简单的对外汉语语法

中文语法 中文句式 Golden structure Subject + verb+object Subject + when +where+ how + action Tenses There is no conjugation in Chinese verbs , normally we use verb+ the time in the past or future and some fixed structures below to express different tenses “了” after the verb or in the end of the sentences to express past tense “过。。。了” verb +过+object了 to express completion tense 正在/在 + verb to express be doing something , present continuous 马上/就要+verb to express something that is going to happen very soon 会/要+verb to express something that might happen not in the very near future Yes or No question Use of “吗” orverb+not+verb to ask Are you XXX or not , do you XXX or not 你是学生吗?你是不是学生? When the verb has 2 syllables, take the first character of the verb before “not” 你喜欢我吗?你喜不喜欢我? When there are 2 verbs in the sentence, take the main verb for the “verb+not+verb” structure 你会游泳吗?你会不会游泳? 你喜欢吃水果吗?你喜不喜欢吃水果? Content question Questions with what, who, which,when, where What ,who,which always come in the end of the sentence . When and where come before the action 你喜欢谁?(who) 你想吃什么(what) 你什么时候去法国?(when) 你在哪里上班?(where) Complement of result Use of “到” as suffix Eg: 找到,看到,买到,拿到,得到,追到,听到,摸到 Complement of direction use of “来” and “去” eg:上来,下来,进来,进去,回来,回去,过来,过去,出来,出去,上去,下去 use of “了” 1.To express “extreme”,use with “太” Eg:太好了,人太多了,太晚了,太累了 2.Past tense Eg: 我吃午饭了,我看过了 了can be after the verb or end of the sentence Eg: 昨晚我去看电影了,今天中午我吃了法国菜 3.Verb+ Duration of time , can use 2 了in the sentence Eg: 我在胡志明住了3年了(仍住在胡志明) 我在胡志明住了3年(现在不在胡志明住了) 我学中文4年了(现在还在学中文) 我学了中文4年(现在已经不学了) 4.express something new in life Eg: 我谈恋爱了 我有男朋友了 我买房子了 我长胖了 5.Express something that is going to happen soon ,most of the time comes with 就/就要/ 要 Eg: 就要下雨了 马上就好了 我要出去了 一下 1.a little bit , used to soften the tongue when you ask someone to do sth eg: 看一下,听一下,过来一下,尝一下,瞧一下,闻一下 单音节动词也可以在“一”后面重复该单词,或者直接重复动词表达同样的意思 看看,听听,尝尝,闻闻,瞧瞧 看一看,听一听,尝一尝,闻一闻,瞧一瞧 2.one time 亲一下我,打一下我,摸一下我,抱一下我 3.suddenly ,very soon ,normally used with “子”天一下子就阴了 火车一下子就到了 她一下子子就哭了 过 1.to cross 过街,过桥,过马路 2.over , too much 过高,过低,过胖,过瘦可以用“太”替换 3.experience doing something 你坐过飞机吗?你看过彩虹吗?你去过法国吗? 4.过+了 express have done sth 你吃过饭了吗?我刷过牙了。 就 1.just ,right, exactly 就在这儿,就是这个人,我就是喜欢你 2.如果。。。。就If ….. XX will 如果你去,我就去 如果你爱我,我就嫁给你 3.只要。。。。就 as long as ….. XXX will 只要你同意,我就来 只要你们准备好了,我们就走 4.Already ,then , opposite of “才” 我昨晚10点就睡了 今天早上我8点就来了 才 ONLY 没 VS 不 1.To express habitual things and statements , negative expression goes with 不 我不吃狗肉,我不喜欢美国 2.Negate the past , goes with 没 我今天没吃饭,我昨天没去上班 3.Negate “have “ ,goes with 没 没有 4.To express not yet , use 还没 我还没出门,我还没到 能愿动词 能 会 应该 Hi there I am from mainland China and right now living in Ho chi minh city Vietnam since 3 years ago . I can speak fluent English intermediate French and beginner in Vietnamese and some Spanish . I love languages and love to teach people beautiful Chinese languag I am good at finding the interests of my student and obstacles they are facing when learn Chinese ,then find out the corresponding solutions and tricks to help my students enhance interests in Chinese and the efficiency in learning this language