考研英语历年真题阅读理解精读笔记4

考研英语历年真 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 阅读理解精读笔记4 TEXT 4 The world is going through the biggest wave of mergers and acquisitions ever witnessed.The process sweeps from hyperactive America to Europe and reaches the emerging countries with unsurpassed might.Many in these countries are looking at this process and worrying: "Won’t the wave of business concentration turn into an uncontrollable anti-competitive force?" There’s no question that the big are getting bigger and more powerful.Multinational corporations accounted for less than 20% of international trade in 1982.Today the figure is more than 25% and growing rapidly.International affiliates account for a fast-growing segment of production in economies that open up and welcome foreign investment.In Argentina, for instance, after the reforms of the early 1990s, multinationals went from 43% to almost 70% of the industrial production of the 200 largest firms.This phenomenon has created serious concerns over the role of smaller economic firms, of national businessmen and over the ultimate stability of the world economy. I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave are the same that underlie the globalization process: falling transportation and communication costs, lower trade and investment barriers and enlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting customers’ demands.All these are beneficial, not detrimental, to consumers.As productivity grows, the world’s wealth increases. Examples of benefits or costs of the current concentration wave are scanty.Yet it is hard to imagine that the merger of a few oil firms today could re-create the same threats to competition that were feared nearly a century ago in the US, when the Standard Oil trust was broken up.The mergers of telecom companies, such as WorldCom, hardly seem to bring higher prices for consumers or a reduction in the pace of technical progress.On the contrary, the price of communications is coming down fast.In cars, too, concentration is increasing - witness Daimler and Chrysler, Renault and Nissan - but it does not appear that consumers are being hurt. Yet the fact remains that the merger movement must be watched.A few weeks ago, Alan Greenspan warned against the megamergers in the banking industry.Who is going to supervise, regulate and operate as lender of last resort with the gigantic banks that are being created? Won’t multinationals shift production from one place to another when a nation gets too strict about infringements to fair competition? And should one country take upon itself the role of "defending competition" on issues that affect many other nations, as in the US vs. Microsoft case? 63. What is the typical trend of businesses today? ,A, To take in more foreign funds. ,B, To invest more abroad. ,C, To combine and become bigger.,D, To trade with more countries. 64. According to the author, one of the driving forces behind M&A wave is . ,A, the greater customer demands,B, a surplus supply for the market ,C, a growing productivity,D, the increase of the world’s wealth 65. From paragraph 4 we can infer that . ,A, the increasing concentration is certain to hurt consumers ,B, WorldCom serves as a good example of both benefits and costs ,C, the costs of the globalization process are enormous ,D, the Standard Oil trust might have threatened competition 66. Toward the new business wave, the writer’s attitude can be said to be . ,A, optimistic,B, objective,C, pessimistic,D, biased 大纲单词,E5brC:d,ad.?到国外，在国外;?到处 ,E5kaunt,n.?账(目，户); ?叙述，说明;?价值，地位;v. (for) ?说明，解释;?占;? (take into-)考虑;顾及 ,7Akwi5ziFEn,n.获得，获得物 ,E5fekt,v.?影响;?感动 ,E5filieit,v.使隶属(或附属)于;n.附属机构，分公司 ,5Atitju:d,n.? (to, towards)态度，看法;?姿势 ,5C:WE,n.?作者;?创始人 ,5bAriE,n.?栅栏，屏障;?障碍(物) ,beni5fiFEl,a. (to)有利的，有益的 ,5benifit,n.利益，好处，恩惠;v.?有益于;? (from, by)受益 ,5baiEs,n./v.(使有)偏见，偏心，偏袒 ,5biznis,n.?商业，生意;?事务，业务， 职责 岗位职责下载项目部各岗位职责下载项目部各岗位职责下载建筑公司岗位职责下载社工督导职责.docx ;?企业;?贸易量;?行业，业务 ,5keipEbl,a.?有本领的，有能力的;? (of)可以„„的，能„„的 ,kEm5bain,v.? (with) (使)结合，联合;?(使)化合 ,kE7mju:ni5keiFEn,n.?通讯，传达;?,pl.,通讯系统;?,pl.,交通(工具); ?交流 ,kCmpi5tiFEn,n.?比赛;?竞争 ,kEm5petitiv,a.竞争的，比赛的 ,kEn5sE:n,v.?涉及，关系到;?(常与with, about, in连用)关心，挂念;?担心，担忧;n.?(利害)关系;?关心，挂念;?担心，担忧 3,5kCntrEri,a. (to)相反的，矛盾的，对抗的;n.?反对，矛盾;?相反，反面;?,pl.,对立物 ,7kC:pE5reiFEn,n.公司，企业，团体 ,kCst,n.成本，费用，代价;v.价值为，花费 ,kri:5eit,v.?创造，创作;?引起，造成，建立 ,5kQrEnt,n.?电流，水流，气流;?潮流，趋势;a.?当前的，现在的;?通用的，流行的，最近的 ,7i:kE5nCmik,a.经济(上)的，经济学的 ,i(:)5kCnEmi,n.?节约;?经济 ,i5mE:dV,v.浮现，出现 ,in5lB:dV,v.扩大，放大，增大 ,i5nC:mEs,a.巨大的，庞大的 ,fZE,a.?公平的，合理的;?相当的，尚好的;?晴朗的;?金发的;n.集市，交易会，博览会 ,5figE,n.?体形;?数字;?图形;?人物;v. (out)算出，估计，推测 ,fE:m,a.?坚固的，稳固的;?坚决的，坚定的;n.公司，商号 ,fQnd,n.资金，基金;v.资助，投资 ,dVai5gAntik,a.巨大的，庞大的 ,in5dQstriEl,a.工业的，产业的 ,in5fE:,v.推论，推断 ,5instEns,n.例子，事例，例证 ,in5vest,v.投资 ,in5vestmEnt,n.投资，投资额 ,5iFu:,v.?流出，放出;?发行，发表，颁布;n.?发行(物), (报刊)期 号;?问题，争论点，争端 ,5lEuE,a.较低的，下级的，下游的;v.降下，放低 ,5mAsiv,a.?大而重的，厚实的，粗大的;?大规模的，大量的 ,Eb5dVektiv,n.目标，目的;a.客观的，真实的 ,7Cpti5mistik,a.乐观主义的 ,peis,n.步，步伐;v.踱步 ,7pesi5mistik,a.悲观(主义)的 ,fi5nCminEn,n.,pl.phenomena,现象 ,5pauEful,a.强大的，有力的，有权的 ,prE5ses,n.?过程，进程;?工序，制作法;?工艺;v.加工，处理 ,7prCdQk5tiviti,n.生产力 ,ri5dQkFEn,n.减小，缩小 ,ri5fC:m,v./n.改革，改造，改良 regulate,5regjuleit,v.?管制，控制;?调节，校准 ,ri5zC:t,v. (to)求助，诉诸，凭借;n.?手段;?胜地 ,rEul,n.?角色;?作用，任务 ,5segmEnt,n.段，片，节，部分 ,Fift,v.?替换，转移;?移动;n.?转换，转变;?(轮)班，(换)班 ,stE5biliti,n.稳定，安定 ,5sju:pEvaiz,v.管理，监督 ,5sE:plEs,n.过剩，剩余;a.过剩的，剩余的 ,Wret,n.?恐吓，威胁;?坏兆头，危险迹象 ,5Wretn,v.?恐吓，威胁;?有„„危险，快要来临 ,trend,n.倾向，趋势;v.伸向，倾向 ,5tipikEl,a. (of)典型的，有代表性的 ,5Qltimit,a.?最后的，最终的;?根本的 ,7QndE5lai,vt.位于...之下，成为...的基础 witness,5witnis,n.?目击者，证人;?证据，证明;v.?目击，目睹;?作证 ,5raitE,n.作者，作家超纲单词,E5kC:diN,ad.依照，根据 ,5biznismAn,n.商人 ,7kCnsen5treiFEn,n.集中，集合，合并 ,kEn5sju:mE,n.消费者 ,7detri5mentl,a.有害的 1,7glEubElai5zeiFEn;,n.全球化，全球性 ,7haipE(:)5rAktiv,a.活动过度的，极度活跃的 ,in5frindVmEnt,n.违反，侵害 ,5mAgE5mE:dVE,n.大规模合并 ,5mE:dVE,n.合并，归并 ,mQlti5nAFEn(E)l,a.多国的，跨国公司的;n.跨国公司 ,5skAnti,a.缺乏的，稀疏的 ,5telEkCm,n. (=telecommunication)电信 ,7trAnspC:5teiFEn,n.运输，运送 ,5QnsE(:)5pB:st,a.未被凌驾的，非常卓越的难句剖析难句1International affiliates account for a fast-growing segment of production in economies that open up and welcome foreign investment. ,结构 分析 定性数据统计分析pdf销售业绩分析模板建筑结构震害分析销售进度分析表京东商城竞争战略分析 ,1. 本句句子主干是:International affiliates account for a fast-growing segment of production in economies; 2. 其后的that引导的从句是economies的定语从句，that在从句中作主语; ,本句难点,主要是一些单词含义的理解; , 方法 快递客服问题件处理详细方法山木方法pdf计算方法pdf华与华方法下载八字理论方法下载 对策,affiliates:分公司，分支结构;account for:说明，是„„的原因;economies:本处指国家;open up:开发，开放; ,例句精译,在那些对外开放并鼓励外资的国家的经济中，国际分公司在国民生产中成为一个快速增长的部门。 难句2I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave are the same that underlie the globalization process: falling transportation and communication costs, lower trade and investment barriers and enlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting customers’ demands. ,结构分析,1. 本句主干结构是:I believe +that引导的宾语从句; 2. 宾语从句中主干结构是:the ... forces ... are the same +that引导的定语从句; 3. 冒号后面的部分是the most important forces的同位语，其中market后面的定语从句修饰说明market; ,本句难点,主要是宾语结构复杂;其中the same that为省略成分，补全为:the same (as the one) that, that作为定语从句修饰the one ; ,方法对策,主干比较好把握，其后的宾语从句中，找出主干结构，并注意the same后面的省略成分，这样就比较好理解本句了; ,例句精译,我认为，推动这股巨大的并购浪潮的最主要的力量，也是推动全球化进程的最主要的力量，包括交通、通讯成本的下降，贸易和投资壁垒减少，以及市场的扩大和为满足消费者需求而进行的生产的扩大。 答案解析63. ,答案, C ,解析, 64. ,答案, A ,解析,文章第三段首句谈到推动企业合并的三大因素，其中之一是:“市场的扩大和为满足消费者需求而进行的生产的扩大。”故选A. 65. ,答案, D ,解析,这是一道推理题。问:“从第四段，我们可以推出什么,”四段中谈到企业的合并很有可能造成垄断并形成某一企业在该行业的霸王作风，比如当年美国 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 石油信托公司合并时，人们对它有这种担心从而导致了它的解体。所以我们可以推论出D为正确答案，其中，might have done 这种过去的虚拟形式，我们在03年的阅读第一篇中作过类似讲解。 66. ,答案, B ,解析,这是一道问作者态度的问题，作者在第四段讲述了当今的并购不会像一个世纪以前那样对竞争产生威胁，并以电信业、汽车业的并购为例说明了消费者不会因此而受到利益上的损失。似乎从中可以看出作者对并购的肯定态度。但是在第五段，作者笔锋一转，认为对 这种并购必须加以密切关注，并提到格林斯潘对银行并购的警告。由此可见，作者是以一种客观的视角来审视当前的并购浪潮:既提到了其带来的利益实惠，又提出了一些经济人士警告。因此，作者是在客观地谈论这一并购浪潮。全文精译 世界正在经历一场前所未有的巨大的合并和兼并浪潮。这个浪潮从异常活跃的美国席卷到欧洲，并以巨大的威力影响到正在崛起的国家。这些国家的许多人面对这个浪潮开始忧虑:“企业合并的浪潮会不会变成一股不可控制的反竞争的力量," 毫无疑问，大企业正在变得更大、更强。跨国公司在1982年只占有国际贸易不到20%的份额。而现在，这个数字上升到25%强，并且还在迅速上升。在那些对外开放并鼓励外资的国家的经济中，国际分公司在国民生产中成为一个快速增长的部门。比如，在阿根廷，经过90年代初的改革之后，在工业产值200强的企业中，跨国公司已从占43%增加到占70%。这个现象造成了人们对小型企业和民族资本的作用以及世界经济的最终稳定的严重忧虑。 我认为，推动这股巨大的并购浪潮的最主要的力量，也是推动全球化进程的最主要的力量，包括交通、通讯成本的下降，贸易和投资壁垒减少，以及市场的扩大和为满足消费者需求而进行的生产的扩大。所有这些对消费者来说都是有益而无害的。随着生产力的提高，世界的财富也在增长。 目前证明经济集中化是利还是弊的实例并不多。但是很难想像当今的几个石油公司的合并会重新造成约100年前美国标准石油信托公司对竞争造成的同样的威胁，那时由于人们对该公司的这种担心而导致了它最终的解散。而像世界通讯这样的通讯公司合并似乎并没有给消费者带来更高的价格，或者降低技术进步的速度。相反，通信的价格在迅速下降。在汽车行业，这种合并的趋势也同样在增加--比如戴姆勒与克莱斯勒，雷诺与尼桑的合并--但消费者看起来并未受到伤害。 但事实是我们必须关注这次合并浪潮。几星期以前，格林斯潘对银行业的巨大合并发出了警告。如果合并后如此巨大的银行出现，谁来充当最终的借贷者，发挥监督、调控的作用并运营它呢,当一个国家对破坏公平竞争的行为的处理过于严厉时，跨国公司会不会把它们的生产从一国转到另一国呢,在那些将会影响许多其他国家的事情中，如美国政府与微软公司的诉讼案，一个国家是否应该担负起“保护竞争”的责任呢, 63. 当今企业的典型发展趋势是什么, ,A, 吸收更多的外国资金。 ,B, 到海外进行更多投资。 ,C, 合并然后变得更大。,D, 与更多的国家贸易往来。 64. 根据作者的观点，合并浪潮的一个推动力是. ,A, 更大的消费者需求,B, 市场供应过剩 ,C, 日益增长的生产力,D, 全球财富的增加 65. 从第四段，我们可推知:. ,A, 日益增多的合并必定会损害消费者的利益 ,B, 世界电信的合并是合并既有利又有弊的极好典范 ,C, 全球一体化进程的成本巨大 ,D, 标准石油信托公司原本是很可能影响到竞争的 66. 作者对新的企业合并浪潮的态度可以说是. ,A, 乐观的 ,B, 客观的 ,C, 悲观的 ,D, 有偏袒的TEXT 5 When I decided to quit my full time employment it never occurred to me that I might become a part of a new international trend.A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress prompted me to abandon my relatively high profile career although, in the manner of a disgraced government minister, I covered my exit by claiming "I wanted to spend more time with my family." Curiously, some two-and-a-half years and two novels later, my experiment in what the Americans term "downshifting" has turned my tired excuse into an absolute reality.I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of " have it all " , preached by Linda Kelsey for the past seven years in the pages of She magazine, into a woman who is happy to settle for a bit of everything. I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build-up of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of "juggling your life" , and making the alternative move into "downshifting" brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status.Nothing could persuade me to return to the kind of life Kelsey used to advocate and I once enjoyed: 12-hour working days, pressured deadlines, the fearful strain of office politics and the limitations of being a parent on "quality time." In America, the move away from juggling to a simpler, less materialistic lifestyle is a well-established trend.Downshifting - also known in America as "voluntary simplicity" - has, ironically, even bred a new area of what might be termed anti-consumerism.There are a number of bestselling downshifting self-help books for people who want to simplify their lives;there are newsletters, such as The Tightwad Gazette, that give hundreds of thousands of Americans useful tips on anything from recycling their cling-film to making their own soap;there are even support groups for those who want to achieve the mid-’90s equivalent of dropping out. While in America the trend started as a reaction to the economic decline - after the mass redundancies caused by downsizing in the late ‘80s - and is still linked to the politics of thrift, in Britain, at least among the middle class downshifters of my acquaintance, we have different reasons for seeking to simplify our lives. For the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling through the ‘80s, downshifting in the mid-’90s is not so much a search for the mythical good life - growing your own organic vegetables, and risking turning into one - as a personal recognition of your limitations. 67. Which of the following is true according to paragraph 1? ,A, Full-time employment is a new international trend. ,B, The writer was compelled by circumstances to leave her job. ,C, "A lateral move" means stepping out of full-time employment. ,D, The writer was only too eager to spend more time with her family. 68. The writer’s experiment shows that downshifting . ,A, enables her to realize her dream ,B, helps her mold a new philosophy of life ,C, prompts her to abandon her high social status ,D, leads her to accept the doctrine of She magazine 69. "Juggling one’s life" probably means living a life characterized by . ,A, non-materialistic lifestyle,B, a bit of everything ,C, extreme stress,D, anti-consumerism 70. According to the passage, downshifting emerged in the US as a result of . ,A, the quick pace of modern life ,B, man’s adventurous spirit ,C, man’s search for mythical experiences ,D, the economic situation 大纲单词,E5bAndEn,v.?放弃;?抛弃;?放纵，放任 ,5AbsElu:t,a.绝对的，完全的 ,E5tFi:v,v.?完成，实现;?达到，达成，获得 ,E5kweintEns,n.熟人，相识 ,5AdvEkeit,n.提倡者，鼓吹者;v.提倡，鼓吹 ,C:l5tE:nEtiv,a.两者挑一的;n.可供选择的事物，替换物，选择对象 ,bri:d,v.?(使)繁殖，生殖;?产生，引起;?教养，抚养，饲养;n.品种，种类 ,kE5riE,n.?生涯，经历;?专业，职业 ,5kAriktEraiz,v.?表示„„的特性;?描述„„的特性 ,5sE:kEmstEns,n.?,pl.,情况，形势，环境;?经济情形，境况 ,kleim,v.?要求;?声称，主张;?索赔;n.?要求;?主张，断言;?索赔;?权利，要求权，所有权 ,kliN,v.? (to)粘住;?依附;?坚持 ,kEm5pel,v.强迫，迫使 ,5dedlain,n.最后期限 ,di5klain,v./n.?下倾，下降，下垂，衰落;?斜面，倾斜;v.拒绝，谢绝 ,dis5greis,n.失宠，耻辱;v.?使失宠;?玷辱，使蒙羞 ,5dCktrin,n.教义，教条，主义 ,7i:kE5nCmik,a.经济(上)的，经济学的 ,i5mE:dV,v.浮现，出现 ,im5plCimEnt,n.?雇佣;?使用;?工作，职业 ,i5neibl,v.使能够，使成为可能 ,i5kwivElEnt,a. (to)相等的，等价的，等值的;n.相等物，等价物，等值物 ,is5tAbliF,v.?建立，设立;?安置，使定居;?确定，证实 ,5eksit,n.?出口，通道;?退场，退出 ,iks5piEriEns,n.经验，经历;v.体验，经历 ,iks5tri:m,a.?末端的，尽头的;?极度的，极端的;n.?极端;?最大程度;?极度(状态) ,5fiEful,a.可怕的 ,fai5nAnFEl,a.财政的，金融的 ,leit,a.?迟的，晚的，晚期的;?已故的;?最近的;ad.迟，晚 ,5lAtErEl,n.侧面的，旁边的 ,li:d,v.?领导，引导;?领先，占首位;? (to)通向，导致，引起;?经验，过(生活); n.带领，引导;n.铅 ,7limi5teiFEn,n.限制，局限性 ,liNk,v.连接，联系;n.环节，链环 ,5mAnE,n.?方式，方法;?态度，举止;?,pl.,风度，礼貌;?规矩;?风俗 ,mi:nz,n.方法，手段 ,mEuld,n.?模子，铸型;?霉菌;v.浇铸，造型，塑造 ,5nCvEl,n.(长篇)小说;a.新奇的，新颖的 ,C:5gAnik,a.?器官的;?有机的;?有机体的 ,peis,n.步，步伐;v.踱步 ,fi5lCsEfi,n.哲学 ,5pClitiks,n.?政治，政治学;?政纲，政见 preac,pri:tF,v.?宣讲(教义)，布道;?竭力鼓吹，宣传;?讲道，说教 ,5preFE(r),n.?压(力); ?强制，压迫，压强;v.强制，迫使 ,prE5feFEnl,a.职业的，专业的，专门的;n.专家，专业人员 ,5prEufail,n.?侧面(像); ?轮廓，外形;?人物简介;?态度，姿态 ,prCmpt,a.敏捷的，迅速的，即刻的;v.激起，促进，推动 ,kwit,v.?离开，退出;?停止，放弃，辞职 ,ri(:)5Aliti,n.?现实，实际;?真实 ,5ri:zn,n.?理由，原因;?理性，理智;v.?推论，推理;?说服，评理;?讨论，辩论 ,7rekEg5niFEn,n.?认出，辨认;?承认 ,5ri:5saikl,v.使再循环，反复应用;n.再循环，再生，重复利用 ,ri5zQlt,n.结果，成果，成绩;v.? (in)导致，结果是;? (from)起因于，因„„而造成 r,ri5wC:d,n. (for)报酬，赏金，奖赏;v.? (for)酬劳，奖赏;?酬谢，报答，奖酬 ,risk,v.冒„„的危险;n.风险，危险 ,sim5plisiti,n.?简单，简易;?朴素;?直率，单纯 ,5simplifai,v.简化，使单纯 ,5sEuFEl,a.?社会的;?交际的;n.社交活动 ,5steitEs,n.?地位，身份;?情形，状况 ,strein,n.?过多的疲劳，紧张;?张力，应变;v.?扭伤，拉伤;?拉紧，扯紧;?紧张，尽力 ,stres,n.?压力，应力;?重音;v.强调，着重 ,Wrift,n.节俭，节约 ,trAns5fC:m,v.?改变，变换;?变压;?转化;?改造 ,trend,n.倾向，趋势;v.伸向，倾向 ,E:dV,v.?催促，力劝;?强烈希望;?鼓励，促进;n.强烈欲望，迫切要求 ,5vClEntEri,a.自愿的，志愿的 ,5raitE,n.作者，作家超纲单词,E5kC:diN,ad.依照，根据 ,Ed5ventFErEs,a.喜欢冒险的，敢做敢为的 ,7best5seliN,a.畅销的 ,kEn5sju:mEriz(E)m,n.消费主义 ,5daun7Fift,v.?(汽车等)调低速档;?(引申义)降低生活节奏 ,5daun7FiftE,n.过俭朴生活的人，放慢生活节奏的人 ,5daun7saiz,vt.缩小尺寸，减小规模 ,5editEFip,n.编辑的地位，职位 ,aiE5rCnikEli,ad.说反话地，讽刺地 ,5dVQgl,vi.?杂耍;?同时做(两种以上活动等) ,5laifstail,n.生活方式 ,mE7tiEriE5listik,a.唯物论的，唯物主义的 ,,a.神话的，虚构的 ,5njU:z7letE(r),n.业务通讯 ,5pAFEnit,a.热情的，激昂的 ,5pQblisaiz,v.宣扬 ,ri(:)5AkFEn,n.反应，反作用 ,ri5dQndEnsi,n.冗余 ,5relEtivli,ad.相关地 ,7rezig5neiFEn,n.辞职，放弃难句剖析难句1A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress prompted me to abandon my relatively high profile career although, in the manner of a disgraced government minister, I covered my exit by claiming "I wanted to spend more time with my family." ,结构分析,1. 本句句子主干是:A lateral move ... prompted me to ...; 2. move后面是that引导的定语从句，修饰a lateral move, that在从句作主语; 3. 第一个逗号后面的是状语成分，两个逗号之间的部分是插入语; ,本句难点,从句结构复杂，包含定语从句和长状语成分，且包含插入语; ,方法对策,首先找出主句和从句的主干结构，然后再分析其他结构成分; ,例句精译,一次平级的人事调动伤了我的自尊心，并阻断了我的事业发展，这促使我放 弃自己地位较高的职业，当然，就像面子扫尽的政府部长那样，我也掩饰说“我想多陪陪家 人”. 难句2I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of " have it all " , preached by Linda Kelsey for the past seven years in the pages of She magazine, into a woman who is happy to settle for a bit of everything. ,结构分析,1. 本句主干结构是:I have been transformed from a passionate advocate ... into a woman...; 2. 两个逗号之间的部分补充说明the philosophy of " have it all " ，可以看作是 插入语; 3. woman后面的who引导定语从句，修饰woman, who在从句中作主语; ,本句难点,句子主干包含一个transform from ... into ... 的结构，并且本句还包含插入语 和定语从句; ,方法对策,首先找出主句的主干结构，找出from ... into ... 结构，再分析其他成分; ,例 句精译,我现在已变成了很容易心满意足的女人，而以前我却曾是“拥有一切，各方面都要 争强”这一哲学的狂热拥护者。(该哲学是林达?凯尔茜女士过去七年中在《她》这本杂志里 拼命鼓吹的。) 难句3I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build-up of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of "juggling your life" , and making the alternative move into "downshifting" brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status. ,结构分析,1. 本句主干结构是:I have discovered ... + that引导的宾语从句; 2. as引导的句子是伴随状语，可以看作是插入语; 3. 在that引导的宾语从句中，主语是两个动名词短语:abandoning ... and making ...，谓语是brings; ,本句难点,主要是句子结构复杂; ,方法对策,首先找出主句主干，然后分析宾语从句以及其他修饰成分; ,例句精译,我已经发现(由于压力过大，凯尔茜已多次公开宣称要辞去《她》杂志编辑的职务，在这之后她也许会同样发现):放弃“忙忙碌碌”的生活哲学，转而过一种“放慢生活节奏”的生活所带来的回报，比经济成功和社会地位更有价值。 难句4Downshifting - also known in America as "voluntary simplicity" - has, ironically, even bred a new area of what might be termed anti-consumerism. ,结构分析,1. 本句主干结构是:Downshifting ... has ... bred a new area...; 2. 两个破折号之间的部分是插入语，是对downshifting的进一步说明; ,本句难点,插入语的影响;部分生词的影响; ,方法对策,downshifting:本来指开车时减档减速，这里比喻指放慢生活节奏; anti-consumerism:反消费主义; ,例句精译,具有讽刺意味的是，“放慢生活节奏”(在美国也称“自愿简单化”)甚至孕育了一个崭新的、可称之为反消费主义的生活方式。 难句5For the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling through the ‘80s, downshifting in the mid-’90s is not so much a search for the mythical good life - growing your own organic vegetables, and risking turning into one - as a personal recognition of your limitations. ,结构分析,1. 本句主干结构为:... downshifting ... is not ... ; 2. 第一个逗号之前为状语成分，其中包含一个who引导的定语从句修饰the women of my generation; 3. 两个破折号之间是对the mythical good life的进一步说明，也是插入语; 4.本句包含一个词组结构:not so much A as B:与其说是A，不如说是B; ,本句难点,句子结构和从句关系都复杂; ,方法对策,首先找出句子的主干结构，然后再分析其他成分，注意其中的词组结构:not so much ... as ... 的用法; ,例句精译,对我们这一代女性来说，整个80年代我们曾被迫忙碌地生活，90年代中期的简化生活与其说是寻求神话般的好生活--自己种有机蔬菜并试图把自己也变成这样--倒不如说我们都认识了自身的局限。 答案解析67. ,答案, B ,解析,在美国这个竞争达到白热化的社会中，每个人都被迫为了生存而忙忙碌碌。作者无意中放慢了生活节奏，就像开车人换了“低档”，却发现了一个像陶渊明讲的“采菊东篱下，悠然见南山”那样的“世外桃源”. A.全职工作是一种新的“国际潮流”吗,文章没讲，倒是辞职成了“国际潮流”. C.作者辞职是想“多陪陪家人”吗,不，这只是她辞职的借口，真正原因是调动但却没有升级，既然“平级调动”，那干嘛要调呢，太没有面子了吧,～所以选B。至于C.“平级调动”就意味着要辞职吗,那不一定，平级调动不一定要辞职。所以，照抄原文的，小心是陷阱～ 68. ,答案, B ,解析,D的观点与文章相矛盾，C不与生活节奏的“换低档”成因果关系。至于A则没提: 辞职和放慢生活节奏一开始并不是为了“使她能够实现自己的梦想”而是迫于形势。反而是辞职后尝到了甜头，使她对生活重新有了看法，所以选B. 69. ,答案, C ,解析,词汇题，从第三段看上、下文可知“juggling one’s life”是凯尔茜所宣扬的“doctrine" ，并且与生活的“down shifting”相反，所以“juggling one’s life”是指那种:“每天12个小时的工作日，压得人喘不过气来的最后期限„„" 。与A、B、D的意思都相矛盾，故选C. 70. ,答案, D ,解析,问题: "down shifting”在美国是因何引起的,原文讲“在美国”，它是由“经济衰落”引起的(没有工作，上不了班，只好放慢节奏，让生活“换低档”) ，而在英国则不同，是人们的一种追求。至于A、B、C，人们不仅不会“换低档”，反而可能更紧张地工作“换高档”. 全文精译 当我决定辞去自己的全职工作时决没有想到，自己竟成了一种新的国际性潮流的一分子。一次平级的人事调动伤了我的自尊心，并阻断了我的事业发展，这促使我放弃自己 地位较高的职业，当然，就像面子扫尽的政府部长那样，我也掩饰说“我想多陪陪家人”. 奇怪的是，大约两年半的时间我写完两部小说后，我这个被美国人称为“换低档”的试验，却使我老掉牙的借口变成了现实。我现在已变成了很容易心满意足的女人，而以前我却曾是“拥有一切，各方面都要争强”这一哲学的狂热拥护者。(该哲学是林达?凯尔茜女士过去七年中在《她》这本杂志里拼命鼓吹的。) 我已经发现(由于压力过大，凯尔茜已多次公开宣称要辞去《她》杂志编辑的职务，在这之后她也许会同样发现):放弃“忙忙碌碌”的生活哲学，转而过一种“放慢生活节奏”的生活所带来的回报，比经济成功和社会地位更有价值。现在什么也说服不了我回到过去那种凯尔茜所宣扬的、我也曾自得其乐的生活中去:每天12小时的工作日，压得人喘不过气来的最后期限，可怕而紧张的办公室的争权夺利，为人父、母的“最佳时间”的限制。 在美国，摆脱忙碌，转而过一种简单、不大物质化的生活已成明确趋势。具有讽刺意味的是，“放慢生活节奏”(在美国也称“自愿简单化”)甚至孕育了一个崭新的、可称之为反消费主义的生活方式。对于那些想过简单生活的人来说，有许多很畅销的帮你轻松生活的自助书籍;有各种简讯，例如省钱简报，会给美国人提供成千上万条有用的点子去做事，从回收保鲜膜到自制肥皂;甚至还有一些互助小组，帮人按90年代中期脱离传统社会的人的生活方式去生活。 在美国，这种趋势一开始是对经济衰落所做出的一种反应(出现于80年代后期缩小经济规模导致大规模裁员之后，目前这种趋势仍被认为与节俭政治有关联)，然而在英国，至少在我所认识的中产阶级的朋友“换低档者”之间，生活简单化的理由却是不同的。 对我们这一代女性来说，整个80年代我们曾被迫忙碌地生活，90年代中期的简化生活与其说是寻求神话般的好生活--自己种有机蔬菜并试图把自己也变成这样--倒不如说我们都认识了自身的局限。 67. 根据第一段，下面哪项说法正确, ,A, 全职工作是一种新的国际潮流。 ,B, 作者因环境被迫辞去工作。 ,C, “平级调动”意味着要辞去全职工作。 ,D, 作者仅仅是非常想多花一些时间与家人在一起。 68. 作者的尝试表明:放慢生活节奏. ,A, 使她能够实现自己的梦想 ,B, 帮助她形成了新的人生观 ,C, 促使她放弃了较高的社会地位 ,D, 导致她接受《她》杂志的观念 69. "Juggling one’s life”可能指的是过一种具有特征的生活。 ,A, 非实物主义生活方式 ,B, 很容易满足 ,C, 极度紧张,D, 反消费主义 70. 根据 ,A, 快节奏的现代生活,B, 人们的冒险精神 ,C, 人们对神话般经历追求,D, 经济形势 2000考研英语真题阅读理解 精读笔记 TEXT 1 A history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, but, if properly handled, it may become a driving force.When the United States entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War, it had a market eight times larger than any competitor, giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale.Its scientists were the world’s best, its workers the most skilled.America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians whose economies the war had destroyed. It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as other countries grew richer.Just as inevitably, the retreat from predominance proved painful.By the mid-1980s Americans had found themselves at a loss over their fading industrial competitiveness.Some huge American industries, such as consumer electronics, had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreign competition.By 1987 there was only one American television maker left, Zenith.(Now there is none: Zenith was bought by South Korea’s LG Electronics in July.)Foreign-made cars and textiles were sweeping into the domestic market.America’s machine-tool industry was on the ropes.For a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors, which America had invented and which sat at the heart of the new computer age, was going to be the next casualty. All of this caused a crisis of confidence.Americans stopped taking prosperity for granted.They began to believe that their way of doing business was failing, and that their incomes would therefore shortly begin to fall as well.The mid-1980s brought one inquiry after another into the causes of America’s industrial decline.Their sometimes sensational findings were filled with warnings about the growing competition from overseas. How things have changed! In 1995 the United States can look back on five years of solid growth while Japan has been struggling.Few Americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the turning of the business cycle.Self-doubt has yielded to blind pride. "American industry has changed its structure, has gone on a diet, has learnt to be more quick-witted," according to Richard Cavanaugh, executive dean of Harvard’s Kennedy School of Government. "It makes me proud to be an American just to see how our businesses are improving their productivity," says Stephen Moore of the Cato Institute, a think-tank in Washington, D.C.And William Sahlman of the Harvard Business School believes that people will look back on this period as "a golden age of business management in the United States." 51. The US achieved its predominance after World War II because. ,A, it had made painstaking efforts towards this goal ,B, its domestic market was eight times larger than before ,C, the war had destroyed the economies of most potential competitors ,D, the unparalleled size of its workforce had given an impetus to its economy 52. The loss of US predominance in the world economy in the 1980s is manifested in the fact that the American. ,A, TV industry had withdrawn to its domestic market ,B, semiconductor industry had been taken over by foreign enterprises ,C, machine-tool industry had collapsed after suicidal actions ,D, auto industry had lost part of its domestic market 53. What can be inferred from the passage? ,A, It is human nature to shift between self-doubt and blind pride. ,B, Intense competition may contribute to economic progress. ,C, The revival of the economy depends on international cooperation. ,D, A long history of success may pave the way for further development. 54. The author seems to believe the revival of the US economy in the 1990s can be attributed to the. ,A, turning of the business cycle,B, restructuring of industry ,C, improved business management,D, success in education 大纲单词,E5tFi:v,v.?完成，实现;?达到，达成，获得 ,5AkFEn,n.?行动，行为;?动作，活动;? (on)作用 ,E5tribju(:)t,n.属性，品质，特征;v.? (to)把„„归于;?认为„„是„„所为 ,5C:WE,n.?作者;?创始人 ,5C:tEu,n.汽车 ,5biznis,n.?商业，生意;?事务，业务，职责;?企业;?贸易量;?行 业，业务 ,5kAVjuElti,n.?伤亡人员;?受害人(物) ,kE5lAps,v./n.倒坍，崩溃，垮台 ,kCmpi5tiFEn,n.?比赛;?竞争 confidence,5kCnfidEns,n.? (in)信任;?信心，自信;?秘密，机密 ,kEn5tribju:t,v.? (to)贡献，捐助，捐献;?投稿 ,5kraisis,n. (,pl.,crises)危机，紧要关头 ,5saikl,n.?自行车;?周期，循环;v.?骑自行车;?循环 ,di:n,n.(大学)院长，主持牧师，(基督教)教长 ,di5klain,v./n.?下倾，下降，下垂，衰落;?斜面，倾斜;v.拒绝，谢绝 ,di5pend,v. (on)取决于，依靠，信赖，相信 ,5daiEt,n.饮食，食物 ,dE5mestik,a.?家里的;?本国的;?驯养的 ,daut,n./v.怀疑，疑虑 ,7i:kE5nCmik,a.经济(上)的，经济学的 ,i(:)5kCnEmi,n.?节约;?经济 ,5entEpraiz,n.?事业，企(事)业单位;?事业心，进取心 exec,ig5zekjutiv,n.总经理，董事，行政负责人;a.执行的，实施的 ,feid,v.?褪色;?衰减，消失 ,5faindiN,n.?发现，发现物;?,常pl.,调查(研究)结果 ,glEu,v.发热，发光，发红;n.白热 ,grEuW,n.生长，增长，发展 ,5hAndikAp,v.妨碍，使不利;n.?(身体或智力方面的)缺陷;?障碍，不利条件 ,5hAndl,n.柄，把手，拉手;v.?处理，对待，操纵;?触，摸，抚养 ,5impitEs,n.推动(力)，促进 ,in5dQstriEl,a.工业的，产业的 ,in5evitEbl,a.不可避免的，必然发生的 ,in5fE:,v.推论，推断 ,in5kwaiEri,n.询问，打听，调查 ,5institju:t,n.?学会，研究所;?学院;v.设立，设置，制定 ,in5tens,a.?强烈的，剧烈的;?热烈的，热情的 ,in5vent,v.?发明，创造;?捏造，虚构 ,5mAnidVmEnt,n.?经营，管理;?管理部门 ,5mAnifest,v.表明，证明，显示;a.明白的，明了的 ,5neitFE,n.?自然界，大自然;?性质，本性，天性 ,5CbviEs,a.明显的，显而易见的 ,5EuvE5si:z,a.外国的，海外的;ad.在海外 pain,5peinful,a.疼痛的，使痛苦的 ,peiv,v.铺砌，铺(路) ,pE5tenF(E)l,a.?潜在的，可能的;?势的，位的;n.潜能，潜力 ,7prCdQk5tiviti,n.生产力 ,prCs5periti,n.繁荣，兴旺 ,5prCspErEs,a.繁荣的，兴旺的 ,ri5tri:t,v./n.撤退，退却 ,rEup,n.绳，索 ,skeil,n.?刻度，标度;?天平，磅秤;?比例尺;?规模;?音阶;?鱼鳞 ,sku:l,n.?学校;?(大学里的)学院，系;?学派，流派 ,5semikEn5dQktE,n.半导体 ,Fift,v.?替换，转移;?移动;n.?转换，转变;?(轮)班，(换)班 ,FriNk,v.?起皱，收缩;?退缩，畏缩 ,skild,a.熟练的 ,5strQktFE,n.?结构，构造;?建筑物;v.构造，建造 ,tANk,n.?罐，槽，箱;?坦克;?(智囊)团 ,5tekstail,n.纺织品;a.纺织的 ,5vAniF,v.消失，消散 ,wit,n.智力，才智;v.知道，得知 ,wiT5drC:,v.?收回，撤消;?缩回，退出;?提取(钱) ,ji:ld,v.?出产，生长;? (to)屈服，服从;n.产量，收获超纲单词 ,E5kC:diN,ad.依照，根据 ,kEm5petitivnis,n.竞争 ,kEm5petitE,n.竞争者 ,kEn5sju:mE,n.消费者 ,kEu7CpE5reiFEn,n.合作，协作 ,5dredful,a.可怕的 ,ilek5trCniks,n.电子学 ,in5evitEbli,ad.不可避免 ,5peinsteikiN,n.苦干，辛苦;a.辛苦的，艰苦的 ,pri5dCminEns,n.优势 ,5praimEsi,n.首位 ,ri5strQktFE,vt.更改结构，重建构造，调整，改组 ,ri5vaivEl,n.苏醒，复兴，复活，再生效，复苏 ,sen5seiFEnEl,a.耸人听闻的 ,5sEu(l)li,ad.独自地，单独地 ,sjui5saidl,a.自杀的，自取灭亡的 ,Qn5pArEleld,a.无与伦比的，空前的 ,5wC:niN,n.警告，通知，预兆 ,5zeniW,n.顶点，顶峰难句剖析难句1A history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, but, if properly handled, it may become a driving force. ,结构分析,1. 本句是一个用转折连词but连接的并列句; 2. but和第二个分句之间又插入了一个if引导省略了主语和谓语的条件状语从句 if (a history of long and effortless success is)properly handled ,本句难点,本句主要考转折连词;其中:effortless:毫不费力的;handicap:障碍，不利因 素; ,方法对策,看清楚本句是转折连词but连接的两个并列句; ,例句精译,一段长时间并且不费力而成功的历史可能成为一种可怕的不利因素，但若处 理得当，这种不利因素也有可能转化为一种积极的推动力。 难句2For a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors, which America had invented and which sat at the heart of the new computer age, was going to be the next casualty. ,结构分析,1. 本句主干结构为:... it looked + 表语从句; 2. 表语从句中主语是the making of semiconductors,谓语是was going to be，宾语是the next casulty; 3. 表语从句中又包含两个并列的which引导的定语从句，这两个定语从句位于两个逗号之 间，可以看作插入成分; ,本句难点,难度主要体现在从句的嵌套; ,方法对策,首先分清主从句关系，然后分析各自的主干成分，两个逗号之间的插入语第 一遍阅读可以忽略; ,例句精译,人们曾一度感觉下一个在海外品牌面前全军覆没的似乎该轮到美国的半导体 制造业了，而在新计算机时代有着核心作用的半导体正是美国人发明的。 难句3Few Americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the turning of the business cycle. ,结构分析,1. 本句主干结构是:Few Americans attribute this ... to ...; 2. 注意后面的举例:such ... as ... or ... ,or 表示后面所举的两个例子是并列关系，as所引导的部分是such obvious causes的宾语补足语; ,本句难点,本句主要是作者阐述的一个自己的观点，没有几个人这样认为，实际上作者这样认为; ,方法对策,本句是作者态度的暗示，即作者认为five years of solid growth的原因就在于此; ,例句精译,没几个美国人将这一巨变单纯归因于美元贬值或商业周期循环这些显而易见的原因。 答案解析 51. ,答案, C ,解析,本题问:二战后，美国取得了霸主地位是因为A:它为此付出了艰苦努力吗,否。因为首段(记住:看完一段要马上做题，如果全文看完再来做选项，内容太多记不住～)谈到:“凡事太顺利没有磨难未必就好”，接着就说“二战后的美国就是如此。" (美国是利用一战、二战的机会生产军火而发财的。别人被打趴下了，它除夏威夷的珍珠港外，本土基本没受战火蹂躏，乘机崛起。)可见美国并未付出艰苦努力。B.市场比战前大八倍。错。原文为比任何对手大八倍。至于D.“劳工规模大”更不对。原文只讲科学家“优秀”，工人“有技术”，并未讲“size”大小。而选C是根据首段末句战争已摧毁了欧亚的经济。问题中把欧亚的经济改为潜在对手的经济(如日、俄、德等)，可见正是答案。 52. ,答案, D ,解析,A.电视工业不是退回国一段长时间并且不费力而成功的历史可能成为一种可怕的不利因素，但若处理得当，这种不利因素也有可能转化为一种积极的推动力。二战结束后，美国恰好进入了这样的一个辉煌时期，当时，它拥有比任何竞争对手大8倍的市场，这使其工业具有无与伦比的规模经济状态。美国的科学家是世上最优秀的，它的工人是最富于技术的。美国的国富民强是那些经济遭到战争破坏的欧亚诸国做梦也无法想到的。 随着其他国家日益强盛，美国从这一优势地位逐渐下降是不可避免的。从优势地位上退出的痛苦也同样是不可避免的。到了80年代中期，面对其日益衰退的工业竞争力，美国人感到了迷茫。面对国外竞争，一些大型的美国工业，如消费电子产业，已经萎缩或渐渐消失。到1987年，美国只剩下Zenith这一家电视生产商。(现在一家也没有了:Zenith于当年7月被韩国LG电器公司收购。)外国制造的汽车和纺织品正在横扫美国市场。美国的机床工业也举步维艰。人们曾一度感觉下一个在海外品牌面前全军覆没的似乎该轮到美国的半导体制造业了，而在新计算机时代有着核心作用的半导体正是美国人发明的。 所有这一切引发了信任危机。美国不再视繁荣为理所当然之事。他们开始相信自己的商业经营方式落伍了，也相信不久他们的收入也会因此而下降。80年代中期，人们对美国工业衰退的原因作了一次又一次的调查。在美国人那些有时耸人听闻的发现中充满着对其他国家日益增长的经济竞争的警告之词。 情况的变化真快～1995年，美国可以回顾一下五年的稳固发展，日本却在挣扎了。没几个美国人将这一巨变单纯归因于美元贬值或商业周期循环这些显而易见的原因。到如今，美国人对自身的怀疑已让位于盲目的乐观自大。“美国的工业已经改变了产业结构，精简了机构，变得更敏捷了”，这是哈佛大学肯尼迪管理学院行政院长理查德?卡佛纳的看法。华盛顿特区的智囊团--卡托研究院的史蒂芬?莫尔则说:“看到我们的企业正在提高自身的生产率，作为一个美国人，我感到自豪。”哈佛商学院的威廉?萨尔曼相信人们将来回顾这一时期时，会把它视为“美国企业管理的黄金时代”. 51. 第二次世界大战之后，美国取得了霸主地位，因为. ,A, 美国为实现这个目标付出了艰苦努力 ,B, 美国的国内市场比战前市场大了八倍 ,C, 第二次世界大战摧毁了大多数潜在竞争对手的经济 ,D, 美国劳动大军的无与伦比的规模促进了经济的发展 52. 20世纪80年代，美国失去了在世界经济中的优势，美国的事实证实了这一状况。 ,A, 电视产业已经退回到国 ,B, 产业重组 ,C, 企业管理的改善,D, 教育方面的成功 TEXT 2 Being a man has always been dangerous.There are about 105 males born for every 100 females, but this ratio drops to near balance at the age of maturity, and among 70-year-olds there are twice as many women as men.But the great universal of male mortality is being changed.Now, boy babies survive almost as well as girls do.This means that, for the first time, there will be an excess of boys in those crucial years when they are searching for a mate.More important, another chance for natural selection has been removed.Fifty years ago, the chance of a baby (particularly a boy baby) surviving depended on its weight.A kilogram too light or too heavy meant almost certain death.Today it makes almost no difference.Since much of the variation is due to genes, one more agent of evolution has gone. There is another way to commit evolutionary suicide: stay alive, but have fewer children.Few people are as fertile as in the past.Except in some religious communities, very few women has 15 children.Nowadays the number of births, like the age of death, has become average.Most of us have roughly the same number of offspring.Again, differences between people and the opportunity for natural selection to take advantage of it have diminished.India shows what is happening.The country offers wealth for a few in the great cities and poverty for the remaining tribal peoples.The grand mediocrity of today - everyone being the same in survival and number of offspring - means that natural selection has lost 80% of its power in upper-middle-class India compared to the tribes. For us, this means that evolution is over; the biological Utopia has arrived.Strangely, it has involved little physical change.No other species fills so many places in nature.But in the past 100,000 years - even the past 100 years - our lives have been transformed but our bodies have not.We did not evolve, because machines and society did it for us.Darwin had a phrase to describe those ignorant of evolution: they "look at an organic being as a savage looks at a ship, as at something wholly beyond his comprehension." No doubt we will remember a 20th century way of life beyond comprehension for its ugliness.But however amazed our descendants may be at how far from Utopia we were, they will look just like us. 55. What used to be the danger in being a man according to the first paragraph? ,A, A lack of mates. ,B, A fierce competition. ,C, A lower survival rate. ,D, A defective gene. 56. What does the example of India illustrate? ,A, Wealthy people tend to have fewer children than poor people. ,B, Natural selection hardly works among the rich and the poor. ,C, The middle class population is 80% smaller than that of the tribes. ,D, India is one of the countries with a very high birth rate. 57. The author argues that our bodies have stopped evolving because. ,A, life has been improved by technological advance ,B, the number of female babies has been declining ,C, our species has reached the highest stage of evolution ,D, the difference between wealth and poverty is disappearing 58. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? ,A, Sex Ratio Changes in Human Evolution. ,B, Ways of Continuing Man’s Evolution. ,C, The Evolutionary Future of Nature. ,D, Human Evolution Going Nowhere. 大纲单词,Ed5vB:ns,v.?前进，进展;?推进，促进;?提出(建议等); ?提前;n.?前进，进展;?预付，预支 ,Ed5vB:ntidV,n.?优点，长处，有利条件;?利益，好处;v.有利于，使获利 ,5eidVEnt,n.代理商(人)，代表 ,E5meiz,v.使惊奇，使惊愕，使惊叹 ,5B:gju:,v.?争论，辩论;?认为，主张，论证;?说服 ,5C:WE,n.?作者;?创始人 ,5AvEridV,n.平均(数); a.?平均的;?普通的，一般的;v.平均，均分 ,5bAlEns,v.称，(使)平衡;n.?天平，秤;?平衡，均衡;?差额，结余，余款 ,5bi:iN,n.?生物，人;?存在，生存 co,kE5mit,v.?把„„交托给，提交;?犯(错误)，干(坏事) ,kE5mju:niti,n.?同一地区的全体居民，社会，社区;?共同体，团体 ,kCmpi5tiFEn,n.?比赛;?竞争 ,7kCmpri5henFEn,a.理解(力)，领悟 ,5kru:Fel,a.至关重要的，决定性的 ,di5klain,v./n.?下倾，下降，下垂，衰落;?斜面，倾斜;v.拒绝，谢绝 ,di5pend,v. (on)取决于，依靠，信赖，相信 ,di5send(E)nt,n.子孙，后代 ,dis5kraib,v.描述，形容 ,di5miniF,v.缩小，减少，递减 ,7disE5piE,v.不见，消失 ,daut,n./v.怀疑，疑虑 ,7i:vE5lu:Fen,n.进化，渐进，演化 ,i5vClv,v.(使)发展，(使)进化 ,ik5ses,a.过量的，额外的;n.过量，过剩 ,5fi:meil,a.女的，雌的 ,5fE:tail,a.?肥沃的，富饶的;?能繁殖的 ,fiEs,a.?凶猛的，残忍的;?激烈的，强烈的 ,dVi:n,n.基因 ,grAnd,a.?盛大的，豪华的;?重大的，主要的 ,5ignErEnt,a.?无知的，愚昧的;?不知道的 ,5ilEstreit,v.?举例说明，阐明;?图解，加插图 ,in5vClv,v.?卷入，陷入，连累;?包含，含有，涉及 ,5lEuE,a.较低的，下级的，下游的;v.降下，放低 ,meil,n./a.男性(的)，雄性(的) ,meit,n.?伙伴，同事;?配偶 ,mi:nz,n.方法，手段 ,5neitFE,n.?自然界，大自然;?性质，本性，天性 ,5CfspriN,n.?子孙，后代;?结果，产物 ,7CpE5tju:niti,n.机会 ,C:5gAnik,a.?器官的;?有机的;?有机体的 ,freiz,n.短语，词语，习语 ,5fizikEl,a.?物质的，有形的;?肉体的，身体的;?自然科学的，物理的 ,5pCvEti,n.贫穷，贫困 ,reit,n.?比率，率;?等级;?价格，费用;v.?估价;?评级，评价 ,5reiFiEu,n.比，比率 r,ri5lidVEs,a.宗教的，信教的，虔诚的 ,5sAvidV,a.?野蛮的，未开化的;?凶恶的，残暴的;n.未开化的人 ,si5lekFEn,n.?选择，挑选;?选集，精选物 ,5spi:Fiz,n.(物)种，种类 ,5suisaid,n.?自杀;?自取灭亡 ,sE5vaivEl,n.?幸存，生存;?幸存者，残存物 ,sE5vaiv,v.?幸免于，幸存;?比„„长命 ,tend,v.?趋向，往往是;?照料，看护 ,5taitl,n.?书名，标题;?头衔，称号 ,trAns5fC:m,v.?改变，变换;?变压;?转化;?改造 ,traib,n.部落，家族 ,7ju:ni5vE:sEl,a.?普遍的，全体的，通用的;?宇宙的，世界的 ,5QpE,a.?上面的;?上部的，较高的 ,7vZEri5eiFEn,n.?变化，变动;?变种，变异 ,5welWi,a.富裕的，丰富的 ,5hEulli,ad.完全地，全部，一概超纲单词,E5kC:diN,ad.依 照，根据 ,baiE5lCdVikEl,a.生物学的 ,di5fektiv,a.有缺陷的;n.有缺陷的人 ,7i:vE5lU:FEnEri,a.进化的 ,mE5tjuEriti,n.成熟，完备 ,7mi:di5Ckriti,n.平常，平凡 ,mC:5tAliti,n.死亡率 ,pE5tikjulEli,ad.独特地，显著地 ,7teknE5lCdVikEl,a.科技的