【最新+免费】【大学英语六级阅读专项练习35篇】附答案

【最新+免费】【大学 英语 关于好奇心的名言警句英语高中英语词汇下载高中英语词汇 下载英语衡水体下载小学英语关于形容词和副词的题 六级阅读专项练习35篇】附 答案 八年级地理上册填图题岩土工程勘察试题省略号的作用及举例应急救援安全知识车间5s试题及答案 【最新编排】 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ???óÑ?Ó?ÓïÁù??ÔÄ?Á×?ÏîÁ?Ï?35ƪ?????ð??.txt??008Ì???Õý??ÁË???,ÇÐ????Õý????ÔÚÕâ?ö?Ø?üÊ??Ì??ÖÐ?úÄÐ×ãÍ?Éí?ø?ö??ÏòÈ?ÊÀ?çÖ?Ã??ºÖÐ?úÄÐ×ã??ÊÇÕý??µØ?? ??ÎÄÓÉ??0090??3??83??Ï× docÎĵµ?ÉÄÜÔÚWAP?Ëä?ÀÀÌåÑé???Ñ.??ÒéÄúÓÅÏÈÑ?ÔñTXT???òÏÂÔØÔ?ÎÄ?þµ????ú?é??. ÓðÌì È??úÓ?ÓïÁù?? ÔÄ?ÁÀí?â ÔÄ?ÁÀí?â×?ÏîÁ?Ï? 3 5 ƪ ??.??007 Äê ???? ÔÂÓ?ÓïÁù??ÔÄ?Á×?ÏîѵÁ??????? Giving Credit Where Credit Is Not Due The big identity-theft bust last week was just a taste of what's to come. Here's how to protect your good name HERE'S THE SCARY THING about the identity-theft ring that the feds cracked last week: there was nothing any of its estimated 40,000 victims could have done to prevent it from happening. This was an inside job, according to court documents. A lowly help-desk worker at Teledata Communications, a software firm that helps banks access credit reports online, allegedly stole passwords for those reports and sold them to a group of ??0 thieves at $60 a pop. That allowed the gang to cherry-pick consumers with good credit and apply for all kinds of accounts in their names. Cost to the victims: $3 million and rising. Even scarier is that this, the largest identity-theft bust to date, is just a drop in the bit bucket. More than 700,000 Americans have their credit hijacked every year. It's one of crime's biggest growth markets. A name, address and Social Security number--which can often be found on the Web--is all anybody needs to apply for a bogus line of credit. Credit companies make $??.3 trillion annually and lose less than ??% of that revenue to fraud, so there's little financial incentive for them to make the application process more secure. As it stands now, it's up to you to protect your identity. The good news is that there are plenty of steps you can take. Most credit thieves are opportunists, not well-organized gangs. A lot of them go Dumpster diving for those millions of "pre-approved" credit-card mailings that go out every day. Others steal wallets and return them, taking only a Social Security number. Shredding your junk mail and leaving your Social Security card at home can save a lot of agony later. But the most effective way to keep your identity clean is to check your credit reports once or twice a year. There are three major credit-report outfits: Equifax (at equifax.com), Trans-Union (www.transunion.com) and Experian (experian.com). All allow you to order reports online, which is a lot better than wading through voice-mail hell on their 800 lines. Of the three, I found TransUnion's website to be the cheapest and most comprehensive--laying out state-by-state prices, rights and tips for consumers in easy-to-read fashion. If you're lucky enough to live in Colorado, Georgia, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey or Vermont, you are entitled to one free report a year by law. Otherwise it's going to cost $8 to $??4 each time. Avoid services that offer to monitor your reports year-round for about $70; that's $??0 more than the going rate among thieves. If you think µÚ ?? Ò? ?? 5?? Ò? ÓðÌì È??úÓ?ÓïÁù?? ÔÄ?ÁÀí?â you're a victim of identity theft, you can ask for fraud alerts to be put on file at each of the three credit-report companies. You can also download a theft-report form at www.consumer.gov/idtheft, which, along with a local police report, should help when irate creditors come knocking. Just don't expect justice. That audacious help-desk worker was one of the fewer than ??% of identity thieves who are ever caught. ??.What is the trend of credit-theft crime? ??A??Tightly suppressed. ??B??More frightening. ??C??Rapidly increasing. ??D??loosely controlled. ??.The expression "inside job"(Line 6, Paragraph ??) most probably means . ??A??a crime that is committed by a person working for the victim ??B??a crime that should be punished severely ??C??a crime that does great harm to the victim ??D??a crime that poses a great threat to the society 3.The creditors can protect their identity in the following way except . ??A??destroying your junk mail ??B??leaving your Social Security card at home ??C??visiting the credit-report website regularly ??D??obtaining the free report from the government 4.Why is it easy to have credit-theft? ??A??More people are using credit service. ??B??The application program is not safe enough. ??C??Creditors usually disclose their identity. ??D??Creditors are not careful about their identity. 5.What is the best title of the text? ??A??The danger of credit-theft ??B??The loss of the creditors ??C??How to protect your good name ??D??Why the creditors lose their identity ??. ??007 Äê ???? ÔÂÓ?ÓïÁù??ÔÄ?Á×?ÏîѵÁ??????? Opinion polls are now beginning to show that,whoever is to blame and whatever happens from now on,high unemployment is probably here to say.This means we shall have to find ways of sharing the available employment more widely.ª? But we need to go further. We must ask some fundamental questions about the future work. Should we continue to treat employment as the norm? Should we not rather encourage many ways for self-respecting people to work? Should we not create conditions in which many of us can work for ourselves, rather than for an employer? Should we not aim to revive the household and the neighborhood, as well as the factory and the office, as centers of production and work? ª? The industrial age has been the only period of human history in which µÚ ?? Ò? ?? 5?? Ò? ÓðÌì È??úÓ?ÓïÁù?? ÔÄ?ÁÀí?â most people's work has taken the form of jobs. The industrial age may now becoming to an end, and some of the changes in work patterns which it brought may have to be reversed. This seems a daunting thought. But, in fact, it could offer the prospect of a better future for work. Universal employment, as its history shows, has not meant economic freedom.ª? Employment became widespread when the enclosures of the ??7th and ??8th centuries made many people dependent on paid work by depriving them of the use of the land, and thus of the means to provide a living for themselves. Then the factory system destroyed the cottage industries and removed work from people's homes. Later, as transport improved first by rail and then by road, people commuted longer distances to their places of employment until, eventually, many people's work lost all connection with their home lives and the places in which they live.ª? Meanwhile, employment put women at a disadvantage. In preindustrial times, men and women had shared the productive work of the household and village community. Now it became customary for the husband to go out to paid employment, leaving the unpaid work of the home and families to his wife. Tax and benefit regulations still assume this norm today, and restrict more flexible sharing of work roles between the sexes.ª? It was not only women whose work status suffered. As employment became the dominant form of work, young people and old people were excluded-a problem now, as more teenagers become frustrated at school and more retired people want to live active lives.ª? All this may now have to change.ª? The time has certainly come to switch some effort and resources away from the idealist goal creating jobs for all, to the urgent practical task of helping many people to manage without full-time jobs. ª? ????.What is the main idea of the passage?ª? A?? Employment became widespread in the ??7th and ??8th centuries. ª? B?? Unemployment will remain a major problem for industrialized nations. C?? The industrial age may now be coming to an end.ª? D?? Some efforts and resources should be devoted to helping more people cope with the problem of unemployment. ª? ????.Which of the following was NOT mentioned as a factor contributing to the spread of employment?ª? A ?? The enclosures of the ??7th and ??8th centuries. ª? B ?? The development of factories.ª? C?? Relief from housework on the part of women.ª? D?? Development of modern means of transportation. ª? µÚ 3 Ò? ?? 5?? Ò? ÓðÌì È??úÓ?ÓïÁù?? ÔÄ?ÁÀí?â ??3.It can be inferred from the passage that.ª? A?? most people who have been polled believe that the problem of unemployment may not be solved within a short period of time ª? B?? many farmers lost their land when new railways and factories were being constructed ª? C?? in preindustrial societies housework and community service were mainly carried out by women ª? D?? some of the changes in work pattern that the industrial age brought have been reversed ª? ??4.What does the word "daunting" in the third paragraph mean?ª? A?? Shocking B?? Interesting ª? C?? Confusing D?? Stimulating ª? ??5.Which of the following is NOT suggested as a possible means to cope with the current situation?ª? A?? Create situations in which people work for themselves.ª? B?? Treat employment as the norm.ª? C ?? Endeavor to revive the household and the neighborhood as centers of production.ª? D?? Encourage people to work in circumstances other than normal working conditions.ª? 3.??007 Äê ???? ÔÂÓ?ÓïÁù??ÔÄ?Á×?ÏîѵÁ???3?? No one should be forced to wear a uniform under any circumstance. Uniforms are demanding to the human spirit and totally unnecessary in a democratic society. Uniforms tell the world that the person who wears one has no value as an individual but only lives to function as a part of a whole. The individual in a uniform loses all self-worth. ª? There are those who say that wearing a uniform gives a person a sense of identification with a larger, more important concept. What could be more important than the individual himself? If an organization is so weak that it must rely on cloth and buttons to inspire its members, that organization has no right to continue its existence. Others say that the practice of making persons wear uniforms, say in a school, eliminates all envy and competition in the matter of dress, such that a poor person who cannot afford good-quality clothing is not to be belittled by a wealthy person who wears expensive quality clothing. Those persons conveniently ignore such critical concepts as freedom of choice, motivation, and individuality. If all persons were to wear the same clothing, why would anyone strive to be better? It is only a short step from forcing everyone to drive the same car, have the same type of foods. When this happens, all incentive to improve one's life is removed. Why would parents bother to work hard so that their children could have a better life than they had when they know that their children are going to be forced to have exactly the same life that they had? ª? µÚ 4 Ò? ?? 5?? Ò? ÓðÌì È??úÓ?ÓïÁù?? ÔÄ?ÁÀí?â Uniforms also hurt the economy. Right now, billions of dollars are spent on the fashion industry yearly. Thousands of persons are employed in designing, creating and marketing different types of clothing. If everyone were forced to wear uniforms, artistic personnel would be unnecessary. Sales persons would be superfluous as well; why bother to sell the only items that are available? The wearing of uniforms would destroy the fashion industry, which in turn would have a ripple effect on such industries as advertising and promotion. Without advertising, newspapers, magazines, and television would not be able to remain in business. One entire information and entertainment industry would collapse. ??6.The author's primary purpose in writing this passage was to . ª? A??plead for the abolishment of uniforms ª? B??show that uniforms are not possible in a democratic society ª? C ?? advocate stronger governmental controls on the wearing of uniforms D??convince the reader that uniforms have more disadvantages than advantages ??7.Why does the author discuss forcing everyone to buy the same car or eat the same food? ª? A) To show that freedom of choice is absolute.ª? B) To show that the government has interfered too much in the lives of individual.ª? C) To suggest what would happen if uniforms became compulsory.ª? D) To predict the way the society will be in the next few generations. ??8.Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the author? A) The person who wears a uniform has no self-worth.ª? B) Wearing a uniform gives a person a sense of identification with a larger concept.ª? C) Uniforms will hurt one entire information and entertainment industry. D) Envy and competition are incentive to improve one's life. ª? ??9.The word "superfluous" (Para. 3) most probably means . ª? A) indispensable B) available ª? C) surplus D) supplementary ª? 30.The next paragraph in this passage might discuss.ª? A) the positive effects of wearing uniforms ª? B) more negative effects of wearing uniforms ª? C) alternative to wearing uniforms ª? D) the legal rights of those not wishing to wear uniforms 4.??007 Äê ???? ÔÂÓ?ÓïÁù??ÔÄ?Á×?ÏîѵÁ???4?? A strange thing about humans is their capacity for blind rage. Rage is presumably an emotion resulting from survival instinct, but the µÚ 5 Ò? ?? 5?? Ò? ÓðÌì È??úÓ?ÓïÁù?? ÔÄ?ÁÀí?â surprising thing about it is that we do not deploy it against other animals. If we encounter a dangerous wild animal - a poisonous snake or a wild cat - we do not fly into a temper. If we are unarmed, we show fear and attempt to back away; if we are suitably armed, we attack, but in a rational manner not in a rage. We reserve rage for our own species. It is hard to see any survival value in attacking one's own, but if we take account of the long competition, which must have existed between our own subspecies and others like Neanderthal man - indeed others still more remote from us than Neanderthal man human rage becomes more comprehensible. ª?In our everyday language and behavior there are many reminders of those early struggles. We are always using the words "us and them". "Our" side is perpetually trying to do down the "other" side. In games we artificially create other subspecies we can attack. The opposition of "us" and "them" is the touchstone of the two-party system of "democratic" politics. Although there are no very serious consequences to many of these modern psychological representations of the "us and them" emotion, it is as well to remember that the original aim was not to beat the other subspecies in a game but to exterminate it. ª? The readiness with which humans allow themselves to be regimented has permitted large armies to be formed, which, taken together with the "us and them" blind rage, has led to destructive clashes within our subspecies itself. The First World War is an example in which Europe divided itself into two imaginary subspecies. And there is a similar extermination battle now in Northern Ireland. The idea that there is a religious basis for this clash is illusory, for not even the Pope has been able to control it. The clash is much more primitive than the Christian religion, much older in its emotional origin. The conflict in Ireland is unlikely to stop until a greater primitive fear is imposed from outside the community, or until the combatants become exhausted. 3??.A suitable title for this passage would be. ª? A) Why Human Armies Are Formed ª? B) Man's Anger Against Rage ª? C) The Human Capacity for Rage ª? D) Early Struggles of Angry Man ª? 3??.According to the author, the surprising aspect of human anger is. ª? A) its lengthy and complex development ª? B) a conflict such as is now going on in Northern Ireland ª? C) that we do not fly into a temper more often ª? D) that we reserve anger for mankind ª? 33.The passage suggests that. ª? A) historically, we have created an "us" versus "them" society B) humans have had a natural disinclination toward formal grouping µÚ 6 Ò? ?? 5?? Ò? ÓðÌì È??úÓ?ÓïÁù?? ÔÄ?ÁÀí?â C) the First World War is an example of how man has always avoided domination ª? D) the emotional origin of the war in Ireland is lost in time ª? 34.From the passage we can infer that . ª? A) the artificial creation of a subspecies unlike us is something that never happens ª? B) games are psychologically unhealthy ª? C) any artificially created subspecies would be our enemy ª? D) the real or imagined existence of an opposing subspecies is inherent in man's activities ª? 35.The author believes that a religious explanation for the war in Northern Ireland is. ª? A) founded in historical fact B) deceptive ª? C) apparent D) probably accurate 5.??007 Äê ???? ÔÂÓ?ÓïÁù??ÔÄ?Á×?ÏîѵÁ???5?? The first way we can approach language is as a phenomenon of the individual person. It is concerned with describing and explaining language as a matter of human behavior. People speak and write; they also evidently read and understand what they hear. They are not born doing so; they have to acquire these skills. Not everybody seems to develop them to the same degree. People may suffer accidents or diseases, which impair their performance. Language is thus seen as part of human psychology, a particular sort of behavior, the behavior, which has as its principal, function that of communication.ª? The trouble with the term "behavior" is that it is often taken to refer only to more or less overt, and describable, physical movements and acts. Yet part of language behavior-that of understanding spoken or written language, for example-has little or no physically observable signs. It is true we can sometimes infer that understanding has taken place by the changes that take place in the other person's behavior. When someone has been prohibited from doing something, we may infer that he has understood the prohibition by observing that thereafter he never behaves in that way. We cannot, of course, be absolutely sure that his subsequent behavior is a result of his understanding; it might be due to a loss of interest or inclination. So behavior must be taken to include unobservable activity, often only to be inferred from other observable behavior.ª? Once we admit that the study of language behavior involves describing and explaining the unobservable, the situation becomes much more complicated, because we have to postulate some set of processes, some internal mechanism, which operates when we speak and understand. We have to postulate something we can call a mind. The study of language from this point of view can then be seen as a study of the specific properties, processes and states of the mind µÚ 7 Ò? ?? 5?? Ò? ÓðÌì È??úÓ?ÓïÁù?? ÔÄ?ÁÀí?â whose outward manifestations are observable behavior; what we have to know in order to perform linguistically.ª? This approach to language, as a phenomenon of the individual, is thus principally concerned with explaining how we acquire language, and its relation to general human cognitive systems, and with the psychological mechanisms underlying the comprehension and production of speech; much less with the problem of what language is for, that is, its function as communication, since this necessarily involves more than a single individual. ª? 36.What is the best title for this passage?ª? A) Language as Means of Communication. B) Language and Psychology.ª? C) Language and the Individual.ª? D) Language as a Social Phenomenon. ª? 37.According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?ª? A) Language is often regarded as part of human psychology.ª? B) People develop language skills of different degrees as a result of different personal experiences.ª? C) Language is a special kind of psychological behavior that is born with an individual.ª? D) People learn to speak and write through imitation and training. ª? 38.What does the term " behavior " in the second paragraph especially refer to in this passage?ª? A) It refers to observable and physical movements and acts.ª? B) It refers to the part of language behavior that involves understanding or interpretation.ª? C) It refers to both the overt and the unobservable language behaviors in communicating.ª? D) It refers to acts of speaking and writing. ª? 39.What does "internal mechanism"(Line 3, Para. 3) mean?ª? A) Secret machine. B) Mental processes.ª? C) Overt system. D) Mechanic operation. ª? 40.What can you infer from the passage?ª? A) Its individualistic approach to language is meant to study the psychological processes of language acquisition.ª? B) The individualistic approach to language is mainly concerned with how language functions in society.ª? C) The study of language is sure to involve more than a single individual. D) Psychological approach to language is concerned with the comprehension and production of speech. 6.??007 Äê ???? ÔÂÓ?ÓïÁù??ÔÄ?Á×?ÏîѵÁ???6?? The American economic system is organized around a basically µÚ 8 Ò? ?? 5?? Ò? ÓðÌì È??úÓ?ÓïÁù?? ÔÄ?ÁÀí?â private-enterprise?? market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most. Private businessmen?? striving to make profits?? produce these goods and services in competition with other businessmen?? and the profit motive?? operating under competitive pressures?? largely determines how these goods and services are produced. Thus?? in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers??coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes?? that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it. An important factor in a market-oriented economy is the mechanism by which consumer demands can be expressed and responded to by producers. In the American economy ?? this mechanism is provided by a price system?? a process in which prices rise and fall in response to relative demands of consumers and supplies offered by seller-producers. If the product is in short supply relative to the demand?? the price will be bid up and some consumers will be eliminated from the market. If?? on the other hand?? producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost?? this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers?? which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product. Thus?? price is the regulating mechanism in the America economic system. The important factor in a private-enterprise economy is that individual are allowed to own productive resources ?? private property???? and they are permitted to hire labor?? gain control over natural resources?? and produce goods and services for sale at a profit. In the American economy?? the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights?? including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual. ??.In Para. ????" the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes" means . A.Americans never feel satisfied with their incomes. B.Americans tend to overstate the amount of their incomes. C.Americans want to have their incomes increased. D.Americans want to increase the purchasing power of their incomes. ??.The first two sentences in the second paragraph clarity the idea to us that . A.producers can satisfy the consumers by mechanized production. B.consumers can express their demands through producers. C.producers decide the prices of products. D.supply and demand regulate prices. 3.The word "embraces" in Para. 3 probably parallels . µÚ 9 Ò? ?? 5?? Ò? ÓðÌì È??úÓ?ÓïÁù?? ÔÄ?ÁÀí?â A.enfold B.hug C.comprehend D.support 4.According to the passage ?? a private-enterprise economy is characterized by . A.private property and rights concerned. B.manpower and natural resources control. C.ownership of productive resources D.free contracts and prices. 5.The passage is mainly talking about . A.how American goods are produced. B.how American consumers buy their goods. C.how American economic system works. D.how American businessman make their profits 7.??007 Äê ???? ÔÂÓ?ÓïÁù??ÔÄ?Á×?ÏîѵÁ???7?? There are various ways in which individual economic units can interact with one another. Three basic ways may be described as the market system?? the administered system?? and the traditional system. In a market system individual economic units are free to interact among each other in the marketplace. It is possible to buy commodities from other economic units or sell commodities to them. In a market ?? transactions may take place via barter or money exchange. In a barter economy?? real goods such as automobiles?? shoes?? and pizzas are traded against each other. Obviously?? finding somebody who wants to trade my old car in exchange for a sailboat may not always be an easy task. Hence?? the introduction of money as a medium of exchange eases transactions considerably. In the modern market economy?? goods and services are bought or sold for money. An alternative to the market system is administrative control by some agency over all transactions. This agency will issue edicts or commands as to how much of each good and service should be produced ?? exchanged ?? and consumed by each economic unit. Central planning may be one way of administering such an economy. The central plan?? drawn up by the government?? shows the amounts of each commodity produced by the various firms and allocated to different households for consumption. This is an example of complete planning of production?? consumption?? and exchange for the whole economy. In a traditional society?? production and consumption patterns are governed by tradition?? every person's place within the economic system is fixed by parentage?? religion?? and custom. Transactions take place on the basis of tradition?? too. People belonging to a certain group or caste may have an obligation to care for other persons?? provide them with food and shelter ?? care for their health ?? and provide for their education. Clearly?? in a system where every decision µÚ ??0 Ò? ?? 5?? Ò? ÓðÌì È??úÓ?ÓïÁù?? ÔÄ?ÁÀí?â is made on the basis of tradition alone?? progress may be difficult to achieve. A stagnant society may result. ??.What is the main purpose of the passage?? A.To outline contrasting types of economic systems. B.To explain the science of economics. C.To argue for the superiority of one economic system. D.To compare barter and money-exchange markets. ??.In the second paragraph?? the word "real" in "real goods" could best be replaced by ?? A.high quality B.concrete C.utter D.authentic. 3.According to the passage?? a barter economy can generate . A.rapid speed of transactions. B.misunderstandings. C.inflation D.difficulties for the traders. 4.According to the passage?? who has the greatest degree of control in the administered system?? A.Individual households B.Small businesses. C.Major corporations. D.The government. 5.Which of the following is not mentioned by the author as a criterion for determining a person's position in a traditional society?? A.Family background B.Age C.Religious beliefs. D.Custom 8.??007 Äê ???? ÔÂÓ?ÓïÁù??ÔÄ?Á×?ÏîѵÁ???8?? Western airliner manufacturers seem to be tripping over themselves in their eagerness to sign collaborative agreements with Asian partners as a low-cost route to developing new airliners. Their potential Asian partners seem to be tripping over themselves to sign such agreements ?? as a low-cost route to acquiring new airliner technology. If they are not careful the two sides will end up tripping over each other?º the one by selling its birth-right for short-term gain?? the other by trying to break into a market which isn't big enough to sustain it. Technology transfer works in a growing market ?? where the aspirations of the new entrant receiving that technology can be met through expansion. The airliner market is not such a device. Even the most optimistic projections of airliner sales for the next ??0 years show that airliner manufacture can only be profitable if a small number of aircraft builders share the available sales. It follows that if new manufacturers come into the market and take sales?? their sales must come from substitution?? not expansion. Given the complexity of today's airliners?? it is unlikely that any new entrant will have both the financial and technical resources to come into the market without the involvement of an established manufacturer. In the short term?? such involvement may not be to the exclusive benefit of the new entrant ?º most of the established manufacturers are searching for ways to reduce costs of manufacture. µÚ ???? Ò? ?? 5?? Ò? ÓðÌì È??úÓ?ÓïÁù?? ÔÄ?ÁÀí?â In the short term ?? ?? it can be of benefit to an established Western manufacturer to have either components of complete air - frames made or assembled in lower-wage economics such a China?? Taiwan or Korea ?? while retaining the design ?? development and marketing of aircraft for itself. It would be a very unwise Western manufacturer which did not heed the fact that these developing economies are acquiring skills ?? like computing ?? at least as quickly as they are acquiring skills in metallbashing. The danger comes when the new entrant no longer needs the established Western partner because it has acquired the technical and intellectual ability to design and build its own aircraft. An Asian partner may well find itself in the happy position of having the low-cost labour base?? the high-cost technology base and the vital financial base to build a new airliner. ??.The author's attitude towards Western/eastern collaboration can be depicted as . A.positive B.progressive C.conservative D.negative ??."The airliner market is not such a device " means that the airliner market . A.does not encourage technology transfer B.is too limited to offer chances of success C.requires hi-tech rather than unaccepted devices D.is full of competitions even for new entrants 3.Established manufacturers search for partners in order to . A.save the cost of the airframe B.improve some aircraft components C.save the cost of labour D.develop new technology 4.According to the author??a wise established manufacturer should . A.try to benefit from both financial and technical resources B.break up his partnership with the East once profits are made C.keep a tight told over hi-tech development and marketing of airliners D.collaborate with Asian partners for a short time 5.The word "base" in the last paragraph represents. A.a production place B.the initial operation of building aircraft C.a research institute D.a position where to start building 9.??008 Äê 6 ÔÂÓ?ÓïÁù??ÔÄ?ÁÀí?â×?ÏîѵÁ?(??) There is evidence that the usual variety of high blood pressure is,in part,a familiar disease.Since families have similar genes as well as similar environments,familiar diseases could be due to shared genetic influences,to shared environmental factors,or to both.For some years,the role of one environmental factor commonly shared by µÚ ???? Ò? ?? 5?? Ò? ÓðÌì È??úÓ?ÓïÁù?? ÔÄ?ÁÀí?â families,namely dietary salt(i.e.,sodium chloride),has been studied at Brookhaven National Laboratory.These studies suggest that chromic excess salt ingestion can lead to high blood pressure in man and animals.Some individuals,however,and some rats consume large amounts of salt without developing high blood pressure.No matter how strictly all environmental factors were controlled in these experiments,some salt-fed animals never developed hypertension whereas a few rapidly developed very severe hypertension followed by early death.These marked variations were interpreted to result from differences in genetic constitution. By mating is successive generations only those animals that failed to develop hypertension from salt ingestion,a resistant strain(the "R" Strain)has been evolved in which consumption of large quantities of salt fails to influence the blood pressure significantly.In contrast,by mating only animals that quickly develop hypertension from salt,a sensitive strain("S" strain)has also been developed. The availability of these tow strains permits investgations not heretofore possible.They provide a plausible laboratory model on which to investigate some clinical aspects of the human prototypes of hypertension.More important,there might be the possibility of developing methods by which genetic susceptibility of human beings to high blood pressure can be defined without waiting for its appearance.Radioactive sodium ???? was an important "tool" in working out the characteristics of the sodium chloride metabolism. ??.The study of the effects of salt on high blood pressure was carried out . A.as members of the same family tend to use similar amounts of salt B.to explore the long-term use of a sodium based substance C.because it was proven that salt caused high blood pressure D.because of the availability of chemically pure salt and its derivatives ??.The main difference between "S" and "R" rats is their . A.need for sodium ???? B.rate of mating C.reaction to salt D.type of blood 3.We can infer from the article that sodium ???? can de used to . A.control high blood pressure B.cure high blood pressure caused by salt C.tell the "S" rats from the "R" rats D.determine what a sodium chloride metabolism is like 4.The most beneficial results of the research might be . A.development of diets free of salt B.an early cure for high blood pressure C.control of genetic agents that cause high blood pressure µÚ ??3 Ò? ?? 5?? Ò? ÓðÌì È??úÓ?ÓïÁù?? ÔÄ?ÁÀí?â D.the early identification of potential high blood pressure victims 5.Which of the statements best relates the main idea of this article? A.When salt is added rats and human beings react similarly. B.The near future will see a cure for high blood pressure. C.The medical field is desperately in need of research. D.A tendency toward high blood pressure may be a hereditary factor. ??0.??008 Äê 6 ÔÂÓ?ÓïÁù??ÔÄ?ÁÀí?â×?ÏîѵÁ?(??) The Colonel ask Ashenden a good many questions and then suggested that he had particular qualifications for the Secret Service. Ashenden knew several European languages and the fact that he was a writer provided excellent cover: on the pretext that he was writing a book he could, without attracting attention, visit any neutral country. It was while they were discussing this point that the Colonel said,"You know you might get material that would be very useful to you in your work. I'll tell you an incident that occurred only recently. Very dramatic. A foreign government minister went down to a Mediterranean resort to fecover from a cold and he had some very important documents with him that he kept in a despatchcase. "A day or two after he arrived, he picked up a blonde at some restaurant or other, and he got very friendly with her. He took her back to his hotel, and when he came to himself in the morning the lady and the despatch-case had disappeared. They had one or two drinks up in his room and his theory is that when his back was turned the woman slipped a drug in his glass." "Do you mean to say that happened the other day?"said Ashenden wearily. "The week before last." "Impossible,"cried Ashenden. "Why, we've been putting that incident on the stage for sixty years, we've written it in a thousand novels. Do you mean to say that life has only just caught up with us?" "Well, I can vouch for the truth of the story." said the Colonel, "And believe me, the government concerned has been put to no end of trouble by the loss of the documents." "Well sir, if you can't do better than that in the Secret Service," sighed Ashenden, "that I'm afraid that as a source of inspiration to the writer of fiction, it's washout." ??.How did the Colonel suggest that Ashenden's being a writer would relate to his work as a spy? A.It would make travelling abroad more possible. B.It would make it easier for him to meet people. C.It would enable him to avoid arousing suspicion. D.It would enable him to use the languages he knew. ??.The reason for the Minister's trip was . A.to fetch some documents µÚ ??4 Ò? ?? 5?? Ò? ÓðÌì È??úÓ?ÓïÁù?? ÔÄ?ÁÀí?â B.to get over an illness C.to meet a spy D.to deliver some papers 3.According to the Colonel the incident happened . A.a few days before B.a few weeks before C.two weeks before D.sixty years before 4.Ashenden cried 'Impossible' after hearing the Colonel's story because he thought . A.it could not possibly happen B.it was too embarrassing C.it was too close to fiction D.it was too recent 5.The effect of the loss of documents on the foreign government was that . A.it put an end to one source of trouble B.it caused them a lot of inconvenience C.they merely denied it had happened D.they refused to believe it ????.??008 Äê 6 ÔÂÓ?ÓïÁù??ÔÄ?ÁÀí?â×?ÏîѵÁ?(3) "Culture shock" occurs as result of total immersion in a new culture.It happens to "people who have been suddenly transplanted abroad."Newcomers may be anxious because they do not speak the language,know the customs,or understand people's behavior in daily life.The visitor finds that "yes" may not always mean "yes",that friendliness does not necessarily mean friendship,or that statements that appear to be serious are really intended as jokes.The foreigner may be unsure as to when to shake hands,when to start conversations,or how to approach a stranger.The notion of "culture shock" helps explain feelings of bewilderment and disorientation.Language problems do not account for all the frustrations that people feel.When one is deprived of everything that was once familiar,such as understanding a transportation system, knowing how to register for university classes,or knowing how to make friends,difficulties in coping whth the new society may arise. "......when an individual enters a strange culture,he or she is like fish out of water."Newcomers feel at times that they do not belong to and feel alienated from the native members of the culture.When this happens visitors may want to reject everything about the new environment and may glorify and exaggerate the positive aspects of their own culture.Conversely visitors may scorn their native country by rejecting its values and instead choosing to identify with(if only temporatily)the value of the new country.This may occur as an µÚ ??5 Ò? ?? 5?? Ò? ÓðÌì È??úÓ?ÓïÁù?? ÔÄ?ÁÀí?â attempt to over-identify with the new culture in order to be accepted by the people in it. ??.The expression "he or she is like fish out of water"suggests . A.people away from their cultures can hardly survive in a new culture B.a fish can not survive without water C.people away from their culture experience mental isolation D.people away from their culture have difficulties in new environment ??.In order to identify with the new environment,some people may . A.give an exaggerated picture of their own country B.criticize the positive aspects of their own county C.abandon their original beliefs D.accept a temporary set of values 3.Which of the following statements is true according to the author? A.Perplexity results in culture shock. B.A typical symptom of cultur shock is confusion. C.Culture shock is the explanation of anxiety. D.Culture shock happens to foreign students only. 4.Newcomer may worry about . A.their ignorance of the alien customs B.their knowledge of "Yes" in the native language C.their understanding of friendship D.their control of their behavior 5.When the foreign visitor is immersed in new problems he finds hard to cope whith,he is most likely to feel . A.uninsured B.deprived C.alienated D.baffled ????.??008 Äê ???? ÔÂÓ?ÓïÁù??ÔÄ?ÁÀí?âÁ?Ï?(??) The orange towers of the Golden Gate Bridge--probably the most beautiful,certainly the most photographed bridge in the world--are visible from almost every point of elevation in San Francisco. The only crack in Northern California's 600-mile continental wall,for years this mile-wide strait was considered unbridgeable. As much an architectural as an engineering feat, the Golden Gate took only 5?? months to design and build, and was opened in ??937. Designed by Joseph Strauss, it was the first really massive suspension bridge,with a span of 4,??00ft, and until ??959 ranked as the world's longest. It connects the city at its northwesterly point on the peninsula to Marin County and Northern California, rendering the hitherto essential ferry crossing redundant, and was designed to withstand winds of up to a hundred miles an hour and to swing as much as ??7 ft. Handsome on a clear day, the bridge takes on an eerie(ÉñÃصØ) quality when the thick white fogs pour in and hide it almost completely. You can either drive or walk across. The drive is the more thrilling of the two options as you race under the bridge's towers, but the half-hour walk across it really gives you time to take in its enormous µÚ ??6 Ò? ?? 5?? Ò? ÓðÌì È??úÓ?ÓïÁù?? ÔÄ?ÁÀí?â size and absorb the views of the city behind you and the headlands of Northern California straight ahead. Pause at the midway point and consider the seven or so suicides a month who choose this spot,??60 ft up, as their jumping-off spot. Monitors of such events speculate that victims always face the city before they leap.In ??995, when the suicide toll from the bridge had reached almost ??,000,police kept the figures quiet to avoid a rush of would-be suicides going for the dubious distinction of being the thousandth person to leap. Perhaps the best loved symbol of San Francisco, in ??987 the Golden Gate proved an auspicious place(?çË???µØ) for a sunrise party when crowds gathered to celebrate its fiftieth anniversary. Some quarter of a million people turned up (a third of the city's entire population); the winds were strong and huge numbers caused the bridge to buckle(Ê? ÍäÇú), but fortunately not to break. ??. What is TURE of the Golden Gate Bridge? A. It is certainly the world's most beautiful bridge. B. It is far from San Francisco. C. It is a feat neither architecturally nor engineeringly before ??960. D.It was the world longest bridge. ??. What do you know further about the Golden Gate Bridge? A. It is over a strait where no bridge could have been built before the ??930s. B. It is the first massive bridge designed by Joseph Strauss. C. It appears while in the thick white fogs. D. It connects Marin Country with Northern California. 3. Of the two exercises, the drive over the bridge is more . A. interesting B. fascinating C. inviting D. exciting 4. Those who attempt to suicide often jump from the midway point of the bridge probably because. A. they want to die quietly B. they want to die quickly C. they want to take a glance at the bridge's towers D. they want to take a glance at San Francisco 5. What would be the best title for the text? A. The World's Most Beautiful Bridge B. The World's Most Photographed Bridge C. The World's First Suspension Bridge D.The Golden Gate Bridge ??3.??008 Äê ???? ÔÂÓ?ÓïÁù??ÔÄ?ÁÀí?âÁ?Ï?(??) A naked mole rat colony, like a beehive, wasp's nest, or termite mound(?ÀÒÏÇð), is ruled by its queen, or reproducing female. Other adult female mole rats neither ovulate(ÅÅÂÑ) nor breed. The queen of the largest member of the colony, and she maintains her breeding µÚ ??7 Ò? ?? 5?? Ò? ÓðÌì È??úÓ?ÓïÁù?? ÔÄ?ÁÀí?â status through a mixture of behavioral and, presumably, chemical control. Queens have been long-lived in captivity, and when they die or are removed from a colony one sees violent fighting for breeding status among the larger remaining females, leading to a takeover by a new queen. Eusocial(Ⱥ?ÓµØ) insect societies have rigid caste(µÈ??µØ) systems, each insect's role being defined by its behavior, body shape, and physiology. In naked mole rat societies, on the other hand, differences in behavior are related primarily to reproductive status (reproduction being limited to the queen and a few males), body size, and perhaps age. Smaller non-breeding members, both male and female, seem to participate primarily in gathering food, transporting nest material, and tunneling, Larger non-breeders are active in defending the colony and perhaps in removing dirt from the tunnels. One work has suggested that differences in growth rates may influence the length of time that an individual performs a task, regardless of its age. Cooperative breeding has evolved many times in vertebrates(??×µ ?? Îï ), but unlike naked mole rats, most cooperatively breeding vertebrates(except the wild dog, Lycaon pictus) are dominated by a pair of breeders rather than by a single breeding female. The division of labor within social groups is less pronounced among other vertebrates than among naked mole rats, colony size is much smaller, and mating by subordinate females may not be totally suppressed, whereas in naked mole rat colonies subordinate females are not sexually active, and many never breed. ??. Which of the following most accurately states the main idea of the passage? A. Naked mole rat colonies exhibit social organization based on a rigid caste system. B. Behavior in naked mole rat colonies may well be a close vertebrate analogue to behavior in eusocial insect societies. C. The mating habits of naked mole rats differ from those of any other vertebrate species. D. Naked mole rat colonies are the only known examples of cooperatively breeding vertebrate societies. ??. According to the passage, the following explanatory variables accounts for naked mole rat behavior EXCEPT A. age B. size C. growth rate D. reproductive status 3. In which of the following ways does the performance of tasks in naked mole rat colonies differ from task performance in eusocial insect societies? A. In naked mole rat colonies, all tasks are performed cooperatively. B. In eusocial insect societies, reproduction is limited to a single µÚ ??8 Ò? ?? 5?? Ò? ÓðÌì È??úÓ?ÓïÁù?? ÔÄ?ÁÀí?â female. C. In naked mole rat colonies, breeding is limited to the largest animals. D. In naked mole rat colonies, the performance of tasks is less rigidly determined by body shape. 4. Which of the following is a supposition rather than a fact concerning the queen in a naked mole rat colony? A. She exerts chemical control over the colony. B. She is the largest member of the colony. C. She mates with more than one male. D. She is the only breeding female. 5. What can you infer from the passage about breeding among Lyeaon pictus? A. An individual's ability to breed is related primarily to its rate of growth. B. Breeding is the only task performed by the breeding female. C. Breeding in the social group is not cooperative. D. Breeding is not dominated by a single pair of dogs ??4.??008 Äê ???? ÔÂÓ?ÓïÁù??ÔÄ?ÁÀí?âÁ?Ï?(3) Children are getting so fat they may be the first generation to die before their parents, an expert claimed yesterday. Today ' s youngsters are already falling prey to potential killers such as diabetes( ÌÇ Äò ?? ) because of their weight. Fatty fast- food diets combined with sedentary(??×øµØ) lifestyles dominated by televisions and computers could mean kids will die tragically young, says Professor Andrew Prentice, from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. At the same time, the shape of the human body is going through a huge evolutionary shift because adults are getting so fat. Here in Britain, latest research shows that the average waist size for a man is 36-38in, and may be 4??-44, by ??03??. This compares with only 3??.6in. in ??97??.Women's waists have grown from an average of ????in. in ??9??0 to ??4in. in the Fifties and 30in. now. One of the major reasons why children now are at greater risk is that we are getting fatter younger. In the UK alone, more than one million under- ??6s are classed as overweight or obese(?ý?È?ÊÅÖµØ)- double the number in the mid Eighties. One in ten four-year- olds are also medically classified as obese. The obesity(?ÊÅÖÖ?) pandemic??Á?ÐÐ????-an extensive epidemic- which started in the US, has now spread to Europe, Australasia, Central America and the Middle East. Many nations now record more than ??0 per cent of their population as clinically obese and well over half the population as overweight. µÚ ??9 Ò? ?? 5?? Ò? ÓðÌì È??úÓ?ÓïÁù?? ÔÄ?ÁÀí?â Prof. Prentice said the change in our shape has been caused by an oversupply of easily available high-energy foods combined with a dramatic drop in the energy we use as a result of technology developments. He is not alone in his concern. Only last week one medical journal revealed how obesity was fuelling a rise in cancer cases. Obesity also increases the risk factor for strokes and heart disease as well as diabetes. An averagely obese person ' s lifespan is shortened by around nine years while a severely obese person by many more. Prof. Prentice said: "So will parents outlive their children, as claimed recently by an American obesity specialist? The answer is yes and no. Yes, when the offspring become grossly obese. This is now becoming an alarmingly common occurrence in the US. Such children and adolescents have a greatly reduced quality of life in terms of both their physical and psychosocial health." So say" No" to that doughnut and burger. ??. Prof. Andrew Prentice said that the life of an extremely fat child A. might be shorter B. might be longer C. shorter than his father, but longer than his mother D. might be longer than his father, but shorter than his mother ??. The word "prey"(Line 3, Para.??) means A. victim B. vitamin C. food D. fool 3. Which of the following fails to refer to an obese child? A. An extremely weighty child. B. An extremely fat child. C. An extremely fatty child. D. An over weight child. 4. According to the passage, obesity is an extensive epidemic starting in A. Asia B. North America C. Europe D. Central America 5. Which of the following disease is NOT mentioned in the passage? A. pneumonia B. diabetes C. heart disease D. stroke ??5.??008 Äê ???? ÔÂÓ?ÓïÁù??ÔÄ?ÁÀí?âÁ?Ï?(??) Proxemics(?Õ?ä?ØϵÑ?) is the study of what governs how closely one person stands to another. People who feel close will be close, though the actual distances will vary between cultures. For Amreicans we can discern four main categories of distance: intimate, personal, social and public. Intimate ranges from direct contact to about 45 centimeters. This is for the closest relationships such as those between husband and wife. Beyond this comes personal distance. This stands at between 45 and 80 centimeters. It is the most usual distance maintained for conversations between friends and relatives. Social distance covers people who work together or are meeting at social gatherings. Distances here tend to be kept between ??.30 to ?? µÚ ??0 Ò? ?? 5?? Ò? ÓðÌì È??úÓ?ÓïÁù?? ÔÄ?ÁÀí?â meters. Beyond this comes public distance, such as that between a lecturer and his audience. All cultures draw lines between what is an appropriate and what is an inappropriate social distance for different types of relationship. They differ, however, in where they draw these lines. Look at an international reception withrepresentatives from the US and Arabic countries conversing and you will see the Americans pirouetting(?ìËÙ Ðýת) backwards around the hall pursued by their Arab partners. The Americans will be trying to keep the distance between themselves and their partners which they have grown used to regarding as "normal". They probably will not even notice themselves trying to adjust the distance between themselves and their partners, though they may have vague feeling that their Arab neighbors are being a bit "pushy". The Arab, on the other hand, coming from a culture where much closer distance is the norm, may be feeling that the Americans are being "stand-offish". Finding themselves happier standing close to and even touching those they are in conversation with they will persistently pursue the Americans round the room trying to close the distance between them. The appropriateness of physical contact varies between different cultures too. One study of the number of times people conversing in coffee shops over a one hour period showed the following interesting variations: London, 0; Florida, ??; Paris, ??0; and Puerto Rico ??80. Not only dose it vary between societies, however, it also varies between different subcultures within one society. Young people in Britain, for example, are more likely to touch and hug friends than are the older generation. This may be partly a matter of growing older, but it also reflects the fact that the older generation grew up at a time when touching was less common for all age groups. Forty years ago, for example, footballers would never hug and kiss one another on the field after a goal as they do today. ??.In proxemics, governs the standing space between two persons. A. distance B. culture C. conversation D. relationship ??.The word " stand-offish " (Line ??4, Para. ??) could best be replaced by. A. cold and distant in behaviour B. ungentlemanlike in behaviour C. inhuman in behaviour D. polite in behaviour 3. In conversation with an American partner at an international reception, an Arab deems that close distant is . A. appropriate B. inappropriate C. rash D. impetuous 4. We can infer from the third paragragh that the appropriateness of physical contact also varies with. A. time B. city C. country D. people 5. The best title for the passage would be . µÚ ???? Ò? ?? 5?? Ò? ÓðÌì È??úÓ?ÓïÁù?? ÔÄ?ÁÀí?â A. Proxemics B. Appropriateness of Social Distance C. Appropriateness Relationships Between Two Persons D. Appropriateness Physical Contact Between Two Persons ??6. ??008Äê ???? ÔÂÓ?ÓïÁù??ÔÄ?ÁÀí?âÁ?Ï?(??) In the past century Irish painting has changes from a British-influenced lyrical tradition to an art that evokes the ruggedness and roots of an Irish Celtic past. At the turn of the twentieth century Irish painters, including notables Walter Frederick Osborne and Sir William Orpen, looked elsewhere for influence. Osborne ' s exposure to " plein air " painting deeply impacted his stylistic development; and Orpen allied himself with a group of English artists, while at the same time participated in the French avant-garde experiment, both as painter and teacher. However, nationalist energies were beginning to coalesce (?ÓºÏ)?? reviving interest in Irish culture-including Irish visual arts. Beatrice Elvery's (??907), a landmark achievement, merged the devotional simplicity of fifteenth-century Italian painting with the iconography ( Ð? Ïñ ?, ?? ) of Ireland ' s Celtic past, linking the history of Irish Catholicism with the still-nasce t (?õÉúµØ) Irish republic. And, although also captivated by the French plein air school, Sir John Lavery invoked the mythology of his native land for a ??9??8 commission to paint the central figure for the bank note of the new Irish Free State. Lavery chose as this figure, with her arm on a Celtic harp (ÊúÇÙ)??the national symbol of independent Ireland. In Irish painting from about ??9??0, memories of Edwardian romanticism coexisted with a new sense of realism,exemplified by the paintings of Paul Henry and Se Keating, a student of Orpen's. realism also crept into the work of Edwardians Lavery and Orpen, both of whom made paintings depicting World War?ñ,Lavery with a distanced Victorian nobility, Orpen closer to the front, revealing a more sinister and realistic vision. Meanwhile, counterpoint to the Edwardians and realists came Jack B. Yeats, whose travels throughout the rugged and more authentically Irish West led him to depict subjects ranging from street scenes in Dublin to boxing matches and funerals. Fusing close observations of Irish life and icons with an Irish identity in a new way, Yeats changed the face of Irish painting and became the most important Irishartist of his century. ??. Which of the following art most probably exerted the greatest influence on Irish painting in the ??9th century? A. British lyrical tradition B. French avant-garde experiment C. notionalist energies D. Italian painting ??. It is impliedwas least influenced by the contemporary art of Frence. µÚ ???? Ò? ?? 5?? Ò? ÓðÌì È??úÓ?ÓïÁù?? ÔÄ?ÁÀí?â A. Sir John Lavery B. Sir William Orpen C. Beatrice Elvery D. Se Keating 3. Which of the following best explains the author's use of the word "counterpoint" in referring to Yeats? A. Yeats' paintings differed significantly in subject matter from those of his contemporaries in Ireland. B. Yeats reacted to the realism of his contemporary artists by invoking nineteenth-century naturalism in his own painting style. C. Yeats avoided religious and mythological themes in favor of mundane portrayals of Irish life. D. Yeats built upon the realism painting tradition, elevating it to unprecedented artistic heights. 4. The author points out the coexistence of romanticism and realism most probably in order to show that. A. Irish painters of the early twentieth century tended to romanticize the harsh reality of war B. for a time painters from each school influenced painters from the other school C. Yeats was influenced by both the romantic and realist schools of Irish painting D. the transition in Irish painting from one predominant style to the other was not an abrupt one 5. The most likely topic of the paragraph followed is . A. The Role of Celtic Mythology in Irish Painting B. Who Deserves Credit for the Preeminence of Yeats among Irish Painters? C. Realism vs. Romanticism: Ireland ' s Struggle for National Identity D. Irish Paintings: Reflections of an Emerging Independent State ??7.??008 Äê ???? ÔÂÓ?ÓïÁù??ÔÄ?ÁÀí?âÁ?Ï?(3) The moden world only recently reached the Yanomano, a native people of the Amazon basin. Sheltered by thick rainforest,the Yanomano lived a self-contained existence until gold was discovered in their jungle homeland. Miners flocked into the forests, cutting down trees and bringing disease and shot those Yanomano who would not get out of the way. In just seven years from the early ??980s, the population fell ??0 per cent. Hands Around the World, a native American cultural association, says the Yanomano are believed to be the most culturally intact people in the world. They wear loin cloths, use fire sticks and decorate their bodies with dye from a red berry(???û). They don't use the wheel and the only metal they use is what has been traded to them by outsiders. When a Yanomano dies, the body is burned and the remaining bones crushed into a powder and turned into a drink that is µÚ ??3 Ò? ?? 5?? Ò? ÓðÌì È??úÓ?ÓïÁù?? ÔÄ?ÁÀí?â later consumed by mourners in memory of the dead. A Hands Around the World report says that in South America not only are the cultures and traditions in danger of disappearing, but some tribes are in danger of extinction. " The Yanomano is a well-known tribe that is rapidly losing its members through the destruction of Western disease," the report says. Before illegal gold miners entered their rainforest, the Yanomano were isolated from modern sociaty. They occupy dense jungle north of the Amazon River between Venezuela and Brazil and are catalogued by anthro pologists(ÈËÀàÑ??Ò) as neo-indians with cultural characteristics that date back more than 8,000 years. Each community lives in a circular communal house, some of which sleep up to 400, built around a central square. Though many Yanomano men are monogamous, it is not unusual for them to have two or more wives. Anthropologists from the University of Wisconsin say polygamy is a way to increase one's wealth because having a large family increases help with hunting and cultivating the land. These marriages result in a shortage of women for other men to marry, which has led to inter-tribal wars. Each Yanomano man is responsible for clearing his land for gardening, using slash-and-hum farming methods. They grow plantains, a type of banana eaten cooked, and hunt game animals, fish and anaconda(ÄÏÃÀÈÈ?øòþÉß) using bows and arrows. ??. Miners flocked into the forest and shot those Yanomano who . A. sheltered in thick rainforest B. would not leave their jungle homeland C. lived a self-contained existence D. would stand in their way ??. The organization called Hands Around the World believes that culturally, the Yanomano is the world's. A. most primitive people B. most backward people C. most advanced people D. oldest people 3. Which of the following is NOT true according to an American cultural association report? A. In South America, the cultures are on the verge of extinction. B. In South America, the traditions are on the verge of extinction. C. In South America, the Yanomano can survive extinction. D. In South America, some tribes are on the verge of extinction. 4. caused the Yanomano to have inter-tribal wars. A. The shortage of women resulting from polygamy B. The difference in wealth resulting from polygamy C. The shortage of women resulting from monogamy D. The difference in wealth resulting from monogamy 5. We can infer from the passage that it is imperative for us to µÚ ??4 Ò? ?? 5?? Ò? ÓðÌì È??úÓ?ÓïÁù?? ÔÄ?ÁÀí?â protect the Yanomano because. A. it is a clturally most intact people B. it is a primitive people deep in jungle C. it is a native people of the Amazon basin D. it is primitive people in danger of disappearing ??8.??008 Äê ???? ÔÂÓ?ÓïÁù??ÔÄ?ÁÀí?âÁ?Ï?(4) Since its foundation in ??954, the United Nations has written into its major covenants( Æõ Ô? ) the need to establish minimum ages for marriage. But the custom of marriage is a highly sensitive cultural issue, mainly because it is so unpleasantly involved with women's rights and societal traditions and practices, and rules on marriage vary widely between countries. Some countries, particularly in West Africa, still do not have a legal minimum age for marriage. In the West, a ??3-year-old is still considered a child. Even getting married in one's late teens is not usually encouraged because married life is likely to interfere with a young woman ' s education and consequently restrict opportunities in later life. And there are also physical dangers in giving birth so young. The World Health Organization has over the past ten years identified early childbirth as a major cause of female mortality in many countries. Under Islamic religious law, the age of consent for sex and marriage is puberty, which Muslims say is in harmony with the biological transition from childhood into adulthood. In Muslim countries such as Saudi Arabia, Iran and Pakistan, the age of puberty at around ??3 or ??4 is the legal age for marriage, but in Turkey it is ??5, and in Egypt and Tunisia, ??8 the same minimum age as in many Western countries. It is argued that by allowing earlier marriages, Islamic law is promoting stable relationships, while Western laws are encouraging promiscuity among young people. In many countries, the trends of urbanization and education for girls have seen a drop in the number of child brides. However, early marriages continue to occur in poor rural areas, where society works very much on personal arrangement between families, villages and communities. And it doesn't only happen in countries which don't have a legal minimum age. In India, for example, the legal age of marriage for a girl is ??8 and to a boy, ????. Yet, according to government statistics, ??8 percent of ten to fourteen-year old girls in the poor, rural state of Rajasthan in the northwest of the country are married. There are obvious social and economical advantages for doing this: by marrying off their daughters early, families no longer have to provide for them ; and the younger the bride the smaller the dowry(?Þ×?), or wedding price, demanded by the groom's family. It is clear, then, that child marriages are connected with poverty, lack of education and rural customs such as dowries; there don't tend µÚ ??5 Ò? ?? 5?? Ò? ÓðÌì È??úÓ?ÓïÁù?? ÔÄ?ÁÀí?â to be any child marriages in urban or rich areas. So, unless these real causes are addressed, it will be extremely hard to enforce change, even when change is dictated by a country's governing body. (45?? words) ??. What is the topic of this passage? A. Child brides. B. Early marriages. C. Minimum age for marriage. D. Different attitudes towards early marriages. ??. The word "promiscuity"(Line 9, Para. 3) means__. A. unstable partnership B. firm partnership C. diverse relationship D. single relationship 3. is likely to marry late. A. Women from less educated background B. Women from rural areas C. Women from Islamic countries D. Women from cities 4. Child marriages are NOT related to according to the passage. A. social position B. rural customs C. personal arrangements D. religion 5. According to the passage, getting married early does all of the following EXCEPT. A. reducing a young woman's education B. limiting a young woman's chances C. causing infant death D. doing harm to a young woman's health ??9. ??008 Äê ???? ÔÂÓ?ÓïÁù??ÔÄ?ÁÀí?âÁ?Ï?(5) As you all know, the United States is a country on wheels. Nearly eight million new cars are made each year; four households out of five own at least one car, and more than a quarter have two each. Yet you' ll be surprised to learn that some of the car-owners even suffer from malnutrition??ÓªÑø??Á???. In ??968, a nation-wide survey of malnutrition was made for the first time. It found that ??0 million people are suffering in health through inadequate feeding; the causes of their plight??À?????were varied. Unemployment over a long period should be considered as the main factor. And unemployment, strange to say, nine times out of ten results from automation, both in industrial and agricultural areas. For example, in the rural South when a cotton plantation suddenly cuts its force from ??00 people to three, the problem to help the displaced arises. So is the case with industrial automation. In fact, probably ?? million jobs are made unnecessary each year in the whole country as a result of the automation process, thus making unemployment a chief social concern. According to government statistics, the number µÚ ??6 Ò? ?? 5?? Ò? ÓðÌì È??úÓ?ÓïÁù?? ÔÄ?ÁÀí?â of people unemployed was over 5 percent for the period from ??958 to ??963. In July ??98??, it rose to 7.8 percent. As a matter of fact, it has long been known that even during the most prosperous periods there have been people without enough to eat. So I think that's why President Kennedy said in his inauguration speech in ??96??, if the government did not help the poor, it could not save the rich. In ??966, the Social Security Administration calculated that a family of four needed an income of $3,355 a year to be above the line of poverty. And in ??977, the average poverty line of the country was slightly more than $6,??00 annual income for a non-farm family of four. According to the Social Security Act, families of that size below poverty line are eligible to receive benefits from the special welfare program. The average weekly payment of benefits now is equivalent to 36 percent of the worker's normal wage. And the number of people who receive government benefits is increasing. In ??973, social insurance payments by governments, mainly to old age pensioners and people who had lost their jobs or were off work through illness, amounted to $86,000 million. Those not fully qualified for insurance payments received $??9,000 million in public aid. But problems still exist. Many people are not reached by the anti-poverty program, because local authorities and agencies do not want to play their part or do not gave the resources to do so. Some poor people will not accept help for various reasons. Of course, there are some more important factors which lie in the structure of the society, but I don't consider it necessary to dig into them here. Yet we will perhaps agree that social welfare programs have solved to some extent the problems of feeding, clothing and housing those below the poverty line. On the whole, it perhaps might be said that American people are living a better life than people in most other countries. ??. The United States is called a country on wheels because. A. about one-fourth Americans own two cars B. a bit over one out of four households are the owners of two cars C. nearly 8 million new cars drive in the country every year D. 80% Americans have at least one car ??. According to a ??968 survey, ten million Americans found themselves in a difficult health situation chiefly due to . A. inadequate feeding B. malnutrition C. unemployment D. automation 3. The author use "the displaced"(Line 9, Para. ??) to refer to those who are . A. unemployed B. disabled C. sick D. poor 4. The word " eligible " (Line 6, Para.3) is synonymous with "" A. necessary B. urgent C. needed D. worthy µÚ ??7 Ò? ?? 5?? Ò? ÓðÌì È??úÓ?ÓïÁù?? ÔÄ?ÁÀí?â 5. Americans are living a better life than those in most of other countries because, to some degree, . A. many Americans receive benefits from the special welfare program B. some poor people can receive help for some reason or other C. there is the anti-poverty program in the U.S. D. social welfare programs have some measure settled the problems of those below the poverty line. ????0????008 Äê ???? ÔÂÓ?ÓïÁù??ÔÄ?ÁÀí?âÁ?Ï?(6) In recent years, teachers of introductory courses in Asian American studies have been facing a dilemma nonexistent a few decades ago, when hardly any texts in that field were available. Today, excellent anthologies??ÎÄÑ???and other introductory texts exist, and books on individual Asian Americans are published almost weekly. Even professors who are experts in the field find it difficult to decide which of these to assign to students; non-experts who teach in related areas and are looking for writings for and by Asian American to include in survey courses are in an even worse position. A complicating factor has been the continuing lack of specialized one-volume reference works on Asian Americans, such as biographical dictionaries or desktop encyclopedias. Such works would enable students taking Asian American studies courses (and professors in related fields) to look up basic information on Asian American individuals, institutions, history, and culture without having to wade through???ÑÁ?µØÔÄ?ÁÈß???ò?èÉîµØ?ÄÁÏ??mountains of primary source material. In addition, given such works. Asian American studies professors might feel more free to include more challenging Asian American material in their introductory reading lists, since good reference works allow students to acquire on their own the background information necessary to interpret difficult or unfamiliar material. ??. The author is primarily concerned with . A. responding to a criticism B. describing a course of study C. discussing a problem D. evaluating a past course of action ??. The "dilemma"(Line ??, Para.??) can best be characterized as being caused by the necessity to make a choice when faced with a . A. lack of acceptable alternatives B. lack of strict standards for evaluating alternatives C. preponderance of bad alternatives as compared to good D. multitude of different alternatives 3. Biographical dictionaries and desktop encyclopedias are µÚ ??8 Ò? ?? 5?? Ò? ÓðÌì È??úÓ?ÓïÁù?? ÔÄ?ÁÀí?â A. primary source materials B. introductory texts C. excellent anthologies D. reference materials 4. Which of the following is implied about the introductory courses in Asian American studies a few decades ago? A. The range of different textbooks that could be assigned for such courses was extremely limited B. The texts assigned as readings in such courses were often not very challenging for students C. Students often complained about the texts assigned to them in such courses D. Such courses were offered only at schools whose libraries were rich in primary sources 5. According to the passage, the existence of good one-volume reference works about Asian Americans could result in . A. increased agreement among professors of Asian American studies regarding the quality of the sources available in their field B. an increase in the number of students sighing up for introductory courses in Asian American studies C. increased accuracy in writings that concern Asian American history and culture D. the inclusion of a wider range of Asian American material in introductory reading lists in Asian American studies ??????????008 Äê ???? ÔÂÓ?ÓïÁù??ÔÄ?ÁÀí?âÁ?Ï?(6) A scientific panel convened by the World Health Organization recommended guidelines on Friday for doctors conducting clinical studies of SARS patients. The panel urged doctors to apply the guidelines in analyzing the masses of potentially useful information about various therapies that were collected in this year's epidemic. Much of that information has not been published or analyzed. "It is a matter of urgency to get better analysis and review," said Dr. Simon Mardel, a WHO official who led the two-day meeting that ended on Friday. He said thousands of potential therapies and compounds had been tested so far as researchers try to determine treatments for SARS, or severe acute respiratory syndrome. "We recognize that having no treatment for SARS is hindering our ability to control an epidemic in so many ways." He said. In the epidemic earlier this year, various treatments, like drugs to fight the virus or strengthen the immune system, as well as traditional Chinese medicine, were delivered under emergency conditions, in widely different settings and countries to patients suffering from varying stages of the illness. Those conditions - generally without standardized measurements or controlled situations-have made it hard to interpret results. Standard supportive therapy like nursing, and in severe cases the µÚ ??9 Ò? ?? 5?? Ò? ÓðÌì È??úÓ?ÓïÁù?? ÔÄ?ÁÀí?â use of mechanical respirators??ºôÎüÆ???to help patients breathe, is the mainstay??Ö?ÒªÖ??Ö??of SARS care, and helped many patients survive. But doctors still do not know how best to treat SARS patients who have breathing difficulties. Dr. Mardel said. One method is invasive ventilation. A second method involves blowing oxygen into the lungs through a mask. Both carry the risk of transmitting the virus to hospital employees. Without proper analysis, the panel was unable to say definitively which treatment worked best, or which caused the most harm. "There is a lack of shared information," Dr. Mardel said, noting that a lot of data have not been published. The panel also agreed on guidelines that would allow doctors to conduct quick and safe clinical trials, a process that generally takes years to complete. The world Health Organization, a United Nations agency did not release the guidelines. Dr. Mardel said they were flexible because no one knew where, when and in what setting SARS would return. Experts in many countries have already listed the treatments they want to test, and the health agency is leaving these decisions to individual nations. ??. Guidelines recommended by the scientific panel can be used for . A. gathering potentially useful information about various therapies collected B. conducting clinical studies of SARS patients C. determining treatment for SARS D. publishing all the information about SARS ??. According to the passage, it is difficult to interpret the results of certain treatments for SARS because . A. patients were in different countries B. patients were given medicines in widely different settings C. patients were at different stages of the illness D. these conditions had no standardized measurements or controlled situations 3. According to doctors, the two methods to treat SARS patients who have breathing difficulties both . A. carry the risk of infecting hospital employees B. are effective in curing patients who have breathing difficulties C. don't run the risk of transmitting the virus to hospital employees D. prove to work effectively and cause no harm 4. According to a WHO official, Dr. Mardel, the guidelines were flexible because . A. SARS would reemerge in poor countries B. no one knew where, when and in what setting SARS would return C. SARS would not appear in developed countries D. no one knew whether SARS would return or not µÚ 30 Ò? ?? 5?? Ò? ÓðÌì È??úÓ?ÓïÁù?? ÔÄ?ÁÀí?â 5. Which of the following can be the best title of the passage? A. SARS, a Dreadful Disease B. No Good Methods to Treat SARS C. SARS Will Return One Day D. Health Panel Recommends New Guidelines on SARS ??????????008 Äê ???? ÔÂÓ?ÓïÁù??ÔÄ?ÁÀí?âÁ?Ï?(7) We all know that the normal human daily cycle of activity is of some 7-8 hours ' sleep alternation with some ??6-??7 hours ' wakefulness and that, broadly speaking, the sleep normally coincides with the hours of darkness. Our present concern is with how easily and to what extent this cycle can be modified. The question is no mere academic one. The ease, for example, with which people can change from working in the day to working at night is a question of growing importance in industry where automation calls for round-the-clock working of machines. It normally takes from five days to one week for a person to adapt to a reversed routine of sleep and wakefulness, sleeping during the day and working at night. Unfortunately, it is often the case in industry that shifts are changed every week; a person may work from ????:00 midnight to 8:00 a.m. one week, 8:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. the next, and 4:00p.m. to ????:00 midnight the third and so on. This means that no sooner has he got used to one routine than he has to change to another, so that much of his time is spent neither working nor sleeping very efficiently. The only real solution appears to be to hand over the night shift to a number of permanent night workers. An interesting study of the domestic life and health of night-shift workers was carried out by Brown in ??957. She found a high incidence of disturbed sleep and other disorders among those on alternating day and night shifts, but no abnormal occurrence of these phenomena among those on permanent night work. This latter system then appears to be the best long-term policy, but meanwhile something may be done to relieve the strains of alternate day and night work by selecting those people who can adapt most quickly to the changes of routine. One way of knowing when a person has adapted is by measuring his body temperature. People engaged in normal daytime work will have a high temperature during the hours of wakefulness and a low one at night; when they change to night work, the pattern will only gradually go back to match the new routine and the speed with which it does so parallels, broadly speaking, the adaptation of the body as a whole, particularly in terms of performance. Therefore, by taking body temperature at intervals of two hours throughout the period of wakefulness it can be seen how quickly a person can adapt to a reversed routine, and this could be µÚ 3?? Ò? ?? 5?? Ò? ÓðÌì È??úÓ?ÓïÁù?? ÔÄ?ÁÀí?â used as a basis for selection. So far, however, such a form of selection does not seem to have been applied in practice. ??. The main problem of the round-the-clock working system lies in . A. the disturbance of the daily cycle of workers who have to change shifts too frequently B. the inconveniences brought about to the workers by the introduction of automation C. the fact that people working at night are often less effective D. the fact that it is difficult to find a number of good night workers ??. The best solution to implementing the ??4-hour working system seems . A. to employ people who work on night shifts only B. to create better living conditions for night workers C. to change shifts at longer intervals D. to have longer shifts 3. Which of the following statements is NOT true? A. Body temperature may serve as an indication of a worker's performance. B. The employment of permanent night shift workers seems to be the best solution to problems of the round-the-clock working system. C. Taking body temperature at regular intervals can show how a person adapts to the changes of routine. D. Disturbed sleep occurs more frequently among shift workers. 4. It is possible to find out if a person has adapted to the changes of routine by measuring his body temperature because . A. body temperature changes when the cycle of sleep and wakefulness alternates B. body temperature changes when he changes to night shift or back C. the temperature reverses when the routine is changed. D. people have higher temperature when they are working efficiently. 5. The phrase " coincide with " (Line 3, Para.??) could best be replaced by . A. take placeB. agree with C. accord to D. take up ????3????008 Äê ???? ÔÂÓ?ÓïÁù??ÔÄ?ÁÀí?âÁ?Ï?(8) Recent research has claimed that an excess of positive ions in the air can have an ill effect on people's physical or psychological health. What are positive ions??Well??the air is full of ions??electrically charged particles??and generally there is a rough balance between the positive and the negative charged. But sometimes this balance becomes disturbed and a larger proportion of positive ions are found. This happens naturally before thunderstorm ?? earthquakes when winds µÚ 3?? Ò? ?? 5?? Ò? ÓðÌì È??úÓ?ÓïÁù?? ÔÄ?ÁÀí?â such as the Mistral??Hamsin or Sharav are blowing in certain countries. Or it can be caused by a build-up of static electricity indoors from carpets or clothing made of man-made fibres ?? or from TV sets ?? duplicators or computer display screens. When a large number of positive ions are present in the air many people experience unpleasant effects such as headaches??fatigue?? irritability??and some particularly sensitive people suffer nausea or even mental disturbance. Animals are also affected ?? particularly before earthquakes ?? snakes have been observed to come out of hibernation??rats to flee from their burrows??dogs howl and cats jump about unaccountably. This has led the US Geographical Survey to fund a network of volunteers to watch animals in an effort to foresee such disasters before they hit vulnerable areas such as California. Conversely??when large numbers of negative ions are present??then people have a feeling of well-being. Natural conditions that produce these large amounts are near the sea ?? close to waterfalls or fountains??or in any place where water is sprayed??or forms a spray. This probably accounts for the beneficial effect of a holiday by the sea ?? or in the mountains with tumbling streams or waterfalls.examda.com To increase the supply of negative ions indoors??some scientists recommend the use of ionisers ?º small portable machines ?? which generate negative ions. They claim that ionisers not only clean and refresh the air but also improve the health of people sensitive to excess positive ions. Of course ?? there are the detractors ?? other scientists ?? who dismiss such claims and are skeptical about negative/positive ion research. Therefore people can only make up their own minds by observing the effects on themselves ?? or on others??of a negative rich or poor environment. After all it is debatable whether depending on seismic readings to anticipate earthquakes is more effective than watching the cat. ??.What effect does exceeding positive ionization have on some people?? A.They think they are insane. B.They feel rather bad-tempered and short-fussed. C.They become violently sick. D.They are too tired to do anything. ??.In accordance with the passage??static electricity can be caused by. A.using home-made electrical goods. B.wearing clothes made of natural materials. C.walking on artificial floor coverings. D.copying TV programs on a computer. 3.A high negative ion count is likely to be found. µÚ 33 Ò? ?? 5?? Ò? ÓðÌì È??úÓ?ÓïÁù?? ÔÄ?ÁÀí?â A.near a pound with a water pump. B.close to a slow-flowing river. C.high in some barren mountains. D.by a rotating water sprinkler. 4.What kind of machine can generate negative ions indoors?? A.Ionisers.examda.com B.Air-conditioners. C.Exhaust-fans D.Vacuum pumps. 5.Some scientists believe that. A.watching animals to anticipate earthquakes is more effective than depending on seismography. B.the unusual behavior of animals cannot be trusted. C.neither watching nor using seismographs is reliable. D.earthquake ????4????008 Äê ???? ÔÂÓ?ÓïÁù??ÔÄ?ÁÀí?âÁ?Ï?(9) One of my favorite posters?? says, " Life is a test. It is only a test. Had this been a real life you would have been instructed where to go and what to do." Whenever I think of this humorous bit of wisdom??, it reminds me to not take my life so seriously. When you look at life and its many challenges as a test, or series of tests, you begin to see each issue you face as an opportunity to grow, a chance to discover more about life. Whether you're being bombarded ?? ?? ?? ?? ÖÊ ÎÊ ?? with problems,responsibilities,even insurmountable????ÄÜ?Ë?þµØ????ÄÜ??Ô?µØ?? difficulties, when looked at as a test, you always have a chance to succeed, in the sense of rising above that which is challenging you. If, on the other hand, you see each new issue you face as a serious battle that must be won in order to survive, you're probably in for a very rocky6 journey. The only time you're likely to be happy is when everything is working out just right. And we all know how often that happens. As an experiment, see if you can apply this idea to something you are forced to deal with. Perhaps you have much pressure from your parents or you have a demanding7 boss. See if you can redefine the issue you face from being a " problem" to being a test. Rather than8 struggling with your issue, see if there is something you can learn from it. Ask yourself, " Why is this an issue in my life? What would it mean and what would be involved to rise above it? Could I possibly look at this issue any differently? Can I see it as a test of some kind?" If you give this strategy a try you may be surprised at your changed responses. It has become far more acceptable to me to accept things as they are. ??.According to the passage,what is the author's attitude towards life? A.He takes his life seriously. B.He considers life as test. µÚ 34 Ò? ?? 5?? Ò? ÓðÌì È??úÓ?ÓïÁù?? ÔÄ?ÁÀí?â C.He knows where to go and what to do. D.He thinks life is full of humorous wisdom. ??.When you begin to consider life as a test,you will find . A.you are bombarded with problems and responsibilities B.the result of the test is so good that you are delighted C.you have many opportunities to grow D.you have to go to school to take tests everyday 3.Which of the following statement is TRUE according to the author? A.When you look at life as a test,you have a chance to overcome problems you face. B.When you take life seriously,you are more likely to succeed and become happy. C.When you see each problem as a serious battle,you have more chance to survive. D.When everything is working out just right,you can know how often it happens. 4.It is implied from the passage that you'd better look at life as a test when. A.you try to get the meaning of the poster B.your parents give you much pressure C.you are carrying out an experiment D.you are in a rocky journey 5.Which of the following can be the best title of the passage? A.My Favorite Poster B.Take Life Seriously C.Face Challenge of Life D.Life Is Only A Test ????5????008 Äê ???? ÔÂÓ?ÓïÁù??ÔÄ?ÁÀí?âÁ?Ï?(??0) Scholars and students have always been great travelers. The official case for "academic mobility" is now often stated in impressive terms as a fundamental necessity for economic and social progress in the world, and debated in the corridors of Europe, but it is certainly nothing new. Serious students were always ready to go abroad in search of the most stimulating teachers and the most famous academies; in search of the purest philosophy, the most effective medicine, the likeliest road to gold.ª? Mobility of this kind meant also mobility of ideas, their transference across frontiers, their simultaneous impact upon many groups of people. The point of learning is to share it, whether with students or with colleagues; one presumes that only eccentrics have no interest in being credited with a starling discovery, or a new technique. It must also have been reassuring to know that other people in other parts of the world were about to make the same discovery or were thinking along the same lines, and that one was not quite alone, confronted by inquisition, ridicule or neglect.ª? µÚ 35 Ò? ?? 5?? Ò? ÓðÌì È??úÓ?ÓïÁù?? ÔÄ?ÁÀí?â In the twentieth century, and particularly in the last ??0 years, the old footp aths of the wandering scholars have become vast highways. The vehicle which has made this possible has of course been the aeroplane, making contact between scholars even in the most distant places immediately feasible, and providing for the very rapid transmission of knowledge.ª? Apart from the vehicle itself, it is fairly easy to identify the main factors which have brought about the recent explosion in academic movement. Some of these are purely quantitative and require no further mention: there are far more centres of learning, and a far greater number of scholars and students.examda.com ª? In addition one must recognize the very considerable multiplication of disciplines, particularly in the sciences, which by widening the total area of advanced studies has produced an enormous number of specialists whose particular interests are precisely defined. These people would work in some isolation if they were not able to keep in touch with similar isolated groups in other countries.ª? ??.It can be concluded from the passage that"academic mobility". A.means the friendship formed by scholars on the trip B.is a program initiated by governments C.has been put great emphasis on in the world D.means going abroad in search of the best teacher ??.The word "eccentric" in the second paragraph most probably means. A.a rather strange person B.a person of no exceptional ability C.an ambitious person D.peculiar or unusual examda.com 3.In the eyes of the author,what happens to a scholar who shares his ideas with his colleagues? A.He risks his ideas being stolen. B.He gains recognition for his achievement C.He is considered as an eccentric. D.He is credited with a startling discovery. 4.According to the passage,the recent growth in air travel has meant that. A.travel around the world becomes realistic and affordable B.more students from remote areas can attend universities C.all kinds of information can be shared by more people D.scholars can meet each other more easily 5.The author thinks that it's important for scholars to be able to travel because. A.their laboratories ate in remote places µÚ 36 Ò? ?? 5?? Ò? ÓðÌì È??úÓ?ÓïÁù?? ÔÄ?ÁÀí?â B.there is too much stress at universities C.their fellow experts are scattered around the world D.there are so many people working in similar fields ????6????008 Äê ???? ÔÂÓ?ÓïÁù??ÔÄ?ÁÀí?âÁ?Ï?(????) Look at the keyboard of any standard typewriter or computer. "Q," "W," "E," "R," "T" and "Y" are the first six letters. Who decided on this arrangement of the letters? And why? People tried for centuries to invent the typewriter. In ??7??4 in England, Henry Mill filed a patent for a machine called An Artificial Machine or Method for the Impressing or Transcribing of Letters, Singly or Progressively one after another, as in Writing, whereby all Writing whatsoever may be Engrossed in Paper or Parchment so Neat and Exact as not to be distinguished from Print. That machine probably didn' t sell because no one could remember its name! The first practical typewriter was patented in the United States in ??868 by Christopher Latham Sholes. His machine was known as the type-writer. It had a movable carriage, a lever for turning paper from line to line, and a keyboard on which the letters were arranged in alphabetical order. But Sholes had a problem. On his first model, his "ABC" key arrangement caused the keys to jam when the typist worked quickly. Sholes didn' t know how to keep the keys from sticking, so his solution was to keep the typist from typing too fast.Sholes asked his brother-in-law to rearrange the keyboard so that the commonest letters were not so close together and the type bars would come from opposite directions. Thus they would not clash together and jam the machine.The new arrangement was the QWERTY arrangement typists use today. Of course, Sholes claimed that the new arrangement was scientific and would add speed and efficiency. The only efficiency it added was to slow the typist down, since almost any word in the English language required the typist' s fingers to cover more distance on the keyboard. The advantages of the typewriter outweighed the disadvantages of the keyboard. Typists memorized the crazy letter arrangement, and the typewriter became a huge success. By the time typists had memorized the new arrangement of letters and built their speed, typewriter technology had improved, and the keys didn' t stick as badly as they had at first. Questions ?? to 5 are based on the passage above. ??.We know from the passage that the inventor of the first practical typewriter is. A.Henry Mill B.Christopher Latham Sholes C.Sholes'brother-in-law D.Allbert Einstein ??.The author thinks the machine invented by Henry Mill could not µÚ 37 Ò? ?? 5?? Ò? ÓðÌì È??úÓ?ÓïÁù?? ÔÄ?ÁÀí?â be sold because. A.it was difficult for people to accept new things B.there weregreat disadvantages of the keyboard C.the machine could not be distinguished from print D.the name of the machine was too long 3.Sholes decided the QWERTY arrangement of the keyboard in order to. A.arrange the letters in alphabetical order B.cause the keys to jam when the typist worked quickly C.solve the problem of the keys jamming D.compete with "ABC" key arrangement 4.It is inferred that the QWERTY arrangement of the keyboard. A.is the most scientific arrangement B.adds speed and efficiency of typists C.keeps the typist from typing too fast D.is easy for typists to memorize 5.Which of the following can be the best title of the passage? A.The Arrangement of The Letters on Keyboard B.The Story of Christopher Latham Sholes C.How to Invent The Typewriter D.The First Practical Typewriter ????7????008 Äê ???? ÔÂÓ?ÓïÁù??ÔÄ?ÁÀí?âÁ?Ï?(????) Look at the keyboard of any standard typewriter or computer. "Q," "W," "E," "R," "T" and "Y" are the first six letters. Who decided on this arrangement of the letters? And why? People tried for centuries to invent the typewriter. In ??7??4 in England, Henry Mill filed a patent for a machine called An Artificial Machine or Method for the Impressing or Transcribing of Letters, Singly or Progressively one after another, as in Writing, whereby all Writing whatsoever may be Engrossed in Paper or Parchment so Neat and Exact as not to be distinguished from Print. That machine probably didn' t sell because no one could remember its name! The first practical typewriter was patented in the United States in ??868 by Christopher Latham Sholes. His machine was known as the type-writer. It had a movable carriage, a lever for turning paper from line to line, and a keyboard on which the letters were arranged in alphabetical order. But Sholes had a problem. On his first model, his "ABC" key arrangement caused the keys to jam when the typist worked quickly. Sholes didn' t know how to keep the keys from sticking, so his solution was to keep the typist from typing too fast.Sholes asked his brother-in-law to rearrange the keyboard so that the commonest letters were not so close together and the type bars would come from µÚ 38 Ò? ?? 5?? Ò? ÓðÌì È??úÓ?ÓïÁù?? ÔÄ?ÁÀí?â opposite directions. Thus they would not clash together and jam the machine.The new arrangement was the QWERTY arrangement typists use today. Of course, Sholes claimed that the new arrangement was scientific and would add speed and efficiency. The only efficiency it added was to slow the typist down, since almost any word in the English language required the typist' s fingers to cover more distance on the keyboard. The advantages of the typewriter outweighed the disadvantages of the keyboard. Typists memorized the crazy letter arrangement, and the typewriter became a huge success. By the time typists had memorized the new arrangement of letters and built their speed, typewriter technology had improved, and the keys didn' t stick as badly as they had at first. ??.We know from the passage that the inventor of the first practical typewriter is. A.Henry Mill B.Christopher Latham Sholes C.Sholes'brother-in-law D.Allbert Einstein ??.The author thinks the machine invented by Henry Mill could not be sold because. A.it was difficult for people to accept new things B.there were great disadvantages of the keyboard C.the machine could not be distinguished from print D.the name of the machine was too long 3.Sholes decided the QWERTY arrangement of the keyboard in order to. A.arrange the letters in alphabetical order B.cause the keys to jam when the typist worked quickly C.solve the problem of the keys jamming D.compete with "ABC" key arrangement 4.It is inferred that the QWERTY arrangement of the keyboard. A.is the most scientific arrangement B.adds speed and efficiency of typists C.keeps the typist from typing too fast D.is easy for typists to memorize 5.Which of the following can be the best title of the passage? A.The Arrangement of The Letters on Keyboard B.The Story of Christopher Latham Sholes C.How to Invent The Typewriter D.The First Practical Typewriter ????8????009 Äê 6 ÔÂÓ?ÓïÁù???ìËÙÔÄ?ÁѵÁ??????? As you all know, the United States is a country on wheels. Nearly eight million new cars are made each year; four households out of five own at least one ear, and more than a quarter have two each. Yet you' µÚ 39 Ò? ?? 5?? Ò? ÓðÌì È??úÓ?ÓïÁù?? ÔÄ?ÁÀí?â ll be surprised to learn that some of the car-owners even suffer from malnutrition??ÓªÑø??Á???. In ??968, a nation-wide survey of malnutrition was made for the first time. It found that ??0 million people are suffering in health through inadequate feeding; the causes of their plight??À?????were varied. Unemployment over a long period should be considered as the main factor. And unemployment, strange to say, nine times out of ten results from automation, both in industrial and agricultural areas. For example, in the rural South when a cotton plantation suddenly cuts its force from ??00 people to three, the problem to help the displaced arises. So is the case with industrial automation. In fact, probably ?? million jobs are made unnecessary each year in the whole country as a result of the automation process, thus making unemployment a chief social concern. According to government statistics, the number of people unemployed was over 5 percent for the period from ??958 to ??963. In July ??98??, it rose to 7.8 percent. As a matter of fact, it has long been known that even during the most prosperous periods there have been people without enough to eat. So I think that's why President Kennedy said in his inauguration speech in ??96??, if the government did not help the poor, it could not save the rich. In ??966, the Social Security Administration calculated that a family of four needed an income of $3,355 a year to be above the line of poverty. And in ??977, the average poverty line of the country was slightly more than $6,??00 annual income for a non-farm family of four. According to the Social Security Act, families of that size below poverty line are eligible to receive benefits from the special welfare program. The average weekly payment of benefits now is equivalent to 36 percent of the worker's normal wage. And the number of people who receive government benefits is increasing. In ??973, social insurance payments by governments, mainly to old age pensioners and people who had lost their jobs or were off work through illness, amounted to $86,000 million. Those not fully qualified for insurance payments received $??9,000 million in public aid. But problems still exist. Many people are not reached by the anti-poverty program, because local authorities and agencies do not want to play their part or do not gave the resources to do so. Some poor people will not accept help for various reasons. Of course, there are some more important factors which lie in the structure of the society, but I don't consider it necessary to dig into them here. Yet we will perhaps agree that social welfare programs have solved to some extent the problems of feeding, clothing and housing those below the poverty line. On the whole, it perhaps might be said that American people are living a better life than people in most other countries. ??. The United States is called a country on wheels because. µÚ 40 Ò? ?? 5?? Ò? ÓðÌì È??úÓ?ÓïÁù?? ÔÄ?ÁÀí?â A. about one-fourth Americans own two cars B. a bit over one out of four households are the owners of two cars C. nearly 8 million new cars drive in the country every year D. 80% Americans have at least one car ??. According to a ??968 survey, ten million Americans found themselves in a difficult health situation chiefly due to . A. inadequate feeding B. malnutrition C. unemployment D. automation 3. The author use "the displaced"(Line 9, Para. ??) to refer to those who are . A. unemployed B. disabled C. sick D. poor 4. The word " eligible " (Line 6, Para.3) is synonymous with "" A. necessary B. urgent C. needed D. worthy 5. Americans are living a better life than those in most of other countries because, to some degree, . A. many Americans receive benefits from the special welfare program B. some poor people can receive help for some reason or other C. there is the anti-poverty program in the U.S. D. social welfare programs have some measure settled the problems of those below the poverty line. ????9????009 Äê 6 ÔÂÓ?ÓïÁù??ÔÄ?ÁѵÁ??????? Feminist sociolinguists(Éç?áÓïÑÔÑ??Ò),over the course of the last few decades,have conducted studies that they believe support the conclusion that women are routinely discriminated against in Endlish-speaking society.They point to the words used to describe women,as well as the words used to describe society as a whole,as indications that the English language ,and therefore the English-speaking culture,is slanted towards the advantage of males. The words used to describe women are used as instrument by feminist sociolinguists to denote an inherent sexism in the English language.Word pairs such as master and mistress and sir and madam,they claim ,epitomize such sexism.All of the words in question once held positive connotations but,while the masculine (ÄÐÐÔµØ)forms have retained their respectable associations,the feminine forms have undergone pejoration and now imply sexual promiscuity(?ìÔÓ) and other negative characteristics.Feminist researchers assume that such pejoration indicate that the status of women in English-speaking society is relatively low. These researchers also find fault with the use of masculine words to describe unisex entities .For example ,they feel that there is nothing inherently mainly about mankind, the best man for the job,or the common man.Similarly,the use of such constructions as the " the µÚ 4?? Ò? ?? 5?? Ò? ÓðÌì È??úÓ?ÓïÁù?? ÔÄ?ÁÀí?â average students is worried about his grades " indicate to these researchers an inherent sexism in English that is reflective of the cultures in which they are produced . Carolyn Jacobson ,author of Non-sexist Language has proposed a solution to this conundrum(ÄÑÌâ).She advocates the elimination of all sexed words in favor of gender-neutral terms.No longer should we refer to actors and actresses or waiters and waitresses, as such dichotomies( ÄÐ Å? ÓÐ ?ð ) allow for the possibility of negative connotations being associated with the feminine designation.Likewise,she believes that phrases such as mankind should give way to human kind and that the use of the masculine pronoun as the default should be abandoned in favor of neutral constructions.Thus, when sexism is eliminated from the English language ,the culture will be more amenable to he deliverance of women as well . ??. The primary purpose of this passage is to A compare and contrast ideology in various cultures B prove a commonly held belief to be wrong C describe a problem and a possible solution D analyze the historical origins of a modern situation ?? According to the passage,gender-neutral constructions should be advocated because A the elimination of sexism in the English language will precede the elimination of sexism in the culture B they are more grammatically sound than sexed structures C unisex terms are less awkward in casual speech D sex-specific terms always carry negative connotations 3 The author refers to mankind ,the best man for the job,and the common man in order to A demonstrate the superiority of males in English-speaking society B provide an example of speech that is slanted towards the advantage of males C list the characteristics of the feminist socialinguist movement D discount the notion that the English language discriminates against women 4 The word"perjoration most probably means A negative connotation B positive connotation C sexual characteristic D respectable characteristic 5 In favor of gender-neutral terms,which of the following words can be used to describe unisex entities? A mankind B chairperson C superman D dragon lady ??30????009 Äê 6 ÔÂÓ?ÓïÁù??ÔÄ?ÁѵÁ???3?? Feminist sociolinguists(Éç?áÓïÑÔÑ??Ò),over the course of the last few decades,have conducted studies that they believe support the µÚ 4?? Ò? ?? 5?? Ò? ÓðÌì È??úÓ?ÓïÁù?? ÔÄ?ÁÀí?â conclusion that women are routinely discriminated against in Endlish-speaking society.They point to the words used to describe women,as well as the words used to describe society as a whole,as indications that the English language ,and therefore the English-speaking culture,is slanted towards the advantage of males. The words used to describe women are used as instrument by feminist sociolinguists to denote an inherent sexism in the English language.Word pairs such as master and mistress and sir and madam,they claim ,epitomize such sexism.All of the words in question once held positive connotations but,while the masculine (ÄÐÐÔµØ)forms have retained their respectable associations,the feminine forms have undergone pejoration and now imply sexual promiscuity(?ìÔÓ) and other negative characteristics.Feminist researchers assume that such pejoration indicate that the status of women in English-speaking society is relatively low. These researchers also find fault with the use of masculine words to describe unisex entities .For example ,they feel that there is nothing inherently mainly about mankind, the best man for the job,or the common man.Similarly,the use of such constructions as the " the average students is worried about his grades " indicate to these researchers an inherent sexism in English that is reflective of the cultures in which they are produced . Carolyn Jacobson ,author of Non-sexist Language has proposed a solution to this conundrum(ÄÑÌâ).She advocates the elimination of all sexed words in favor of gender-neutral terms.No longer should we refer to actors and actresses or waiters and waitresses, as such dichotomies( ÄÐ Å? ÓÐ ?ð ) allow for the possibility of negative connotations being associated with the feminine designation.Likewise,she believes that phrases such as mankind should give way to human kind and that the use of the masculine pronoun as the default should be abandoned in favor of neutral constructions.Thus, when sexism is eliminated from the English language ,the culture will be more amenable to he deliverance of women as well . ??. The primary purpose of this passage is to ??A??compare and contrast ideology in various cultures ??B??prove a commonly held belief to be wrong ??C?? describe a problem and a possible solution ??D?? analyze the historical origins of a modern situation ?? According to the passage,gender-neutral constructions should be advocated because ??A?? the elimination of sexism in the English language will precede the elimination of sexism in the culture ??B??they are more grammatically sound than sexed structures µÚ 43 Ò? ?? 5?? Ò? ÓðÌì È??úÓ?ÓïÁù?? ÔÄ?ÁÀí?â ??C?? unisex terms are less awkward in casual speech ??D?? sex-specific terms always carry negative connotations 3 The author refers to mankind ,the best man for the job,and the common man in order to ?? A ?? demonstrate the superiority of males in English-speaking society ??B?? provide an example of speech that is slanted towards the advantage of males ??C?? list the characteristics of the feminist socialinguist movement ??D?? discount the notion that the English language discriminates against women 4 The word"perjoration most probably means ??A??negative connotation ??B?? positive connotation ?? C ?? sexual characteristic ?? D ?? respectable characteristic 5 In favor of gender-neutral terms,which of the following words can be used to describe unisex entities? ??A?? mankind ??B ??chairperson ??C??superman ??D??dragon lady ??3??????009 Äê 6 ÔÂÓ?ÓïÁù??ÔÄ?ÁѵÁ???4?? There was on shop in the town of Mufulira?? which was notorious for its color bar. It was a drugstore. While Europeans were served at the counter?? a long line of Africans queued at the window and often not only were kept waiting but?? when their turn came to be served?? were rudely treated by the shop assistants. One day I was determined to make a public protest against this kind of thing?? and many of the schoolboys in my class followed me to the store and waited outside to see what would happen when I went in. I simply went into the shop and asked the manager politely for some medicine. As soon as he saw me standing in the place where only European customers were allowed to stand he shouted at me in a bastard language that is only used by an employed when speaking to his servants. I stood at the counter and politely requested in English that I should be served. The manager became exasperated and said to me in English?? "If you stand there till Christmas I will never serve you." I went to the District commissioner's office. Fortunately the District Commissioner was out?? for he was one of the old school?? however?? I saw a young District Officer who was a friend of mine. He was very concerned to hear my story and told me that if ever I wanted anything more from the drugstore all I had to do was come to him personally and he would buy my medicine for me. I protested that that was not good enough. I asked him to accompany me back to the store and to make a protest to the manager. This he did?? and I well remember him µÚ 44 Ò? ?? 5?? Ò? ÓðÌì È??úÓ?ÓïÁù?? ÔÄ?ÁÀí?â saying to the manager?? "Here is Mr. Kaunda who is a responsible member of the Urban Advisory Council?? and you treat him like a common servant." The manager of the drugstore apologized and said?? "If only he had introduced himself and explained who he was?? then?? of course I should have given him proper service." I had to explain once again that he had missed my point. Why should I have to introduce myself every time I went into a store...any more than I should have to buy my medicine by going to a European friend?? I want to prove that any man of any color?? whatever his position?? should have the right to go into any shop and buy what he wanted. ??."Color bar" in the first paragraph comes closest in meaning to . A. a bar which is painted in different colors. B.the fact that white and black customers are served separately. C.a bar of chocolate having different colors. D.a counter where people of different colors are served with beer. ??.The writer was?? at the time of the story?? . A.a black school teacher B.an African servant C.a black?? but a friend of Europeans D.a rich black 3.The manager of the drugstore shouted at the writer in a bastard language because . A.he hadn't learned to speak polite English. B.he thought the writer wouldn't understand English. C.that was the usual language used by Europeans when speaking to Africans. D.that was the only language he could speak when he was angry. 4.In the third paragraph??"he was one of the old school" means . A.he believed in the age-old practice of racial discrimination. B.he was a very old man. C.he graduated from an old??conservative school. D.he was in charge of an old school. 5.Why didn't the writer wait at the window of the drugstore like other black African?? A.Because he thought he was educated and should be treated differently. B.Because he thought??being an important person??he should not be kept waiting. C.Because he thought his white friends would help him out. D.Because he wanted to protest against racial discrimination. ??3??????009 Äê ???? ÔÂÓ?ÓïÁù??ÔÄ?Á×?ÏîѵÁ??????? µÚ 45 Ò? ?? 5?? Ò? ÓðÌì È??úÓ?ÓïÁù?? ÔÄ?ÁÀí?â With its common interest in lawbreaking but its immense range of subject matter and widely varying methods of treatment, the crime novel could make a legitimate claim to be regarded as a separate branch of literature, or, at least, as a distinct, even though a slightly disreputable, shoot of the traditional novel. The detective story is probably the most respectable (at any rate in the narrow sense of the word) of the crime species. Its creation is often the relaxation of university dons, literary economists, scientists or even poets. Fatalities may occur more frequently and mysteriously than might be expected in polite society, but the world in which they happen, the village, seaside resort, college or studio, is familiar to us, if not from our own experience, at least in the newspaper or the lives of friends. The characters, though normally realized superficially, are as recognizably human and consistent as our less intimate associates. A story set in a more remote environment, African jungle, or Australian bush, ancient China or gaslit London, appeals to our interest in geography or history, and most detective story writers are conscientious in providing a reasonably authentic background. The elaborate, carefully-assembled plot, despised by the modem intellectual critics and creators of significant novels, has found refuge in the murder mystery, with its sprinkling of clues, its spicing with apparent impossibilities, all with appropriate solutions and explanations at the end. With the guilt of escapism from Real Life, nagging gently, we secretly revel in the unmasking of evil by a vaguely super-human sleuth (ÕìÌ?), who sees through and dispels the cloud of suspicion which has hovered so unjustly over the innocent. Though its villain also receives his rightful deserts, the thriller presents a less comfortable and credible world. The sequence of fist fights, revolver duels, car crashes and escapes from gas-filled cellars exhausts the reader far more than the hero, who suffers from at least two broken ribs, one black eye, uncountable bruises and a hangover, can still chase and overpower an armed villain With the physique of wrestler. He moves dangerously through a world of ruthless gangs, brutality, a vicious lust for power and money and, in contrast to the detective tale, with a near-omniscient arch-criminal whose defeat seems almost accidental. Perhaps we miss in the thriller the security of being safely led by our calm investigator past a score of red herrings and blind avenues to a final gathering of suspects when an unchallengeable elucidation (?âÊÍ) of all that has bewildered us is given and justice and goodness prevail. All that we vainly hope for from life is granted vicariously???ä?ÓµØ??. 57. The crime novel may be regarded as ??A?? not a tree novel at all ??B?? an independent development of the novel µÚ 46 Ò? ?? 5?? Ò? ÓðÌì È??úÓ?ÓïÁù?? ÔÄ?ÁÀí?â ??C?? related in some ways to the historical novel ??D?? a quite respectable form of the conventional novel 58. The passage suggests that intellectuals write detective stories because ?? A?? they enjoy writing these stories ?? B ?? the stories are often in fact very instructive ?? C ?? detective stories are an accepted branch of literature ?? D ?? the creation of these stories demands considerable intelligence 59. What feature of the detective story is said to disqualify it from respectful consideration by intellectual critics? ?? A ?? The fact that the guilty are always found out and the innocent cleared. ?? B ?? The lack of interest in genuine character revelations. ?? C ?? The existence of a neat closely-knit story. ?? D ?? The many seemingly impossible events. 60. One of the most incredible characteristics of the hero of a thriller is ??A??his exciting life ??B?? his amazing toughness ??C?? the way he deals with enemies ??D?? his ability to escape from dangerous situations 6??. In what way are the detective story and the thriller unlike? ??A?? In introducing violence. ??B??In providing excitement and suspense?? ??C??In ensuring that everything comes right in the end?? ??D??In appealing to the intellectual curiosity of the reader ??????????009 Äê ???? ÔÂÓ?ÓïÁù??ÔÄ?Á×?ÏîѵÁ??????? Every once in a while the reasons for discouragement about the human prospect pile up so high that it becomes difficult to see the way ahead.and it is then a??great blessing to have one conspicuous and undeniable good thing to think about ourselves ?? something solid enough to step onto and look beyond the pile?? language is often useful for this??and music??A particular painting?? if you have the right receptors??can lift the spirits and hold them high enough to see a whole future for the race??The sound of laughter in the distance in the dark can be a marvelous encouragement??But these are uncertain stimuli??ready??to work only if you happen to be ready to receive them,which takes a bit of luck. I have been reading magazine stories about the technology of lie detection lately??and it occurs to me that this may be the thing I've been looking for ?? an encouragement supported by genuine ?? hard scientific data??It is promising enough that I've decided to take as given what the articles say??uncritically??and to look no further?? As I understand it??a human being cannot tell a lie??even a small one??without setting off a kind of smoke alarm Somewhere deep in a µÚ 47 Ò? ?? 5?? Ò? ÓðÌì È??úÓ?ÓïÁù?? ÔÄ?ÁÀí?â dark recess of the brain??resulting in the sudden discharge 9f nerve impulses??or the sudden outpouring of neurohormones(Éñ?,??ËØ)of some sort??or both??The outcome??recorded by the lie-detector device is similar to the responses to various kinds of stress?? Lying??then is stressful??even when we do it for protection??or relief?? or escape??or profit??or just for the pure pleasure of lying and getting away with it??It is a strain??distressing enough to cause the emission of signals to and from the central nervous system warning that something has gone wron9??It is??in a pure physiological sense??an unnatural act?? Now I regard this as a piece of extraordinarily good news ?? meaning??that we are compelled to be a moral species at least in the limited sense that we are biologically designed to be truthful to each other?? It seems a petty thing to have this information??but perhaps it tells us to look again??and look deeper??We are indeed a social species?? more dependent on each other than the celebrated social insects??we can no more live a solitary life than can a bee??we ale obliged??as a species.to rely on each other-Trust is a fundamental requirement for our kind of existence??and without it all our linkages would begin to snap loose??It is enough??quite enough??to know that we cannot even tell a plain untruth??and betray a trust??without scaring some part of our own brains?? 6????In the first paragraph??the author implies that ??A??we are convinced that men are born evil ??B?? human beings are surrounded by piles of rubbish ??C??there are a lot of obstacles on the way ahead of human beings ??D??man's future is seen to be encouraging from his good nature 63??According to the second paragraph??which of the following statements is true? ??A?? Language is as useful as music?? ??B??Painting is the best of all in lifting one's spirits?? ??C??To see human's bright side is a game of chance ??D??Not everyone is given the chance of a good future?? 64. Which of the following is true ac6ording to the passage? ?? A?? Physiological changes will for sure betray a liar. ?? B?? The bigger a lie is, the stronger the strain will be. ??C ?? The degree of the strain depends on the purpose of lying. ?? D?? A well-trained person can tell lies without being detected. 65. The information given by the lie detector, according to the author, is ?? A?? trivial ?? B ?? essential ?? C ?? surprising ?? D?? unreliable 66. The message the author transmits to us by the lie detector is that µÚ 48 Ò? ?? 5?? Ò? ÓðÌì È??úÓ?ÓïÁù?? ÔÄ?ÁÀí?â ?? A?? it is vital for us to be truthful to each other ??B ?? lying will be checked by more advanced lie detectors ?? C?? a lie detector can make a good record of nerve impulses ?? D?? a liar benefits himself from lying, but only at the cost of others ??????????009 Äê ???? ÔÂÓ?ÓïÁù??ÔÄ?Á×?ÏîѵÁ??????? President Bush touched off a firestorm of criticism from congressional Democrats, civil fights groups and newspaper editorialists Wednesday when he decided to intervene in a Supreme Court case challenging racial preferences in the University of Michigan admissions policy. The howls of protest were quick and loud. Judging from the noise, one might conclude that this president is in big political trouble as he looks to reelection in ??004. After all, with public uncertainty about the economy, the possibility of war with Iraq, increased tensions with North Korea dominating the headlines, and Democrats hurling brickbats at Bush for everything from his economic stimulus plan that they say favors the rich to what they see as his abandonment of minorities by opposing the Michigan case, he would appear to be poised (Ê?Æ?ºâ) on the brink of political disaster. But is he? Not yet. His standing with the public is stronger than outward poll numbers suggest. Much was made this past week of a USA TODAY CNN Gallup Poll that showed Bush's job approval rating dipping below 60% for the first time since Sept. ????, to 58%. That caused many to comment that he might be following down a path his father previously trod. The elder Bush achieved success in the Persian Gulf War but saw his job ratings erode steadily, largely because of what many read as an inadequate response to a slumping economy. He was denied a second term.But for the younger Bush to be in danger of a repeat, he would have to do something that breaks the bond he has formed with the American public on a personal level since Sept. ???? that transcends his positions on various issues. The same USA TODAY poll that showed Bush's overall job-approval slipping, but still good,also found that his so-called political "vital signs" are remarkably strong. They suggest that regardless of whether people agree or disagree with Bush's handling of specific problems or issues,he retains a high degree of respect, trust and support for pushing boldly ahead as he sees fit. Most who said the qualities do not apply are Democrats, Who more than likely are not going to vote for Bush anyway. It is the swing voters that Bush must hold, and the poll shows that most independents rank Bush positively on these measures, He also "gets some pretty strong ratings from women, who traditionally lean toward Democratic presidential candidates. So when Bush makes a bold decision to fight terrorism, oppose the µÚ 49 Ò? ?? 5?? Ò? ÓðÌì È??úÓ?ÓïÁù?? ÔÄ?ÁÀí?â Michigan admissions policy or force Saddam Hussein to disarm, many may disagree. But they rate him high for leading, which, after all, is what we elect our presidents to do. And most see him as honest, willing to get along with his political opponents and an effective government manager. Analysts say those vital signs will see Bush through the rough times. 5??. It can be inferred from the passage that the University of Michigan ?? A ?? carries out a preferential policy for recruiting minority students ?? B?? comes into open conflicts with Bush's economic stimulus plan ?? C?? puts Bush in trouble by abandoning minority students in its admission ??D?? is strongly opposed to Bush's foreign policies 53. According to the passage, the poll numbers indicate that ??A ?? Bush's standing with the public is very strong ?? B?? Bush's economic package wins widespread support ?? C?? public support for Bush is declining ?? D?? Bush is on the brink of political disaster 54. The elder Bush lost a second term mainly because ?? A ?? he lost the Persian Gulf War ??B ?? he failed to develop an intimate relationship with the public ?? C ?? he proved himself inadequate as a political leader ?? D ?? he did not take effective measures to recover the economy 55. The expression "vital signs" (Line ??, Para. 3 ) mainly refers to ?? A?? signs that signalize public satisfaction with Bush's work ?? B ?? qualities that meet the leadership of the country ?? C?? poll numbers that show Bush's job-approval ratings ?? D?? issues that Bush has to handle before a reelection 56. The main idea of the passage is that ?? A?? approval polls don't tell the whole Bush story ?? B ?? young Bush is in danger of repeating the elder Bush's mistakes ?? C ?? fighting another war does not help the slumping economy ?? D??public support for Bush's work takes another dip ?????µ????009 Äê ???? ÔÂÓ?ÓïÁù??ÔÄ?Á×?ÏîѵÁ??????? In recent years, we have all watched the increasing commercialization of the campus. The numerous advertising posters and the golden arches of fast food outlets may be an insult to our aesthetic sensibilities, but they are, arguably, no worse than ugly. Some of the other new features of commercialized campus life do, however, constitute a serious threat to things we rightly respect. "Privatization" and the "business model" are the potential menace. What do these notions mean? To me, they involve an increased µÚ 50 Ò? ?? 5?? Ò? ÓðÌì È??úÓ?ÓïÁù?? ÔÄ?ÁÀí?â dependence on industry and charitable actions for operating the university; an increased amount of our resources being directed to applied or so-called practical Subjects, both in teaching and in research; a proprietary (ËùÓÐÈ?µØ??ËùÓÐÈ˵Ø) treatment of research results, with the commercial interest in secrecy overriding the public's interest in free, shared knowledge; and an attempt to run the university more like a business that treats industry and students as clients and ourselves as service providers with something to sell. We pay increasing attention to the immediate needs and demands of our "customers" and, as the old saying goes, "the customer is always right". Privatization is particularly frightening from the point of view of public well-being. A researcher employed by a university-affiliated hospital in Canada, working under contract with a medicine-making company, made public her findings that a particular drug was harmful. This violated the terms of her contract, and so she was fired. Her dismissal caused a scandal, and she was subsequently restored to her previous position. The university and hospital in question are now working out something similar to tenure (ÖÕÉíÈÎÖ?) for hospital-based researchers and guidelines for contracts, so that more public exposure of privately funded research will become possible. This is a rare victory and a small step in the right direction, but the general trend is the other way. Thanks to profit-driven private funding, researchers are not only forced to keep valuable information secret, they are often contractually obliged to keep discovered dangers to public health under wraps, too. Of course, we must not be too naive about this. Governments can unwisely insist on secrecy, too, as did the British Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries, and Food in the work they funded in connection with the bovine spongiform encephalopathy (Å? ÄÔ º? Ãà Ìå ?? ) epidemic.This prevented others from reviewing the relevant, data and pointing out that problems were more serous than government was letting on. 57. From the first paragraph we can learn that the campus life has become ??A ?? more convenient ?? B ?? rather ugly ?? C ?? somewhat harmful ?? D ?? no more aesthetic than before 58. "Privatization" and the "business model" in this passage most probably mean ?? A ?? potential menace to life ?? B ?? new features of campus life ?? C ?? new trend on campus ?? D?? dependence on industry and charities 59. The author believes that we should pay ?? A ?? little attention to applied subjects ?? B ?? due attention to the public interest in free, shared knowledge µÚ 5?? Ò? ?? 5?? Ò? ÓðÌì È??úÓ?ÓïÁù?? ÔÄ?ÁÀí?â ?? C?? more attention to the immediate needs and demands of our customers ?? D?? considerable attention to the commercial interest in the secrecy of research results 60. The researcher mentioned in the third .paragraph was fired because ?? A?? she worked for the rival of the company ?? B ?? she failed to keep her research results secret ?? C ?? she was obliged to keep her discoveries secret ?? D ?? she was committed to a contract with a company 6??. It is implied in the passage that ?? A ?? the general public is too naive to accept the "privatization" ?? B ?? the notion that "the customer is always right" is out of date ?? C ?? it is a general trend that there will be more public disclosure of privately funded research ?? D?? the bovine spongiform encephalopathy epidemic in Britain was more ÔÄ?Á×?Ïî 35 ƪ ?????? ?????? ??5?? ??9?? ????3?? ????7?? ???????? ????5?? ????9?? ??33?? CADBC?????? CCCBA??6?? ACDDD????0?? BCDAD????4?? DACCD????8?? BDABD???????? CABDC????6?? CABAB??30?? DCABA34?? DCAAB??3?? ?ºDDCAC??7?? CBCCD???????? AAABA????5?? BCDAC????9?? BAACB????3?? BDCCA????7?? CABAB??3???? ACDBA??35?? DCBCB??4?? ABDDB ??8?? CBBAC???????? DAAAA????6?? ?? CDADB CDADA DADDD ??AAADD ??CDDAD BCADD BCADD BAC?Â?Ä BCADD????0???? BCDAA????4?? BDCCA????8?? BACAD??3???? CBBDD serious than what was disclosed µÚ 5?? Ò? ?? 5?? Ò? ??