单反的基本用法（The basic use of SLR）

单反的基本用法（The basic use of SLR） 单反的基本用法(The basic use of SLR) 1. A close-up of something small, such as a flower, a bird, or a worm: With Av files, the aperture is best at f5.6 or less, the focal length is better than 50, as far as possible within 1m shooting, so that the background virtual! If the light is good, iso100, if the light is bad, the ISO is better than 400. 2, shoot people: Basically use the larger aperture (within f5.6), more than 50mm focal length, shooting distance depends on the body, the body, the big head, so that the background virtual, using the Av file! Good light, iso100, bad light, less than iso400. People in sports use the racket to show the sense of movement (see the moving objects below)! 3, shoot scene: Av files, use the appropriate aperture, F8 above, the focal length is random, but generally wide-angle corners are distorted, as appropriate. 4, shoot night scene: Three tripod, Av files, custom white balance or incandescent lamps, F8 above the aperture, a small aperture can make a light star effect, the use of MUP function, reduce the shutter, reflecting plate lifting machine shock caused by the side cover; and straps, cover the viewfinder, so as to avoid clutter light entering from behind the influence of image quality; within iso200, try to make the exposure time, so that you can make some unintentional passers-by from the picture disappeared without a trace, purify the scene! For example, a square, people come and go, you can use a very small aperture around F20, iso100, so that the exposure time will be very long, then walk around the figure will not stay in the photos! The square will be clean! 5, shoot fireworks: Using the shutter line, B shutter, you can shoot more fireworks overlap effect! 6, shoot the running things: Light good condition: Av files, aperture size as appropriate; use more than F8 aperture to get a large depth of field effect, use small aperture to get the effect of shallow depth of field; Want to shoot a very dynamic effect, you can use the Tv file, shutter 1/30 or so, focusing on the shutter at the same time, the camera at the right speed chasing the object movement, will be very dynamic effect! Poor light conditions: they can only be dealt with as appropriate, plus the use of chase! 7, shoot water or fountain: Using the Tv file, about 1/50 of the shutter speed, you can take the effect of satin, if you use too fast shutter, fountain shot out of the water droplets are discontinuous! 8, night portrait: On three legs, white balance adjustment, automatic or custom white balance; iso100-400; Av file, aperture about F8, with slow sync flash mode, after flash; at this time, the flash will flash two times, press the shutter flash once, will flash once before the end of the exposure, so in the flash two times before the people don't leave. This shot will make the characters clear, the background neon is also beautiful, not the background exposure is too dark. Av aperture priority technique: 1.. No matter what. Unless you want to keep a safe shutter, do not open the maximum aperture. 2. photos, please use the F8~F11 aperture as much as possible. 3. beat characters and still life features can use maximum aperture to reduce the aperture of class 1~2. 4. safety shutter, please try to control in the focus of the countdown above. Wide angle end shutter should be more than 1/30 seconds more insurance. If the shutter is insufficient, please raise the aperture or ISO. Metering mode: 1. don't turn to the sky. Don't go to the darkest place To catch the middle value. 2. use the metering mode according to the subjects you take (weigh metering, spot metering, central metering, etc.). 3., if you encounter metering when you are not sure, please use AE lock to expose the gray things around you and then shoot again after locking. 4., try not to white or black object photometry, otherwise please remember black to minus EV, white to EV. EV is the exposure compensation Exposure compensation is also a method of exposure control, generally common at about 2-3EV, if the ambient light is dim, you can increase the exposure value (such as adjusted to +1EV, +2EV) to highlight the clarity of the picture. Small digital cameras mostly use menu to adjust exposure compensation In the process of shooting, if you press a half shutter, the LCD screen will display almost the same picture as the final effect picture, focus, exposure, all start. The exposure at this time is the final picture's exposure. If the picture was too bright or too dark, indicating the accuracy of the automatic metering camera has a large deviation, to enforce the exposure compensation, but sometimes, when the display brightness of the shot and the actual shooting results have certain discrepancy. The digital camera can browse the picture immediately after shooting, at this time, you can more accurately see the brightness of the captured picture, and there will be no more. If the shooting results are clearly bright or dim, you must re shoot, forcing exposure compensation. Shooting environment is dim, need to increase brightness, and when the flash does not work, you can compensate for exposure, increase the amount of exposure appropriately. When the exposure compensation, if the photo is too dark, to increase the EV value, EV value increased 1, equivalent to the amount of light exposure is doubled if the photo is too bright, to reduce the EV value, EV value of each reduced by 1, equivalent to the amount of light exposure decreases twice. According to the compensation interval of different cameras, the units of 1/2 (0.5) or 1/3 (0.3) can be adjusted. White objects photographed in the picture looks gray or white enough time to increase exposure, simply means "more white more", it appears with the exposure of the basic principles and habits are in fact, draw further apart, this is because the camera's metering center for the subject tend to emphasize, white the main body of the camera will make mistake is environment is very bright, so lack of exposure, which is a common problem in most beginners easy to make. Because the camera's shutter or aperture size is limited, so the adjustment range is not always able to reach 2EV, so the exposure compensation is not a panacea, too dark environment may still be underexposed, at this time to consider with flash or increase the camera's ISO photographic sensitivity to improve the brightness of the screen. Generally speaking, the smaller the brightness of the scene, the more accurate the exposure, and conversely, the deviation increases. The camera of the low grade high, high grade, low light is more accurate, the deviation will increase. If the traditional film camera, the tolerance is relatively large, the exposure of the deviation in a certain range will not be a big problem, but the digital camera CCD tolerance is relatively small, slight deviation of exposure is likely to affect the overall effect. In summary, the adjustment of exposure compensation is based on experience, coupled with the sensitivity of the color, and the user must compare the quality of the pictures under different exposure compensation, Definition, reduction degree and grain size, to the best picture. Note: The aperture on the Canon manual refers to the F value. The larger the aperture, the greater the depth of field. Generally speaking, the aperture refers to the aperture, Kong Jing, and the value of F is inversely proportional to the aperture (Kong Jing), the smaller the depth of field. Av-- aperture priority automatic exposure. Tv-- shutter priority automatic exposure AE- automatic exposure AF- auto focus AF-S-- and SAF should be the same, single autofocus, relative to continuous autofocus. MAF- monitors AF, which reduces the amount of time required for focusing. The camera adjusts the focus before the shutter button is half pressed, allowing you to compose the adjusted focus. Press the shutter button halfway, and the focus will be locked when the AF lock is complete. EV- exposure values are usually used when exposure compensation is used. ISO- sensitivity, sensitivity, each of which corresponds to the aperture or the corresponding exposure value of the shutter. 39 basic skills training for SLR camera Unit 1: Photography basic skills training Training 1, panoramic practice Subject: General scenery, flowers, urban buildings and other strong impact of the scene. Requirements: all solid focus of the picture. Tip: first use wide-angle lens: 24MM - 35MM, aperture: F11 - 16, aperture priority, AE mode. Practice 2, single focus exercises Requirements: only focus on the main object, the shallow depth of field. Tip: Center telephoto lens: 85MM above, aperture F5.6 or larger, aperture priority, AE mode. Exercise 3, freeze practice Subject: sports events, walking cars, trains, flowing water, waterfalls, etc. Requirement: record the intense movement of the subject's momentary action or instant expression. Recommended: high speed shutter over 1/1000 seconds, shutter speed priority AE mode. Exercise 4, dynamic exercises Subject: sports events, dynamic people, flowing water, waterfalls and so on. Requirements: athletes and dynamic people part of the body of virtual or moving body background virtual, flowing water, waterfalls and so on, there is a sense of flow. Recommendation: slow shutter 1/15 seconds - 11 seconds, start with 1/30 seconds, then 1/15, 1/8, 1/4, 1/2, 1 second practice, use three tripods. Training 5, viewfinder practice Requirements: highlight the theme, concise picture, can convey the photographed scene atmosphere, the training of the composition training is the foundation. Recommendation: telephoto lenses, large optical rings. Training 6, close up exercises Subject: flowers, still lifes, insects, etc. Requirement: the proportion of the subject to the screen as large as possible, highlighting the shape of the subject and interesting parts, high definition. Suggestion: using a macro lens or macro function and extension ring, the shortest distance photography, lens keep parallel with the subject, using three tripod and shutter line. Training 7, various focal lens (lens focal section) use practice Using a variety of focal lens (lens focal segments) shooting practice, to understand the characteristics of the focal length of each lens, to understand the drawing angle and perspective relations, use the different depth of focal length segments. Standard lens: lens with focal length of about 50MM - extremely natural without exaggeration. Wide angle lens: lens with a focal length below 35MM - emphasizes distance. Telephoto lens: a lens with a focal length of 85MM ~ 135MM - the closest perspective of the human eye, which can correctly reflect the shape of the subject, and is used for portrait photography. Telephoto lenses: lenses with a focal length of more than 200MM - very few sense of distance and compression. (easy to shake, try to use three tripods) Unit second: composition of picture and training of composition Exercise 8, horizontal, vertical composition Subject: scenery, mountains and rivers, architecture, characters, etc.. Requirements: with horizontal composition, performance stability and sense of width, with vertical composition, performance of vertical and deep sense of height, the picture can not be useless space. Recommendations: 1, the same subject were shot with horizontal, vertical composition method, compare the different feelings of the work. 2, the horizontal composition of the performance of stability, the use of standard focus above the lens, wide sense of use when wide-angle lens. 3, longitudinal composition performance longitudinal feeling and high sense of use wide-angle lens, pay attention to the screen in close range and vision position configuration, composition should pay special attention to the horizontal and vertical, use three feet. Exercise 9 triangle composition Subject: a triangular or triangular object, building, character, etc. Requirements: the use of the triangle in the screen in different positions, performance stability, jumping, sense of height and sense of width. Recommendations: 1, the screen is easy to identify the triangle shape, triangular form of complex objects, the focus should be real, there must be a sense of balance. 2, tall buildings and roads and other tall and slender scenery, use 20MM below wide-angle lens. 3, use the depth of field prediction function. Exercise 10, symmetrical composition Subject: all objects, figures, shapes, buildings, etc with symmetrical composition. Requirements: the use of up and down symmetrical composition, performance stability and ultra realistic mood. Recommendation: 1. Choose beautiful symmetrical shape, both sides of the symmetrical shape should be solid, and each symmetrical shape should be obvious. 2, try to use the standard focus above the lens, the use of light angle lens, be careful that the camera and the object remains parallel. 3, shoot the shore and water symmetrical composition of the scene using polarizer. 4, seeking panoramic depth, had to use a small aperture when using three tripods. Exercise 11, vertical and horizontal composition Subject: landscape, architecture, etc. Requirement: simple beauty composed of parallel or vertical lines in a picture. Suggestion: the lines of the picture should be kept horizontal or vertical, the lines should be beautiful, the horizontal or vertical lines should be full of pictures, and the three tripods should be used. Exercise 12, S and slash composition Subject: a road or river or mountain range or urban bridge or road with a S or diagonal line. Requirement: use S shape to express deep feeling, show the broad sense and dynamic with abduction, and S shape to reach both ends of the picture. Halfway through, you should have space in front of you. Recommendations: S shape and slash configuration should be balanced, it is necessary to carefully feel whether the works have deep sense and broad sense, whether the subject is clear, the theme should be prominent. Exercise 13, golden section, composition Subject: any Requirements: the subject to be in the division, online or near, the composition should be balanced, the subject should be prominent, There are no superfluous parts in the picture. Suggestion: first, compose your own ideas, and then use the golden section method. Unit third: use light training 1 Exercise 14, daytime flash exposure compensation Subject: close range of small objects such as characters, flowers, pets, small range, natural scenery, still life. Requirements: when using the above object in the backlight, backlight and ambient light intensity on the subject or object in the daytime shadows. It is recommended that you obtain the aperture value with a flash, synchronous speed, Photometry (average metering), and then use an index of the flash to divide the aperture, which is worth the shooting distance, and then you can get the accurate exposure photos. For example: the camera's flash synchronization is 1/125 seconds, with automatic metering of the camera F-measure 16, flash index (GN) was 40, 40, 16 (F = 2.5M), then the shooting distance is 2.5 meters. Given the flash index (GN) and the distance to the aperture (F), use the flash index to divide the distance to obtain the aperture (F). Namely: GN / distance = F. Exercise 15 and use flash to reflect the stereo sense of the work Subject: characters, flowers, pets, still lifes. Requirements: the use of external flash and the flash out of line camera from obliquely above or behind light producing stereo feeling, can also be cast to the ceiling or the reflecting plate manufacturing light refraction, specific investment and direction of light according to their intent to specific arrangements, but try to avoid heavy shadow. Suggestion: try out the stereo sensation produced by various light throwing methods and exposure compensation when possible. Practice 16, indoor and night lighting photography Subject: indoor lighting gatherings, city lights, night scenes, etc.. Requirements: the use of color temperature in the room and night lights to create the invisible of the unique (reddening) atmosphere. Suggestion: the light in the picture is arranged as evenly as possible. There is no strong light source near the lens, and no strong light can be used to shoot the lens. When shooting still life, the three tripod is used, and it is better to use ISO400 film when taking a snapshot. If you want to be loyal to the original color works, use 80A filter to correct the color temperature, the exposure can not be too. Reference: color temperature: day sunny = 5500K, day cloudy = 6500K, morning and evening = 4500K, general light = 2800K. Exercise 17, Chaoyang, sunset, night view Subject: Chaoyang, sunset under the mountains, coastline, natural scenery and night view. Requirements: to fully reflect the atmosphere at night overnight overnight, reproduction of beautiful scenery, can not have redundant objects into the picture, not the best blooming. Recommendations: the use of manual, basically at F8 ~ 11 AE, aperture priority, vision focus to infinity, less than 10M of a point source most likely to see the object of banana, use three tripod, can consider multiple exposure. Exercise 18, white objects Subject: snow, white sand, white flowers and other white objects. Requirements: clearly reproduce the texture and tone of white objects. Suggestion: according to the measured exposure appropriate exposure compensation, the compensation amount accounted for the proportion of white objects according to the picture and you want between the work performance of the intention is 0.5 ~ 1.5EV, the picture in black and white and white objects according to proportion adjustment. Unit fourth: use light training 2 Exercise 19, (the use of light transmitted light) Subject: light rays from behind, characters, landscapes, flowers, still lifes, snapshots, etc.. Requirements: to make full use of the characteristics of manufacturing backlight transparency and stereoscopic brightness balance and cannot be taken attention to body and the background of creation intention outside halo generation. Recommendations: the use of exposure compensation and a reflecting plate, the exposure compensation amount + 0.5, + 1, + 1.5, + 2.0EV, the greater the compensation subject is bright, if mishandled exposure compensation amount, can take a picture of the compensation to ensure successful shooting. Exercise 20. Use of side light Subject: person, landscape, flower, plant, pet, and snapshot associated with such light. Requirements: make full use of the shadow effect, so that the picture of the atmosphere in line with their own shooting intentions, through practice to improve the sensitivity of light. Suggestion: when shooting from the front light, side light, oblique light, backlight, backlight CE semi order to observe the subject, and pay attention to the difference of three-dimensional objects and side light backlight made out, such as the use of strong side light can shape the man's fortitude, weak side light can create a gentle woman. Use the hood. Exercise 21. Use of light and light in the middle of the forest Subject: has the characteristics of light in the forest, and a cloudy day scenic hills, lake and river waters of the sea. Requirement: make full use of the characteristics of point and drain light to create an impressive and moving atmosphere. Suggestions: pay attention to the scope and amount of exposure than light, brightness difference due to exposure, spot metering measured light and dark after the middle value of the final exposure. Exercise 22 extreme exposure applications Being subject to a high profile (low shade) or low profile (contrast) of all subject matter. Requirements: Photography intent and theme to be bright, to consider the need to adopt high or low profile, the atmosphere of the subject should be coordinated. Recommendations: high-profile exposure compensation from 0 to 2.0, low-key exposure compensation from 0 to 2.0, by segment exposure, exposure compensation control in different conditions and the effect brought by the. Exercise 23, the trajectory of light Subject: mobile vehicles at night, boats, stars, fireworks, etc.. Requirements: smooth flow of light on the surface, light flow, color, shape, size, and the surrounding atmosphere should be coordinated, exposure should be appropriate. Recommendations: the use of the average metering and the central part of the focus metering mode can also be set to F4 or F5.6 the aperture, exposure to 30 seconds to 2 minutes (B gate), the general use of fireworks ISO100 film, at F5.6 ~ F11, the stars of the longest exposure time can be up to 1 ~ 2 hours, above all the three tripod. Exercise 24. Objects with lights Subject: city lights, buildings and plants that are lighted at night. Requirements: viewfinder angle to reflect the charm of the subject, choose to fully display the atmosphere of exposure, the proportion of the main body of the screen should be appropriate. Recommendation: use three foot stand, shutter line, manual mode, B door or T door, use exposure compensation + 0.5 - 1.5EV. Pay attention to the brightest part and the darkest part of the picture, avoid the difference of brightness, and pay attention to the problem of losing the law during the long time exposure. Use wide-angle lens. Unit fifth: emphasis on color training Subjects who perform exercises in 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, respectively, featuring red, blue, yellow, green, white, and black. Subject: a variety of objects with colors and colors, figures, flowers, etc.. Requirements: to show the distinctive characteristics of the above colors, grasp the three elements of hue, brightness, saturation, and color. Suggestion: pay attention to warm and cold colors, you can use a filter, use the enclosed photography experience exposure compensation on color expression function. Exercise 31 show the clarity of water Subject: any object related to water. Requirement: pay attention to the overall performance of the work while showing the transparency of the water. Recommendation: pay attention to the light reflection on the water surface. Use the PL mirror and use the rotating PL mirror to find the best performance. Exercise 32, color contrast A variety of colors, contrasts, fields, parks, buildings, etc. Requirements: use color contrast to enhance the appeal of the work. Suggestion: don't make too many colors into the picture, brightness contrast color contrast is more strong, bright color and contrast to dark eye-catching, the real focus at the same color and the virtual focus can contrast. Exercise 33, black and white photography Subject: any object, character, etc. Requirements: relationship between themes and backgrounds, and understanding the characteristics of black-and-white photography. Suggestions: it is necessary to understand the specific changes in the color into black and white, black, yellow to red as grey as consideration, and understand the relationship between the gray scale. Exercise 34, monochrome performance Subject: a group of plants in nature, large areas of monochromatic flowers, and tonal rooms. Requirements: effective use of a uniform tone, composition balance, and fully grasp the color of the shade. Note the color saturation, the screen color performance more or less, the use of color filters. Unit sixth: performance and emotional training Exercise 35, dynamic performance Subject: sports, animals, memorial activities, flowers, rivers, etc.. Requirement: a fully recorded and moving object or person, showing a dynamic sense of power and beauty, a rational composition, mastering the shutter for the scene being photographed and the time to press the shutter. Recommendation: if conditions permit, use shutter priority mode as fast as possible, use shutter speed of 1/500-1/1000 seconds for movement, use 1/15-1/4 seconds for movement sense, and use 1/15 or 1/30 seconds when chasing. Exercise 36, telepresence Subject: fire and accident scene, sacrificial ceremony, ceremony, natural weather condition and so on. Requirements: as far as possible to show telepresence, immersive, even the more ordinary subject, but also the use of technology and equipment to create telepresence. Tip: try to approach the object using ultra wide-angle or telephoto lenses. The aperture uses F11, F16, and F22 for large depth of field. Show natural weather conditions, such as typhoons, heavy rain, fog, rapids, using three tripods, shutter 1/8, 1/4, 1/2 seconds, and surround shooting. Exercise 37, the expression of silence Subject: natural scenery. Requirement: the photographer himself should be calm and steady, and choose the best shooting time and weather, Choose a composition that is stable, concise and easy to convey. Recommendation: the shooting time is best at daybreak, evening, bright moon night, rainy day, fog, snow and so on. Choose symmetry, triangles and so on. Add a sense of silence. The composition should be level and vertical, with no inclination to emphasize concentration and stability. Use the three legs. Exercise 38, emotional performance Subject: human and animal facial features and body (snap shot). Requirements: master the best shutter time, and with the person or animal heart sense interlinked, in addition to the face, but also pay attention to the performance of other limbs coincide with the theme, pay attention to the details of the composition. Advice: the first from the side of the people especially the children and pets to practice, they usually pay more attention to (they) of the passions, and find out interesting features, and then use a telephoto lens to capture when captured by the human or animal does not pay attention to practice, to make full use of the automatic mode. Exercise 39 shoot absolutely clear pictures One of the most depressing things about photographers is that when they come back from filming, they find a lot of great pictures that aren't clear enough. To solve this problem, this article lists 7 elements that help photographers take really clear pictures. Tripod As long as you mention a clear photograph, you must first think of the three leg. A reliable three - foot tripod provides a stable platform for cameras that can greatly enhance sharpness of photos. Ron Bigelow works Three leg weight A three foot stand is a good start. However, adding some weight to the three leg can make it more stable. Most of the tripod have hanging weights used in the mechanism design for bottom bracket, three foot bearing. A simple way is to carry a small bag, filled with stones to things like hanging in the three tripod can be. Even if the three tripod has no special mechanism, the camera bag can be replaced on the center axle. Shutter Control Just putting the camera on the three foot doesn't mean the camera is strong enough. Pressing the shutter also produces vibrations that affect the sharpness of the photograph. The solution is very simple, that is, the use of remote shutter, in the control of the shutter without touching the fuselage. Either the shutter line or the wireless shutter can do this. Mirror Advance Even though three tripods have been used, three tripods have been added to the load, and the shutter line has been used. The picture quality will still be affected by the vibration of the camera reflector. When the shutter speed is between 1/30s and 1s, this factor will be an important factor affecting the sharpness of the photo. This problem can be solved by using the camera pre - lifting function. After this feature is enabled, the shutter is first pressed and the reflector is raised. The shutter is released only after pressing the shutter for second times, which eliminates the shock of the reflector. aperture The average middle aperture (such as f/8) has the best sharpness. The larger aperture softens the image due to aberration, while the smaller aperture causes the screen to soften due to diffraction. shutter speed Although the three tripod eliminates the movement of the camera, the subject may still move. So the shutter speed should be fast enough to solidify the subject. This also requires a larger aperture to satisfy the exposure requirement. Ron Bigelow works ISO Sensitivity Increasing the ISO sensitivity can further increase the shutter speed and help to photograph enough clear pictures. If you have the above, you can make a really clear picture. Chan Chan (16638) (16638) (16638) praise praise (16638) (82 thousand and 600) reprint comments share (75 thousand and 400) copy the address is the first report has more | a spare retained 16 thousand small recipe people feel like a personal diary | signature: Cancel The owner of the "log backup 2013-08-07 08:35 Deep-Fried Dough Sticks retained small folk prescription, noodles, steamed buns, steamed buns, pancakes, leek box approach 2013-07-18 08:25 computer, to teach you how to take photos and scenic 2013-06-30 06:20 this paper be made one recent visitors view recent visitors here set up up * invisible access to delete this record Walkers 10:54 ghost dance nine days, 08:224234887208:19leven.07:40 freezing point, 07:22lamb06:44 comment interactive Display comment signature Select delete delete delete No one has commented yet to sit on the first couch Prompt QQ space solemnly promise: dedicated to providing users with green, healthy network space! Resolutely put an end to vulgar, malicious, reactionary and other undesirable information, in this case, QQ space users are willing to participate in the maintenance! For your information, we will check the processing for the first time, please click: understand the QQ space report entrance