优势视角论文：优势视角 农村留守妇女 社工服务

优势视角论文：优势视角 农村留守妇女 社工服务 【关键词】优势视角 农村留守妇女 社工服务 【英文关键词】Strengths Perspective Rural Staying Women Social Work Service 优势视角论文:优势视角下的农村留守妇女服务研究初探 【中文摘要】我国的农村留守妇女是在改革开放不断深入,经济快速发展和市场化程度不断提高的过程中形成的。由于城乡分割的二元社会结构和体制还没有完全被打破城市并没有给农民工提供可以实现“举家迁移”的条件;农民工也因为自身经济条件的限制,无法突破体制的限制而实现整个家庭人口的转移。根据相关数据统计,我国农村留守妇女数量在4000-5000万之间,这是一个庞大而特殊的群体。现有的文献主要从以下几方面对农村留守妇女群体进行过研究和论述:留守原因探析;留守给妇女带来的各种影响,比如婚姻家庭关系、身心健康、自我发展等。这些研究大多从“问 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 ”视角着手,视农村留守妇女为弱势群体;个案研究居多,全国性研究较少,西部地区案例多,东中部地区研究少,我们无法窥及全国农村留守妇女有全貌;同时缺乏对留守妇女重要相关人的对比研究等。因此,本文作者试图突破传统,采用优势视角重新审视这一特殊群体。作者首先通过问卷调查和个案深入访谈,了解到样本点留守妇女普遍存在着以下几个问题:生产劳动强度大,身体健康受到威胁;心理压力大,精神负担过重; 社会交往少,自我发展受限制等。为此,笔者有针对性地在该村留守妇女中间开展了形式各样的社工活动,特别是组织大家开展当地特色茶点技艺交流活动和农业生产互助活动。通过这些活动,留守妇女群体存在的普遍性问题得到部分解决,她们的农业生产强度降低,心理压力得到缓解,社会交往增多,自我能力得到提升。同时,笔者通过观察和访问,也看到了部分留守妇女积极向上的一面。这些分别反映在妇女个体、夫妻婚姻感情和家庭三方面。作者认为,农村留守妇女目前只是广大农村的一种现象,并没有形成重大的社会问题;她们并不认同自己的留守身份;她们并非因为留守而成为弱势群体,她们的弱势只是作为女性而存在着;她们选择留守不象之前学者们认为的出于无奈,而是权衡了许多因素后作出的决定;丈夫长期不在家,致使她们必须面对日常决策,这无形中提升了自我的能力;面对不安全因素,她们自我保护意识明显增强;面对留守生活,她们有过抱怨,但的是感激和满足。留守也不是容易导致婚姻解体的原因;虽然她们要做的日常家务减少了,但家庭生产劳动却明显增加了;在教育子女方面,她们也有自己的优势。本文最后认为,优势视角下的社会工作只能部分地解决留守妇女存在的问题,而无法从根本上解决这一群体的问题。如果留守妇女群体无法在短期内消除,那么最有效的解决办法还在于国家制定更有利于农民工和留守妇女的政策并得到有力的推行。当然要从根本上解决留守妇女的问题,最好的办法还是消除妇女留守现象,结束留守生活。 【英文摘要】The rural staying women in our country were formed in the process of the deepening of China’s reform and opening policy, especially the rapid development of the economy and the improvement of the marketization. However, due to the division of the dual urban-rural social structure and system has not been fully broken, a city can not provide the condition for the rural labor-force to move the cities with their all family members. Also the rural labors, because they have no enough money and they can not break through the limit of the barrier, their families members can not move to the cities. According to the relative data statistic, there are about40to50million rural staying women in China, which is a special and large of group.The existing literature studies and discusses the problem mainly from the following aspects:analyzing staying reasons; influences of staying, such as marriage relationship, physical and mental health, and self-development, etc. All those studies view the staying phenomenon as a problem, and the staying women are seen as vulnerable groups. And case studies are in the majority, nationwide study is less, the western region case, the central regions of less, not a comprehensive understanding of the national rural staying women overall situation. And lack of staying women important related people of the comparison of study and so on.Thus, in this paper, the author tried to break through the traditional way, using a completely different perspective, strengths perspective, to review this group. By the questionnaire surveys and case-depth interviews, firstly, the author found that the following problems generally exist in these women. They have to do so much hard work that their health is threatened. Both psychological stress and mental burden are too heavy, less social interaction and more self-development limited and so on. Targeted to these, the author carried out various forms of social work activities, especially the group works of tea technology exchange and agriculture product mutual activities.Through these group works, the problems in these women have been a partial solution.It lowered their agricultural production intensity, alleviated their psychological stress and enhanced their self-abilities.At the same time, through observation and interviews, the author also sees the positive side in the part of women. These include three aspects:personal situation, couples feelings and family. The author thinks that the rural staying women at present in rural only belongs to one kind of phenomenon, having not formed a significant social problem. The women don’t agree with their own special left-behind identity; they become vulnerable groups not because they are not staying but they live as women. They choose to stay not in desperation, which like the scholars believed, but after weighing out many factors. Because of their husbands are not at home for a long time, they have to face daily decision-making, which can help them improve their abilities. They learned to protect themselves from the unsafe factors. They have been complained about the left-behind life, but now they are satisfied and appreciate. Staying is not the reason for their marriage’s disintegration; due to their husbands not staying at home for a long time, they do less daily housework, while family productive labor are increased. In the education of their children, they also have their own strengths.In conclusion, the author argued that, the social work through strengths perspective can only partly not completely solve the problem in these women. The best way to it lies on more effective policies created and powerfully promoted by the government which are both benefit to migrant workers and staying women, if the staying women have not disappeared in a short time. Of course, the most effective solution is to eliminate the staying phenomenon and end the women’s staying life. 【目录】优势视角下的农村留守妇女服务研究初探 摘要 3-5 Abstract 5-6 引言 10-17 一、研究的问题及目的意义 10-11 (一) 研究的问题 10 (二) 研究的目的意义 10-11 二、调查地区概况 11 三、研究方法 11 四、研究对象概况 11-12 (一) 农村留守妇女的概念 11-12 (二) 我国农村留守妇女概况 12 五、文献述评 12-17 (一) 文献综述 12-14 1、对留守原因的探析 12-13 2、留守给妇女带来的各种影响 13-14 (二) 文献评论 14-17 1、“问题”视角下的农村留守妇女研究 15 2、个案研究多,全国性研究少,无法窥及农村留守妇女全貌 15 3、缺乏与留守妇女重要相关人的对比研究 15 4、可进一步尝试的研究 15-17 第1章 农村留守妇女问卷调查 17-21 一、样本点留守妇女概况 17 二、样本点开展社会工作情况 17 三、样本点留守妇女问卷调查情况 17-19 (一) 生存问题分析 18 (二) 支持问题分析 18-19 (三) 例外问题分析 19 (四) 可能性问题分析 19 (五) 评价问题分析 19 四、样本点留守妇女需求评估 19-21 (一) 生产劳动强度大,身体健康受到威胁 19-20 (二) 心理压力大,精神负担 过重 20 (三) 社会交往少,自我发展受限制 20-21 第2章 优势视角介入农村留守妇女社会工作 21-24 一、优势视角——一种社会工作的新范式 21 二、优势视角下的农村留守妇女 21-22 三、优势视角下的留守妇女社工服务 22-24 (一) 小组工作——当地特色茶点制作技艺交流与学习 22 (二) 社区工作——环保行动 22-24 第3章 优势视角下的农村留守妇女服务分析 24-31 一、留守妇女问题得到部分解决 24-25 (一) 生产劳动强度有所减小,但身体状况仍不容乐观 24 (二) 心理压力得到有效缓解,精神状态恢复正常 24-25 (三) 社会交往的增多,有效促进了自我的发展 25 二、优势视角下的留守妇女服务新发现 25-31 (一) 留守妇女个体新发现 25-29 1、现象而非问题 25-26 2、认同还是否认 26 3、她们是弱势群体吗 26-27 4、无奈还是自愿 27 5、提升自我 27-28 6、抱怨还是满足 28 7、自我保护意识增强了 28-29 (二) 留守妇女婚姻、感情新发现 29-30 (三) 留守妇女家庭新发现 30-31 1、家务活增加了还是减少了 30 2、教育孩子,她们也有优势 30-31 第4章 总结和讨论 31-33 一、总结 31 二、讨论或反思 31-33 注释 33-34 参考文献 34-36 附录 36-40 读硕期间发表的论文目录 40-41 致谢 41-42