本土老板为何总喜欢一企业权独大（Why do local bosses like a corporate franchise）

本土老板为何总喜欢一企业权独大（Why do local bosses like a corporate franchise） 本土老板为何总喜欢一企业权独大(Why do local bosses like a corporate franchise) The West there are two different management modes: Western management advocates "rule of law", emphasizes the "system" to achieve the control of the "thing"; oriental management tries to "rule of man", emphasizes the "centralization of power" to achieve "people" constraints. In the management of managers, the differences between eastern and Western management show incisively and vividly. Although local managers praise the "Eastern Management" of "profound conception", the "rule of man" often leads to "one power" of the boss, and the manager becomes his vassal. Thus, the principal-agent problem appears: managers or Sungongfeisi, pocketed or; rise up, turned on; or a fundamental solution, run away? In contrast, seemingly "western management rigid", but in the fall to prove their superiority. Western management adhere to the system fair, thus largely stripped of the "human nature" interference. Under the premise of equality, within the scope of the system, managers are "reasonable authorized", the human needs are met, the two sides achieved a win-win situation. Why do Chinese bosses favor eastern management more? First of all, the boss thinks the western management is not suitable for the soil in china. Second, privilege has a unique effect on the boss. As for the former, the fact has proved that this is a false proposition, and for the latter we have the question: where does this utility come from? Why does the boss have a special liking for privileges? Eastern culture emphasizes collectivism, and individual interests should be subordinated to collective interests, but the privileged class is not bound by it. It is based on this characteristic that the privileged culture of Chinese society can be formed, and the privileged stratum becomes the goal of the general public, and the local boss naturally can not avoid the vulgar. In an equal organization, the boss is not a privileged class, and it is an equal contractual relationship with subordinates, and there is no personal attachment. However, in the organizations that maintain privileges, there is always a personal attachment relationship centered on the boss. Under such a relationship, it is impossible for an underling to have an independent and equal personality, and that obedience to the boss is the whole of his own rights, and that such domination is a prerequisite for entry into the organization and is unconditional. Obviously, privileged groups are given the maximum power in the organization and undertake the obligations to the minimum. In other words, by squeezing the rights and interests of the members of the organization, the individual's equity space is magnified. The boss becomes a privileged class and will receive greater respect from the members of the organization. The boss as the group's leader, respect is natural, but rely on privilege maintain organization, establish an equal relationship on the basis of respect for the establishment of the transformation of personal attachment based on unconditional worship". Think of the Cooley "mirrorself Theory: according to others (the mirror) on their attitude to self perception. The boss, once formed, under the "worship" bound by various behavior (such as an expression, etc.) and the "mirror" the boss has illusory perception of self concept. However, while the boss is greatly satisfied, the interests and dignity of his subordinates are ignored. Because the personal attachment is not the core of the following construction, and subordinates to express worship, we must first abandon their equal status. Obviously, the boss, as a privileged class, is given the utmost respect in the organization and, to the minimum, is required to respect others. In other words, the boss's self-esteem is magnified by depriving his subordinates of self-esteem. The formation of privileged organizations is from top to bottom. The boss by obtaining a privileged status, get real benefits and emotional pleasure, which makes them a powerful incentive to consolidate this privilege structure way is for the privilege of obedience as the important standard to judge the performance of subordinates. So, in order to subordinate "progress", continue to match up, and when subordinates a certain level of privilege, he will ask his subordinates, In order to make up for their superiors by crowding out the rights and self-esteem, in order to enjoy the "high place" emotional pleasure. We can also say that the formation of privileged organizations is "bottom-up". It is because under the hypothesis of the boss (or other privileged) for transferring interests and issued a "obey signal" to meet their needs, so, in order to obtain long-term returns, will automatically give "equal status", conscientiously implement the behavior, make more hierarchies within the organization is quite distinct from each other. In this privilege structure, the decentralization of managers can not be realized naturally. Inducement: growth experience of local boss The influence of culture is only one aspect. The special growth experience of local bosses is also an important incentive for them to stick to the centralization of power. In order to understand the growth experience of local bosses, we need to clarify the three stages of the evolution of enterprise form: First, the pre Chandler era". At this time, the market coordination ability is low, manufacturing is not the mainstream, can only rely on the boss to find information, in tandem. The fate of an enterprise is usually decided by the boss himself. Second, "the age of Chandler."". At this point, with the deepening of social division of labor, the manufacturing capacity of enterprises has greatly improved, and the production and marketing process has become very complicated. Thus, the boss established organizational structure, such as bureaucracy, and created a manager system. Such businesses are often "big and all", and the boss begins to fall behind the scenes. Professional managers are beginning to be the protagonists. Third, the post Chandler era". At this time, the main body of the market by the isolation of steering webs, joint production with their comparative advantage. The market demands that the enterprise be more acute and more flexible, so the enterprises become smaller again, and the role of managers is increasing day by day. With the evolution of the enterprise form, the role of the boss gradually weakened, and its impact on enterprises gradually give way to professional managers. In western countries, because of the long process of enterprise evolution, the process of weakening usually goes through generations, thus realizing "soft landing"". In China, the process of enterprise evolution is much faster, the boss is likely to feel the transformation and role conversion brought pains. It is important to note that this evolution is based on the very positive self-concept of the boss. When the market economy break the planned economic system of the ice, China first generation entrepreneurs came into being. After their success by themselves, and "entrepreneurial failure and failed entrepreneurs of social comparison, formation of self concept on their own wisdom, courage, strong leadership. In this context, when the role of managers increases, the boss's self-awareness has created a huge crisis. This moves the boss's self - protective defense mechanism and uses two defensive patterns to eliminate this insecurity". First of all, for others, a display of power. In some companies, the boss or manager, beyond their own prestige covered the main high power "in. So, the boss will replace the managers for others, daily decisions, take practical action to declare himself is the owner of the enterprise. Second, reduce the value of managers. Although the manager is chosen by the boss himself, the powerful opponent is clearly not conducive to maintaining the prestige and privileges of the boss. So, when managers encounter "Waterloo" in the business, the boss always exaggerate the failure, to highlight its superior in stratagem. This is actually a kind of "self serving bias", that is, when individuals are dealing with information, they consciously collect information which is beneficial to themselves, and shield themselves from information that is disadvantageous to themselves and serve themselves". The result is that the boss in "decentralization" more cautious, strengthen the "centralization", so as not to "enterprise" bias". That is to say, when the boss's self-esteem is threatened, the two outcomes of his self defense are the strengthening of his control over power. When the existence of power becomes the symbol of self-esteem, the "decentralization" of managers in the "rule of law" naturally becomes empty talk. In short, The monetary income of diminishing marginal utility cannot meet the special needs of the local boss under the special cultural background and growth experience, and only the privilege above the system can meet such demand. In other words, the governance structure of local business owner "one power alone" is actually the inevitable outcome of the boss's pursuit of the above utility! Although Chinese boss favor "a right dominant" history, culture, system background, I still believe that, with the evolution of the market economy, the "rule of man" evil will be gradually enlarged in the eyes of the local boss, finally chose to return to the "rule of law". MBA MBA is the abbreviation of English Master, Of, Business, Administration (MBA), and its Chinese abbreviation is "work tube master"". Master of engineering is a professional master's degree from Europe and the United States to train high and medium professional managers. Master of engineering is the product of market economy, train high-quality managers, professional managers and entrepreneurs. Master of engineering management business is generally considered a stepping stone to management class. At present, many schools, in order to broaden their financial resources and increase their income, have worked with world-renowned universities and business schools to sell their MBA programmes. Master of engineering is trained in high quality professional business management personnel, so that they master the production, finance, finance, marketing, economic laws and regulations, international business and other multi-disciplinary knowledge and management skills. The first is for the top management of the service company to enroll in the course, usually taking advantage of working hours after the practice, known as EMBA Executive (MBA). The second is an ordinary MBA programme for current managers or college graduates enrolled in order to improve their management knowledge, which is the basic archetype of mba. The third is for serving employees or more than two years work experience, to strengthen the professional foundation of the MBA, master of Business Administration (also called Master of Science in Business Administration, referred to as MScBA). Tutorial materials Former MBA examination guidance materials are more, generally with the Mechanical Industry Publishing House series of MBA, MPA, MPACC entrance examination auxiliary teaching material: divided into comprehensive and English two door. Prepared by the national MBA entrance exam materials research center, the upper right corner of Huazhang education ". This paragraph is taught MBA The first is to face the MBA project, Harvard University was born in 1908 in the United States, has been a hundred years old. It is through face-to-face teaching. The second is the remote MBA project, which was first proposed by McCann University in America in 1995 and has a history of more than 10 years. Is through the network multimedia form carries on the instruction. Features of this degree MBA is a degree that focuses on complex and integrated talents. It is the ability to develop a degree that is more important than imparting knowledge. It teaches the management of the actual situation rather than the management of research. The cultivation of skills and thinking is more important than theoretical analysis. It requires its graduates to have some practical experience and management experience (adaptability, prediction ability, comprehensive ability, organizational ability, etc.). The content of the course includes management, economics, finance, finance, law and so on, not only pay attention to ability training organization, leadership, also relates to eloquence based communication ability, management ability, judgment and ability to deal with problems and so on. MBA is a degree with a degree of work experience. In reality, it is considered as a career accelerator or conversion tool after 3 years of professional experience, that is, promotion and job hopping. And MBA's learning will, to a great extent, help. As a professional master's degree, MBA is different from the general master's degree. The first is the different cultivation objectives: MBA is capable of cultivating pragmatic type, business management and economic management departments need complex and application-oriented high-level management personnel, and other graduate students is to cultivate high-level scientific research and teaching talents with solid theoretical foundation and strong research and teaching ability; secondly is the culture of different objects, with more than three years working experience in MBA general undergraduate enrollment targets, the state organs and institutions of cadres and personnel management business and technical personnel, and other graduate students to recruit graduates, can also recruit staff; third is to develop in different ways, from the essence of education MBA is a kind of occupation training, with particular emphasis on the mastery of modern management theories and methods, through the business case analysis, The actual observation, analysis and decision-making skills training to cultivate students' practical skills, to make the students accept the knowledge and skills, personality and psychology, goal and desire of such challenges, more occupation competition, and other graduate students will focus on learning theory, academic research. Although MBA and other graduate students in the aspects of difference, but it is in the teaching management and school enrollment of basically the same: must participate in the national unified entrance examination, according to the national regulation of admission line unified admission; made in the school according to the formal postgraduate standard teaching management; makes the dissertation and by the defense of this degree, more show the importance of MBA. Origin of this paragraph MBA education originated in the United states. In general, the first American School of management was established in 1881 in the United States of Pennsylvania State University The Wharton School of Finance and Economics; and the MBA training program (MBAProgram) later, was born in Harvard University. At the very beginning of management education, emphasis was placed on the cultivation of tolerance and character rather than on practical expertise. There was no enthusiastic reaction from the business community. By the end of the twentieth Century and the beginning of the nineteenth Century, the introduction of management education in the business sector had developed initially. After the Second World War, management education is booming, this is mainly due to the clear separation of the two World War the United States corporate ownership and management, the enterprise management personnel to the rapid expansion of demand. At the end of the war, the economy was transformed into a peacetime economy, and people's consumption power was greatly released, and the market flourished, bringing a lot of expansion opportunities for enterprises. Many veterans went to college under the veterans Education Act, many of them choosing business schools to study at MBA, and the Harvard University's brilliant 1947 was the leader of this "generation of excellence.". Many weaknesses of the surge in demand eventually exposed the United States Institute of management in the goals, means and academic level, in 1958 the United States foundation and the Ford Foundation report their invariably clear the nature of education management practice, quantitative analysis ability and the basic form of advocate strengthening, then the influence of structured rather broad curriculum system. After that, in 60s and 70s, the focus of education in the United States was on the MBA. The number of MBA degrees awarded annually by the United States reached more than 20% of the total number of master's degrees, and once again entered an unprecedented period of vigorous development. In 80s, in 1984, "Harvard Business Review", "management of unsatisfactory management education, deal with the decline in the international competitiveness have certain responsibility" criticism of education in the United States as the representative of the criticism of MBA, Dean of School of management caused profound reflection. But this time not to a unified model, but to their exploration, which formed the innovation of education management in 80s include: internationalization; curriculum integration; to strengthen leadership, teamwork and management skills training to enrich the students' knowledge of science and technology; ethics of enterprises and entrepreneurs attention; practice network university and Distance Education (Virtual Bschool) and so on. The world's most famous business school, Harvard Business School, pioneered the teaching of case analysis - the use of case studies of the real world instead of over reliance on academic theories. This approach is still the foundation of the MBA curriculum, so Harvard Business School MBA education is seen as the real beginning of world MBA education. In the United States, MBA learning includes a two-year course. During the summer months between the first and second academic year, students can practice. In the first year, students learn the core business disciplines, that is, required courses, including finance, marketing, management, general operations, management and accounting. In second years, students can take optional subjects that they want to learn. The most popular courses in elective courses are: strategic management, finance, accounting and marketing. These are practical majors. MBA students are generally between 20 and 30 years of age and have 2 to 4 years of work experience. The development of European MBA was initially hampered by government regulations. In many European countries, the government does not allow social fund universities to start "professional" business courses. This situation continued until 1950s. A group of French entrepreneurs began to establish private business schools, offering an unusual European MBA education. The INSEAD business school in Fontainebleau, France, was founded in 1958. Switzerland's IMEDE Business School (now IMD) was established in Lausanne, Switzerland, a few years later. The European MBA and the United States, only one year, the age of the candidate must be nearly 30 years old, or 30 years old, so you can put more management experience into the classroom, and that American business schools are different. From the very beginning, these European business schools were particularly concerned with the internationalization of overall management education. The courses they designed both integrate practical skills and emphasize the learning of global culture and business knowledge. European business schools also use case studies, but more encouraging team based project collaboration. The British government's intention to establish a "centre of excellence in business teaching and research" led to the establishment of the London Business School and the Manchester business school in 1964. The two business schools adopt the two-year full-time teaching model in the United states. Cranfield, Huawei (Warrick) Warwick and Lancaster business school in the UK have also set up a MBA course, they take a one-year educational system in europe. However, business schools in Europe had only a small impact on America's dominance in the field of MBA education. Between 60s and 70s, more Europeans chose to study MBA in the United States than europe. By 1979, the United States once has 500 MBA courses, and only a few very few in europe. All this Professor Charles Handy (Professor Charles Handy) a word with contempt report, the report that the British government realized the serious imbalance of American commercial education. In 1979, Britain broke the two monopolies of the London Business School and the Manchester business school, allowing any British university to launch its own MBA program. France took the same steps in the early 80s. Finally, Germany adopted the idea in 1998. In the field of MBA education, the United States is still thriving, with 600 MBA courses, and 70 thousand full-time MBA students. But Europe is catching up too. Today, there are more than 100 business schools in the UK, more than 70 in France, 50 in Spain, and 20 in germany. Today, Europe has around 10 thousand full-time MBA students and 15 thousand part-time students MBA.