2014年12月英语六级考试真题(卷一) 1
2014年12月英语六级考试真题答案(卷一)13
2014年12月英语六级考试真题(卷一)
Part I Writing
Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write on essay based on the picture below. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then discuss what qualities an employer should look for in job applicants. You should give sound arguments to support your views and write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.
2014年12月英语六级作文真题范文1:学历歧视
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay based on the picture below. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then discuss what qualities an employer should look for in job applicant. You should give sound arguments to support your views and write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.
According to the picture, an employer turns down a job applicant, for his degree is less advanced than the other applicants, even though he has a good resume. Actually, what’s behind th e cartoon is the tendency that employers focus on academic performance when hiring.
No one disputes that a college or higher degree opens doors. Despite that, as far as I’m concerned, academic degree should not be the primary criteria in selecting talent s. First of all, academic degrees only represent the applicants’ proficiency in their school work, and cannot demonstrate their personality or other abilities. For instance, the responsibility of a human resources manager is to deal with people, and thus it requires advanced people skill which is by no means shown in the diploma. Second, emphasis on degrees may stall the development of the company. They will lose real talents if they judge people only by their educational background, while it is often the case that college drop-outs like Bill Gates, Michael Dell, Steve Jobs, etc., run wildly successful enterprises.
Therefore, instead of running after applicants with higher degrees, companies shouldbecome more concerned about what it takes to do the job and what a college education actually provides.
2014年12月英语六级作文真题范文2:学历歧视
【真题范文】
In the modern society, with competition becomes increasingly fierce, to find a job is too difficult for the young generation. Academic qualification, as a job a stepping-stone, is an essential factor during the job hunting.
Some people think that the highly educated must be able to find a good job, because education can prove that a person has a good capacity. Therefore, it is commonly believe that a job seeker with a master degree must be easier to find a promising job than a undergraduate. However, now the company interviewers
generally prefer to required a even higher academic qualification, like a doctor degree. Otherwise, the applicants, even though he or she has tremendous potential, will be refused relentlessly.
As far as I am concerned, education should not be the single standard in an interview. As for the companies, it is not necessarily a good principle as well. Now the whole community often talk about working ability and efficiency. For example, some people may have high academic qualification, but actually his ability is very limited. So both the individual and the community ought to change their attitude on academic qualification. We should realize that it is the operational capability and service ability which can help you to find a good job.
【范文译文】
在现代社会,随着竞争越来越激烈,找工作对于年轻人来说异常困难。作为工作的敲门砖,学历是找工作的一个重要因素。
一些人认为,受过高等教育的人肯定能找到好的工作,因为教育证明了他有很强的能力。所以我们通常认为硕士生会比本科生找到更好的工作。但是,现在很多公司的面试官通常要求更高的学历,比如博士学位。否则,申请者即使能力再强也会遭到无情的拒绝。
我认为,教育不应该是面试的唯一
标准
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。高学历对于公司来说也不一定是好事。现代社会非常重视工作能力和效率,有很多人有高学历但是真正的能力却很有限。所以无论是个人还是社会,都应当改变对学历的固有看法。我们应当意识到:只有工作和服务的能力才能帮助我们获得好工作。
Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A),B),C) and D),and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre。
注意:此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答
1.A) At a grocery
B) In a parking lot
C) In a car showroom
D) At a fast food restaurant。
2. A) Have a little nap after lunch
B) Get up and take a short walk
C) Change her position now and then。
D) Stretch her legs before standing up。
3. A) The students should practice long-distance running。
B) He doesn’t quite believe what the woman says。
C) The students’ physical condition is not desirable。
D) He thinks the race is too hard for the students。
4. A) They do not want to have a baby at present。
B) They cannot afford to get married right now。
C) They are both pursuing graduate studies。
D) They will get their degrees in two years。
5. A) Twins usually have a lot in common。
B) He must have been mistaken for Jack。
C) Jack is certainly not as healthy as he is。
D) He has not seen Jack for quite a few days。
6. A) The man will take the woman to the museum。
B) The man knows where the museum is located。
C) The woman is asking the way at the crossroads。
D) The woman will attend the opening of the museum。
7. A) They cannot ask the guy to leave。
B) The guy has been coming in for years。
C) They should not look down upon the guy。
D) The guy must be feeling extremely lonely。
8. A) Collect timepieces
B) Learn to mend clocks
C) Become time-conscious
D) Keep track of his daily activities。
Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard。
9. A) It winds its way to the sea。
B) It is eating into its banks。
C) It is quickly rising。
D) It is wide and deep
10. A) Get the trucks over to the other side of the river。
B) Take the equipment apart before being ferried。
C) Reduce the transport cost as much as possible。
D) Try to speed up the operation by any means。
11. A) Ask the commander to send a helicopter。
B) Halt the operation until further orders。
C) Cut trees and build rowing boats。
D) Find as many boats as possible。
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard。
12. A) Help him join an Indian expedition
B) Talk about his climbing experiences。
C) Give up mountain climbing altogether
D) Save money to buy climbing equipment
13. A) He was very strict with his children。
B) He climbed mountains to earn a living。
C) He had an unusual religious background。
D) He was the first to conquer Mt. Qomolangma。
14. A) They are like humans。
B) They are sacred places。
C) They are to be protected。
D) They are to be conquered。
15. A) It was his father’s training that pulled him through。
B) It was a milestone in his mountain climbing career。
C) It was his father who gave him the strength to succeed。
D) It helped him understand the Sherpa view of mountains。
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre。
注意:此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
Passage One
Questions 16 to 19 are based on the passage you have just heard。
16. A) By reviewing what he has said previously。
B) By comparing memorandums with letters。
C) By showing a memorandum’s structure。
D) By analyzing the organization of a letter。
17. A) They spent a lot of time writing memorandums。
B) They seldom read a memorandum through to the end。
C) They placed emphasis on the format of memorandums。
D) They ignored many of the memorandums they received。
18. A) Style and wording。
B) Structure and length。
C) Directness and clarity。
D) Simplicity and accuracy。
19. A) Accurate dating。
B) Professional look。
C) Direct statement of purpose。
D) Inclusion of appropriate humor。
Passage Two
Questions 20 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard。
20. A) They give top priority to their work efficiency。
B) They make an effort to lighten their workload。
C) They never change work habits unless forced to。
D) They try hard to make the best use of their time。
21. A) Self-confidence。
B) Sense of duty。
C) Work efficiency。
D) Passion for work。
22. A) They are addicted to playing online games。
B) They try to avoid work whenever possible。
C) They find no pleasure in the work they do。
D) They simply have no sense of responsibility。
Passage Three
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard。
23. A) He lost all his property。
B) He was sold to a circus。
C) He was forced into slavery。
D) He ran away from his family。
24. A) A carpenter。
B) A businessman。
C) A master of his。
D) A black drummer。
25. A) It named its town hall after Solomon Northup。
B) It declared July 24 Solomon Northup Day。
C) It freed all blacks in the town from slavery。
D) It hosted a reunion for the Northup family。
Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written。
注意:此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
Intolerance is the art of ignoring any views that differ from your own. It (26) itself a hatred, stereotypes, prejudice, and (27) . Once it intensifies in people, intolerance is nearly impossible to overcome. But why would anyone want to be labeled intolerant? Why would people want to be (28) about the world around them? Why would one want to be part of the problem in America, instead of the solution?
There are many explanations for intolerant attitudes, some (29) childhood. It is likely that intolerant folks grew up (30) intolerant parents and the cycle of prejudice has simply continued for (31) . Perhaps intolerant people are so set in their ways that they find it easier to ignore anything that might not (32) their limited view of life. Or maybe intolerant students have simply never been (33) to anyone different from themselves. But none of these reasons is an excuse for allowing the intolerance to continue。
Intolerance should not be confused with disagreement. It is, of course, possible to disagree with an opinion without being intolerant of it. If you understand a b elief but still don’t believe in that specific belief, that’s fine. You are (34) your opinion. As a matter of fact,(35) dissenters (持异议者) are important for any belief. If we all believed the same things, we would never grow, and we would never learn about the world around us. Intolerance does not stem from disagreement. It stems from fear. And fear stems from ignorance。
Part IIIreading comprehension
Section A
His future subjects have not always treated the Prince of Wales with the respect one XXXX expect. They laughed aloud in 1986 when the heir to the British(37)_____ told a TV reporter that he talked to his plants at his country house, Highgrove, to stimulate their growth. The Prince was being humorous- “My sense of humor will get me into trouble o ne day”, he said to his aids(随从)-but listening to Charles Windsor can indeed prove stimulating. The royal(38)_____ has been promoting radical ideas for most of his adult life. Some of his(39)_____, which once sounded a bit weird, were simply ahead of their time. Now, finally, the world seems to be catching up with him.
Take his views on farming. Prince Charles’ Duchy Home Farm went(40)_____ back in 1986. When most shoppers cared only about the low price tag on suspiciously blemish-free(无瑕疵的) vegetables
(单项选择题)_____
A.conform
B.eccentric
C.environmentalist
D.expeditions
E.impact
F.notions
G.organic
H.originally
I.recognition
J.respond
K.subordinate
L.suppressing
M.throne
N.unnaturally
O.urging
正确答案:
M throne
C environmentalist
F notions
H originally
N unnaturally
O urging
E impact
I recognition
B eccentric
J respond
Section B
Directions:Directions:In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may
choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
High School Sports Aren't Killing Academics
A)In this month's Atlantic cover article, "The Case Against High-School Sports," Amanda Ripley argues that school-sponsored sports programs should be seriously cut. She writes that, unlike most countries that outperform the United States on international assessments, American schools put too much of an emphasis on athletics, "Sports are embedded in American schools in a way they are not almost anywhere else," she writes, "Yet this difference hardly ever comes up in domestic debates about America's international mediocrity(平庸)in education."
B)American student-athletes reap many benefits from participating in sports, but the costs to the schools could outweigh their benefits, she argues, In particular, Ripley contends that sports crowd out the academic missions of schools: America should learn from South Korea and Finland and every other country at the top level of international test scores, all of whom emphasize athletics far less in school. "Even in eighth grade, American kids spend more than twice the time Korean kids spend playing sports," she writes, citing a 2010 study published in the Journal of Advanced Academics.
C)It might well be true that sports are far more rooted in American high schools than in other countries. But our reading of international test scores finds no support for the argument against school athletics. Indeed, our own research and that of others lead us to make the opposite case. School-sponsored sports appear to provide benefits that seem to increase, not detract(减少)from, academic success.
D)Ripley indulges a popular obsession(痴迷)with international test score comparisons, which show wide and frightening gaps between the United States and other countries. She ignores, however, the fact that states vary at least as much in test scores as do developed countries. A 2011 report from Harvard University shows that Massachusetts produces math scores comparable to South Korea and Finland, while Mississippi scores are closer to Trinidad and Tobago. Ripley's thesis about sports falls apart in light of this fact. Schools in Massachusetts provide sports programs while schools in Finland do not. Schools in Mississippi may love football while in Tobago interscholastic sports are nowhere near as prominent. Sports cannot explain these similarities in performance. They can't explain international differences either.
E)If it is true that sports undermine the academic mission of American schools, we would expect to see a negative relationship between the commitment to athletics and academic achievement. However, the University of Arkansas's Daniel Bowen and Jay Greene actually find the opposite. They examine this relationship by analyzing schools' sports winning percentages as well as student-athletic participation rates compared to graduation rates and standardized test score achievement over a five-year period for all public high schools in Ohio. Controlling for student poverty levels, demographics(人口统计状况), and district financial resources, both measures of a school's commitment to athletics are significantly and positively related to lower dropout rates as well as higher test scores.
F)On-the-field success and high participation in sports is not random-it requires focus and dedication to athletics. One might think this would lead schools obsessed with winning to deemphasize academics. Bowen and Greene's results contradict that argument. A likely explanation for this seemingly counterintuitive(与直觉相反的) result is that success in sports programs actually facilitates or reflects greater social capital within a school's community.
G)Ripley cites the writings of renowned sociologist James Coleman, whose research in education was groundbreaking. Coleman in his early work held athletics in contempt, arguing that they crowded out schools' academic missions. Ripley quotes his 1961 study, The Adolescent Society, where Coleman writes, "Altogether, the trophy(奖品)case would suggest to the innocent visitor that he was entering an athletic club, not an educational institution."
H)However, in later research Coleman would show how the success of schools is highly dependent on what he termed social capital, "the social networks, and the relationships between adults and children that are of value for the child’s growing up."
I)According to a 2013 evaluation conducted by the Crime Lab at the University of Chicago, a program called Becoming a Man-Sports Edition creates lasting improvements in the boys'study habits and grade point averages. During the first year of the program, students were founds to be less likely to transfer schools or be engaged in violent crime. A year after the program, participants were less likely to have had an encounter with the juvenile justice system.
J)If school-sponsored sports were completely eliminated tomorrow, many American students would still have opportunities to participate in organized athletics elsewhere, much like they do in countries such as Finland, Germany, and South Korea. The same is not certain when it comes to students from more disadvantaged backgrounds. In an overview of the research on non-school based after-school programs, researchers find that disadvantaged children participate in these programs at significantly lower rates. They find that low-income students have less access due to challenges with regard to transportation, non-nominal fees, and off-campus safety. Therefore, reducing or eliminating these opportunities would most likely deprive disadvantaged students of the benefits from athletic participation, not least of which is the opportunity to interact with positive role models outside of regular school hours.
K)Another unfounded criticism that Ripley makes is bringing up the stereotype that athletic coaches are typically lousy(蹩脚的)classroom teachers. "American principals, unlike the vast majority of principals around the world, make many hiring decisions with their sports teams in mind, which does not always end well for students," she writes. Educators who seek employment at schools primarily for the purpose of coaching are likely to shirk(推卸)teaching responsibilities, the argument goes. Moreover, even in the cases where the employee is a teacher first and athletic coach second, the additional responsibilities that come with coaching likely comes at the expense of time otherwise spent on planning, grading, and communicating with parents and guardians.
L)The data, however, do not seem to confirm this stereotype. In the most rigorous study on the classroom results of high school coaches, the University of
Arkansas's Anna Egalite finds that athletic coaches in Florida mostly tend to perform just as well as their non-coaching counterparts, with respect to raising student test scores. We do not doubt that teachers who also coach face serious tradeoffs that likely come at the expense of time they could dedicate to their academic obligations. However, as with sporting events, athletic coaches gain additional opportunities for communicating and serving as mentors(导师)that potentially help students succeed and make up for the costs of coaching commitments.
M)If schools allow student-athletes to regularly miss out on instructional time for the sake of traveling to athletic competitions, that's bad. However, such issues would be better addressed by changing school and state policies with regard to the scheduling of sporting events as opposed to total elimination. If the empirical evidence points to anything, it points towards school sponsored sports providing assets that are well worth the costs.
N)Despite negative stereotypes about sports culture and Ripley's presumption that academics and athletics are at odds with one another, we believe that the greater body of evidence shows that school-sponsored sports programs appear to benefit students. Successes on the playing field can carry over to the classroom and vice versa (反之亦然). More importantly, finding ways to increase school communities' social capital is imperative to the success of the school as whole, not just the athletes.
47
(单项选择题)
Students from low-income families have less access to off-campus sports programs
48
(单项选择题)
Amanda Ripley argues that America should learn from other countries that rank high in international tests and lay less emphasis on athletics.
49
(单项选择题)
According to the author, Amanda Ripley fails to note that students’ performance in exams varies from state to state.
50
(单项选择题)
Amanda Ripley thinks that athletic coaches are poor at classroom instruction.
51
(单项选择题)
James Coleman’s later research makes an argument for a school’s social capital.
52
(单项选择题)
Researchers fi nd that there is a positive relationship between a school’s commitment to athletics and academic achievements.
53
(单项选择题)
A rigorous study finds that athletic coaches also do well in raising students’ test scores.
54
(单项选择题)
According to an evaluation, spo rts programs contribute to students’ academic performance and character building.
55
(单项选择题)
Amanda Ripley believes the emphasis on school sports should be brought up when trying to understand why American students are mediocre.
56
(单项选择题)
James Coleman suggests in his earlier writings that school athletics would undermine a school’s image.
Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. . You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage one
It is easy to miss amid the day-to-day headlines of global economic recession, but there is a less conspicuous kind of social upheaval(剧变)underway that is fast altering both the face of the planet and the way human beings live. That change is the rapid acceleration of urbanization. In 2008, for the first time in human history, more than hal f the world’s population was living in towns and cities. And as a recently published paper shows, the process of urbanization will only accelerate in the decades to come—with an enormous impact on biodiversity and potentially on climate change.
As Karen Seto, the led author of the paper, points out, the wave of urbanization isn’t just about the migration of people into urban environments, but about the environments themselves becoming bigger to accommodate all those people. The rapid expansion of urban areas will have a huge impact on biodiversity hotspots and on carbon emissions in those urban areas.
Humans are the ultimate invasive species—when the move into new territory, the often displace the wildlife that was already living there. And as land is cleared for those new cities—especially in the dense tropical forests—carbon will be released into the atmosphere as well. It’s true that as people in developing nations move from the countryside to the city, the shift may reduce the pressure on land, which could in turn be good for the environment. This is especially so in desperately poor countries, where residents in the countryside slash and burn forests each growing season to clear space for farming. But the real difference is that in developing nations, the move from rural areas to cities often leads to an accompanying increase in income — and that increase leads to an increase in the consumption of food and energy, which in turn causes a rise in carbon emissions. Getting enough to eat and enjoying the safety and comfort of living fully on the grid is certainly a good thing — but it does carry an
environmental price.
The urbanization wave can’t be stopped —and it shouldn’t be. But Seto’s paper does underscore the importance of managing that transition. If we do it the right way, we can reduce urbanization’s impact on the environment. “There’s an enormous opportunity here, and a lot of pressure and responsibility to think about how we urbanize,” says Seto. “One thing that’s clear is that we can’t build c ities the way we have over the last couple of hundred years. The scale of this transition won’t allow that.” We’re headed towards an urban planet no matter what, but whether it becomes heaven or hell is up to us.
56. What issue does the author try to dra w people’s attention to?
A. The shrinking biodiversity worldwide.
B. The rapid increase of world population.
C. The ongoing global economic recession.
D. The impact of accelerating urbanization.
【答案】D
57. In what sense are humans the ultimate invasive species?
A. They are much greedier than other species.
B. They are a unique species born to conquer.
C. They force other species out of their territories.
D. They have an urge to expand their living space.
【答案】C
58. In what way is urbanization in poor countries good for the environment?
A. More land will be preserved for wildlife.
B. The pressure on farmland will be lessened.
C. Carbon emissions will be considerably reduced.
D. Natural resources will be used more effectively.
【答案】B
59. What does the author say about living comfortably in the city?
A. It incurs a high environmental price.
B. It brings poverty and insecurity to an end.
C. It causes a big change in people’s lifestyle.
D. It narrows the gap between city and country.
【答案】A
60. What can be done to minimize the negative impact of urbanization according to Seto?
A. Slowing down the speed of transition.
B. Innovative use of advanced technology.
C. Appropriate management of the process.
D. Enhancing p eople’s sense of responsibility.
【答案】C
Passage Two
When Harvard student Mark Zuckerberg launched thefacebook.com in Feb. 2004, even he could not imagine the forces it would let loose. His intent was to
connect college students. Facebook, which is what this website rapidly evolved into, ended up connecting the world.
To the children of this connected era, the world is one giant social network. They are not bound — as were previous generations of humans — by what they were taught. They are only limited by their curiosity and ambition. During my childhood, all knowledge was local. You learned everything you knew from your parents, teachers, preachers, and friends.
With the high-quality and timely information at their fingertips, today’s children are rising normally tame middle class is speaking up against social ills. Silicon Valley executives are being shamed into adding women to their boards. Political leaders are marshalling the energy of millions for elections and political causes. All of this is being done with social media technologies that Facebook and its competitors set free.
As does every advancing technology, social media has created many new problems. It is commonly addictive and creates risks for younger users. Social media is used by extremists in the Middle East and elsewhere to seek and brainwash recruits. And it exposes us and our friends to disagreeable spying. We may leave our lights on in the house when we are on vacation, but through social media we tell criminals exactly where we are, when we plan to return home, and how to blackmail(敲诈)us.
Governments don’t need informers any more. Social media allows government agencies to spy on their own citizens. We record our thoughts, emotions, likes and dislikes on Facebook; we share our political views, social preferences, and plans. We post intimate photographs of ourselves. No spy agency or criminal organization could actively gather the type of data that we voluntarily post for them.
The marketers are also seeing big opportunities. Amazon is trying to predict what we will order. Google is trying to judge our needs and wants based on our social-media profiles. We need to be aware of the risks and keep working to alleviate the dangers.
Regardless of what social media people use, one thing is certain: we are in a period of accelerating change. The next decade will be even more amazing and unpredictable than the last. Just as no one could predict what would happen with social media in the last decade, no one can accurately predict where this technology will take us. I am optimistic, however, that a connected humanity will find a way to uplift itself.
61. What was the purpose of Facebook when it was first created?
A. To help students connect with the outside world.
B. To bring university students into closer contact.
C. To help students learn to live in a connected era.
D. To combine the world into an integral whole.
【答案】B
62. What difference does social media make to learning?
A. Local knowledge and global knowledge will merge.
B. Student will become more curious and ambitious.
C. People are able to learn wherever they travel.
D. Sources of information are greatly expanded.
【答案】D
63. What is the author’s greatest concern with social media technology?
A. Individuals and organizations may use it for evil purposes.
B. Government will find it hard to protect classified information.
C. People may disclose their friends’ information unintentionally.
D. People’s attention will be easily distracted
from their work in hand.
【答案】A
64. What do businesses use social media for?
A. Creating a good corporate image.
B. Conducting large-scale market surveys.
C. Anticipating the needs of customers.
D. Minimizing possible risks and dangers.
【答案】B
65. What does the author think of social media as a whole?
A. It will enable human society to advance at a faster pace.
B. It will pose a grave threat to our traditional ways of life.
C. It is bound to bring about another information revolution.
D. It breaks down the final barriers in human communication.
【答案】A
Part IV
Translation
Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
中国将努力确保到2015年就业者接受过平均13.3年的教育。如果这一目标得以实现,今后大部分进入劳动力市场的人都需获得大学文凭。
在未来几年,中国将着力增加职业学院的招生人数:除了关注高等教育外,还将寻找新的突破以确保教育
制度
关于办公室下班关闭电源制度矿山事故隐患举报和奖励制度制度下载人事管理制度doc盘点制度下载
更加公平。中国正在努力最佳地利用教育资源,这样农村和欠发达地区将获得更多的支持。
教育部还决定改善欠发达地区学生的营养,并为外来务工人员的子女提供在城市接受教育的同等机会。
2014年12月英语六级考试真题答案(卷一)
写作
(一)学历歧视
【参考范文】
From the cartoon given above, we can observe that there is a recruiter talking with an interviewee. When looking at the resume submitted by the candidate, the interviewer says,“Sorry, kid… Your resume looks good, but you only have a Master’s degree…All the other applicants are Ph.D. !” Having heard these words, the applicant seems to be quite helpless and embarrassed.
The cartoon reveals that the society has been placing a higher value
on educational degree. What factors might contribute to this phenomenon? Answers to this question may involve many aspects, and here are a few guesses: for one thing, from the subjective aspect, quite a few employers hold that the higher educational degree people have, the more competent they will be. For another, from the objective aspect, with the professions in modern society becoming increasingly segmented, employees are required to acquire higher degree to fulfill their tasks efficiently.
Definitely, higher degrees enjoy obvious advantages. However, it is not advisable that employers judge a person only by his/ her educational backgrounds. Let alone “Degree Discrimination”. As for ourselves, we should not only attach a great importance to educational degree, but also spare no efforts to enhance our comprehensive abilities.
【名师简评】
2014年12月20日六级真题,写作部分打破了2014年6月14日六级写作的出题风格,具有以下四大大特点:
1. 反押题:此次作文,不再考察2011年12月、2012年12月、2013年6、13月和2014年6月共5次“全英文引语、名言警句”作文的惯例,继2012年6月之后,第二次考察漫画作文;
2. 易审题:依旧没有考察考生“审题能力”以及“跑题偏题”的可能性,作文的主题非常开放而明显,所有考生都有话好说;相对2014年12月上午四级作文而言,六级的作文相对“不够接地气,不够生活会化”,而是与“网络、文化、心态”等这样传统话题有关,看似题目很大,其实难度较小;
3. 重语言:主题明确,不会跑题,考生比拼的就是“语言质量”本身了。
4. 技巧和能力并重:北京新东方四六级课堂所倡导的“写作技巧与范文背诵”作文备考思路依旧得到体现和应用。考生既要规律性
总结
初级经济法重点总结下载党员个人总结TXt高中句型全总结.doc高中句型全总结.doc理论力学知识点总结pdf
历年真题出题的特点,又要勤加背诵和练习考前的范文。宗旨,多背,多写,背好,写好,总能够在考场上有话好说,有分可拿!
学历歧视
[参考范文]
About a decade ago, college students could find satisfactory and enviable jobs after they acquire Master’s degree. But now, things are quite different. Today's university students usually have much pressure in finding fairly good jobs. They always say disappointedly that goods jobs means high diplomas.
Why nowadays university students with lower degrees have so much pressure in finding jobs? For my part, this kind of pressure is mainly caused by three reasons. Firstly, the government is enrolling more and more university students year by year. And the growth of the students' number has surpassed that of the need of the society. So, when so many students graduate at a time, the chance of finding good jobs becomes tiny. Secondly, today's university students, most of them are the "only-child", who are more mentally frail. If their first try fails, they will be frustrated and think that it is really hard to find jobs.
This situation can be changed. The university students can join in some extracurricular activities on campus to train their abilities of doing things independently and try to do some part-time jobs during weekends and vacations to
gain more social experience.
听力
Short Conversation
1.A They might be stolen goods.
2.C They are news reporters.
3.D The man went to change the time of his computer class.
4.B The fifth contestant won the biggest prize
5.B Looking for a railway timetable.
6.D He had his haircut yesterday.
7.A He cannot appreciate the Picasso exhibition
8.D He has been long involved in student government.
Long Conversation One
9. B Something went wrong with her car.
10. D Cost
11. A Third-party insurance.
Long Conversation Two
12. C Where to locate their plant.
13. D Their basic facilities are good.
14. A Try to avoid making a hasty decision.
15. C Road and rail links for small towns.
Passage One
16. A One fifth of them were on bad terms with their sisters and brothers.
17. C Advance in age.
18. B They tend to forget past unhappy memories and focus on their present needs.
Passage Two
19. C They are the only insect that migrates along fixed routes.
20. D In a Mexican mountain forest.
21. C Each generation in a cycle lays eggs at a different place.
22. C Migration patterns of monarch butterflies.
Passage Three
23. A. Time has becomes more limited.
24. B Americans today have more free time than earlier generations.
25. D Our behavior is changed.
SectionC
26. taking into consideration
27. literary
28. imposed
29. anticipate
30. violations
31. financial
32. avenue
33. amended
34. in the wake of
35. interpret
词汇理解
36-40
M throne C environmentalist F notions H originally N unnaturally
41-45
O urging E impact I recognition B eccentric J respond
长篇阅读
46-50 JBDKH
51-55 CLFAE
仔细阅读
56 D The impact of accelerating urbanization
57 C they force other species out...
58 B the pressure on farmland will...
59 A it incurs a high environmental...
60 C appropriate management...
61 B to bring university students into closer...
62 D sources of information are greatly expanded
63 A individuals and organizations may use it for evil purpose
64 B anticipating the needs of customers
65 A it will enable human society to advance at a faster pace.
翻译
中国将努力确保到2015年就业者接受过平均13.3年的教育。如果这一目标得以实现,今后大部分进入劳动力市场的人都需获得大学文凭。
在未来几年,中国将着力增加职业学院的招生人数:除了关注高等教育外,还将寻找新的突破以确保教育制度更加公平。中国正在努力最佳地利用教育资源,这样农村和欠发达地区将获得更多的支持。
教育部还决定改善欠发达地区学生的营养,并为外来务工人员的子女提供在城市接受教育的同等机会。
China will endeavor to ensure every employee to have average 13.3 years of education. If the goal is achieved, a majority of people entering the labor market will be having Bachelor’s degree.
In the next few years, China will increase the number of people in vocational college. Except focusing on the higher education, the government will find a breakthrough point to ensure the justice of education. China is trying to optimize education resources and, accordingly, the countryside as well as the less developed areas will receive more support.
In addition, the education ministry decides to improve the nutrition of students in less developed areas and provides equal opportunities for the children of workers from out of town to receive education in the city
2014年12月
(卷二)
Part I
Writing
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write on essay based on the picture below. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then discuss what qualities an employer should look for in job applicants. You should give sound arguments to support your views and write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.
2014年12月英语六级作文真题范文1:科技与学习
For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay based on the picture below. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then discuss whether technology is indispensable in education. You should give sound arguments to support your views and write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.
From this cartoon, we clearly see that the student is asking his teacher about whether or not he can use some tech support to figure out the problem in his math class. What’s behind the cartoon is the fact that nowadays students become increasingly dependent on technological devices to help them with their school work.
In my opinion, with the advances in technology, students can learn more efficiently. First of all, technology provides infinite resources for learning. When our parents were students, they could only learn from their teachers, while nowadays, we can learn much more from the Internet. Second, it’s more convenient to learn with tech support. For example, I got enrolled in a Spanish class in an online school called Hujiang Online Class. All it requires is a PC or a smartphone, and I can learn the lectures anytime and anywhere. Lastly, it’s more economical to learn online. Besides the courses, free Apps are also easily accessible.
As for me, tech support has become an important part in my daily study. I will continue to learn in this way, and I believe that we can learn more efficiently if we are able to utilize the technologies around us.
2014年12月英语六级作文真题范文2:科技与学习
参考范文:
The picture vividly depicts that a teaching is asking a pupil to answer a simple math-related question——what’s two plus two? Unfortunately, the child cannot answer such an easy question without tech help. In fact, the phenomenon conveyed in the picture does not surprise us, because as the science and technology develops, the topic concerning the side effects of technological advancement increasingly arouses people’s attention.
Undoubtedly, the drawer of the picture aims at reminding us that we should use technology in a proper way and not be too tech-dependent to solve the simple problem independently. It is well known that thanks to the development of human civilization, many formerly unimaginable things come into reality. But, while enjoying the convenience produced by tech, we must alert its harm. Being over-addicted to technology will cost our health, independence, wisdom,creativity and even our ability to live.
Weighing the pros and cons of the technology, perhaps the best policy is to apply it properly. At the same time, we must avoid its harmful part. Furthermore, young people should be advised that depending too much on technology is hardly beneficial for them at all and more importantly they are expected to acquire the capacity to think independently.
范文译文:
这幅图形象地描述了一位老师正在让一名
小学
小学生如何制作手抄报课件柳垭小学关于三违自查自纠报告小学英语获奖优质说课课件小学足球课教案全集小学语文新课程标准测试题
生回答一个简单的数学问题:2加2等于几?然而不幸的是,这个小孩在没有计算器的帮助下居然无法回答一个如此简单的问题。事实上,我们对图画所描述的这种现象毫不惊奇,因为随着科学和技术的发展,有关技术进步的副作用已经开始引起人们的关注。
毫无疑问,图画的作者旨在提醒我们应该合理使用技术,过度依赖技术就会丧失独立解决问题的能力。众所周知,由于人类文明的发展,很多以前人类无法想象的东西成为现实。然而,在享受科技给我们带来便捷的同时,我们还要警惕它的危害。过度依赖技术会使我们失去健康、独立、智慧、创造力甚至是我们的生存能力。
权衡科技的利弊之后,可能最好的办法就是合理利用技术。同时,避免它的危害。而且,应该奉劝年轻人过度依赖技术对于他们百害而无一益,而且更重要的是年轻人应该养成独立思考的能力。
2014年12月英语六级作文真题范文3:科技与学习
As is shown in the picture, a teacher is asking a student a very easy math question of 2+2, but surprisingly, he answers that he is going to use technology to solve this problem. Simple as the picture is , it makes us consider whether technology is necessary in education.
As far as I am concerned, the technology is useful in our education. There are several reasons responsible for my arguments. First and foremost, it can help students have access to the wide range of information. For example, the teacher not only can present the contents through PPT but also show students pictures and videos, and let students accept and understand what they learn easily. Secondly, we can save a lot of paper. The teachers just need to put the contents in the PPT ,in order to protect our environment. Last but not least, the teacher can use long-distance(LD) education to teach, and other teachers can join in the class and share a wealth of useful information with students.
From what I said, we can safely draw the conclusion that technology is good if we use them in a correct way in a certain extent.
?附:作文评分标准
本题满分为15分,成绩分为六个档次:13-15分、10-12分、7-9分、4-6分、1-3分和0分。各档次的评分标准见下表:
档次评?分?标?准13-15分切题。表达思想清楚,文字通顺、连贯,基本上无语言错误,仅有个别小错。10-12分切题。表达思想清楚,文字较连贯,但有少量语言错误。7-9分基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够清楚,文字勉强连贯;语言错误相当多,其中有一些是严重错误。4-6分基本切题。表达思想不清楚,连贯性差。有较多的严重语言错误。1-3分条理不清,思路紊乱,语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误,且多数为严重错误。0分未作答,或只有几个孤立的词,或作文与主题毫不相关。Part II
Listening Section A
Directions:In this section,you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A),B),C)and D),and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the centre.
1. A) The man’s tennis racket is good enough.
B) The man should get a pair of new shoes.
C) She can wait for the man for a little while.
D) Physical exercise helps her stay in shape.
【答案】B
2. A) The woman will skip Dr. Smith’s lecture to help the man.
B) Kathy is very pleased to attend the lecture by Dr. Smith.
C) The woman is good at doing lab demonstrations.
D) The man will do all he can to assist the woman.
【答案】A
3. A) The woman asked the man to accompany her to the party.
B) Steve became rich soon after graduation from college.
C) Steve invited his classmates to visit his big cottage.
D) The speakers and Steve used to be classmates.
【答案】D
4. A) In a bus.
B) In a clinic.
C) In a boat.
D) In a plane.
【答案】C
5. A) 10:10.
B) 9:50.
C) 9:40.
D) 9:10.
【答案】B
6. A) She does not like John at all.
B) John has got many admirers.
C) She does not think John is handsome.
D) John has just got a bachelor’s degree.
【答案】A
7. A) He has been bumping along for hours.
B) He has got a sharp pain in the neck.
C) He is involved in a serious accident.
D) He is trapped in a terrible traffic jam.
【答案】D
8. A)She is good at repairing things.
B)She is a professional mechanic.
C)She should improve her physical condition.
D)She cannot go without washing machine.
【答案】A
Question 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
9. A)Some witnesses failed to appear in court.
B)The case caused debate among the public.
C)The accused was found guilty of stealing.
D)The accused refused to plead guilty in court.
【答案】C
10. A)He was out of his mind.
B)He was unemployed.
C)His wife deserted him.
D)His children were sick.
【答案】B
11. A) He had been in jail before.
B) He was unworthy of sympathy.
C) He was unlikely to get employed.
D) He had committed the same sort of crime.
【答案】A
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
12. A) Irresponsible.
B) Unsatisfactory.
C) Aggressive.
D) conservative.
【答案】B
13. A) Internal communication.
B) Distribution of brochures.
C) Public relations.
D) Product design.
【答案】C
14. A) Placing advertisement in the trade press.
B) Drawing sketches for advertisements.
C) Advertising in the national press.
D) Making television commercials.
【答案】D
15. A) She has the motivation to do the job.
C) She is not so easy to get along with.
B) She knows the tricks of advertising.
D) She is not suitable for the position.
Passage One
Questions 16 to 19 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
16. A)The cozy communal life.
B)The cultural diversity.
C)Innovative academic programs.
D)Imperative school buildings. A
【答案】A
17. A)It is very beneficial to their academic progress.
B)It helps them soak up the surrounding culture.
C)It is as important as their learning experience.
D)It ensures their physical and mental heal.
【答案】C
18. A)It offers the most challenging academic programs.
B)It has the world’s best-known military academics.
C)It provides numerous options for students.
D)It draws faculty from all around the world.
【答案】C
19. A)They try to give students opportunities for experiment.
B)They are responsible merely to their Ministry of education.
C)They strive to develop every student’s academic potential.
D)They ensure that all students get roughly equal attention.
【答案】B
Passage Two
Questions 20 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.
20. A) It will arrive at Boulogne at half past two.
B) It crosses the English Channel twice a day.
C) It is now about half way to the French coast.
D) It is leaving Folkestone in about five minutes.
【答案】D
21. A) Opposite the ship’s office.
B) Next to the duty-free shop.
C) At the rear of B deck.
D) In the front of A deck.
【答案】D
22. A) It is for the sole use of passengers travelling with cars.
B) It is much more spacious than the lounge on C deck.
C) It is for the use of passengers travelling with children.
D) It is for senior passengers and people with VIP cards.
【答案】A
Passage Three
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
23. A) It was named a after its location.
B) It was named after its discoverer.
C) It was named after a cave art expert.
D) It was named after one of its painters.
【答案】B
24. A) Animal painting was part of the spiritual life of the time.
B) Deer were worshiped by the ancient Cro-Magnon people.
C) Cro-Magnon people painted animals they hunted and ate.
D) They were believed to keep evils away from cave dwellers.
【答案】C
25. A) They know little about why the paintings were created.
B) They have difficulty telling when the paintings were done.
C) They are unable to draw such interesting and fine paintings.
D) They have misinterpreted the meaning of the cave paintings.
【答案】A
Part II
Listening Section B
Directions:In this section,you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage,you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C)and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the centre.
If you are attending a local college, especially one without residence halls, you’ll probably live at home and commute to classes. This arrangement has a lot of(26)_____. It’s cheaper. It provides a comfortable and familiar setting, and it means you’ll get the kind of home cooking you’re used to instead of the monotony(单调)that(27)_____ even the best institutional food.
However, commuting students need to(28)_____ to become involved in the life of their college and to take special steps to meet their fellow students. Often, this means a certain amount of initiative on your part in(29)_____ and talking to people in your classes whom you think you might like.
One problem that commuting students sometimes face is their parents’ unwillingness to recognize that they’re adults. The(30)_____ from high school to college is a big one, and if you live at home you need to develop the same kind of independence you’d have if you were living away. Home rules that might have been(31)_____ when you were in high school don’t apply. If your parents are(32)_____ to renegotiate, you can speed the process along by letting your behavior show that you have the responsibility that goes with maturity. Parents are more willing to(33)_____ their children as adults when they behave like adults. If, however,there’s so much friction at home that it(34)_____ your academic work, you might want to consider sharing an apartment with one or more friends. Sometimes this is a happy solution when family(35)_____ make everyone miserable.
26._____ 【答案】advantages
27._____ 【答案】characterizes
28._____ 【答案】go out of their way
29._____ 【答案】seeking out
30._____ 【答案】transition
31._____ 【答案】appropriate
32._____ 【答案】reluctant
33._____ 【答案】acknowledge
34._____ 【答案】interferes
35._____ 【答案】tensions
Part III
reading comprehension
Section A
Directions:
Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.
Children are natural-born scientists. They have(36)_____minds, and they aren’t afraid to admit they don’t know something. Most of them,(37)_____ lose this as they get older. They become self-confidence and don’t want to appear stupid. Instead of finding things out for themselves they make(38)_____ that often turn out to be wrong.
So it’s not a case of getting kids interested in science. You just have to avoid killing the(39)_____ for learning that they were born with. It’s no coincidence that kids start deserting science once it becomes formalised. Child naturally have a blurred approach to(40)_____ knowledge. They see learning about science or biology or cooking as all part of the same act-it’s all learning. It’s only become of the practicalities of education that you have to start breaking down. the curriculum into specialize subjects. You need to have specialist teachers who(41)_____ what they know. Thus once they enter school, children begin to define subject and erect boundaries that needn’t otherwise exist.
Dividing subject into science maths, English, etc, is something we do for(42)_____. In the end it’s all learning. but many children today(43)_____themselves from a scientific form a scientific education. They think science is for scientists, not for them.
Of course we need to specialise(44)_____. Each of us has only so much time on Earth, so we can’t study everything. At 5 years old, our filed of knowledge and(45)_____ is broad, covering anything from learning to walk to learning to count. Gradually it narrows down so that by the time we are 45, it might be one tiny little corner within science.
注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
A. accidentally
B. acquiring
C. assumptions
D. convenience
E. eventually
F. exclude
G. exertion
H. exploration
I. formulas J. ignite K. impart L. inquiring
M. passion N .provoking O. unfortunately
36._____【答案】L 37._____【答案】O 38._____ 【答案】C
39._____【答案】M 40._____【答案】J 41._____ 【答案】K
42._____ 【答案】D 43._____【答案】F 44._____【答案】E 45._____【答案】H
Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
Meaning Is Healthier Than Happiness
[A]For at least the last decade, the happiness craze has been building. In the last three months alone, over 1,000 books on happiness were released on Amazon, including Happy Money, Happy-People-Pills For All, and, for those just starting out, Happiness for Beginners.
[B]One of the consistent claims of books like these is that happiness is associated with all sorts of good life outcomes, including - most promisingly - good health. Many studies have noted the connection between a happy mind and a healthy body - the happier you are, the better health outcomes we seem to have. In a meta-analysis (overview) of 150 studies on this topic, researchers put it like this: “Inductions of well-being lead to healthy functioning, and inductions of ill-being lead to compromised health.”
[C]But a new study, just published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) challenges the rosy picture. Happiness may not be as good for the body as researchers thought. It might even be bad.
[D]Of course, it’s important to first defin e happiness. A few months ago, I wrote a piece called “There’s More to Life Than Being Happy” about a psychology study that dug into what happiness really means to people. It specifically explored the difference between a meaningful life and a happy life.
[E]It seems strange that there would be a difference at all. But the researchers, who looked at a large sample of people over a month-long period, found that happiness is associated with selfish “taking” behavior and that having a sense of meaning in lif e is associated with selfless “giving” behavior.
[F]"Happiness without meaning characterizes a relatively shallow, self-absorbed or even selfish life, in which things go well, needs and desire are easily satisfied, and difficult or taxing entanglements are avoided," the authors of the study wrote. "If anything, pure happiness is linked to not helping others in need.” While being happy is about feeling good, meaning is derived from contributing to others or to society in a bigger way. As Roy Baumeister, one of the researchers, told me, "Partly what we do as human beings is to take care of others and contribute to others. This makes life meaningful but it does not necessarily make us happy.”
[G]The new PNAS study also sheds light on the difference between meaning and happiness, but on the biological level. Barbara Fredrickson, a psychological researcher who specializes in positive emotions at the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, and Steve Cole, a genetics and psychiatric researcher at UCLA, examined the self-reported levels of happiness and meaning in 80 research subjects.
[H]Happiness was defined, as in the earlier study, by feeling good. The researchers measured happiness by asking subjects questions like “How often did you feel happy?” “How often did you feel interested in life?” and “How often did you feel satisfied?” The more strongly people endorsed these measures of “hedonic well-being,” or pleasure, the higher they scored on happiness.
[I]Meaning was defined as an orientation to something bigger than the self. They measured meaning by asking questions like “How often did you feel that your life has a sense of direction or meaning to it?”, “How often did you feel that you had
something to contribute to society?”, and “How often did you feel that you belonged to a community social group?” The more people endorsed these measures of “eudaimonic well-being” - or, simply put, virtue - the more meaning they felt in life.
[J]After noting the sense of meaning and happiness that each subject had, Fredrickson and Cole, with their research colleagues, looked at the ways certain genes expressed themselves in each of the participants. Like neuroscientists who use fMRI scanning to determine how regions in the brain respond to different stimuli, Cole and Fredrickson are interested in how the body, at the genetic level, responds to feelings of happiness and meaning.
[K]Cole’s past work has linked various kinds of chronic adversity to a particular gene expression pattern. When people feel lonely, are grieving the loss of a loved one, or are struggling to make ends meet, their bodies go into threat mode. This triggers the activation of a stress-related gene pattern that has two features: an increase in the activity of prion flammatory genes and a decrease in the activity of genes involved in anti-viral responses.
[L]Cole and Fredrickson found that people who are happy but have little to no sense of meaning in their lives - proverbially, simply here for the party - have the same gene expression patterns as people who are responding to and enduring chronic adversity. That is, the bodies of these happy people are preparing them for bacterial threats by activating the pro-inflammatory response. Chronic inflammation is, of course, associated with major illnesses like heart disease and various cancers.
[M]“Empty positive emotions” - like the kind people experience during manic episodes or artificially induced euphoria from alcohol and drugs - ”are about as good for you for as adversity,” says Fredrickson.
[N]It’s important to understand that for many people, a sense of meaning and happiness in life overlap; many people score jointly high (or jointly low) on the happiness and meaning measures in the study. But for many others, there is a dissonance - they feel that they are low on happiness and high on meaning or that their lives are very high in happiness, but low in meaning. This last group, which has the gene expression pattern associated with adversity, formed a whopping 75 percent of study participants. Only one quarter of the study participants had what the researchers call “eudaimonic predominance” - that is, their sense of meaning outpaced their feelings of happiness.
[O]This is too bad given the more beneficial gene expression pattern associated with meaningfulness. People whose levels of happiness and meaning line up, and people who have a strong sense of meaning but are not necessarily happy, showed a deactivation of the adversity stress response. Their bodies were not preparing them for the bacterial infections that we get when we are alone or in trouble, but for the viral infections we get when surrounded by a lot of other people.
[P]Fredrickson’s past research, described in her two books, Positivity and Love 2.0, has mapped the benefits of positive emotions in individuals. She has found that positive emotions broaden a person’s perspective and buffers people against adversity. So it was surprising to her that hedonistic well-being, which is associated with positive emotions and pleasure, did so badly in this study compared with
eudaimonic well-being.
[Q]“It’s not the amount of hedonic happiness that’s a problem,” Fredrickson tells me, “It’s that it’s not matched by eudaimonic well-being. It’s great when both are in step. But if you have more hedonic well-being than would be expected, that’s when this [gene] pattern that’s akin to adversity emerged.”
[R]The terms hedonism and eudemonism bring to mind the great philosophical debate, which has shaped Western civilization for over 2,000 years, about the nature of the good life. Does happiness lie in feeling good, as hedonists think, or in doing and being good, as Aristotle and his intellectual descendants, the virtue ethicists, think? From the evidence of this study, it seems that feeling good is not en ough. People need meaning to thrive. In the words of Carl Jung, “The least of things with a meaning is worth more in life than the greatest of things without it.” Jung’s wisdom certainly seems to apply to our bodies, if not also to our hearts and our minds.
46. The author’s recent article examined how a meaningful life is different from a happy life.
【答案】D
47. It should be noted that many people feel their life is both happy and meaningful.
【答案】N
48. According to one survey, there is a close relationship between hedonic well-being measures and high scores on happy.
【答案】H
49. According to one of the authors of a new study, what makes life meaningful may not make people happy.
【答案】F
50. Experiments were carried out to determine our body’s gen etic expression of feelings of happiness and meaning.
【答案】J
51. A new study claims happiness may not contribute to health.
【答案】C
52. According to researchers, taking makes for happiness while giving adds meaning to life.
【答案】E
53. Evidence from research shows that it takes meaning for people to thrive.
【答案】R
54. With regard to gene expression patterns, happy people with little or no sense of meaning in life are found to be similar to those suffering from chronic adversity.
【答案】L
55. Most books on happiness today assert that happiness is beneficial to health.
【答案】B
Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Nothing succeeds in business books like the study of success. The current business-book boom was launched in 1982 by Tom Peters and Robert Waterman with “In Search of Excellence”. It has been kept going ever since by a succession of gurus and would-be gurus who promise to distil the essence of excellence into three(or five or seven)simple rules.
The Three Rules is a self-conscious contribution to this type; it even includes a bibliography of “success studies”. Messrs Raynor and Mumtaz Ahmed work for a consultancy, Deloitte, that is determined to turn itself into more of a thought-leader and less a corporate repairman. They employ all the tricks of the success genre. They insist that their conclusions are “measurable and actionable”-guide to behavior rather than analysis for its own sake. Success authors usually serve up vivid stories about how exceptional business-people stamped their personalities on a company or rescued it from a life-threatening crisis. Messrs Raynor and Ahmed are happier chewing the numbers: they provide detailed appendices on “calculating the elements of advantage” and “detailed analysis”.
The authors spent five years studying the behaviour of their 344 “exceptional companies”, only to come up at first with nothing. Every hunch(直觉)led to a blind alley and every hypothesis to a dead end. It was only when they shifted their attention from how companies behave to how they think that they began to make sense of their voluminous material.
Management is all about making difficult tradeoffs in conditions that are always uncertain and ever-changing. But exceptional companies approach these trade-offs with two simple rules in mind, sometimes consciously, sometimes unconsciously. First: better before cheaper. Companies are more likely to succeed in the long run if they compete on quality or performance than on price. Second: revenue before cost. Companies have more to gain in the long run from driving up revenue than by driving down costs.
Most success studies suffer from two faults. There is “the halo (光环) effect”, whereby good performance leads commentators to attribute all manner of virtues to anything and everything the company does. These virtues then suddenly become vices when the company fails. Messrs Raynor and Ahmed work hard to avoid these mistakes by studying large bodies of data over several decades. But they end up embracing a different error: stating the obvious. Most businesspeople will not be surprised to learn that it is better to find a profitable niche(缝隙市场)and focus on boosting your revenues than to compete on price and cut your way to success. The difficult question is how to find that profitable niche and protect it. There, The Three Rules is less useful.
56. What kind of business books are most likely to sell well?
A) Books on excellence.
B) Guides to management.
C) Books on business rules.
D) Analyses of market trends.
【答案】A
57. What does the author imply about books on success so far?
A) They help businessmen on way or another.
B) They are written by well-recognised experts.
C) They more or less fall into the same stereotype.
D) They are based on analyses of corporate leaders.
【答案】C
58. How does The Three Rules different from other success books according to the passage?
A) It focuses on the behavior of exceptional businessmen.
B) It bases its detailed analysis on large amount of data.
C) It offers practicable advice to businessmen.
D) It draws conclusion from vivid examples.
【答案】B
59. What does the passage say contributes to the success of exceptional companies?
A) Focus on quality and revenue.
B) Management and sales promotion.
C) Lower production costs and competitive prices.
D) Emphasis on after-sale service and maintenance.
【答案】A
60. What is the author’s comment on The Three Rules?
A. It can help to locate profitable niches.
B. It has little to offer to businesspeople.
C. It is noted for its detailed data analysis.
D. It fails to identify the keys to success.
【答案】B
Passage Two
Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.
Until recently, the University of Kent prided itself on its friendly image. Not any more. Over the past few months it has been working hard. With the help of media consultants, to play down its cosy reputation in favour of something more academic and serious.
Kent is not alone in considering an image revamp (翻新). Changes to next year’s funding regime are forcing universities to justify charging students up to ?9,000 in fees.
Nowadays universities are putting much more of a focus on their brands and what their value propositions are .While in the past universities have often focused on student social life and attractions of the university town in recruitment campaigns, they are now concentrating on more tangible(实在的)attractions, such as employment prospects, engagement with industry, and lecturer contact hours, making clear exactly
what students are going to get for their money.
The problem for universities is that if those benefits fail to materialize, students notice. That worries Rob Behrens, who deals with student complaints. “Universities need to be extremely careful in describing what’s going to happen to students” he says. “As competition is going to get greater for attracting gifted students, there is a danger that universities will go the extra mile.”
One university told prospective engineering students they would be able to design a car and race it at Brands Hatch, which never happened, he says. Others have promised use of sophisticated equipment that turned out to be broken or unavailable. “If universities spent as much money on handling complaints and appeal s appropriately as they spend on marketing, they would do better at keeping students, and in the National Student Survey returns,” he says.
Ongoing research tracking prospective 2012 students suggests that they are not only becoming more time researching evidence to back up institutional claims.
Hence the growing importance of the student survey. From next September. All institutions will also be expected to publish on their websites key information sets, allowing easier comparison between institution, between promises and reality, and the types of jobs and salaries graduates go on to.
As a result, it is hardly surprising that universities are beginning to change the way they market themselves. While the best form of marketing for institutions is to be good at what they do, they also need to be clear about how they are different from others.
And it is vital that once an institution claims to be particularly good at something, it must live up to it, The moment you position yourself, you become exposed, and if you fail in that you are in trouble.
61. What was the University of Kent famous for?
A. Its comfortable campus life.
B. Its up-to-date course offerings.
C. Its distinguished teaching staff.
D. Its diverse academic programmes.
【答案】A
62. What are universities trying to do to attract students?
A. Improve their learning environment.
B. Upgrade their campus facilities
C. Offer more scholarships to the gifted.
D. Present a better academic image.
【答案】A
63. What does Rob Behrens suggest universities do in marketing themselves?
A. Publicise the achievements of their graduates.
B. Go to extra lengths to cater to students needs.
C. Refrain from making promises they cannot honor.
D. Survey the expectations of their prospective students.
【答案】C
64. What is students’ chief consideration in choosing a university?
A. Whether it promises the best job prospects.
B. Whether it is able to deliver what they want.
C. Whether it ranks high among similar institutions.
D. Whether it offers opportunities for practical training.
【答案】B
65. What must universities show to win recruitment campaigns?
A. They are positioned to meet the future needs of society.
B. They are responsible to students for their growth.
C. They are ever ready to improve themselves.
D. They are unique one way or another.
【答案】D
Part IV
Translation
Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
自从1978年启动改革以来,中国已从
计划
项目进度计划表范例计划下载计划下载计划下载课程教学计划下载
经济转为以市场为基础的经济,经历了经济和社会的快速发展。平均10%的GDP增长已使五亿多人脱贫。联合国的“千年(millennium)发展目标”在中国均已达到或即将达到。目前,中国的第十二个五年规划强调发展服务业和解决环境及社会不平衡的问题。政府已设定目标减少污染,提高能源效率,改善得到教育和医保的机会,并扩大社会保障。中国现在7%的经济年增长目标表明政府是在重视生活质量而不是增长速度。
【答案】Since the reform in 1978, China has developed to a market-based economy from the planned economy and experienced rapid economic and social development. The average of 10 percent of GDP growth has helped over five hundred million people out of poverty. The United Nations “millennium development goals” have already reached or are about to reach in China. At present, China's Twelfth Five-Year Plan emphasizes the development of services and solutions to environmental and social imbalances. The Government has set a target to reduce pollution, improve energy efficiency and improve the access to education and medical insurance, and extend social support network. The current 7% annual economic growth target of China demonstrates that the government values the quality of life rather than the rate of growth.
附:翻译评分标准
本题满分为15分,成绩分为六个档次:13-15分、10-12分、7-9分、4-6分、1-3分和0分。各档次的评分标准见下表:
档次评?分?标?准13-15分译文准确表达了原文的意思。用词贴切,行文流畅,基本上无语言错误,仅有个别小错。10-12分译文基本上表达了原文的意思。文字通顺、连贯,无重大语言错误。7-9分译文勉强表达了原文的意思。用词欠准确,语言错误相当多,其中有些是严重语言错误。4-6分译文仅表达了一小部分原文的意思。用词不准确,有相当多的严重语言错误。1-3分译文支离破碎。除个别词语或句子,绝大部分文字没有表达原文意思。0分未作答,或只有几个孤立的词,或译文与原文毫不相关。
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