《三国演义》中曹操人物形象分析

《三国演义》中曹操人物形象分析 摘要:曹操是中国历史上为人熟知的人物之一，人们对他的看法纷纭错杂、毁誉不一。毁者把他说成白脸的奸臣、专门玩弄权术的小人、“宁我负人，勿人负我”的极端利己者;誉者则目之为命世英雄、杰出的军事家、政治家、文学家。有关史书记载，既善恶错出，又真假难辨。其实，曹魏政权是曹操在农民起义的影响下，自己苦心经营出来的。当时尺土一民，皆非汉有，汉朝还有什么可供曹操篡夺的呢,曹操确实是玩弄了一套“挟天子以令诸侯”的把戏，但这样做，还是为大汉朝延长了二十余年名义上的国祚。假若曹操是奸臣的话，那么，二袁、刘 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 、刘备、孙权等人中谁是忠臣呢,如果找不出一个能维护大汉政权的忠臣来，还能说曹操是奸臣吗, 关键词:曹操精神思想丰富唯才是用悲剧英雄 在丰富多彩的明清小说中，历史演义小说是一个非常兴盛的分支。而在众多的历史演义小说中，《三国演义》无疑是最为成功的典范。西方哲学诠释学认为，对一部文学作品的解读不是读者通过文本把握作者原意的过程，而是读者依据自身的历史性使文本的意义得以不断创生和流动的过程。哲学诠释学的代表人物伽达默尔曾说:“文本的意义超越它的作者，这并不只是暂时的，而是永远如此的。因此，理解就不只是一种复制的行为，而始终是一种创造性的行为。”《三国演义》自元末明初成书以来，其博大精深的思想文化内涵正是在历代读者的诠释和解读之下才得到不断丰富和发展，从而使这部作品直至今天仍然具有旺盛的生命力。 “拥刘反曹”思想是《三国演义》中无法回避的问 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 。对于《三国演义》这一“拥刘反曹”的基本思想倾向，在清初毛纶、毛宗岗父子对《三国演义》进行校正、删改、评点的过程中，得到了强化，使《三国演义》的正统色彩和伦理道德观念更加浓厚。因此，越来越多的读者在品评曹操这个人物形象时，自觉不自觉地总是把他归为反面人物，并加以夸张，使一个粉脸奸臣、狡诈枭雄、玩弄权术的曹操形象呈现在世人面前。曹操在大众心目中成了一个不折不扣的政治野心家和阴谋家，他代表了封建统治者的诡诈、残忍、多疑、机变等一系列特征。然而历史上的曹操却是一个杰出的政治家、军事家，下面笔者将从三个层面讨论一下个人对曹操的解读。 一、一个精神思想丰富的人物 年轻时期的曹操机智警敏并有随机权衡应变的能力，但却任性好侠、放荡不羁、不修品行、不研究学业，所以社会上没有人认为他有什么特别的才能，只有梁国的桥玄等人认为他不平凡。桥玄对曹操说:“天下将乱，非命世之才不能济也，能安之者，其在君乎,”南阳何颙对他说:“汉室将亡，安天下者，必此人也～”许劭，以知人著称。据《后汉书?许劭传》记载，他也曾对曹操说过:“君清平之奸贼，乱世之英雄。”《三国志》中评价曹操是“治世之能臣，乱世之奸雄。”孙盛《异同杂语》及《三国演义》中亦认为其为“子治世之能臣，乱世之奸雄也。”曹操精神思想具体表现如下: (一)生机勃发，勇于进取的政治家风度。董卓作乱，群臣束手无策、无奈痛哭之时，曹操站出来说:“从早哭到晚，从夜哭到明， 就能将董卓哭死吗,”群臣异样，曹操便提出了刺杀董卓的主意，并由他自己去执行，尽管未获得成功，但他顺便来个跪地献刀，暂时瞒过董卓，潜逃乡里。从此，召义兵，会合各路诸侯讨伐董卓。在这条举义讨贼的路上，他历尽艰辛与磨难，却没有知难而退，而是勇于进取，足见其政治家的风度。 (二)唯才是举，随能任事的博大胸襟。曹操和刘备“煮酒论英雄”，说“今天下英雄，唯使君与操耳。本初之徒，不足数也。”这句话充分体现了曹操的自信，袁绍、袁术、刘表等无论见识、才干、能力、用人的确都不如曹操，这点是无可争议的。他不拘一格，唯才是用，求贤若渴。他身边的文臣阮瑀投其门下时颇有些喜剧色彩。当初，曹操闻其名，征阮瑀出来做官，阮瑀不应，曹连连逼促，阮瑀乃遁入山中。不料，曹操有一颗火热的心，不肯罢休，使人放火烧山，阮瑀招架不住，只得出山，投其门下。这就说明曹操求贤若渴。不仅如此，徐庶、关羽、周瑜他都想聘其门下，他曾以强力乃至欺骗将徐庶骗至营帐，而徐庶到达曹营后方知上当，从此徐庶一言不发，一策不献。曹操攻下徐州和小沛后，劝降关羽并约法三章，其中一条便是:“如果有一天找到刘备下落，不管天涯海角，我都要追随哥哥而去，请丞相勿拦。”关羽降曹后，曹操美酒玉食，锦衣美女，好生伺候着关羽，并将吕布的赤兔马赠与关羽，可知道，这匹赤兔马，曹操的世子曹丕向他请求了数次他都没有答应，由此足见曹操对人才的渴望和留住人才的赤诚之心。他也曾想聘任周瑜:“曹闻听周瑜年少有美才，乃秘密下扬州，遣蒋干往说周瑜， 可惜周瑜不为所动。否则，赤壁之战这一页将是另一种写法。”长坂坡对赵云又何尝不是动了惜才之心，起初不忍杀之，只可活捉，只是后来拼杀的过程中赵云锐不可当、越杀越勇，曹操不得已方痛下杀令。 (三)赏功罚罪，严正不苟的法治思想。曹操能统领百万雄师，靠的是严正不苟的法治。古者有云:“法不加御尊”，而曹操则不然。他的战马受惊，误入农田，按照曹操军法，应当斩首，自己制法又犯法，他觉得不加法于己则无法服众，于是想出了割发代首之计。这既打破了“法不加于尊”的古训，又维护了军阀的权威。况且割掉几根头发并没什么大碍。曹操在《败军令》中说:“司马法将军死缓，是古之将者，军破于外，而家受罪于内也。自命将征行，但赏功而不罚罪，非国典也，其令诸将出征，败军者抵罪，失利者免官爵。”可见他赏功罚罪，正大光明。 (四)勇往直前，开拓创新的精神。汉朝末期可谓“家家欲为帝王，人人欲为公侯”的时代，曹操“挟天子以令诸侯”，并吞八荒，权势越来越大。身处汉朝后期的曹操，看破了大汉气数将尽，有取而代之之心，也有取而代之之行，但他终究还是没有改号称帝，不是没有胆量取代大汉皇朝，而是不愿意自己开这先河而成为群雄的众矢之的，于是他选择了“挟天子以令诸侯”，如此看来，曹操是多么聪明。面对曹操的“嚣张”与日渐雄起的霸业，各路公卿、士大夫既妒之又怯之，各路诸侯都打着“兴复大汉”的旗号，高喊着“诛杀曹贼”的口号，群起而攻，人人都想”啖操肉，寝操皮”。 而曹操却毫无怯意，傲视群雄，一如既往地继续致力于扩展自己的事业从而一统中原。如“火烧白凤楼”一辑，曹营将士抓住了带头起义的耿纪，将其带至曹操面前，曹问耿道:“你为何杀我,”耿答:“我杀的是篡国贼。”操言:“大汉气数已尽，我替大汉兴复天下，有何过错,你们没有看到现在中原地区百姓生活幸福安康，乐享天年吗,这一切是谁的功劳,是我～曹操～我就不明白你们为何还死守着这个俨然已成废墟的大汉有何用,愚忠啊，愚忠～”这一小节正体现了曹操的远大理想，却也展露了他四面楚歌的悲境。 从这些思想层面来看，笔者一直以为，曹操虽然奸诈，但是奸诈得直爽，他从不会去掩饰自己的贪婪，他从不会认错却绝对会有错改错。他想要取代汉朝而建立自己的魏国，他不掩盖自己的野心，挟天子以令诸侯，光明正大地在满朝文武和世人面前展现自己对天子的震慑力。 二、一个唯才是用的多疑者 曹操曾经提出两个用人的观点:一是贤人多出自社会下层，“曾不出闾巷”，如“被褐怀玉钓于渭滨”的姜子牙就是其中的典型人物。因过去只注重在社会上中层选拔人才，导致社会下层的贤人没有机会发挥才能。二是用人必须唯才是举，如按东汉时期以德行取士的 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 ，就得不到陈平这样的人才，如果只选用廉士，齐桓公也不可能称霸。 曹操的用人思想，概括起来有两句话:为我所用，唯才是用。曹操与袁绍曾经讨论时局，袁绍说:“吾南据河，北阻燕代，兼戎狄 之众，南向一争天下。”曹操则曰:“吾任天下之智力，以道御之，无所不可。”这句话道出了曹操的政治谋略:把人才问题看作政治斗争中最根本的战略问题。陈寿先生的《三国志》最后有一段评价:战胜袁绍是曹操一生中最重要的功业，曹操为什么最终能够“克成鸿业”呢,有两个原因，一是曹操精于谋略，二是曹操“各因其器”，善于用人。可见用人之道对于事业的成功是极其重要的。 东汉末年，政治腐败。相比较而言，曹操的政治基础不如袁绍、孙权。因此曹操知道用人，首先要有人可用，这便要解决如何网罗人才，如何让更多的人才为我所用的问题。为了让更多、更全面的人才为我所用，曹操可谓用尽苦心，他的用人策略主要表现在以下几个方面: (一)广施恩惠，打造爱才的形象。这是曹操用人思想的基础。曹操的爱才，是因为他确实需要人才，所以从内心深处真正爱惜人才，他想方设法集聚人才，为自己所用;当然光爱才不行，还必须让天下人知道自己爱才。因此他对人才态度谦恭，充分展现自己的爱才之意。只要高士来，曹操就情不自禁，喜形于色。如初平二年，荀彧弃绍投操，被操赞为“吾之子房。”建安五年，许攸来投，曹跳出迎之抚掌笑曰:“子远，卿来，吾事济也。”另外他也广施恩惠，大义收买人心。张绣降曹操又叛离曹操，还差点要了曹操的性命，就连曹操的大儿子曹昂、侄子曹安民也死于张绣手中。后来，张绣又投向曹操，曹操不计前仇，封他为侯。容忍过五关斩六将的关羽 等，曹操把爱才的心意展示得淋漓尽致。 (二)建立制度，积极营造求才的氛围。为了网罗人才，曹操先后发过三次求贤令，这也是曹操的高明之处，也说明曹操的“人才 工程 路基工程安全技术交底工程项目施工成本控制工程量增项单年度零星工程技术标正投影法基本原理 ”是一个实实在在的系统工程。“孟公绰为赵魏老则优，不可以为滕薛大夫。”这句话出自《论语》，是孔子说的一句话，意思是:“孟公绰叫他做晋国赵氏、魏氏的家臣，那是力有余裕的，却没有能力做滕、薛这样小国的大夫。”曹操引用孔子这句话，说明有德者未必有才。 建安十九年(公元214年)，曹操发布第二次求贤令，令中说:“夫有行之士未必能进取，进取之士未必能有行也。陈平岂笃行，苏秦岂守信邪,而陈平定汉业，苏秦济弱燕。由此言之，士有偏短，庸可废乎～有司明思此义，则士无遗滞，官无废业矣。”明确提出对人才不能求全责备，再次强调不能以德行作为取士的标准。建安二十二年(公元217年)，曹操第三次发布求贤令:“昔伊挚、傅说出于贱人。管仲、桓公贼也，皆用之以兴。萧何、曹参，县吏也，韩信、陈平，负污辱之名，有见笑之耻，卒能成就王业，声著千载。吴起贪将，杀妻自信，散金求官，母死不归。然在魏，秦人不敢东向;在楚，则三晋不敢南谋。今天下得无有至德之人放在民间，及果敢不顾，临敌力战。若文俗之吏，高才异质，或堪为将守。负污辱之名、见笑之行，或不仁不孝而有治国用兵之术，其各举所知，勿有所遗。”在这次求贤令中，曹操列举商代、春秋战国和西汉的一批将相之才，这些人或出身微贱，或曾是君王死敌，或负污辱之 名，或不仁不孝，但都有治国用兵之才，古代君王起用他们，故而成就了王霸之业。伊挚即伊尹，他本来是陪嫁奴隶，商汤把他从奴隶群中提拔出来，作为自己的助手。伊尹助商汤以七十里起家，灭夏桀建立商朝。傅说是商王武丁的贤臣，武丁“举傅说于版筑之间”，傅说辅佐武丁治国，使武丁成为中兴之主。管仲是齐国贤相，他曾用箭射伤齐桓公，但齐桓公不计前嫌，把齐国交给管仲治理，成就“九合诸侯，一匡天下”的伟业。吴起是战国名将，魏、楚的强大都有他的功劳，但此人曾杀妻求将，母死不奔丧，可谓不仁不孝。萧何、曹参、韩信、陈平都是西汉人，萧、曹本为沛县县吏，韩信曾忍受胯下之辱，陈平有盗嫂受金污名，这四个人辅佐刘邦成就王业，“声著千载”。曹操以这些人为例，希望不拘一格起用人才，成就自己的王霸之业。 《三国志》的作者陈寿称曹操是“非常之人，超世之杰。”他说:“汉末天下大乱，雄豪并起，而袁绍虎视四州，强盛莫敌。太祖(曹操)运筹演谋，鞭挞宇内。揽申、商之法术，该韩、白之奇策。官方授材，各因其器，矫情任算，不念旧恶。终能总御皇机，克成洪业者，惟其明略最优也。抑可谓非常之人，超世之杰矣。”司马光在《资治通鉴》中对曹操也作出高度评介，他说:“王(曹操)知人善察，难眩以伪。识拔奇才，不拘微贱，随能任使，皆获其用。与敌对陈，意思安闲，如不欲战然;及至决机乘胜，气势盈溢。勋劳宜赏，不吝千金;无功望施，分毫不与。用法峻急，有犯必戮，或对之流涕，然终无所赦。雅性节俭，不好华丽。故能芟刈群雄， 几平海内。” (三)有才不拒，充分表露惜才的情感。无论是对部下，还是对敌人，曹操都时刻注意体现出惜才的情感。曹操有一个名叫魏种的部下，在别人叛变的时候，曹操说“唯魏种不弃孤也。”结果魏种临阵脱逃。恨得曹操咬牙切齿，“一定要惩处他也～”后来魏种又被抓住，曹操居然不仅没有惩罚他，还亲自“释其缚而用之”，对于降谁杀谁的吕布，他也差点“释其缚而用之”了。但是，为了使人才为我所用，曹操甚至常常不择手段、逼才就范。徐庶本是刘备的谋士，协助刘备与曹操作战，新野之战让曹操吃了败仗，因此曹操不惜采取以挟持徐母为人质的方式，把徐庶逼进曹营，虽然徐庶进曹营一言不发，但是曹操仍然将他奉为上宾。不过曹操的用才也是有前提的，一旦他对谁产生了怀疑，不管是忠是奸，他必会先杀之以除后患。孔融时而有反对曹操的意见，最终被曹操杀了，而且曹操还给孔子的这个二十世孙定了一个不孝之名;荀彧、许攸这些与曹操一起打天下的功臣，因恃旧不虔，也被操杀之;杨修因太聪明被曹操杀害，崔琰虽然没有不虔，也没有唱反调，但最后还是让曹操给冤死了。故曹操的唯才是用，是以“能不能为我所用”为前提的。 三、一个时代的悲剧英雄 《三国演义》塑造了众多的文臣武将，刘备、诸葛亮、关羽、张飞、赵云、孙权、周瑜、曹操、郭嘉、荀彧等等，他们这些人都在为变革社会而奋斗，这些人物都可以代表社会的进步力量，是作者 和人们心中的理想楷模。但却都以失败告终、以毁灭告终。在复杂的矛盾冲突中，他们每个人身上都具有悲剧性的崇高美。 曹操无疑是三国人物中性格最为复杂的人物之一，是一个枭雄兼奸臣的双重形象，他有高昂的斗争精神、积极进取的强烈愿望和建功立业的雄心壮志，但其人生命运却充满了困惑、彷徨和痛苦。 曹操刺杀董卓失败后，开始了他的亡命生涯，后来投靠吕伯奢一家，只因自己的多疑，杀了吕伯奢的家丁，后来发现自己竟然犯下了滔天大错，干脆一不做二不休，杀光伯奢一家上上下下，亡命途中路遇伯奢，遂又将其杀害，却言:“宁教我负天下人，休教天下人负我。”足可看出这位亡命英雄痛苦复杂的心理。曹操一生叱咤风云，经历过官渡之战的大胜，也痛遭过赤壁之战的惨败，但是从未要放弃自己的统一大业。这一位曾经叱咤风云的英雄人物，晚年却是在痛苦折磨中度过的。一生的戎马征战，加之难以挣脱的精神重压，使得曹操患有严重的神经衰弱、头风、失眠等多种疾病，他时常梦见伏皇后、董贵妃、吉平等冤魂前来索命。清人黄摩西在《小说小话》中感慨:“最不幸者莫如魏武帝”，而“文人学士，虽心知其故，而亦讳言。”曹操最终在承受着巨大心理压力的现实中，在不可调和的复杂心理冲突中走向肉体和精神的消亡，这是曹操的悲剧，也是当时社会的悲剧。从道德上看，曹操的言行似乎处处充满着矛盾，但从政治的需要去看，却都服从于现实的政治军事利益。曹操的“宁教我负天下人，休教天下人负我”的处世哲学和他的才干智慧与权术结合，成为文学史上封建政治家的一种典型。不论我 们是赞扬或谩骂曹操，在三分天下的乱世中，他仍然完成了建功立业的壮举。之于曹操，以现实权术作为凭借，在乱世中也许是一种无可奈何的选择。而为统一国家、推动历史前进所作出的牺牲，则显示了其壮大的崇高精神。因此，曹操是一个乱世中的悲剧英雄。 总之，三国时代是一个英雄辈出的时代。武勇智术，瑰伟动人，是三国人物的真实写照。《三国演义》作为一部世代累积型作品，其“拥刘反曹”思想倾向有着深远、复杂的社会历史背景和思想文化渊源。三国之后，历代史家和统治者从统治阶级的政治需要出发采取了“拥刘”或“拥曹”的不同态度。实质上，这种“拥刘”与“拥曹”之争不过是封建正统观念在不同历史条件下的表现。因此，《三国演义》中的“拥刘反曹”思想是以为统治政权争取正统地位的历史思想为背景的，“拥刘反曹”思想中含有浓厚的封建正统观念。小说中许田射猎、董承奉诏、曹丕废帝、刘备正位等故事情节也流露出了浓厚的封建正统观念。而从两晋南北朝开始，民间的“拥刘反曹”倾向日趋鲜明。尤其是宋元时期，民族矛盾尖锐，因此，偏处西南一隅的蜀汉被当作汉族政权的象征，而盘踞中原的曹魏则被视为汉族政权的篡夺者。同时，民间的“拥刘反曹”情结还反映了处于社会底层的广大人民在困苦的生活境遇中对明君贤相的渴望。宋元时期，社会民众饱受压迫摧残。他们无力改变现实，也找不到生活的出路，于是，他们将对生活的理想寄托在掌握国家政权的国君和文臣武将身上。历史上流传下来的蜀汉君臣的贤明、仁义正好符合民众对明君贤相的理想和渴望，而曹操的奸诈、残忍正是 他们所厌恶和恐惧的。于是，蜀汉君臣成为民间理想君臣的代名词，并在民间流传和文艺创作中不断被美化;而曹操则成为百姓眼中残民害民的君主代表，并在民间流传和文艺创作中不断被丑化。元明之际，生活于社会底层的罗贯中正是在元末动乱的社会环境中，在民间浓重的“拥刘反曹”氛围中，结合自己的生活经历和思想观念，将“拥刘反曹”思想倾向熔铸于《三国演义》的创作中。“三分自是多英俊”，小说对猛将谋士的武勇智术的描写在书中占有至为突出的地位。但罗贯中将大部分艺术心血都倾注在了刘蜀集团的那些“虎贲之士”身上:关羽的英武绝伦，世无其匹;张飞的勇猛刚烈，声震云天;赵云的文武双全，浑身是胆。其他如黄忠的老而益勇，马超的雄烈过人等皆触动人心。其征战的场面也写得惊心动魄，扣人心弦，如三英战吕布;温酒斩华雄;赵云百万军中救阿斗，单骑大闹长板桥„„孔明在蜀国面临四面敌兵夹击情况下，缜密谋划，“安居平五路”，解除了国之危难。总之可以肯定，智谋与武勇是《三国演义》对正面人物刻画的最主要的特征。而曹操作为作者塑造的一个反面人物，却是“腹隐机谋”，多智即为狡诈。他的智慧加上他的善用人才，使他在三国这个纷争的社会里所向披靡，无往不胜，很快便使自己稳居中原。他既是一个领导者，又是一个军事家，武勇智术，无所不超人。无论这部《三国演义》描绘了多少传奇人物，作者又是怎样根据自身所处的历史条件将曹操的形象向着反面人物刻画的，总之任何一个人都有他的两面性，在受封建纲常教化影响的人们的视野中，曹操的做法有背伦理，但是他的个人精 神魅力、军事才能、政治才能并不能被掩盖。因此，封建纲常、国家分裂、性格多疑，真真实实造就了他的悲剧性命运。对比刘蜀集团的正义君子，曹操是矮了点，但是作为大英雄所自然散发出来的霸气与雄心是无法掩饰的:矮矮的尺度，并不影响他思想的高度、思维的广度、思考的角度、决策的正度、干事的力度、发展的进度、法治的制度、翩翩的风度、宏大的气度、敬业的态度、文学的厚度、影响的深度，更不影响曹操建立一个泱泱国度～ 参考文献: [1]陈寿.三国志[m].南京:江苏古籍出版社，2002. [2]罗贯中.三国演义[m].长沙:岳麓书社，1986. [3]易中天.品三国[m].上海文艺出版社，2007. [4]丁学彬.说三国话人生[m].北京:解放军出版社，2001. [5]杨辛，甘霖.美学原理纲要[m].北京大学出版社，1989. [6]熊笃.关于毛宗岗对《三国演义》的批改[j].重庆师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)，1983，(1). [7]郭素媛.论明清时期对《三国演义》“拥刘反曹”思想的诠释[j].山东省青年管理干部学院学报，2010，(2). [8]伽达默尔著，洪汉鼎译.真理与方法(上卷)[m].上海译文出版社，1992. ,英文版 , Two regulations promulgated for implementation is in the party in power for a long time and the rule of law conditions, the implementation of comprehensive strictly strategic plan, implementation in accordance with the rules and discipline to manage the party, strengthen inner-party supervision of major initiatives. The two regulations supporting each other, the < code > adhere to a positive advocate, focusing on morality is of Party members and Party leading cadres can see, enough to get a high standard; < rule > around the party discipline, disciplinary ruler requirements, listed as "negative list, focusing on vertical gauge, draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the" bottom line ". Here, the main from four square face two party rules of interpretation: the first part introduces two party Revised regulations the necessity and the revision process; the second part is the interpretation of the two fundamental principles of the revision of laws and regulations in the party; the third part introduces two party regulations modified the main changes and needs to grasp several key problems; the fourth part on how to grasp the implementation of the two regulations of the party. < code > and < Regulations > revised the necessity and revised history of the CPC Central Committee the amendment to the Chinese Communist Party members and leading cadres honest politics several guidelines > and < Chinese Communist Party discipline and Punishment Regulations > column 1 by 2015 to strengthen party laws and regulations focus. Two party regulations revision work lasted a Years, pooling the wisdom of the whole party, ideological consensus, draw historical experience, respect for the wisdom of our predecessors, which reflects the unity of inheritance and innovation; follow the correct direction, grasp the limited goals, adhere to the party's leadership, to solve the masses of the people reflect a focus on the problem. The new revision of the < code > and < rule >, reflects the party's 18 and the eighth session of the third, the spirit of the fourth plenary session, reflecting the experience of studying and implementing the General Secretary Xi Jinping series of important speech, reflects the party's eighteen years comprehensive strictly practice. (a) revised two regulations of the party need of < the ICAC guidelines > in < in 1997 Leaders as members of the Communist Party of China clean politics certain criteria (Trial) > based on revised, the promulgation and implementation of January 2010, to strengthen the construction of the contingent of leading cadres play an important role. But with the party to manage the party strictly administering the deepening, has not been able to fully meet the actual needs. Content is too complicated, "eight prohibition, 52 are not allowed to" hard to remember, and also difficult to put into practice; the second is concisely positive advocated by the lack of prohibited provisions excessive, no autonomy requirements; the third is banned terms and discipline law, both with the party discipline, disciplinary regulations repeat and Criminal law and other laws and regulations repeat; the fourth is to "clean" the theme is not prominent, not for the existing problems, and is narrow, only needle of county-level leading cadres above. < rule > is in 1997 < Chinese Communist Party disciplinary cases (Trial) > based on revision, in December 2003 the promulgation and implementation, to strengthen the construction of the party play very important role. Along with the development of the situation, which many provisions have been unable to fully meet the comprehensive strictly administering the practice needs. One is Ji law, more than half of the provisions and criminal law and other countries laws and regulations Repetition; two is the political discipline regulations is not prominent, not specific, for violation of the party constitution, damage the authority of Party Constitution of misconduct lack necessary and serious responsibility to pursue; third is the main discipline for the leading cadres, does not cover all Party members. Based on the above situation, need to < the criterion of a clean and honest administration > and < rule > the two is likely to be more relevant regulations first amendment. By revising, really put the authority of Party discipline, the seriousness in the party tree and call up the majority of Party members and cadres of the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness. (II) two party regulations revision process the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China attaches great importance to two regulations revision . Xi Jinping, general books recorded in the Fifth Plenary Session of the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, on the revised regulations < > made clear instructions. According to the central deployment, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection from 2014 under six months begin study two regulations revision. The Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 4 review revised. Comrade Wang Qishan 14 times held a special meeting to study two regulations revision, amendment clarifies the direction, major issues of principle, path and target, respectively held a forum will listen to part of the province (area) secretary of the Party committee, Secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission, part of the central ministries and state organs Department The first party committee is mainly responsible for people, views of experts and scholars and grassroots party organizations and Party members. Approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, on 7 September 2015, the general office of the Central Committee of the Party issued a notice to solicit the provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) Party, the central ministries and commissions, state ministries and commissions of the Party (party), the General Political Department of the military, every 3 people organization of Party of two regulations revision opinion. Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of extensive solicitation of opinions, careful study, attracting, formed a revised sent reviewers. In October 8 and October 12, Central Committee Political Bureau Standing Committee and the Political Bureau of the Central Committee After consideration of the two regulations revised draft. On October 18, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China formally issued two regulations. Can say, two laws amendment concentrated the wisdom of the whole party, embodies the party. Second, < code > and < Regulations > revision of the basic principles of two party regulations revision work and implement the party's eighteen, ten eight plenary, the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee and General Secretary Xi Jinping important instructions on the revised < low political criterion > and < Regulations >, highlighting the ruling party characteristics, serious discipline, the discipline quite in front of the law, based on the current, a long-term, advance as a whole, with Bu Xiuding independent < rule > and < rule >. Main principle is: first, adhere to the party constitution to follow. The constitution about discipline and self-discipline required specific, awaken the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness, maintaining the authority of the constitution. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that "no rules, no side round. Party constitution is the fundamental law, the party must follow the general rules. In early 2015 held the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee, Xi Jinping again pointed out that constitution is the party must follow the general rules, but also the general rules." the revision of the < code > and < rule > is Method in adhere to the regulations established for the purpose of combining rule of virtue is to adhere to the party constitution as a fundamental to follow, the constitution authority set up, wake up the party constitution and party rules the sense of discipline, the party constitution about discipline and self-discipline specific requirements. 4 second is to adhere to in accordance with the regulations governing the party and the party. The Party of rule of virtue "de", mainly refers to the party's ideals and beliefs, excellent traditional style. The revised the < code > closely linked to the "self-discipline", insisting on the positive initiative, for all members, highlight the "vital few", emphasized self-discipline, focusing on the morality, and the majority of Party members and the ideological and moral standards. The revised < > Ji method separately, Ji, Ji Yan to Method, as a "negative list", emphasizing the heteronomy, focusing on vertical gauge. Is this one high and one low, a positive reaction, the strict party discipline and practice results transformation for the integration of the whole party to observe moral and discipline requirements, for the majority of Party members and cadres provides benchmarking and ruler. Third, insist on to. In view of the problems existing in the party at the present stage, the main problems of Party members and cadres in the aspect of self-discipline and abide by the discipline to make clearly defined, especially the party's eighteen years strict political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline and to implement the central eight provisions of the spirit against the four winds and other requirements into Disciplinary provisions. Not one pace reachs the designated position, focusing on in line with reality, pragmatic and effective. After the revision of major changes, major changes in the < code > and < rule > modified and needs to grasp several key problems (a) < code > < code > adhere to according to regulations governing the party and party with morals in combination, for at the present stage, the leadership of the party members and cadres and Party members in existing main problems of self-discipline, put forward principles, requirements and specifications, showing Communists noble moral pursuit, reflected at all times and in all over the world ethics from high from low 5 common requirements. One is closely linked to the "self-discipline", removal and no direct relation to the provisions of . the second is adhere to a positive advocate, "eight prohibition" 52 are not allowed to "about the content of the" negative list moved into synchronization amendment < cases >. Three is for all the party members, will apply object from the leadership of the party members and cadres to expand to all Party members, fully embodies the comprehensive strictly required. The fourth is prominent key minority, seize the leadership of the party members and cadres is the key, and put forward higher requirements than the ordinary Party members. Five is to simplify, and strive to achieve concise, easy to understand, easy to remember. The revised < code > is the ruling Party since the first insists on a positive advocate forAll Party members and the self-discipline norms, moral declaration issued to all members of the party and the National People's solemn commitment. > < criterion of a clean and honest administration consists of 4 parts, 18, more than 3600 words. After the revision of the < code >, a total of eight, 281 words, including lead, specification and Party member cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms, etc. Part 3 members low-cost clean and self-discipline, the main contents can be summarized as "four must" "eight code". Lead part, reiterated on ideal and faith, fundamental purpose, the fine traditions and work style, noble sentiments, such as "four must" the principle of requirements, strong tone of self-discipline, The higher request for 6 and supervised tenet, the foothold in permanent Bao the party's advanced nature and purity, to reflect the revised standards requirements. Members of self-discipline norms around the party members how to correctly treat and deal with the "public and private", "cheap and rot" thrifty and extravagance "bitter music", put forward the "four norms". Party leader cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms for the leadership of the party members and cadres of the "vital few", around the "clean politics", from civil servant of the color, the exercise of power, moral integrity, a good family tradition and other aspects of the leadership of the party members and cadres of the "four norms" < > < norm norm. "The Party member's self-discipline norms" and "party members and leading cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms," a total of eight, collectively referred to as the "eight". "Four must" and "eight" of the content from the party constitution and Party's several generation of leaders, especially Xi Jinping, general secretary of the important discussion, refer to the "three discipline and eight points for attention" statements, and reference some embody the Chinese nation excellent traditional culture essence of epigrams. (2) the revised regulations, the main changes in the revised Regulations > to fully adapt to the strictly requirements, reflects the according to the regulations governing the law of recognition of deepening, the realization of the discipline construction and Jin Ju. < rule > is party a ruler, members of the basic line and follow. And the majority of Party members and cadres of Party organizations at all levels should adhere to the bottom line of thinking, fear discipline, hold the bottom line, as a preventive measure, to keep the party's advanced nature and purity. 1, respect for the constitution, refinement and discipline. Revised < rule > from comprehensive comb physical constitution began, the party constitution and other regulations of the Party of Party organizations and Party discipline requirements refinement, clearly defined in violation of the party constitution will be in accordance with regulations to give the corresponding disciplinary action. The original 10 categories of misconduct, integration specification for political discipline, discipline, honesty and discipline masses Ji Law and discipline and discipline and other six categories, the content of < rule > real return to Party discipline, for the majority of Party members and listed a "negative list. 7 2, highlighting the political discipline and political rules. > < Regulations according to the stage of the discipline of outstanding performance, emphasizing political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline, in opposition to the party's leadership and the party's basic theory, basic line, basic program and basic experience, the basic requirement of behavior made prescribed punishment, increase the cliques, against the organization such as violation of the provisions, to ensure that the central government decrees and the Party of centralized and unified. 3, adhere to strict discipline in the law and discipline In front, Ji separated. Revised < Regulations > adhere to the problem oriented, do Ji separated. Any national law existing content, will not repeat the provisions, the total removal of 79 and criminal law, repeat the content of the public security management punishment law, and other laws and regulations. In the general reiterated that party organizations and Party members must conscientiously accept the party's discipline, die van comply with national laws and regulations; at the same time, to investigate violations of Party members and even criminal behavior of Party discipline and responsibility, > < Regulations distinguish five different conditions, with special provisions were made provisions, so as to realize the connection of Party discipline and state law. 4, reflect Wind building and anti-corruption struggle of the latest achievements. < rule > the party's eighteen years implement the spirit of the central provisions of the eight, against the requirements of the "four winds" and transformation for disciplinary provisions, reflecting the style construction is always on the road, not a gust of wind. In the fight against corruption out of new problems, increase the trading rights, the use of authority relatives profit and other disciplinary terms. Prominent discipline of the masses, the new against the interests of the masses and ignore the demands of the masses and other disciplinary terms and make provisions of the disposition and the destruction of the party's close ties with the masses. Discipline to protect the party's purpose. 8 of these regulations, a total of three series, Chapter 15, 178, more than 24000 words, after the revision of the regulations a total of 3 series, Chapter 11, 133, 17000 words, divided into "general" and "special provisions" and "Supplementary Provisions" Part 3. Among them, add, delete, modify the provisions of the proportion of up to nearly 90%. 1, the general general is divided into five chapters. The first chapter to the regulations of the guiding ideology, principles and scope of application of the provisions, highlight the strengthening of the party constitution consciousness, maintenance the authority of Party Constitution, increase the party organizations and Party members must abide by the party constitution, Yan Centralized centralized, would examine at all levels of the amended provisions implementing and maintaining Party discipline, and consciously accept the party discipline, exemplary compliance with national laws and regulations. The second chapter of discipline concept, disciplinary action types and effects of the regulations, will be a serious warning from the original a year for a year and a half; increase the Party Congress representative, by leaving the party above (including leave probation) punishment, the party organization should be terminated its representative qualification provisions. The third chapter of the disciplinary rules of use prescribed in the discipline rectifying process, non convergence, not close hand classified as severely or heavier punishment. "Discipline straighten "At least eighteen years of five years, these five years is to pay close attention to the provisions of the central eight implementation and anti -" four winds ". The fourth chapter on suspicion of illegal party disciplinary distinguish five different conditions, with special provisions were made provisions, to achieve effective convergence of Party and country 9 method. < rule > the provisions of Article 27, Party organizations in the disciplinary review found that party members have committed embezzlement, bribery, dereliction of duty dereliction of duty and other criminal law act is suspected of committing a crime shall give cancel party posts, probation or expelled from the party. The second is < Regulations > Article 28 the provisions of Party organizations in the disciplinary review But found that party members are stipulated in the criminal law, although not involved in a crime shall be investigated for Party discipline and responsibility should be depending on the specific circumstances shall be given a warning until expelled punishment. This situation and a difference is that the former regulation behavior has been suspected of a crime, the feeling is quite strict, and the latter for the behavior not involving crime, only the objective performance of the provisions of the criminal code of behavior, but the plot is a crime to slightly. < Regulations > the 29 provisions, Party organizations in the discipline review found that party members and other illegal behavior, affect the party's image, the damage to the party, the state and the people's interests, we should depend on the situation Seriousness given disciplinary action. The loss of Party members, seriously damaging the party's image of behavior, should be given expelled from the party. At this article is party member is in violation of the criminal law outside the other illegal acts, such as violates the public security administration punishment law, customs law, financial laws and regulations behavior. The fourth is < cases > Article 32 stipulates, minor party members and the circumstances of the crime, the people's Procuratorate shall make a decision not to initiate a prosecution, or the people's court shall make a conviction and exempted from criminal punishment shall be given within the party is removed from his post, probation or expelled from the party. Party members and crime, sheets were fined in accordance with For acts; the principal Ordinance amended the provisions of the preceding paragraph. This is the new content, in order to achieve Ji method effective convergence. Five is < > the thirty third article 10 of the provisions, the Party member due to an intentional crime is sentenced to criminal law (including probation) sheets or additional deprivation of political rights; due to negligence crime and was sentenced to three years or more (excluding three years) a penalty, shall give expelled punishment. Due to negligence crime is convicted and sentenced to three years (including three years) in prison or be sentenced to public surveillance, detention, shall in general be expelled from the party. For the individual may not be expelled from the party, should control Approval. This is followed and retained the original > < Regulations the provisions of punishment party authorization rules and report to a level party organizations. For is "party members with criminal acts, and by the criminal punishment, generally should be expelled from the party". The fifth chapter of probationary Party member of the discipline and discipline after missing members of the treatment and punishment decisions, such as the implementation of the provisions, clear the related party discipline and punishment decision made after, for duties, wages and other relevant alteration formalities for the longest time. 2, sub sub section will the original regulations of 10 categories of acts of violation of discipline integration revised into 6 categories, respectively, in violation of the punishments for acts of political discipline "in violation of discipline behavior of punishment" in violation of integrity of disciplinary action points "of violation punishments for acts of mass discipline" "the violation of work discipline, punishment" in violation of discipline of life behavior punishment "6 chapters. 3, annex" Supplementary Provisions "clear authority making supplementary provisions of, cases of interpretative organ, as well as regulations implementation time and retroactivity etc.. 11 (3) learning understanding > < regulations needs to grasp several key problems The first problem -- about the violation of political discipline behavior > < new ordinance chapter 6 the political discipline column for the six disciplines, that is the main opposition to Party leadership and the opposition of the basic theory, basic line, basic program and basic experience, basic requirements of misconduct made provisions of the disposition, especially the eighteen since the CPC Central Committee put forward the Yan Mingzheng treatment of discipline and political rules requirements and practical achievements transformation for Discipline article, increase the false debate central policies, cliques, against the organization review, make no discipline of the principle of harmony terms. These are the party's eighteen years in comprehensive strictly Process combined with the practice of rich content. (1) false debate the central policies and undermine the Party of centralized and unified the problem is made in accordance with the provisions of the party constitution. Constitution in general programme requirements adhere to democratic centralism is one of the requirements of the construction of the party must adhere to the four cardinal. Application of this principle is not only the party the basic organization principle and is also the mass line in party life, it requires that we must fully develop inner-party democracy, respect for the dominant position of Party members, safeguarding the Party member democratic rights, give full play to the enthusiasm and creativity of the party organizations at all levels and Party members, at the same time, also must implement the right concentration, ensure the party's mission < the chaos in unity and concerted action to ensure that the party's decision to get quickly and effectively implementing. The Party Central Committee formulated the major principles and policies, through different channels and ways, fully listen to the party organizations and Party members of the opinions and suggestions, but 12 is some people face to face not to say back blather "" will not say, after the meeting said, "" Taiwan does not say, and nonsense ", in fact, not only disrupt the people thought, some causing serious consequences, the damage to the Party of the centralized and unified, hinder the central policy implementation, but also a serious violation of the democratic system of principles. There is no doubt that shall, in accordance with the Regulations > 4 Specified in Article 6 to give the appropriate punishment. For did not cause serious consequences, to give criticism and education or the corresponding tissue processing. (2) about the destruction of the party's unity < New Regulations > the forty eighth to fifty second article, to damage Party's unity unified and violation of political discipline, punishment situation made explicit provisions. Article 52 of the new "in the party get round group, gangs seek private gain, cliques, cultivate private forces or through the exchange of interests, for their own to create momentum and other activities to gain political capital, given a serious warning or withdraw from their party posts disposition; if the circumstances are serious, to give Leave a party to observation or expelled from the party. (3) on against the organization review of the provisions of the constitution, party loyalty honesty is party members must comply with the obligations. Members must obey the organization decision, shall not violate the organization decided encounters by asking questions to find organization, rely on the organization, shall not deceive the organization, against the organization. For example, after the investigation does not take the initiative to explain the situation, but to engage in offensive and defensive alliance, hiding the stolen money is against survey organization, is a violation of the behavior of political discipline. Article 24 of the original > < Regulations, although the provisions of the interference, hinder group review the behavior of the fabric can be severely or 13 Aggravated punishment, but did not put this kind of behavior alone as a discipline for qualitative amount of discipline. > < new regulations increase the Article 57, "anti organization review, one of the following acts, given a warning or serious warning; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, give expelled from the party: (a) on supply or forged, destroyed, transfer, conceal evidence; (II) to prevent others expose, providing evidence Material; (III) harboring co personnel; (4) to the organization to provide false information, to hide the fact; (5) the him against the acts of the organization review. "< rule > add this clause to the Constitution requires more specific, the previous no punishment in accordance with the definite list and put forward clear punishment in accordance with. (4) about organizing or participating in superstitious activities as < Regulations > about engage in activities of feudal superstition obstruction of social management order" violations of Article 164 the provisions, but according to the original < rule > only in disrupting production, work, social life order The case to be disciplinary treatment, in other words, alone make the feudal superstition, organize or participate in the activities of feudal superstition of, does not constitute a violation. Which is not consistent with the requirements of our party's political party. > < new regulations in this change is, superstitious activities on the political discipline, increase the Article 58, is the organization of Party members, in superstitious activities included in violation of the negative list of political discipline deserves punishment, which and Party members should adhere to the correct political principle, political standpoint and viewpoint is consistent. 14 the second question about organization and discipline violation behavior of democratic centralism is our The party's fundamental organizational system. < New Regulations > Chapter 7 "in violation of the behavior of organizational discipline punishment" mainly for violation of democratic centralism, contrary to the "four obey the discipline behavior for source classification rules. Increased not in accordance with the relevant provisions or requirements to the organization for instructions to report on major issues; do not report truthfully report about personal matters; falsify personal archives; hide before joining the party serious mistakes; leading cadres in violation of the relevant provisions of the organization, will participate in the spontaneous formation of the old Xiang, Alumni Association, comrades in arms; to obtain illegal country residence abroad or foreign nationality, illegal for private frontier Documents such as discipline terms. (1) on the report truthfully report personal matters in 2010 the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China office, office of the State Council introduced < provisions on issues related to the leading cadres to report personal >, is clear about the request, deputy division level and above leading cadres should truthfully report changes in my marriage and spouse, children, moved to the country (territory), practitioners, income, real estate, investment and other matters, for failing to report, do not report, concealed and unreported, according to the seriousness of the case, giving criticism and education, and to make a correction within a time limit, shall be ordered to make a check, the commandment Jiemian conversation, informed criticism or jobs, free Post processing, constitute violations, in accordance with the relevant provisions shall be given a disciplinary sanction. But since the original < Regulations > and there is no corresponding specific terms, the violation of the regulations, do not report, as a false report about personal matters, there is no corresponding disciplinary action terms, in practice it is difficult to operate. In this regard, in order to solve is not reported, as a false report about personal matters 15 asked censure, the new < Regulations > add the Article 67 of violation of personal matters related to reporting requirements, report truthfully report the clear punishment basis, making this kind of violation behavior is no longer free drilling for Exhibition on matters of personal checks to verify and supervision of cadres, discipline review provides a powerful discipline guarantee. (2) about the illegal organization, to fellow, alumni, friends of the war will < regulations stipulated in Article 68 of >, leading cadres of the party in violation of relevant provisions of the organization, will participate in the spontaneous formation of fellow, Alumni Association, comrade in arms to give the punishment according to the seriousness of the case. Here special needs note is three points: this provision for only the leading cadres ", reflecting the high requirements of leading cadres; second violation in 2002, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, the central Organization Department and the The relevant provisions of the General Political Department jointly issued the < off in leading cadres not to participate in the initiative to set up "the villagers would be" alumni "" comrades in arms organization notice >. That is to say, to the spontaneous formation of fellow, Alumni Association, comrades in arms will constitute the premise of discipline is a violation of the provisions of this. The notification specified, leading cadres are not allowed to participate in the spontaneous incorporation of fellow, alumni, between comrades association would like the organization and shall not bear the sorority Human and the organizer shall not hold the corresponding position in the sorority; shall not borrow machine woven "network" and engage in kiss sparsely, round and round the gangs, but not "align" "Jieyi Gold Orchid" behavior. The third is to emphasize here that shall be organized to participate in the initiative to set up the villager, Alumni Association, comrades in arms. The so-called 16 spontaneous was established mainly means without registration. Therefore, Party members include leading cadres in the normal range of fellow, alumni, comrades in the party is not a violation of the rules of Party discipline. The three problem about integrity violations discipline Lian Jie discipline has been eighteen years clean government and anti The focus of the work of corruption. This Ordinance to amend, honesty and discipline this biggest adjustment, the new content, most of which prescribed by the original < criterion of a clean and honest administration > 8 ban and 52 are not allowed into the basic this part. (1) the central eight provisions of the spirit and requirements into < New > in the regulations of the party's eighteen years, central resolutely implement the provisions of the eight and pay close attention to the node and intensive briefing, on public funds, private bus, public funds tourism, gifts of public funds, the big parade and lavish weddings and festive, illegal payment allowances and subsidies, illegal construction of buildings such as the original masses reflects the relatively strong, "four winds" problem of the Resolute rectification. But original < Regulations > to eat and drink, super standard reception and no clear and specific expression, new < rule > will implement eight Central provisions of the spirit of the problem increased to "clean cheap self-discipline" chapter, clear to exceed the standard, beyond the scope of the reception or borrow machine eating and drinking etc. some in violation of the provisions of the spirit of the eight central relevant persons responsible for punishment, once the violation will be according to the < rule > severely punished, binding, enhanced significantly. One is to add Article 87, about to obtain illegal, hold, and the actual use of the sports card, golf ball cards and other consumer card. Illegal access to private clubs made the punishment provisions. The second is increase the Article 97, has made provisions of the disposition of illegal self pay or 17 spamming allowances, subsidies and bonuses. The third is added to the Article 99, on violation of super standard, beyond the scope of the reception or borrow machine eat and drink to make the provisions of punishment. The fourth is to increase the Article 101, on the management of conference activities in violation of the provisions made sanctions regulations. The fifth is the increased Article 102, for violation of office space management provisions made the punishment provisions. Six is to split the original < rule > Article 78, formed article 98, Article 100 of public Models of tourism, violate the provisions on the administration of the use of discipline of the bus through the list of made a more detailed provisions, apply more operational. Seven is increased the article 96, in violation of the relevant provisions of the, to participate in public funds to pay for dinner, high consumption of entertainment, fitness activities and public funds to buy gift, send gifts to make the provisions of the disposition. On the violation of the central provisions of the spirit of the eight, in addition to > < new regulations into "violation of honesty and self-discipline" misconduct outside, is different with the original < Regulations >, revised < rule > clearly defined not only to disposition of the directly responsible persons, but also dispose of collar Guide responsibilities. (2) increased trading rights, use of authority or position influence as relatives and close to profit violation of the terms of the < New Regulations > absorption < clean politics several guidelines > the relevant provisions spirit, increase the "negative list, including trading rights, the functions and powers or duties of influence as relatives and staff around profit. Increase Article 81" mutual use of office or authority ring for each other and their spouses, children and their spouses and other relatives, around 18 personnel and other specific relationship between the people to seek benefits engage in trading rights, given a warning or serious warning Sanctions; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, shall be expelled from the party. Increase Article 82 "connivance, acquiescence to the spouse, children and spouse etc. relatives and staff around the effect of Party members and cadres personal authority or position for personal gain, if the circumstances are relatively minor, given a warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, the given Expelled from the party. Party members and cadres of the spouses, children and their spouses does the actual work and get salary or although the actual work but to receive significantly beyond the same rank salary standard, Party members and cadres informed fails to correct, in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph. "(3) about the gifts, gifts misconduct from handling practices in recent years, engaged in official cadres received gifts, gifts problems more prominent. This has seriously affected the image of Party members and cadres, damaged the relations between the party and the masses, and is a hotbed of corruption, is really necessary for this kind of behavior to be disciplined. < rule > no on accepting gifts, gifts, Card consumption behavior to engage in simple "one size fits all", but the difference between the different separately. One is in accordance with the provisions of Article 83, accepting may affect the impartial enforcement of the official gifts, gifts, consumer cards to depending on the seriousness of the case shall be given disciplinary sanctions. That is to say, for may affect the fair execution of business gifts, gifts, consumer cards are not allowed to accept. 19 is in accordance with the provisions of Article 83, accepting was significantly higher than normal ceremony is still exchanges of gifts, gifts, consumer card to disciplinary action. This is new regulations that daily life is purely reciprocity, accepting the same thing, boys , fellow friends gifts, gifts, shopping cards, although and fair execution of business has nothing to do, also want to as the case shall be dealt with, the situation is obviously beyond normal reciprocity ". The so-called" reciprocity ", one is emphasizes the reciprocal in protocol. In other words is you to me how, I to you how, not only does not go. The second is to significantly exceeded the normal local economy level, customs and habits, economic capacity of individual gifts, gift value. Specific sanctions to according to the processing of a variety of factors to consider, as appropriate. The third is the root according to the provisions of Article 84," to Engaged in public service personnel and their spouses and children, children's spouses and other relatives and other specific relationship presented Ming Xianchao normal reciprocity of gifts, gifts, consumer card, if the circumstances are relatively serious, given a warning until probation. "In accordance with the above provisions, gift giving significantly beyond the normal reciprocity, giver constitute the discipline. (4) on illegal trading of stocks or of other regulations of securities investment < > Article 88 is engaged in punishment regulation of camp and activity in violation of the relevant provisions on. Among them, 3 will" buying and selling stocks or in other securities investment "column as one of disciplinary cases Out. First need to be clear, > < regulations did not change the provisions of the Ordinance. The ordinance of the provisions of the second paragraph of Article 77 provisions "who, in violation of the provisions of the sale of stocks" is one of the violation, and at the beginning of the first paragraph of this article "violation of 20 against the relevant provisions of the" textual representation of the repeat revision. In, just from the legislative technique removed the "personal" in violation of the provisions, content and not to change the original provisions. Need to clear is, "buy or sell a stock or of other securities investment" refers to violation of the relevant provisions refers to in April 2001, the Party Central Committee, the State Council promulgated the On the work of the party and government organs staff's personal investment in securities if dry provisions >. According to the provisions of Article 3, use of work time, office facilities, the sale of stocks and securities investment fund belongs to illegal behavior. The fourth question, about the violation of the masses of the disciplinary actions < new regulations > would violate public discipline behavior of a single set of a class of restored "three rules of discipline and eight note" in the discipline of the masses of excellent traditional. < New Regulations > Chapter 9 "to violate the masses of disciplinary action", mainly the destruction of the party's close ties with the masses of misconduct made provisions on disciplinary; enrich and perfect the super standard, beyond the scope of Xiang Qun < All to raise fund and labor, in for involving the public affairs deliberately, chinakayao, in social security, policy support, disaster relief funds and materials and other matters assigned any kind and affectionate friends, obviously unfair acts against the interests of the masses of the disciplinary terms; increase the terms not in accordance with the provisions of the public party provided, government, factory and village (neighborhood) provided etc. violation of the people's right to know the behavior of the discipline. The fifth issue, on the violation of work discipline violation of work discipline added "negative list, including Party organizations carry out strictly Main responsibility for poor discipline terms. (1) the new party organization comprehensive strictly the main responsibility of the party does not fulfill the 21 or perform poor disciplinary terms < New Regulations > has a lead people to pay attention to the new terms, that is, in chapter ten "on the violation of work discipline behavior punishment" increase in the one hundred and fourteenth "party fail to perform comprehensive strictly the main responsibility of the party or to perform comprehensive strictly the main responsibility for administering the ineffective, resulting in serious damage or serious adverse effects, to the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership and give a warning or serious warning. The situation is serious, giving removed from their party posts or on probation Punishment. "Here the changes. For the first time, the main responsibility write < rule >. (2) new shall report does not report or false reporting discipline shall increase the 117 bar" in the higher level units to check to inspect the work or report to the parent unit, work report of shall report the matters do not report or do not report, cause serious damage or serious adverse effects of, to the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership, to give warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are serious, giving removed from their party posts or placed on probation. "For example, during the tour visits to the region, the unit Members the obligation to the inspection teams to reflect the true situation, to conceal not reported or intentionally to the inspection teams to provide false information, causing serious damage or serious adverse effects of, the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership should be in accordance with the provisions of < rule > Article 117 to give the appropriate punishment. (3) the new not granted in accordance with the provisions of punishment, not according to the provisions of the implementation of disciplinary measures 22 violation of the provisions of Article 115 "Party organizations have one of the following circumstances, the direct leadership responsibility. Probation: members were sentenced punished, in accordance with the provisions give disciplinary action or in violation of state law Rules of behavior should be given disciplinary punishment and dispose of; disciplinary punishment by decision or complaint review the decision made, not in accordance with the provisions of the implementation decisions on punishment of the party, position, rank, and the treatment of the matters; Party members subject to disciplinary action, not in accordance with the cadre management authority and organizational relationships of by dispose of Party members to carry out education and supervision of daily management. "What needs to be pointed out is," cliff "demoted with cars, housing, secretary problem, implementation is not a discipline and party posts and ranks treatment by the organization department is responsible for the implementation, with cars, housing by the logistics department is responsible for the implementation of, Ji Commission responsible oversight responsibilities. The six questions, about the acts violating the discipline of life "in violation of discipline of life behavior punishment", mainly to "four winds" problems and a serious violation of social morality, family virtue acts of misconduct made provisions on disciplinary, an increase of extravagant life, contrary to the social public order and good customs disciplinary terms. Worth mentioning is, > < Regulations in Article 150 about "adultery" "mistress (Cardiff) formulation in the new < rule > is removed, to expand the scope of Article 127 provisions" and others hair improper sexual relations, let face disciplinary action Wider more strict. Four, and earnestly do a good job in the < code > and < rule > implement system of life lies in execution. < code > and < Regulations > is 23 Party organizations at all levels of a strong constraint and all Party members follow. Learning and implementing the < code > and < rule > is party committees (party), commission for discipline, discipline inspection group), the majority of Party members and cadres of the common responsibility, must party caught together, the party one execution. () Party committees (party) and play and implement comprehensive strictly the main responsibility, pays special attention to the two party regulations learning cross penetration. One is to Adhere to the party constitution is fundamental to follow, and resolutely safeguard the authority of the Party Chapter. The second is to adhere to the problem oriented, to strictly political discipline and political rule moments in the first place. The third is to adhere to the discipline and rules quite in front must not allow the bottom line to break the discipline. The fourth is to seriously organize the study of propaganda and education, in the city party members to create a disciplined, about the rules of the strong atmosphere. (II) Commission for Discipline Inspection at all levels (Discipline Inspection Group) to an important basis for the revised two party regulations as, adhere to easily blame, strengthen supervision and enforcement And early method in combining Ji, increase accountability efforts. One is to two regulations within the party important basis, adhere to the party constitution duties, with strict discipline to maintain the constitution authority. The second is to adhere to high standards and keep the bottom line, adhere to Ji Yan in law and discipline, the discipline and rules quite in front, grasping grasping small, easily blame, comprehensive use of supervision and discipline of "four kinds of form" in the discipline embodies the strict requirements and care for the discipline, tighten up, Yan. According to discipline in accordance with regulations to carry out disciplinary review. Increase the violations punishment, clues can initiate an investigation on the trial of cases According to the discipline on the provisions of the proportion of processing and control manager maintains discipline. To focus on investigating non convergence, don't accept hand serious disciplinary violations at the same time, pay more attention to the general review of discipline 24 behavior, and gradually increase the lighter punishment. Four is to illuminate two party regulations, combined with the local district of the Department of party conduct Lianzheng to relevant laws and regulations system clean, timely research proposes to establish, change, waste release opinion, avoid conflict, and the fasten system of cage, and gradually formed not rot, not rot, not want to rot system and working mechanism. (3) the leadership of the party members and cadres should play an exemplary role. The rate of higher consciousness of the front of the Ordinance to lead practice self-discipline norms, leading to maintain discipline of seriousness and authority. One is the above rate, demonstration and guidance, take the lead in learning and mastering the < code > and < > the requirements and regulations, do the deep understanding, learning to use. The second is to play an exemplary role in abiding by discipline rate, take the lead in practicing self-discipline norms, firmly establish before the discipline are equal, the system has no privilege, discipline is no exception, and consciously do standards, require more strict measures more practical. Third is to consciously accept supervision, conscientiously participate in the democratic life and debriefing honesty responsibility, such as Real to the party organization to report personal matters, and to accept the supervision of the work and life of the normal, habits under the supervision of the exercise of power, to carry out the work. The fourth is to set an example for the strict enforcement of discipline. Leading cadres should take the lead in the maintenance of discipline of seriousness and authority, to dare to seriously, dare to struggle, dare to offend people, for misconduct not laissez faire, but do not indulge, not tolerate to ensure the party constitution of party compasses party put in place. (4) the majority of Party members and cadres to set high standards and hold the bottom line, consciously abide by the < code > and < rule >. One is to control the < standard > and < 25 cases >, tight Close connection with their own thoughts, practical work and life, efforts to solve the problems, to enhance the study and implement of the effectiveness and pertinence. The second is to establish a high standard and hold the bottom line, consciously in the self-discipline pursuit of high standards, strictly in the party away from the red line discipline, discipline, about the rules and know fear, distrust, the formation of the honor system, comply with the system, safeguard system of good habits. Regulations and discipline regulations of < < New Revision of the Communist Party of China clean fingered self-discipline criterion > and < Chinese Communist Party Disciplinary Regulations > is the Party Central Committee in the new situation to promote the comprehensive strictly root of the lift, the regulations of the party construction of keeping pace with the times. We should study and implement the Standards > and < > as the primary political task, adhere to the party constitution duties, adhere to the discipline of, Ji Yan in law, the full implementation of supervision and discipline accountability responsibilities for coordination and promotion "four overall" strategic layout in XX District vivid practice to provide a strong guarantee. - Si Jian Wu, and effectively enhance the implementation of the implementation of the < code > < > The consciousness of General Secretary Xi pointed out that the party is in charge of the party, to manage the party; strictly, it can cure good party. Criterion > and < rule > keep pace with the times is our party to form a new potential strictly rules, to deepen understanding of the ruling law, is a comprehensive strictly, and strengthen the supervision within the party important grasper. Criterion > closely linked to the theme of self-discipline, self-discipline intensity-modulated, focusing on morality, for the majority of Party members and cadres set to see, feel the high standard, show the Communists noble moral sentiment; District Ordinance < < rule > the constitution of discipline integration into a political discipline, organization and discipline, honesty and discipline, discipline of the masses, work discipline, discipline, emphasize discipline, focusing on established rules, to draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the bottom line. Party committees (party) to effectively strengthen the study and publicize the implementation of the < code > and < rule > the organization and leadership of criterion > and < > a full range, multi angle, deep publicity, the formation of study and publicize and implement the boom, in order to consolidate the development of good political environment to create a positive environment and atmosphere. The majority of Party members and cadres to strict requirements, the < rule > and < Ordinance cases > as a guide to action and behavior criterion, adhere to the moral standards and discipline of the bottom line, to maintain the discipline of worship and awe, learning, compliance, and maintain party discipline and rules of the model. The discipline inspection and supervision organs and cadres to the < code > and < > as the deepening of the "three", and strengthen supervision and discipline of accountability is important to follow correctly grasp the use of supervision and discipline of "four types", promote the comprehensive strictly in new roots. Strict discipline, adhere to the discipline and rules quite in front of the enterprise in the implementation of expensive to implement to execute. The discipline inspection and supervision organs to implement the < code > and < Efforts to investigate cases > as an opportunity, adhere to the party should manage the party strictly, serious performance of their duties to promote two regulations implementation. Change discipline concept. From the simple "investigation of illegal" to a comprehensive "stare at violate discipline"; from the business case to prosecute the big cases and timely solve the signs of tilt to. From the orientation to the normal supervision; from the tube "minority" to resist the "most". Guide Party members and cadres to seriously implement the < code > and < rule >, consciously abide by the political, organizational, honest people, work, life six discipline. Urge the leadership cadres sent to play an exemplary role, take the lead in strictly enforced. Relaxation and rest Strong wind is Su Ji, closely linked to the "four winds" prone to multiple, the masses reflect the strong important nodes and, glued to the four winds "new form, new trends, seriously investigate and deal with violations of the central eight provisions of the spirit, to increase the bulletin exposure intensity, the formation of Chajiu" four winds "loudly, continue to release and discipline must be strict signal. At the same time, extended supervision tentacles, through the development of the rural and fishery party conduct Lianzheng construction inspection, issued in a timely manner, Chajiu occurred in grassroots side of corruption and unhealthy, and earnestly safeguard the interests of the masses and social stability. The creativity and discipline. Grasp and make good use of the supervision and discipline of" four types ", to ensure the Promoting clues to lots of discipline and the law of the vacuum tube, strict together. Not only to the "less" and "very few" thorough investigation severely punished, but also the "most" to maintain zero tolerance trend through layers of conductive pressure, let the discipline about the rules for each party members and cadres consciously follow. At present, it is necessary to implement the "list" management, strictly follow the clues to the disposal of five standards, make the classification of disposal, dynamic cleanup. Zadok Party committees at all levels to implement the main responsibility, comprehensive use of disciplinary action and tissue processing and other means to effectively curb the commonplace, used to see do not blame the "small problem", not because of "practice" and "exception". Prominent Discipline characteristics, the problems of violation of discipline and rules into the focus of supervision and discipline and disciplinary review. At the same time, increase case double check the intensity, the serious problems of discipline violations or "four winds" ban but not absolutely, not only to be held directly responsible, but also held leadership responsibility; not only to pursue studies the main responsibility of the Party committee, and to pursue Commission for Discipline Inspection and supervision responsibilities and promote accountability to become the new norm. The implementation of supervisory responsibility. Maintain < code > and < rule > the seriousness and authority of the discipline and rules and truly become the party's ruler. Discipline as supervision within the party the specialized agency, we must strengthen the responsibility to act, adhere to the Impartial discipline accountability, earnestly will be strict discipline, discipline must be punished, and severely punish the acts in violation of rules and regulations.