规则付出代价。第二,经济全球化有可能危及发展中国家的经济安全。在理论上,经济全球化的发展要求所有参与国都要一定程度地让渡和共享经济主权。第三,金融风暴对发展中国家形成重大的冲击。经济全球化就意味着要逐步实现金融自由化。第四,发展中国家的贸易条件不断恶化。第五,全球化有可能引致稀缺要素的外流,如人才外流和资本外流等。第六,经济全球化对于发展中国家教育的新挑战。” ——董洪霞 《经济全球化带给发展中国家 的挑战》《经济师》 2003年 07期 石琼从经济全球化对发展中国家的影响、挑战和对策方面进行了全面的分析。对发展中 4 国家的影响表现在:“第一，经济全球化为发展中国家提供了更多吸引外资的条件和机遇;第二，经济全球化为发展中国家的资本外投创造了有利的外部环境和条件, 使其对外直接投资规模不断扩大增长迅速;第三，经济全球化带动了世界范围经济与技术开发区以及保税区与自由贸易区等多种形式自由经济区发展;第四，经济全球化使世界范围产业结构调整进一步深化步伐加大;第五，经济全球化促进了发展中国家跨国公司发展, 使其在世界市场竞争力逐渐增强;第六，经济全球化拉动了国际贸易迅速发展。” 对发展中国的挑战表现在:“第一，发展中国家在经济全球化进程中处于不利地位;第二，经济全球化下的金融全球化在推动发展中国家经济增长同时, 带来了不容忽视的金融风险和经济冲击;第三、解决全球性问题时发展中国家也面临着尴尬局面;第四，经济全球化进一步导致和加剧了世界经济发展不平衡;第五，经济全球化带给发展中国家最大威胁是它们的国家主权受到冲击国家经济安全受到挑战。” 发展中国家应采取以下对策:“第一，迎接经济全球化挑战, 积极参与到经济全球化当中去;第二，维护国家经济主权, 保证经济安全;第三，大力推进国内经济结构战略性调整;第四，经济区域化和集团化是发展中国家应对经济全球化的有效途径。” ——石琼 《论经济全球化对发展中国家影 响及其对策》《金融经济》 2006年 12期 雷新超:“对于经济全球化给发展中国家主权带来的问题, 发展中国家的认识经历了由盲目到觉醒的过程,主要表现是: 实现了“让渡”经济主权无限性到有限性的转变; 实现了不愿让渡到主动让渡部分经济主权的转变;实现了由不干预、放任到自觉强化主权、加强适度干预的转变。” ——雷新超 《论经济全球化中发展中国家 对经济主权问题的认识》《经济经纬》2003 年03期 3(经济全球化对中国的影响 从中国的角度来分析，经济全球化是机遇和挑战的结合，陈德照分析认为经济全球化给中国带来的机遇和挑战主要是这么三方面:“(一) 社会主义市场 机制 综治信访维稳工作机制反恐怖工作机制企业员工晋升机制公司员工晋升机制员工晋升机制图 建立和完善方面的机遇和挑战。(二) 扩大与占领市场方面的机遇与挑战。(三) 为我国分三步走,到21 世纪中达到中等发达国家水平的现代化战略提供了机遇和挑战。”中国应该及时抓住机遇，勇于面对挑战，借此机会加快市场经济的发展，与国际接轨。 ——陈德照 《经济全球化对中国的机遇与 挑战》《国际问题研究》1999年03期 张春祥、王富华认为经济全球化对我国的正面影响在于:“1.经济全球化有利于国际生产力的发展;2.经济全球化有利于世界科技创新;3.经济全球化有利于用最有利的条件生产和市场销售, 这是全球经济发展的最优状态。”同时经济全球化对我国的负面影响也存在于金融市场、我国经济主权、产业结构、市场占有、可持续发展以及经济制度等各个方面。 ——张春祥、王富华 《经济全球化对我国 的影响》《城市问题》2000年 04期 黄泰岩、张宏伟:“经济全球化突破了中国经济增长的资源瓶颈”“生产要素在全球范围内的的自由流动及其在全球范围内的优化配置，将使中国的经济增长不再仅仅依赖于本国已有的资源，从而可以通过利用世界资源突破中国作为人均资源贫国的资源瓶颈制约，缓解经 5 济快速增长国内资源有限供给的尖锐矛盾，实现国民经济的持续、稳定、快速发展。” ——黄泰岩、张宏伟 《经济全球化下的中 国经济增长》《教学与研究》2004年07期 针对全球化过程中我国的主权安全问题，李桂芹认为:“首先，政府应当始终掌握保证国家经济安全的主动权，对参与经济全球化的进程有一个明确而切合实际的长远目标，而并非一味‘先试’;其次，解决好国内经济问题;第三，增强综合国力;第四，拓展空间，加强国际合作。” ——李桂芹 《经济全球化进程中的中国经 济安全的维护》《工业技术经济》2001年 06 期 4(经济全球化对法制建设的影响 罗豪才:“不论是从国际视角来观察，还是基于国内市场来考虑，经济全球化对法制建设的影响都是巨大的。”“加强对竞争法、投资法、信息法等立法以及相关政策的研究，对发展中国具有重大的现实意义。”“在经济全球化的形势下，把法律作为社会 工程 路基工程安全技术交底工程项目施工成本控制工程量增项单年度零星工程技术标正投影法基本原理 ，厉行法治以促进经济、政治和社会的发展，早已成为世界各国的共识。”“对法律全球化理论保持警惕并不意味着无视经济全球化对法律的巨大影响。” ——罗豪才 《经济全球化与法制建设》《求 是》2000年23期 许明月、侯茜:“随着‘经济全球化’的发展，这种基于国内因素的考虑而制定的反垄断法不可避免的会遇到的各种问题。”“‘经济全球化’对反垄断法提出了许多问题，这些问题的存在使适用传统反垄断法解决国际性垄断问题陷入前所未有的困境。针对这种状况，不少国家开始对传统反垄断法进行调整，以避免反垄断法的实施对于本国经济可能带来的不利影响，使本国的反垄断法能够在‘经济全球化’的背景下发挥有效的作用。” ——许明月、侯茜 《经济全球化与反垄断 立法》《现代法学》2004年05期 周振华: “经济全球化对宪法的影响主要表现为以下几方面:(一)主权:1、主权转移;2、主权销蚀;3、主权限制。(二)人权:1、人权内容2、人权保障。(三)国体与政体:西方国家利用经济全球化削弱一些非资本主义意识形态国家的主权,推销、移植西方的价值观和政治制度,直至它们的国体、政体改变,沦为西方资本主义体系的附庸。(四)政府职能和国家治理结构。(五)国内、国际法律关系。” ——周振华 《经济全球化对宪法的影响及 其发展趋势》《浙江师范大学学报(社会科 学版)》 2005年第6期 三、经济全球化发展趋势 经济全球化是一个大潮，是不可逆转的发展趋势，研究这个发展趋势，大部分人都是分领域来进行的。谢康具体分析后认为经济全球化发展趋势主要体现在这么三个方面:“(一) 贸易自由化:第一, 进出口关税大幅度削减;第二, 进口配额、进口许可证、出口补贴和倾 6 销等非关税壁垒和不公平贸易手段都受到一定限制和削减;第三, 无歧视待遇原则得到贯彻;第四, 发展中国家的贸易利益得到一定保护和照顾;第五, 贸易自由化的适用范围不断扩大。” “(二) 生产国际化:第一,充分利用全球生产要素,达到资源最佳配置;第二, 世界经济结构调整及其第二产业的转移。” “(三) 金融国际化:第一, 金融市场的国际化;国内金融市场向世界开放, 外国金融机构在开放中受到更多的优惠;第二, 金融交易的国际化;第三, 金融机构的国际化;第四, 金融监管的国际化。” ——谢康 《经济全球化及其发展趋势》《毛 泽东邓小平理论研究》2000年01期 另一个从领域分析经济全球化发展趋势的是陈继勇、肖光恩，他们得出结论:“经济全球化的发展趋势主要表现在以下几个方面:1.在国际贸易领域:(1)国际贸易规模持续扩大，国际贸易依存度不断提高;(2)发达国家贸易额占全球贸易的70—80,，成为推动国际贸易自由化的主导力量;(3)国际贸易商品结构向高级化发展，高新技术等知识密集型产品已成为国际贸易重要的交易对象;(4)网络贸易将成为新兴的国际贸易方式。2.在国际金融领域:经济全球化中出现了国际经济金融化的趋势，具体表现为:(1)金融虚拟经济在国际经济活动中日益突出;(2)国际金融关系在国际经济联系中日益突出;(3)货币一体化已经成为未来货币体系发展的新模式之一。3.在国际投资领域: (1)跨国公司成为国际投资的重要主体;(2)跨国公司兼并已经成为经济全球化的重要表现形式;(3)高科技产业特别是信息产业和服务行业已经成为国际投资的重点，经济全球化使得世界产业结构得以调整;(4)对发展中国家企业的兼并和收购已经成为发达国家对发展中国家直接投资的重要方式;(5)跨国公司的科技开发趋于国际化。4.在国际经济协调方面:(1)涉及知识经济的产业成为国际经济协调的重要领域;(2)国际金融关系的协调日益成为国际经济协调的重要方面，金融安全是世界各国经济安全关注的重心;(3)国际货币基金组织、世界银行和世界贸易组织等三大国际经济组织协调作用不断提高，协调范围日益扩大。” ——陈继勇、肖光恩 《经济全球化发展的 新趋势与我国对策》《对外经贸实务》2000 年 11期 季仲明归纳了经济全球化的发展趋势为:“(一) 世界经济全球化的明显特征是产业结构的整合;(二) 跨国公司成为经济全球化的主要载体;(三) 金融全球化、贸易全球化将得到进一步的发展。” ——季仲明 《当代经济全球化的发展趋势》 《福州党校学报》2002年02期 四、对经济全球化研究的分析评论 经济全球化从本质上说是资本流动的全球化，它体现了马克思主义关于资本的特征的论述，即资本的本质就是要增值，增值的要求促使资本向世界各国利润高的国家和地区流动，资本的流动带动了生产和贸易的流动，织就了一张覆盖全世界的经济网络。经济全球化对世界各国来说都意味着机遇和挑战的双重影响，但是对发达国家来说，它更体现为机遇，而对发展中国家来说，它更体现为挑战，经济全球化是一把双刃剑，让富裕的更加富裕，贫穷的更加贫穷。经济全球化的发展趋势主要体现在国际贸易、国际金融以及国际国际关系领域， 7 经济的全球化逐渐带来的是政治的全球化，最终的趋势是全世界各个领域都相互联系，不可分割，整个世界成为一个不可分割的统一体。 (经济研究所陈晓玉整理) 8 ,英文版 , Two regulations promulgated for implementation is in the party in power for a long time and the rule of law conditions, the implementation of comprehensive strictly strategic plan, implementation in accordance with the rules and discipline to manage the party, strengthen inner-party supervision of major initiatives. The two regulations supporting each other, the < code > adhere to a positive advocate, focusing on morality is of Party members and Party leading cadres can see, enough to get a high standard; < rule > around the party discipline, disciplinary ruler requirements, listed as "negative list, focusing on vertical gauge, draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the" bottom line ". Here, the main from four square face two party rules of interpretation: the first part introduces two party Revised regulations the necessity and the revision process; the second part is the interpretation of the two fundamental principles of the revision of laws and regulations in the party; the third part introduces two party regulations modified the main changes and needs to grasp several key problems; the fourth part on how to grasp the implementation of the two regulations of the party. < code > and < Regulations > revised the necessity and revised history of the CPC Central Committee the amendment to the Chinese Communist 9 Party members and leading cadres honest politics several guidelines > and < Chinese Communist Party discipline and Punishment Regulations > column 1 by 2015 to strengthen party laws and regulations focus. Two party regulations revision work lasted a Years, pooling the wisdom of the whole party, ideological consensus, draw historical experience, respect for the wisdom of our predecessors, which reflects the unity of inheritance and innovation; follow the correct direction, grasp the limited goals, adhere to the party's leadership, to solve the masses of the people reflect a focus on the problem. The new revision of the < code > and < rule >, reflects the party's 18 and the eighth session of the third, the spirit of the fourth plenary session, reflecting the experience of studying and implementing the General Secretary Xi Jinping series of important speech, reflects the party's eighteen years comprehensive strictly practice. (a) revised two regulations of the party need of < the ICAC guidelines > in < in 1997 Leaders as members of the Communist Party of China clean politics certain criteria (Trial) > based on revised, the promulgation and implementation of January 2010, to strengthen the construction of the contingent of leading cadres play an important role. But with the party to manage the party strictly administering the deepening, has not been able to fully meet the actual needs. Content is too 10 complicated, "eight prohibition, 52 are not allowed to" hard to remember, and also difficult to put into practice; the second is concisely positive advocated by the lack of prohibited provisions excessive, no autonomy requirements; the third is banned terms and discipline law, both with the party discipline, disciplinary regulations repeat and Criminal law and other laws and regulations repeat; the fourth is to "clean" the theme is not prominent, not for the existing problems, and is narrow, only needle of county-level leading cadres above. < rule > is in 1997 < Chinese Communist Party disciplinary cases (Trial) > based on revision, in December 2003 the promulgation and implementation, to strengthen the construction of the party play very important role. Along with the development of the situation, which many provisions have been unable to fully meet the comprehensive strictly administering the practice needs. One is Ji law, more than half of the provisions and criminal law and other countries laws and regulations Repetition; two is the political discipline regulations is not prominent, not specific, for violation of the party constitution, damage the authority of Party Constitution of misconduct lack necessary and serious responsibility to pursue; third is the main discipline for the leading cadres, does not cover all Party members. Based on the above situation, need to < the criterion of a clean and honest 11 administration > and < rule > the two is likely to be more relevant regulations first amendment. By revising, really put the authority of Party discipline, the seriousness in the party tree and call up the majority of Party members and cadres of the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness. (II) two party regulations revision process the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China attaches great importance to two regulations revision . Xi Jinping, general books recorded in the Fifth Plenary Session of the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, on the revised regulations < > made clear instructions. According to the central deployment, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection from 2014 under six months begin study two regulations revision. The Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 4 review revised. Comrade Wang Qishan 14 times held a special meeting to study two regulations revision, amendment clarifies the direction, major issues of principle, path and target, respectively held a forum will listen to part of the province (area) secretary of the Party committee, Secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission, part of the central ministries and state organs Department The first party committee is mainly responsible for people, views of experts and scholars and grassroots party organizations and 12 Party members. Approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, on 7 September 2015, the general office of the Central Committee of the Party issued a notice to solicit the provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) Party, the central ministries and commissions, state ministries and commissions of the Party (party), the General Political Department of the military, every 3 people organization of Party of two regulations revision opinion. Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of extensive solicitation of opinions, careful study, attracting, formed a revised sent reviewers. In October 8 and October 12, Central Committee Political Bureau Standing Committee and the Political Bureau of the Central Committee After consideration of the two regulations revised draft. On October 18, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China formally issued two regulations. Can say, two laws amendment concentrated the wisdom of the whole party, embodies the party. Second, < code > and < Regulations > revision of the basic principles of two party regulations revision work and implement the party's eighteen, ten eight plenary, the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee and General Secretary Xi Jinping important instructions on the revised < low political criterion > and < Regulations >, highlighting the ruling party 13 characteristics, serious discipline, the discipline quite in front of the law, based on the current, a long-term, advance as a whole, with Bu Xiuding independent < rule > and < rule >. Main principle is: first, adhere to the party constitution to follow. The constitution about discipline and self-discipline required specific, awaken the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness, maintaining the authority of the constitution. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that "no rules, no side round. Party constitution is the fundamental law, the party must follow the general rules. In early 2015 held the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee, Xi Jinping again pointed out that constitution is the party must follow the general rules, but also the general rules." the revision of the < code > and < rule > is Method in adhere to the regulations established for the purpose of combining rule of virtue is to adhere to the party constitution as a fundamental to follow, the constitution authority set up, wake up the party constitution and party rules the sense of discipline, the party constitution about discipline and self-discipline specific requirements. 4 second is to adhere to in accordance with the regulations governing the party and the party. The Party of rule of virtue "de", mainly refers to the party's ideals and beliefs, excellent traditional style. The revised the 14 < code > closely linked to the "self-discipline", insisting on the positive initiative, for all members, highlight the "vital few", emphasized self-discipline, focusing on the morality, and the majority of Party members and the ideological and moral standards. The revised < > Ji method separately, Ji, Ji Yan to Method, as a "negative list", emphasizing the heteronomy, focusing on vertical gauge. Is this one high and one low, a positive reaction, the strict party discipline and practice results transformation for the integration of the whole party to observe moral and discipline requirements, for the majority of Party members and cadres provides benchmarking and ruler. Third, insist on to. In view of the problems existing in the party at the present stage, the main problems of Party members and cadres in the aspect of self-discipline and abide by the discipline to make clearly defined, especially the party's eighteen years strict political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline and to implement the central eight provisions of the spirit against the four winds and other requirements into Disciplinary provisions. Not one pace reachs the designated position, focusing on in line with reality, pragmatic and effective. After the revision of major changes, major changes in the < code > and < rule > modified and needs to grasp several key problems (a) < code > < code > adhere to according to regulations 15 governing the party and party with morals in combination, for at the present stage, the leadership of the party members and cadres and Party members in existing main problems of self-discipline, put forward principles, requirements and specifications, showing Communists noble moral pursuit, reflected at all times and in all over the world ethics from high from low 5 common requirements. One is closely linked to the "self-discipline", removal and no direct relation to the provisions of . the second is adhere to a positive advocate, "eight prohibition" 52 are not allowed to "about the content of the" negative list moved into synchronization amendment < cases >. Three is for all the party members, will apply object from the leadership of the party members and cadres to expand to all Party members, fully embodies the comprehensive strictly required. The fourth is prominent key minority, seize the leadership of the party members and cadres is the key, and put forward higher requirements than the ordinary Party members. Five is to simplify, and strive to achieve concise, easy to understand, easy to remember. The revised < code > is the ruling Party since the first insists on a positive advocate forAll Party members and the self-discipline norms, moral declaration issued to all members of the party and the National People's solemn commitment. > < criterion of a clean and honest administration consists of 4 parts, 18, 16 more than 3600 words. After the revision of the < code >, a total of eight, 281 words, including lead, specification and Party member cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms, etc. Part 3 members low-cost clean and self-discipline, the main contents can be summarized as "four must" "eight code". Lead part, reiterated on ideal and faith, fundamental purpose, the fine traditions and work style, noble sentiments, such as "four must" the principle of requirements, strong tone of self-discipline, The higher request for 6 and supervised tenet, the foothold in permanent Bao the party's advanced nature and purity, to reflect the revised standards requirements. Members of self-discipline norms around the party members how to correctly treat and deal with the "public and private", "cheap and rot" thrifty and extravagance "bitter music", put forward the "four norms". Party leader cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms for the leadership of the party members and cadres of the "vital few", around the "clean politics", from civil servant of the color, the exercise of power, moral integrity, a good family tradition and other aspects of the leadership of the party members and cadres of the "four norms" < > < norm norm. "The Party member's self-discipline norms" and "party members and leading cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms," a total of eight, collectively referred to as the "eight". "Four must" and "eight" of the 17 content from the party constitution and Party's several generation of leaders, especially Xi Jinping, general secretary of the important discussion, refer to the "three discipline and eight points for attention" statements, and reference some embody the Chinese nation excellent traditional culture essence of epigrams. (2) the revised regulations, the main changes in the revised Regulations > to fully adapt to the strictly requirements, reflects the according to the regulations governing the law of recognition of deepening, the realization of the discipline construction and Jin Ju. < rule > is party a ruler, members of the basic line and follow. And the majority of Party members and cadres of Party organizations at all levels should adhere to the bottom line of thinking, fear discipline, hold the bottom line, as a preventive measure, to keep the party's advanced nature and purity. 1, respect for the constitution, refinement and discipline. Revised < rule > from comprehensive comb physical constitution began, the party constitution and other regulations of the Party of Party organizations and Party discipline requirements refinement, clearly defined in violation of the party constitution will be in accordance with regulations to give the corresponding disciplinary action. The original 10 categories of misconduct, integration specification for political discipline, discipline, honesty and discipline masses Ji Law and discipline and discipline and 18 other six categories, the content of < rule > real return to Party discipline, for the majority of Party members and listed a "negative list. 7 2, highlighting the political discipline and political rules. > < Regulations according to the stage of the discipline of outstanding performance, emphasizing political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline, in opposition to the party's leadership and the party's basic theory, basic line, basic program and basic experience, the basic requirement of behavior made prescribed punishment, increase the cliques, against the organization such as violation of the provisions, to ensure that the central government decrees and the Party of centralized and unified. 3, adhere to strict discipline in the law and discipline In front, Ji separated. Revised < Regulations > adhere to the problem oriented, do Ji separated. Any national law existing content, will not repeat the provisions, the total removal of 79 and criminal law, repeat the content of the public security management punishment law, and other laws and regulations. In the general reiterated that party organizations and Party members must conscientiously accept the party's discipline, die van comply with national laws and regulations; at the same time, to investigate violations of Party members and even criminal behavior of Party discipline and responsibility, > < Regulations distinguish five different conditions, with special provisions were 19 made provisions, so as to realize the connection of Party discipline and state law. 4, reflect Wind building and anti-corruption struggle of the latest achievements. < rule > the party's eighteen years implement the spirit of the central provisions of the eight, against the requirements of the "four winds" and transformation for disciplinary provisions, reflecting the style construction is always on the road, not a gust of wind. In the fight against corruption out of new problems, increase the trading rights, the use of authority relatives profit and other disciplinary terms. Prominent discipline of the masses, the new against the interests of the masses and ignore the demands of the masses and other disciplinary terms and make provisions of the disposition and the destruction of the party's close ties with the masses. Discipline to protect the party's purpose. 8 of these regulations, a total of three series, Chapter 15, 178, more than 24000 words, after the revision of the regulations a total of 3 series, Chapter 11, 133, 17000 words, divided into "general" and "special provisions" and "Supplementary Provisions" Part 3. Among them, add, delete, modify the provisions of the proportion of up to nearly 90%. 1, the general general is divided into five chapters. The first chapter to the regulations of the guiding ideology, principles and scope of application of the provisions, highlight the strengthening of the party 20 constitution consciousness, maintenance the authority of Party Constitution, increase the party organizations and Party members must abide by the party constitution, Yan Centralized centralized, would examine at all levels of the amended provisions implementing and maintaining Party discipline, and consciously accept the party discipline, exemplary compliance with national laws and regulations. The second chapter of discipline concept, disciplinary action types and effects of the regulations, will be a serious warning from the original a year for a year and a half; increase the Party Congress representative, by leaving the party above (including leave probation) punishment, the party organization should be terminated its representative qualification provisions. The third chapter of the disciplinary rules of use prescribed in the discipline rectifying process, non convergence, not close hand classified as severely or heavier punishment. "Discipline straighten "At least eighteen years of five years, these five years is to pay close attention to the provisions of the central eight implementation and anti -" four winds ". The fourth chapter on suspicion of illegal party disciplinary distinguish five different conditions, with special provisions were made provisions, to achieve effective convergence of Party and country 9 method. < rule > the provisions of Article 27, Party organizations in the 21 disciplinary review found that party members have committed embezzlement, bribery, dereliction of duty dereliction of duty and other criminal law act is suspected of committing a crime shall give cancel party posts, probation or expelled from the party. The second is < Regulations > Article 28 the provisions of Party organizations in the disciplinary review But found that party members are stipulated in the criminal law, although not involved in a crime shall be investigated for Party discipline and responsibility should be depending on the specific circumstances shall be given a warning until expelled punishment. This situation and a difference is that the former regulation behavior has been suspected of a crime, the feeling is quite strict, and the latter for the behavior not involving crime, only the objective performance of the provisions of the criminal code of behavior, but the plot is a crime to slightly. < Regulations > the 29 provisions, Party organizations in the discipline review found that party members and other illegal behavior, affect the party's image, the damage to the party, the state and the people's interests, we should depend on the situation Seriousness given disciplinary action. The loss of Party members, seriously damaging the party's image of behavior, should be given expelled from the party. At this article is party member is in violation of the criminal law outside the other illegal acts, such as violates 22 the public security administration punishment law, customs law, financial laws and regulations behavior. The fourth is < cases > Article 32 stipulates, minor party members and the circumstances of the crime, the people's Procuratorate shall make a decision not to initiate a prosecution, or the people's court shall make a conviction and exempted from criminal punishment shall be given within the party is removed from his post, probation or expelled from the party. Party members and crime, sheets were fined in accordance with For acts; the principal Ordinance amended the provisions of the preceding paragraph. This is the new content, in order to achieve Ji method effective convergence. Five is < > the thirty third article 10 of the provisions, the Party member due to an intentional crime is sentenced to criminal law (including probation) sheets or additional deprivation of political rights; due to negligence crime and was sentenced to three years or more (excluding three years) a penalty, shall give expelled punishment. Due to negligence crime is convicted and sentenced to three years (including three years) in prison or be sentenced to public surveillance, detention, shall in general be expelled from the party. For the individual may not be expelled from the party, should control Approval. This is followed and retained the original > < Regulations the provisions of punishment party authorization rules and report to a level party 23 organizations. For is "party members with criminal acts, and by the criminal punishment, generally should be expelled from the party". The fifth chapter of probationary Party member of the discipline and discipline after missing members of the treatment and punishment decisions, such as the implementation of the provisions, clear the related party discipline and punishment decision made after, for duties, wages and other relevant alteration formalities for the longest time. 2, sub sub section will the original regulations of 10 categories of acts of violation of discipline integration revised into 6 categories, respectively, in violation of the punishments for acts of political discipline "in violation of discipline behavior of punishment" in violation of integrity of disciplinary action points "of violation punishments for acts of mass discipline" "the violation of work discipline, punishment" in violation of discipline of life behavior punishment "6 chapters. 3, annex" Supplementary Provisions "clear authority making supplementary provisions of, cases of interpretative organ, as well as regulations implementation time and retroactivity etc.. 11 (3) learning understanding > < regulations needs to grasp several key problems The first problem -- about the violation of political discipline behavior > < new ordinance chapter 6 the political discipline column for the six disciplines, that is the main opposition to Party leadership and the opposition of the basic 24 theory, basic line, basic program and basic experience, basic requirements of misconduct made provisions of the disposition, especially the eighteen since the CPC Central Committee put forward the Yan Mingzheng treatment of discipline and political rules requirements and practical achievements transformation for Discipline article, increase the false debate central policies, cliques, against the organization review, make no discipline of the principle of harmony terms. These are the party's eighteen years in comprehensive strictly Process combined with the practice of rich content. (1) false debate the central policies and undermine the Party of centralized and unified the problem is made in accordance with the provisions of the party constitution. Constitution in general programme requirements adhere to democratic centralism is one of the requirements of the construction of the party must adhere to the four cardinal. Application of this principle is not only the party the basic organization principle and is also the mass line in party life, it requires that we must fully develop inner-party democracy, respect for the dominant position of Party members, safeguarding the Party member democratic rights, give full play to the enthusiasm and creativity of the party organizations at all levels and Party members, at the same time, also must implement the right concentration, ensure the party's mission < the chaos in unity and concerted 25 action to ensure that the party's decision to get quickly and effectively implementing. The Party Central Committee formulated the major principles and policies, through different channels and ways, fully listen to the party organizations and Party members of the opinions and suggestions, but 12 is some people face to face not to say back blather "" will not say, after the meeting said, "" Taiwan does not say, and nonsense ", in fact, not only disrupt the people thought, some causing serious consequences, the damage to the Party of the centralized and unified, hinder the central policy implementation, but also a serious violation of the democratic system of principles. There is no doubt that shall, in accordance with the Regulations > 4 Specified in Article 6 to give the appropriate punishment. For did not cause serious consequences, to give criticism and education or the corresponding tissue processing. (2) about the destruction of the party's unity < New Regulations > the forty eighth to fifty second article, to damage Party's unity unified and violation of political discipline, punishment situation made explicit provisions. Article 52 of the new "in the party get round group, gangs seek private gain, cliques, cultivate private forces or through the exchange of interests, for their own to create momentum and other activities to gain political capital, given a serious warning or withdraw from their party posts disposition; if the 26 circumstances are serious, to give Leave a party to observation or expelled from the party. (3) on against the organization review of the provisions of the constitution, party loyalty honesty is party members must comply with the obligations. Members must obey the organization decision, shall not violate the organization decided encounters by asking questions to find organization, rely on the organization, shall not deceive the organization, against the organization. For example, after the investigation does not take the initiative to explain the situation, but to engage in offensive and defensive alliance, hiding the stolen money is against survey organization, is a violation of the behavior of political discipline. Article 24 of the original > < Regulations, although the provisions of the interference, hinder group review the behavior of the fabric can be severely or 13 Aggravated punishment, but did not put this kind of behavior alone as a discipline for qualitative amount of discipline. > < new regulations increase the Article 57, "anti organization review, one of the following acts, given a warning or serious warning; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, give expelled from the party: (a) on supply or forged, destroyed, transfer, conceal evidence; (II) to prevent others expose, providing evidence 27 Material; (III) harboring co personnel; (4) to the organization to provide false information, to hide the fact; (5) the him against the acts of the organization review. "< rule > add this clause to the Constitution requires more specific, the previous no punishment in accordance with the definite list and put forward clear punishment in accordance with. (4) about organizing or participating in superstitious activities as < Regulations > about engage in activities of feudal superstition obstruction of social management order" violations of Article 164 the provisions, but according to the original < rule > only in disrupting production, work, social life order The case to be disciplinary treatment, in other words, alone make the feudal superstition, organize or participate in the activities of feudal superstition of, does not constitute a violation. Which is not consistent with the requirements of our party's political party. > < new regulations in this change is, superstitious activities on the political discipline, increase the Article 58, is the organization of Party members, in superstitious activities included in violation of the negative list of political discipline deserves punishment, which and Party members should adhere to the correct political principle, political standpoint and viewpoint is consistent. 14 the second question about organization and discipline violation behavior of democratic centralism is our The party's fundamental 28 organizational system. < New Regulations > Chapter 7 "in violation of the behavior of organizational discipline punishment" mainly for violation of democratic centralism, contrary to the "four obey the discipline behavior for source classification rules. Increased not in accordance with the relevant provisions or requirements to the organization for instructions to report on major issues; do not report truthfully report about personal matters; falsify personal archives; hide before joining the party serious mistakes; leading cadres in violation of the relevant provisions of the organization, will participate in the spontaneous formation of the old Xiang, Alumni Association, comrades in arms; to obtain illegal country residence abroad or foreign nationality, illegal for private frontier Documents such as discipline terms. (1) on the report truthfully report personal matters in 2010 the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China office, office of the State Council introduced < provisions on issues related to the leading cadres to report personal >, is clear about the request, deputy division level and above leading cadres should truthfully report changes in my marriage and spouse, children, moved to the country (territory), practitioners, income, real estate, investment and other matters, for failing to report, do not report, concealed and unreported, according to the seriousness of the case, giving criticism and education, and to make a correction 29 within a time limit, shall be ordered to make a check, the commandment Jiemian conversation, informed criticism or jobs, free Post processing, constitute violations, in accordance with the relevant provisions shall be given a disciplinary sanction. But since the original < Regulations > and there is no corresponding specific terms, the violation of the regulations, do not report, as a false report about personal matters, there is no corresponding disciplinary action terms, in practice it is difficult to operate. In this regard, in order to solve is not reported, as a false report about personal matters 15 asked censure, the new < Regulations > add the Article 67 of violation of personal matters related to reporting requirements, report truthfully report the clear punishment basis, making this kind of violation behavior is no longer free drilling for Exhibition on matters of personal checks to verify and supervision of cadres, discipline review provides a powerful discipline guarantee. (2) about the illegal organization, to fellow, alumni, friends of the war will < regulations stipulated in Article 68 of >, leading cadres of the party in violation of relevant provisions of the organization, will participate in the spontaneous formation of fellow, Alumni Association, comrade in arms to give the punishment according to the seriousness of the case. Here special needs note is three points: this provision for only the leading cadres ", reflecting 30 the high requirements of leading cadres; second violation in 2002, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, the central Organization Department and the The relevant provisions of the General Political Department jointly issued the < off in leading cadres not to participate in the initiative to set up "the villagers would be" alumni "" comrades in arms organization notice >. That is to say, to the spontaneous formation of fellow, Alumni Association, comrades in arms will constitute the premise of discipline is a violation of the provisions of this. The notification specified, leading cadres are not allowed to participate in the spontaneous incorporation of fellow, alumni, between comrades association would like the organization and shall not bear the sorority Human and the organizer shall not hold the corresponding position in the sorority; shall not borrow machine woven "network" and engage in kiss sparsely, round and round the gangs, but not "align" "Jieyi Gold Orchid" behavior. The third is to emphasize here that shall be organized to participate in the initiative to set up the villager, Alumni Association, comrades in arms. The so-called 16 spontaneous was established mainly means without registration. Therefore, Party members include leading cadres in the normal range of fellow, alumni, comrades in the party is not a violation of the rules of Party discipline. The three problem about integrity 31 violations discipline Lian Jie discipline has been eighteen years clean government and anti The focus of the work of corruption. This Ordinance to amend, honesty and discipline this biggest adjustment, the new content, most of which prescribed by the original < criterion of a clean and honest administration > 8 ban and 52 are not allowed into the basic this part. (1) the central eight provisions of the spirit and requirements into < New > in the regulations of the party's eighteen years, central resolutely implement the provisions of the eight and pay close attention to the node and intensive briefing, on public funds, private bus, public funds tourism, gifts of public funds, the big parade and lavish weddings and festive, illegal payment allowances and subsidies, illegal construction of buildings such as the original masses reflects the relatively strong, "four winds" problem of the Resolute rectification. But original < Regulations > to eat and drink, super standard reception and no clear and specific expression, new < rule > will implement eight Central provisions of the spirit of the problem increased to "clean cheap self-discipline" chapter, clear to exceed the standard, beyond the scope of the reception or borrow machine eating and drinking etc. some in violation of the provisions of the spirit of the eight central relevant persons responsible for punishment, once the violation will be according to the < rule > 32 severely punished, binding, enhanced significantly. One is to add Article 87, about to obtain illegal, hold, and the actual use of the sports card, golf ball cards and other consumer card. Illegal access to private clubs made the punishment provisions. The second is increase the Article 97, has made provisions of the disposition of illegal self pay or 17 spamming allowances, subsidies and bonuses. The third is added to the Article 99, on violation of super standard, beyond the scope of the reception or borrow machine eat and drink to make the provisions of punishment. The fourth is to increase the Article 101, on the management of conference activities in violation of the provisions made sanctions regulations. The fifth is the increased Article 102, for violation of office space management provisions made the punishment provisions. Six is to split the original < rule > Article 78, formed article 98, Article 100 of public Models of tourism, violate the provisions on the administration of the use of discipline of the bus through the list of made a more detailed provisions, apply more operational. Seven is increased the article 96, in violation of the relevant provisions of the, to participate in public funds to pay for dinner, high consumption of entertainment, fitness activities and public funds to buy gift, send gifts to make the provisions of the disposition. On the violation of the central provisions of the spirit of the eight, in addition to > < new 33 regulations into "violation of honesty and self-discipline" misconduct outside, is different with the original < Regulations >, revised < rule > clearly defined not only to disposition of the directly responsible persons, but also dispose of collar Guide responsibilities. (2) increased trading rights, use of authority or position influence as relatives and close to profit violation of the terms of the < New Regulations > absorption < clean politics several guidelines > the relevant provisions spirit, increase the "negative list, including trading rights, the functions and powers or duties of influence as relatives and staff around profit. Increase Article 81" mutual use of office or authority ring for each other and their spouses, children and their spouses and other relatives, around 18 personnel and other specific relationship between the people to seek benefits engage in trading rights, given a warning or serious warning Sanctions; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, shall be expelled from the party. Increase Article 82 "connivance, acquiescence to the spouse, children and spouse etc. relatives and staff around the effect of Party members and cadres personal authority or position for personal gain, if the circumstances are relatively minor, given a warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are relatively 34 serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, the given Expelled from the party. Party members and cadres of the spouses, children and their spouses does the actual work and get salary or although the actual work but to receive significantly beyond the same rank salary standard, Party members and cadres informed fails to correct, in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph. "(3) about the gifts, gifts misconduct from handling practices in recent years, engaged in official cadres received gifts, gifts problems more prominent. This has seriously affected the image of Party members and cadres, damaged the relations between the party and the masses, and is a hotbed of corruption, is really necessary for this kind of behavior to be disciplined. < rule > no on accepting gifts, gifts, Card consumption behavior to engage in simple "one size fits all", but the difference between the different separately. One is in accordance with the provisions of Article 83, accepting may affect the impartial enforcement of the official gifts, gifts, consumer cards to depending on the seriousness of the case shall be given disciplinary sanctions. That is to say, for may affect the fair execution of business gifts, gifts, consumer cards are not allowed to accept. 19 is in accordance with the provisions of Article 83, accepting was 35 significantly higher than normal ceremony is still exchanges of gifts, gifts, consumer card to disciplinary action. This is new regulations that daily life is purely reciprocity, accepting the same thing, boys , fellow friends gifts, gifts, shopping cards, although and fair execution of business has nothing to do, also want to as the case shall be dealt with, the situation is obviously beyond normal reciprocity ". The so-called" reciprocity ", one is emphasizes the reciprocal in protocol. In other words is you to me how, I to you how, not only does not go. The second is to significantly exceeded the normal local economy level, customs and habits, economic capacity of individual gifts, gift value. Specific sanctions to according to the processing of a variety of factors to consider, as appropriate. The third is the root according to the provisions of Article 84," to Engaged in public service personnel and their spouses and children, children's spouses and other relatives and other specific relationship presented Ming Xianchao normal reciprocity of gifts, gifts, consumer card, if the circumstances are relatively serious, given a warning until probation. "In accordance with the above provisions, gift giving significantly beyond the normal reciprocity, giver constitute the discipline. (4) on illegal trading of stocks or of other regulations of securities investment < > Article 88 is engaged in punishment regulation of camp and activity 36 in violation of the relevant provisions on. Among them, 3 will" buying and selling stocks or in other securities investment "column as one of disciplinary cases Out. First need to be clear, > < regulations did not change the provisions of the Ordinance. The ordinance of the provisions of the second paragraph of Article 77 provisions "who, in violation of the provisions of the sale of stocks" is one of the violation, and at the beginning of the first paragraph of this article "violation of 20 against the relevant provisions of the" textual representation of the repeat revision. In, just from the legislative technique removed the "personal" in violation of the provisions, content and not to change the original provisions. Need to clear is, "buy or sell a stock or of other securities investment" refers to violation of the relevant provisions refers to in April 2001, the Party Central Committee, the State Council promulgated the On the work of the party and government organs staff's personal investment in securities if dry provisions >. According to the provisions of Article 3, use of work time, office facilities, the sale of stocks and securities investment fund belongs to illegal behavior. The fourth question, about the violation of the masses of the disciplinary actions < new regulations > would violate public discipline behavior of a single set of a class of restored "three rules of discipline and eight note" in the discipline of the masses of 37 excellent traditional. < New Regulations > Chapter 9 "to violate the masses of disciplinary action", mainly the destruction of the party's close ties with the masses of misconduct made provisions on disciplinary; enrich and perfect the super standard, beyond the scope of Xiang Qun < All to raise fund and labor, in for involving the public affairs deliberately, chinakayao, in social security, policy support, disaster relief funds and materials and other matters assigned any kind and affectionate friends, obviously unfair acts against the interests of the masses of the disciplinary terms; increase the terms not in accordance with the provisions of the public party provided, government, factory and village (neighborhood) provided etc. violation of the people's right to know the behavior of the discipline. The fifth issue, on the violation of work discipline violation of work discipline added "negative list, including Party organizations carry out strictly Main responsibility for poor discipline terms. (1) the new party organization comprehensive strictly the main responsibility of the party does not fulfill the 21 or perform poor disciplinary terms < New Regulations > has a lead people to pay attention to the new terms, that is, in chapter ten "on the violation of work discipline behavior punishment" increase in the one hundred and fourteenth "party fail to perform comprehensive strictly the main responsibility of the 38 party or to perform comprehensive strictly the main responsibility for administering the ineffective, resulting in serious damage or serious adverse effects, to the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership and give a warning or serious warning. The situation is serious, giving removed from their party posts or on probation Punishment. "Here the changes. For the first time, the main responsibility write < rule >. (2) new shall report does not report or false reporting discipline shall increase the 117 bar" in the higher level units to check to inspect the work or report to the parent unit, work report of shall report the matters do not report or do not report, cause serious damage or serious adverse effects of, to the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership, to give warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are serious, giving removed from their party posts or placed on probation. "For example, during the tour visits to the region, the unit Members the obligation to the inspection teams to reflect the true situation, to conceal not reported or intentionally to the inspection teams to provide false information, causing serious damage or serious adverse effects of, the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership should be in accordance with the provisions of < rule > Article 117 to give the appropriate punishment. (3) the new not granted in accordance 39 with the provisions of punishment, not according to the provisions of the implementation of disciplinary measures 22 violation of the provisions of Article 115 "Party organizations have one of the following circumstances, the direct leadership responsibility. Probation: members were sentenced punished, in accordance with the provisions give disciplinary action or in violation of state law Rules of behavior should be given disciplinary punishment and dispose of; disciplinary punishment by decision or complaint review the decision made, not in accordance with the provisions of the implementation decisions on punishment of the party, position, rank, and the treatment of the matters; Party members subject to disciplinary action, not in accordance with the cadre management authority and organizational relationships of by dispose of Party members to carry out education and supervision of daily management. "What needs to be pointed out is," cliff "demoted with cars, housing, secretary problem, implementation is not a discipline and party posts and ranks treatment by the organization department is responsible for the implementation, with cars, housing by the logistics department is responsible for the implementation of, Ji Commission responsible oversight responsibilities. The six questions, about the acts violating the discipline of life "in violation of discipline of life behavior 40 punishment", mainly to "four winds" problems and a serious violation of social morality, family virtue acts of misconduct made provisions on disciplinary, an increase of extravagant life, contrary to the social public order and good customs disciplinary terms. Worth mentioning is, > < Regulations in Article 150 about "adultery" "mistress (Cardiff) formulation in the new < rule > is removed, to expand the scope of Article 127 provisions" and others hair improper sexual relations, let face disciplinary action Wider more strict. Four, and earnestly do a good job in the < code > and < rule > implement system of life lies in execution. < code > and < Regulations > is 23 Party organizations at all levels of a strong constraint and all Party members follow. Learning and implementing the < code > and < rule > is party committees (party), commission for discipline, discipline inspection group), the majority of Party members and cadres of the common responsibility, must party caught together, the party one execution. () Party committees (party) and play and implement comprehensive strictly the main responsibility, pays special attention to the two party regulations learning cross penetration. One is to Adhere to the party constitution is fundamental to follow, and resolutely safeguard the authority of the Party Chapter. The second is to adhere to the problem oriented, to strictly political discipline and political rule 41 moments in the first place. The third is to adhere to the discipline and rules quite in front must not allow the bottom line to break the discipline. The fourth is to seriously organize the study of propaganda and education, in the city party members to create a disciplined, about the rules of the strong atmosphere. (II) Commission for Discipline Inspection at all levels (Discipline Inspection Group) to an important basis for the revised two party regulations as, adhere to easily blame, strengthen supervision and enforcement And early method in combining Ji, increase accountability efforts. One is to two regulations within the party important basis, adhere to the party constitution duties, with strict discipline to maintain the constitution authority. The second is to adhere to high standards and keep the bottom line, adhere to Ji Yan in law and discipline, the discipline and rules quite in front, grasping grasping small, easily blame, comprehensive use of supervision and discipline of "four kinds of form" in the discipline embodies the strict requirements and care for the discipline, tighten up, Yan. According to discipline in accordance with regulations to carry out disciplinary review. Increase the violations punishment, clues can initiate an investigation on the trial of cases According to the discipline on the provisions of the proportion of processing and control manager 42 maintains discipline. To focus on investigating non convergence, don't accept hand serious disciplinary violations at the same time, pay more attention to the general review of discipline 24 behavior, and gradually increase the lighter punishment. Four is to illuminate two party regulations, combined with the local district of the Department of party conduct Lianzheng to relevant laws and regulations system clean, timely research proposes to establish, change, waste release opinion, avoid conflict, and the fasten system of cage, and gradually formed not rot, not rot, not want to rot system and working mechanism. (3) the leadership of the party members and cadres should play an exemplary role. The rate of higher consciousness of the front of the Ordinance to lead practice self-discipline norms, leading to maintain discipline of seriousness and authority. One is the above rate, demonstration and guidance, take the lead in learning and mastering the < code > and < > the requirements and regulations, do the deep understanding, learning to use. The second is to play an exemplary role in abiding by discipline rate, take the lead in practicing self-discipline norms, firmly establish before the discipline are equal, the system has no privilege, discipline is no exception, and consciously do standards, require more strict measures more practical. Third is to consciously accept supervision, conscientiously participate in the democratic 43 life and debriefing honesty responsibility, such as Real to the party organization to report personal matters, and to accept the supervision of the work and life of the normal, habits under the supervision of the exercise of power, to carry out the work. The fourth is to set an example for the strict enforcement of discipline. Leading cadres should take the lead in the maintenance of discipline of seriousness and authority, to dare to seriously, dare to struggle, dare to offend people, for misconduct not laissez faire, but do not indulge, not tolerate to ensure the party constitution of party compasses party put in place. (4) the majority of Party members and cadres to set high standards and hold the bottom line, consciously abide by the < code > and < rule >. One is to control the < standard > and < 25 cases >, tight Close connection with their own thoughts, practical work and life, efforts to solve the problems, to enhance the study and implement of the effectiveness and pertinence. The second is to establish a high standard and hold the bottom line, consciously in the self-discipline pursuit of high standards, strictly in the party away from the red line discipline, discipline, about the rules and know fear, distrust, the formation of the honor system, comply with the system, safeguard system of good habits. 44 Regulations and discipline regulations of < < New Revision of the Communist Party of China clean fingered self-discipline criterion > and < Chinese Communist Party Disciplinary Regulations > is the Party Central Committee in the new situation to promote the comprehensive strictly root of the lift, the regulations of the party construction of keeping pace with the times. We should study and implement the Standards > and < > as the primary political task, adhere to the party constitution duties, adhere to the discipline of, Ji Yan in law, the full implementation of supervision and discipline accountability responsibilities for coordination and promotion "four overall" strategic layout in XX District vivid practice to provide a strong guarantee. - Si Jian Wu, and effectively enhance the implementation of the implementation of the < code > < > The consciousness of General Secretary Xi pointed out that the party is in charge of the party, to manage the party; strictly, it can cure good party. Criterion > and < rule > keep pace with the times is our party to form a new potential strictly rules, to deepen understanding of the ruling law, is a comprehensive strictly, and strengthen the supervision within the party important grasper. Criterion > closely linked to the theme of self-discipline, self-discipline intensity-modulated, focusing on morality, for the majority of Party members and cadres set to see, feel the high 45 standard, show the Communists noble moral sentiment; District Ordinance < < rule > the constitution of discipline integration into a political discipline, organization and discipline, honesty and discipline, discipline of the masses, work discipline, discipline, emphasize discipline, focusing on established rules, to draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the bottom line. Party committees (party) to effectively strengthen the study and publicize the implementation of the < code > and < rule > the organization and leadership of criterion > and < > a full range, multi angle, deep publicity, the formation of study and publicize and implement the boom, in order to consolidate the development of good political environment to create a positive environment and atmosphere. The majority of Party members and cadres to strict requirements, the < rule > and < Ordinance cases > as a guide to action and behavior criterion, adhere to the moral standards and discipline of the bottom line, to maintain the discipline of worship and awe, learning, compliance, and maintain party discipline and rules of the model. The discipline inspection and supervision organs and cadres to the < code > and < > as the deepening of the "three", and strengthen supervision and discipline of accountability is important to follow correctly grasp the use of supervision and discipline of "four types", promote the comprehensive strictly in new 46 roots. Strict discipline, adhere to the discipline and rules quite in front of the enterprise in the implementation of expensive to implement to execute. The discipline inspection and supervision organs to implement the < code > and < Efforts to investigate cases > as an opportunity, adhere to the party should manage the party strictly, serious performance of their duties to promote two regulations implementation. Change discipline concept. From the simple "investigation of illegal" to a comprehensive "stare at violate discipline"; from the business case to prosecute the big cases and timely solve the signs of tilt to. From the orientation to the normal supervision; from the tube "minority" to resist the "most". Guide Party members and cadres to seriously implement the < code > and < rule >, consciously abide by the political, organizational, honest people, work, life six discipline. Urge the leadership cadres sent to play an exemplary role, take the lead in strictly enforced. Relaxation and rest Strong wind is Su Ji, closely linked to the "four winds" prone to multiple, the masses reflect the strong important nodes and, glued to the four winds "new form, new trends, seriously investigate and deal with violations of the central eight provisions of the spirit, to increase the bulletin exposure intensity, the formation of Chajiu" four winds "loudly, continue to release and discipline must be strict signal. At the same time, extended 47 supervision tentacles, through the development of the rural and fishery party conduct Lianzheng construction inspection, issued in a timely manner, Chajiu occurred in grassroots side of corruption and unhealthy, and earnestly safeguard the interests of the masses and social stability. The creativity and discipline. Grasp and make good use of the supervision and discipline of" four types ", to ensure the Promoting clues to lots of discipline and the law of the vacuum tube, strict together. Not only to the "less" and "very few" thorough investigation severely punished, but also the "most" to maintain zero tolerance trend through layers of conductive pressure, let the discipline about the rules for each party members and cadres consciously follow. At present, it is necessary to implement the "list" management, strictly follow the clues to the disposal of five standards, make the classification of disposal, dynamic cleanup. Zadok Party committees at all levels to implement the main responsibility, comprehensive use of disciplinary action and tissue processing and other means to effectively curb the commonplace, used to see do not blame the "small problem", not because of "practice" and "exception". Prominent Discipline characteristics, the problems of violation of discipline and rules into the focus of supervision and discipline and disciplinary review. At the same time, increase case double check 48 the intensity, the serious problems of discipline violations or "four winds" ban but not absolutely, not only to be held directly responsible, but also held leadership responsibility; not only to pursue studies the main responsibility of the Party committee, and to pursue Commission for Discipline Inspection and supervision responsibilities and promote accountability to become the new norm. The implementation of supervisory responsibility. Maintain < code > and < rule > the seriousness and authority of the discipline and rules and truly become the party's ruler. Discipline as supervision within the party the specialized agency, we must strengthen the responsibility to act, adhere to the Impartial discipline accountability, earnestly will be strict discipline, discipline must be punished, and severely punish the acts in violation of rules and regulations. 49