马丁路德金演讲稿_0

马丁路德金演讲稿_0 精品文档 马丁路德金演讲稿 2011-05-016:19:12 I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation. 今天，我高兴地同大家一起，参加这次将成为我国历 史上为了争取自由而举行的最伟大的示威集会。 Five score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand today, signed the Emancipation Proclamation. This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who had been seared in the flames of withering injustice. It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity. 100年前，一位伟大的美国人——今天我们就站在他象 征性的身影下——签署了《解放宣言》。这项重要法令的颁 布，对于千百万灼烤于非正义残焰中的黑奴，犹如带来希望 之光的硕大灯塔，恰似结束漫漫长夜禁锢的欢畅黎明。 But one hundred years later, the Negro still is not free. One hundred years later, the life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination. One hundred years later, the Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty 1 / 51 精品文档 in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity. One hundred years later, the Negro is still languished in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land. And so we’ve come here today to dramatize a shameful condition. 然而，100年后，黑人依然没有获得自由。100年后， 黑人依然悲惨地蹒跚于种族隔离和种族歧视的枷锁之下。 100年后，黑人依然生活在物质繁荣翰海的贫困孤岛上。100 年后，黑人依然在美国社会中间向隅而泣，依然感到自己在 国土家园中流离漂泊。所以，我们今天来到这里，要把这骇 人听闻的情况公诸于众。 In a sense we’ve come to our nation’s capital to cash a check. When the architects of our republic wrote the magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence, they were signing a promissory note to which every American was to fall heir. This note was a promise that all men, yes, black men as well as white men, would be guaranteed the “unalienable Rights” of “Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.” It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory note, insofar as her citizens of color are concerned. Instead of 2 / 51 精品文档 honoring this sacred obligation, America has given the Negro people a bad check, a check which has come back marked “insufficient funds.” 从某种意义上说，我们来到国家的首都是为了兑现一 张支票。我们共和国的缔造者在拟写宪法和独立宣言的辉煌 篇章时，就签署了一张每一个美国人都能继承的期票。这张 期票向所有人承诺——不论白人还是黑人——都享有不可 让渡的生存权、自由权和追求幸福权。然而，今天美国显然 对她的有色公民拖欠着这张期票。美国没有承兑这笔神圣的 债务，而是开始给黑人一张空头支票——一张盖着“资金不 足”的印戳被退回的支票。 But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is bankrupt. We refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation. And so, we’ve come to cash this check, a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the security of justice. 但是，我们决不 相信正义的银行会破产。我们决不相信这个国家巨大的机会 宝库会资金不足。因此，我们来兑现这张支票。这张支票将 给我们以宝贵的自由和正义的保障。 We have also come to this hallowed spot to remind America of the fierce urgency of Now. This is no time 3 / 51 精品文档 to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism. Now is the time to make real the promises of democracy. Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice. Now is the time to lift our nation from the quicksands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood. Now is the time to make justice a reality for all of God’s children. 我们来到这块圣地还为了提醒美国:现在正是万分紧 急的时刻。现在不是从容不迫悠然行事或服用渐进主义镇静 剂的时候。现在是实现民主诺言的时候。现在是走出幽暗荒 凉的种族隔离深谷，踏上种族平等的阳关大道的时候。现在 是使我们国家走出种族不平等的流沙，踏上充满手足之情的 磐石的时候。现在是使上帝所有孩子真正享有公正的时候。 It would be fatal for the nation to overlook the urgency of the moment. This sweltering summer of the Negro’s legitimate discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn of freedom and equality. Nineteen sixty-three is not an end, but a beginning. And those who hope that the Negro needed to blow off steam and will now be content will have a rude awakening 4 / 51 精品文档 if the nation returns to business as usual. And there will be neither rest nor tranquility in America until the Negro is granted his citizenship rights. 忽视这一时刻的紧迫性，对于国家将会是致命的。自 由平等的朗朗秋日不到来，黑人顺情合理哀怨的酷暑就不会 过去。1963年不是一个结束，而是一个开端。 如果国家依 然我行我素，那些希望黑人只需出出气就会心满意足的人将 大失所望。在黑人得到公民权之前，美国既不会安宁，也不 会平静。 The whirlwinds of revolt will continue to shake the foundations of our nation until the bright day of justice emerges. 反抗的旋风将继续震撼我们国家的基石，直至光辉灿 烂的正义之日来临。 But there is something that I must say to my people, who stand on the warm threshold which leads into the palace of justice: In the process of gaining our rightful place, we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds. Let us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred. We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline. We must not allow our creative protest to degenerate into physical violence. Again and 5 / 51 精品文档 again, we must rise to the majestic heights of meeting physical force with soul force. 但是，对于站在通向正义之宫艰险门槛上的人们，有 一些话我必须要说。在我们争取合法地位的过程中，切不要 错误行事导致犯罪。我们切不要吞饮仇恨辛酸的苦酒，来解 除对于自由的饮渴。我们应该永远得体地、纪律严明地进行 斗争。我们不能容许我们富有创造性的抗议沦为暴力行动。 我们应该不断升华到用灵魂力量对付肉体力量的崇高境界。 The marvelous new militancy which has engulfed the Negro community must not lead us to a distrust of all white people, for many of our white brothers, as evidenced by their presence here today, have come to realize that their destiny is tied up with our destiny. And they have come to realize that their freedom is inextricably bound to our freedom. 席卷黑人社会的新的奇迹般的战斗精神，不应导致我 们对所有白人的不信任——因为许多白人兄弟已经认识到: 他们的命运同我们的命运紧密相连，他们的自由同我们的自 由休戚相关。他们今天来到这里参加集会就是明证。 We cannot walk alone. 我们不能单独行动。 And as we walk, we must make the pledge that we 6 / 51 精品文档 shall always march ahead. 当我们行动时，我们必须保证勇往直前。 We cannot turn back. 我们不能后退。 There are those who are asking the devotees of civil rights, “When will you be satisfied?” We can never be satisfied as long as the Negro is the victim of the unspeakable horrors of police brutality. We can never be satisfied as long as our bodies, heavy with the fatigue of travel, cannot gain lodging in the motels of the highways and the hotels of the cities. We cannot be satisfied as long as a Negro in Mississippi cannot vote and a Negro in New York believes he has nothing for which to vote. No, no, we are not satisfied, and we will not be satisfied until “justice rolls down like waters, and righteousness like a mighty stream.” 有人问热心民权运动的人:“你们什么时候会感到满 意,”只要黑人依然是不堪形容的警察暴行恐怖的牺牲品， 我们就决不会满意。只要我们在旅途劳顿后，却被公路旁汽 车游客旅社和城市旅馆拒之门外，我们就决不会满意。只要 黑人的基本活动范围只限于从狭小的黑人居住区到较大的 黑人居住区，我们就决不会满意。只要我们的孩子被“仅供 7 / 51 精品文档 白人”的牌子剥夺个性，损毁尊严，我们就决不会满意。只 要密西西比州的黑人不能参加选举，纽约州的黑人认为他们 与选举毫不相干，我们就决不会满意。不，不，我们不会满 意，直至公正似水奔流，正义如泉喷涌。 I am not unmindful that some of you have come here out of great trials and tribulations. Some of you have come fresh from narrow jail cells. And some of you have come from areas where your quest -- quest for freedom left you battered by the storms of persecution and staggered by the winds of police brutality. You have been the veterans of creative suffering. Continue to work with the faith that unearned suffering is redemptive. Go back to Mississippi, go back to Alabama, go back to South Carolina, go back to Georgia, go back to Louisiana, go back to the slums and ghettos of our northern cities, knowing that somehow this situation can and will be changed. 我并非没有注意到你们有些人历尽艰难困苦来到这 里。你们有些人刚刚走出狭小的牢房。有些人来自因追求自 由而遭受迫害风暴袭击和警察暴虐狂飙摧残的地区。你们饱 经风霜，历尽苦难。继续努力吧，要相信:无辜受苦终得拯 救。回到密西西比去吧;回到亚拉巴马去吧;回到南卡罗来 8 / 51 精品文档 纳去吧;回到佐治亚去吧;回到路易斯安那去吧;回到我们 北方城市中的贫民窟和黑人居住区去吧。要知道，这种情况 能够而且将会改变。 Let us not wallow in the valley of despair, I say to you today, my friends. And so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow, I still have a dream. It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream. 我们切不要在绝望的深渊里沉沦。朋友们，今天我要 对你们说，尽管眼下困难重重，但我依然怀有一个梦。这个 梦深深植根于美国梦之中。 I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal.” 我梦想有一天，这个国家将会奋起，实现其立国信条 的真谛:“我们认为这些真理不言而喻:人人生而平等。” I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia, the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood. 我梦想有一天，在佐治亚州的红色山岗上，昔日奴隶 9 / 51 精品文档 的儿子能够同昔日奴隶主的儿子同席而坐，亲如手足。 I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a state sweltering with the heat of injustice, sweltering with the heat of oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice. 我梦想有一天，甚至连密西西比州——一个非正义和 压迫的热浪逼人的荒漠之州，也会改造成为自由和公正的青 青绿洲。 I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. 我梦想有一天，我的四个小女儿将生活在一个不是以 皮肤的颜色，而是以品格的优劣作为评判 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 的国家里。 I have a dream today! 我今天怀有一个梦。 I have a dream that one day, down in Alabama, with its vicious racists, with its governor having his lips dripping with the words of “interposition” and “nullification” -- one day right there in Alabama little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters 10 / 51 精品文档 and brothers. 我梦想有一天，亚拉巴马州会有所改变——尽管该州 州长现在仍滔滔不绝地说什么要对联邦法令提出异议和拒 绝执行——在那里，黑人儿童能够和白人儿童兄弟姐妹般地 携手并行。 I have a dream today! 我今天怀有一个梦。 I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, and every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough places will be made plain, and the crooked places will be made straight; “and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed and all flesh shall see it together.”? 我梦想有一天，深谷弥合，高山夷平，歧路化坦途， 曲径成通衢，上帝的光华再现，普天下生灵共谒。 This is our hope, and this is the faith that I go back to the South with. 这是我们的希望。这是我将带回南方去的信念。 With this faith, we will be able to hew out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope. With this faith, we will be able to transform the jangling discords of our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood. 11 / 51 精品文档 With this faith, we will be able to work together, to pray together, to struggle together, to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom together, knowing that we will be free one day. 有了这个信念，我们就能从绝望之山开采出希望之石。 有了这个信念，我们就能把这个国家的嘈杂刺耳的争吵声， 变为充满手足之情的悦耳交响曲。有了这个信念，我们就能 一同工作，一同祈祷，一同斗争，一同入狱，一同维护自由， 因为我们知道，我们终有一天会获得自由。 And this will be the day -- this will be the day when all of God’s children will be able to sing with new meaning: 到了这一天，上帝的所有孩子都能以新的含义高唱这 首歌: My country ‘tis of thee, sweet land of liberty, of thee I sing. 我的祖国，可爱的自由之邦，我为您歌唱。 Land where my fathers died, land of the Pilgrim’s pride, 这是我祖先终老的地方，这是早期移民自豪的地方， From every mountainside, let freedom ring! 让自由之声，响彻每一座山岗。 12 / 51 精品文档 And if America is to be a great nation, this must become true. 如果美国要成为伟大的国家，这一点必须实现。 And so let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops of New Hampshire. 因此，让自由之声响彻新罕布什尔州的巍峨高峰～ Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York. 让自由之声响彻纽约州的崇山峻岭～ Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania. 让自由之声响彻宾夕法尼亚州的阿勒格尼高峰～ Let freedom ring from the snow-capped Rockies of Colorado. 让自由之声响彻科罗拉多州冰雪皑皑的洛基山～ Let freedom ring from the curvaceous slopes of California. 让自由之声响彻加利福尼亚州的婀娜群峰～ But not only that: 不，不仅如此; Let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia. 让自由之声响彻佐治亚州的石山～ 13 / 51 精品文档 Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee. 让自由之声响彻田纳西州的望山～ Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi. 让自由之声响彻密西西比州的一座座山峰，一个个土 丘～ From every mountainside, let freedom ring. 让自由之声响彻每一个山岗～ And when this happens, when we allow freedom ring, when we let it ring from every village and every hamlet, from every state and every city, we will be able to speed up that day when all of God’s children, black men and white men, Jews and Gentiles, Protestants and Catholics, will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual: 当我们让自由之声轰响，当我们让自由之声响彻每一 个大村小庄，每一个州府城镇，我们就能加速这一天的到来。 那时，上帝的所有孩子，黑人和白人，犹太教徒和非犹太教 徒，耶稣教徒和天主教徒，将能携手同唱那首古老的黑人灵 歌: Free at last! free at last! 14 / 51 精品文档 “终于自由了～终于自由了～ Thank God Almighty, we are free at last! 感谢全能的上帝，我们终于自由了～” 1929年1月15日，小马丁?路德?金出生在美国亚特兰大市奥本街501号，一幢维多利亚式的小楼里。他的父亲是牧师，母亲是教师。他从母亲那里学会了怎样去爱、同情和理解他人;从父亲那里学到了果敢、坚强、率直和坦诚。但他在黑人区生活，也感受到人格的尊严和作为黑人的痛苦。15岁时，聪颖好学的金以优异成绩进入摩尔豪斯学院攻读社会学，后获得文学学士学位。 尽管美国战后经济发展很快，强大的政治、军事力量使它登上了“自由世界”盟主的交椅。可国内黑人却在经济和政治上受到歧视与压迫。面对丑恶的现实，金立志为争取社会平等与正义作一名牧师。他先后就读于克拉泽神学院和波士顿大学，于1955年获神学博士学位后，到亚拉巴马州蒙哥马利市得克斯基督教浸礼会教堂作牧师。 1955年12月，蒙哥马利节警察当局以违反公共汽车座位隔离条令为由，逮捕了黑人妇女罗莎?帕克斯。金遂同几位黑人积极分子组织起“蒙哥马利市政改进协会”，号召全市近5万名黑人对公共法与公司进行长达1年的抵制，迫使法院判决取消地方运输工具上的座位隔离。这是美国南部黑人第一次以自己的力量取得斗争胜利，从而揭开了持续10 15 / 51 精品文档 余年的民权运动的序幕，也使金博士锻炼成民权运动的领袖。 1968年4月4日，金被种族分子暗杀。 美国政府规定，从1986年起，每年1月的第3个星期一为小马丁?路德?金全国纪念日。 关于非暴力主张 伴随着种族主义长大的马丁?路德?金，深受种族主义的伤害，所以他积极参加反对种族隔离 制度 关于办公室下班关闭电源制度矿山事故隐患举报和奖励制度制度下载人事管理制度doc盘点制度下载 的斗争。但他主张的却是非暴力的斗争，而这种斗争方式的确是有思想原因的。他受甘地主义和基督教教义影响很深，是一位典型的和平主义者。他强调在争取黑人自由平等权利的斗争中，不应干违法的事，不能让“创造性的抗议堕落成为暴力行为”，必须要有“用精神力量对付武力”的崇高境界。这里的精神力量在他看来，就是要以基督教宣传的“博爱”、“仁慈”来感化黑人的敌人并使之放下屠刀。 1 金之所以有这种思想与其青年时的学习有直接关系的。他在宾夕法尼亚的克罗泽学院学习时，利用业余时间，阅读了著名的神学著作——人们写的关于信仰的 书 关于书的成语关于读书的排比句社区图书漂流公约怎么写关于读书的小报汉书pdf ，还有哲学著作——关于生活方式的书。这些书的思想给其留下了深刻的印象，并最终用于实践。但使马丁?路德?金最为激动的则是圣雄甘地的思想。甘地的非暴力，或称精神力量 16 / 51 精品文档 的哲学是印度人民对抗英帝国主义政治、军事力量的精神支柱。印度人民不断举行示威游行，反对外国政治的统治，无论这样统治是否出于善意。也无论是否正确，他们要自己来做出决定。 甘地说虽然他们必须准备好为取得独立而牺牲自己的生命，他们也决不可为此而进行杀戮——不管受到多么粗暴的对待。 马丁开始相信在印度能取得胜利，在美国也可以。他用自己的行动领导了一场声势浩大的以非暴力为 原则 组织架构调整原则组织架构设计原则组织架构设置原则财政预算编制原则问卷调查设计原则 的民权运动。 本次演讲背景 50年代的美国南部，好像一座对付“解放了的”黑人的监狱。而阿拉巴马州又是种族歧视最为猖獗的一个州，在这里，黑人的选举权力受到野蛮剥夺和限制，骇人听闻的迫害黑人的私刑暴行不断发生，种族隔离制度使黑人不能与白人同校，不能在同一个教堂做礼拜，不准进入为白人开设的旅馆、客栈、饭馆和娱乐场所，连公共汽车站上也树立了栅栏，规定白人黑人分别上车。 年轻的伴随着种族主义歧视长大的黑人牧师马丁?路德?金到任不久，便参加并领导了1955年蒙哥马利市黑人抵制乘坐公共汽车的反种族歧视运动，最终迫使美国最高法院作出取消这种制度的决定。1963年他组织的伯明翰黑人争 17 / 51 精品文档 取自由平等权利的大规模游行示威，把黑人运动从南方推向 北方。8月28日，斗争达到高潮。25万人聚集首都华盛顿， 以和平集会方式举行“自由进军”的示威，就在林肯纪念堂 前，马丁?路德?金向示威群众发表了这篇激动人心的演 说。在演讲中，表达了他的非暴力主义思想以及他对自由平 等公正的追求与憧憬。 马丁路德金演讲稿 I have a dream I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation. 今天，我高兴 地同大家一起，参加这次将成为我国历史上为了争取自由而 举行的最伟大的示威集会。 Five score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand today, signed the Emancipation Proclamation. This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who had been seared in the flames of withering injustice. It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity. 100年前，一位伟大的美国人——今天我们就站在 他象征性的身影下——签署了《解放宣言》。这项重要法令 18 / 51 精品文档 的颁布，对于千百万灼烤于非正义残焰中的黑奴，犹如带来 希望之光的硕大灯塔，恰似结束漫漫长夜禁锢的欢畅黎明。 But one hundred years later, the Negro still is not free. One hundred years later, the life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination. One hundred years later, the Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity. One hundred years later, the Negro is still languished in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land. And so we’ve come here today to dramatize a shameful condition. 然而，100年后，黑人依然没有获得自由。100年后， 黑人依然悲惨地蹒跚于种族隔离和种族歧视的枷锁之下。 100年后，黑人依然生活在物质繁荣翰海的贫困孤岛上。100 年后，黑人依然在美国社会中间向隅而泣，依然感到自己在 国土家园中流离漂泊。所以，我们今天来到这里，要把这骇 人听闻的情况公诸于众。 In a sense we’ve come to our nation’s capital to cash a check. When the architects of our republic wrote the magnificent words of the Constitution and the 19 / 51 精品文档 Declaration of Independence, they were signing a promissory note to which every American was to fall heir. This note was a promise that all men, yes, black men as well as white men, would be guaranteed the “unalienable Rights” of “Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.” It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory note, insofar as her citizens of color are concerned. Instead of honoring this sacred obligation, America has given the Negro people a bad check, a check which has come back marked “insufficient funds.” 从某种意义上说，我们来到国家的首都是为了兑现一 张支票。我们共和国的缔造者在拟写宪法和独立宣言的辉煌 篇章时，就签署了一张每一个美国人都能继承的期票。这张 期票向所有人承诺——不论白人还是黑人——都享有不可 让渡的生存权、自由权和追求幸福权。然而，今天美国显然 对她的有色公民拖欠着这张期票。美国没有承兑这笔神圣的 债务，而是开始给黑人一张空头支票——一张盖着“资金不 足”的印戳被退回的支票。 But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is bankrupt. We refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity 20 / 51 精品文档 of this nation. And so, we’ve come to cash this check, a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the security of justice. 但是，我们决不相信正义的银行会破产。我们决不相 信这个国家巨大的机会宝库会资金不足。因此，我们来兑现 这张支票。这张支票将给我们以宝贵的自由和正义的保障。 We have also come to this hallowed spot to remind America of the fierce urgency of Now. This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism. Now is the time to make real the promises of democracy. Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice. Now is the time to lift our nation from the quicksands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood. Now is the time to make justice a reality for all of God’s children. 我们来到这块圣地还为了提醒美国:现在正是万分紧 急的时刻。现在不是从容不迫悠然行事或服用渐进主义镇静 剂的时候。现在是实现民主诺言的时候。现在是走出幽暗荒 凉的种族隔离深谷，踏上种族平等的阳关大道的时候。现在 21 / 51 精品文档 是使我们国家走出种族不平等的流沙，踏上充满手足之情的 磐石的时候。现在是使上帝所有孩子真正享有公正的时候。 It would be fatal for the nation to overlook the urgency of the moment. This sweltering summer of the Negro’s legitimate discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn of freedom and equality. Nineteen sixty-three is not an end, but a beginning. And those who hope that the Negro needed to blow off steam and will now be content will have a rude awakening if the nation returns to business as usual. And there will be neither rest nor tranquility in America until the Negro is granted his citizenship rights. 忽视这一时刻的紧迫性，对于国家将会是致命的。自 由平等的朗朗秋日不到来，黑人顺情合理哀怨的酷暑就不会 过去。1963年不是一个结束，而是一个开端。 如果国家依 然我行我素，那些希望黑人只需出出气就会心满意足的人将 大失所望。在黑人得到公民权之前，美国既不会安宁，也不 会平静。 The whirlwinds of revolt will continue to shake the foundations of our nation until the bright day of justice emerges. 反抗的旋风将继续震撼我们国家的基石，直至光辉灿 22 / 51 精品文档 烂的正义之日来临。 But there is something that I must say to my people, who stand on the warm threshold which leads into the palace of justice: In the process of gaining our rightful place, we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds. Let us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred. We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline. We must not allow our creative protest to degenerate into physical violence. Again and again, we must rise to the majestic heights of meeting physical force with soul force. 但是，对于站在通向正义之宫艰险门槛上的人们，有 一些话我必须要说。在我们争取合法地位的过程中，切不要 错误行事导致犯罪。我们切不要吞饮仇恨辛酸的苦酒，来解 除对于自由的饮渴。我们应该永远得体地、纪律严明地进行 斗争。我们不能容许我们富有创造性的抗议沦为暴力行动。 我们应该不断升华到用灵魂力量对付肉体力量的崇高境界。 The marvelous new militancy which has engulfed the Negro community must not lead us to a distrust of all white people, for many of our white brothers, as 23 / 51 精品文档 evidenced by their presence here today, have come to realize that their destiny is tied up with our destiny. And they have come to realize that their freedom is inextricably bound to our freedom. 席卷黑人社会的新的奇迹般的战斗精神，不应导致我 们对所有白人的不信任——因为许多白人兄弟已经认识到: 他们的命运同我们的命运紧密相连，他们的自由同我们的自 由休戚相关。他们今天来到这里参加集会就是明证。 We cannot walk alone. 我们不能单独行动。 And as we walk, we must make the pledge that we shall always march ahead. 当我们行动时，我们必须保证勇往直前。 We cannot turn back. 我们不能后退。 There are those who are asking the devotees of civil rights, “When will you be satisfied?” We can never be satisfied as long as the Negro is the victim of the unspeakable horrors of police brutality. We can never be satisfied as long as our bodies, heavy with the fatigue of travel, cannot gain lodging in the motels of the highways and the hotels of the cities. We cannot 24 / 51 精品文档 be satisfied as long as a Negro in Mississippi cannot vote and a Negro in New York believes he has nothing for which to vote. No, no, we are not satisfied, and we will not be satisfied until “justice rolls down like waters, and righteousness like a mighty stream.” 5 马丁路德金《我有一个梦》演讲[中英文对照] Five score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand today, signed the Emancipation Proclamation. This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who had been seared in the flames of withering injustice. It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of bad captivity. But one hundred years later, the Negro still is not free. One hundred years later, the life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination. One hundred years later, the Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity. One hundred years later, the Negro is still languished 25 / 51 精品文档 in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land. So we’ve come here today to dramatize a shameful condition. I am not unmindful that some of you have come here out of great trials and tribulations. Some of you have come fresh from narrow jail cells. Some of you have come from areas where your quest for freedom left you battered by the storms of persecution and staggered by the winds of police brutality. You have been the veterans of creative suffering. Continue to work with the faith that unearned suffering is redemptive. Go back to Mississippi, go back to Alabama, go back to South Carolina, go back to Georgia, go back to Louisiana, go back to the slums and ghettos of our northern cities, knowing that somehow this situation can and will be changed. Let us not wallow in the valley of despair. I say to you today, my friends, so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow, I still have a dream. It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream. I have a dream that one day this nation will rise 26 / 51 精品文档 up, live up to the true meaning of its creed: “We hold these truths to be self-evident; that all men are created equal.” I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave-owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood. I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a state sweltering with the heat of injustice, sweltering with the heat of oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice. I have a dream that my four children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color if their skin but by the content of their character. I have a dream today. I have a dream that one day down in Alabama with its governor having his lips dripping with the words of interposition and nullification, one day right down in Alabama little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers. I have a dream today. 27 / 51 精品文档 I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough places will be made plain, and the crooked places will be made straight, and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed, and all flesh shall see it together. This is our hope. This is the faith that I go back to the South with. With this faith we will be able to hew out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope. With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood. With this faith we will be able to work together, to pray together, to struggle together, to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom together, knowing that we will be free one day. This will be the day when all of God’s children will be able to sing with new meaning. My country, ’ tis of thee, Sweet land of liberty, Of thee I sing: Land where my fathers died, Land of the pilgrims’ pride, 28 / 51 精品文档 From every mountainside Let freedom ring. And if America is to be a great nation this must become true. So let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops of New Hampshire. Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York! Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania! Let freedom ring from the snowcapped Rockies of Colorado! Let freedom ring from the curvaceous slops of California! But not only that; let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia! Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee! Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi! From every mountainside, let freedom ring! When we let freedom ring, when we let it ring from every village and every hamlet, from every state and 29 / 51 精品文档 every city, we will be able to speed up that day when all of God’s children, black men and white men, Jews and Gentiles, Protestants and Catholics, will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual, “Free at last! free at last! thank God almighty, we are free at last!” 我有一个梦想 一百年前，一位伟大的美国人签署了解放黑奴宣言， 今天我们就是在他的雕像前集会。这一庄严宣言犹如灯塔的 光芒，给千百万在那摧残生命的不义之火中受煎熬的黑奴带 来了希望。它的到来犹如欢乐的黎明，结束了束缚黑人的漫 漫长夜。 然而一百年后的今天，黑人还没有得到自由，一百年 后的今天，在种族隔离的镣铐和种族歧视的枷锁下，黑人的 生活备受压榨。一百年后的今天，黑人仍生活在物质充裕的 海洋中一个贫困的孤岛上。一百年后的今天，黑人仍然萎缩 在美国社会的角落里，并且意识到自己是故土家园中的流亡 者。今天我们在这里集会，就是要把这种骇人听闻的情况公 诸于众。 我并非没有注意到，参加今天集会的人中，有 些受尽苦难和折磨，有些刚刚走出窄小的牢房，有些由于寻 求自由，曾早居住地惨遭疯狂迫害的打击，并在警察暴行的 旋风中摇摇欲坠。你们是人为痛苦的长期受难者。坚持下去 30 / 51 精品文档 吧，要坚决相信，忍受不应得的痛苦是一种赎罪。 让我们回到密西西比去，回到阿拉巴马去，回到南卡罗莱纳去，回到佐治亚去，回到路易斯安那去，回到我们北方城市中的贫民区和少数民族居住区去，要心中有数，这种状况是能够也必将改变的。我们不要陷入绝望而不能自拔。 朋友们，今天我对你们说，在此时此刻，我们虽然遭受种种困难和挫折，我仍然有一个梦想。这个梦是深深扎根于美国的梦想中的。 我梦想有一天，这个国家会站立起来，真正实现其信条的真谛:“我们认为这些真理是不言而喻的;人人生而平等。” 我梦想有一天，在佐治亚的红山上，昔日奴隶的儿子将能够和昔日奴隶主的儿子坐在一 起，共叙兄弟情谊。 我梦想有一天，甚至连密西西比州这个正义匿迹，压迫成风，如同沙漠般的地方，也将变成自由和正义的绿洲。 我梦想有一天，我的四个孩子将在一个不是以他们的肤色，而是以他们的品格优劣来评判他们的国度里生活。 我今天有一个梦想。 我梦想有一天，阿拉巴马州能够有所转变，尽管该州州长现在仍然满口异议，反对联邦法令，但有着一日，那里的黑人男孩和女孩将能够与白人男孩和女孩情同骨肉，携手 31 / 51 精品文档 并进。 我今天有一个梦想。 我梦想有一天，幽谷上升，高山下降，坎坷曲折之路成坦途，圣光披露，满照人间。 这就是我们的希望。我怀着这种信念回到南方。有了这个信念，我们将能从绝望之岭劈出一块希望之石。有了这个信念，我们将能把这个国家刺耳的争吵声，改变成为一支洋溢手足之情的优美交响曲。有了这个信念，我们将能一起工作，一起祈祷，一起斗争，一起坐牢，一起维护自由;因为我们知道，终有一天，我们是会自由的。 在自由到来的那一天，上帝的所有儿女们将以新的含义高唱这支歌:“我的祖国，美丽的自由之乡，我为您歌唱。您是父辈逝去的地方，您是最初移民的骄傲，让自由之声响彻每个山冈。” 如果美国要成为一个伟大的国家，这个梦想必须实现。让自由之声从新罕布什尔州的巍峨峰巅响起来～让自由之声从纽约州的崇山峻岭响起来～让自由之声从宾夕法尼亚州阿勒格尼山的顶峰响起～让自由之声从科罗拉多州冰雪覆盖的落矶山响起来～让自由之声从加利福尼亚州蜿蜒的群峰响起来～不仅如此，还要让自由之声从佐治亚州的石岭响起来～让自由之声从田纳西州的了望山响起来～让自由之声从密西西比州的每一座丘陵响起来～让自由之声从每一片山坡响起来。 32 / 51 精品文档 当我们让自由之声响起来，让自由之声从每一个大小村庄、每一个州和每一个城市响起来时，我们将能够加速这一天的到来，那时，上帝的所有儿女，黑人和白人，犹太人和非犹太人，新教徒和天主教徒，都将手携手，合唱一首古老的黑人灵歌:“终于自由啦～终于自由啦～感谢全能的上帝，我们终于自由啦～” 马丁?路德?金--《我有一个梦想》赏析 最近，我在受老师上课的影响下细读了一篇演说稿，题目是《我有一个梦想》，让我感触非常深。 《我有一个梦想》是1963年8月8日在美国第16届总统林肯纪念堂前举行《黑人解放宣言》100周年纪念活动时基督教牧师马丁路德金作的长篇演说，主要揭露了白人对黑人的残酷迫害，表达了对自由和幸福的渴望以及正义奋斗到底的决心。 而这篇演讲也影响了一代有理想的年轻人。 《我有一个梦想》是一篇演讲稿，文中运用了许多的排比句，主要讲了黑人以及作者对自由的渴望，也揭示了黑人在白人心中的地位，读了这篇演讲稿我觉得，我们不应该因为别人的肤色、地位、家境就改变对他们的态度、看法，因为人人生而平等，没有高低贵贱之分，即使你出生再一个富裕的家庭也不代表你比人家高，因为你现在的富裕不是你的，而是他人努力的成果，只有通过自己的努力得来的，才是自己的，而出生的穷困人，也不用为了自己的身世而自卑， 33 / 51 精品文档 虽然你的家庭是穷困的，但是你可以通过自己的努力来改变现状。我希望以后我们可以生活在一个不是以人们的肤色、身份、地位，而是以我们的品格优劣来评价我们的国度里生活。 人人生而平等。 这样震撼人心，激励斗志，充分论理，洋溢热情，坚定信念，逻辑严密的演讲很少见。不论从思想性和艺术性上都可称得上极品。他的演讲，揭露问题一针见血，毫不隐晦，明明白白。这篇演讲稿里，每一个字都流露出马丁?路德?金对黑人自由的渴望;每一个字都流露出马丁?路德?金对奴隶主与奴隶能在同一片蓝天下生活的期望;每一个字都流露出马丁?路德?金对黑人与白人情同骨肉携手并进的希望。 马丁?路德?金的演讲稿《我有一个梦想》让我体会到了当时美国政府对黑人的不平等待遇。他那激情的演讲震撼了一个又一个的白人与黑人;那铿锵有力的声音唤醒了人们那沉睡多年的良心;那一浪接一浪的掌声给人们留下了永不磨灭的回忆。 马丁?路德?金的《我有一个梦想》这个演讲，不但给了人们永不磨灭的回忆，还让人们发现了自己对黑人的不公。现在，在去美国，再也不会看见白人对黑人投去蔑视的眼神了，真正地达到了马丁?路德?金所希望的那样“昔日 34 / 51 精品文档 奴隶的儿子将能够和昔日奴隶主的儿子坐在一起，共叙兄弟情谊。”世界又变成了和平的时期。 首先本文拟将从文学体的角度，对于马丁?路德?金所作的演讲进行 分析 定性数据统计分析pdf销售业绩分析模板建筑结构震害分析销售进度分析表京东商城竞争战略分析 。通过这种分析来描写马丁?路德?金在演讲中的语言特点，以便更深刻得理解该演讲文体及其深层含义。 1.语域分析 任何语言使用都受到语域因素的影响，不同语域的语言使用也呈现着不用的规律和特点，马丁?路德?金的演讲也是。著名语言学家韩礼德把语域理论分为:语场，语旨和语式。语场是指语篇所涉及的社会活动或实际发生的事;语旨是指交际活动所涉及的人和他们之间的关系;语式是指语篇的载体形式即语言交际的渠道或媒介。 从整个语篇来看，该篇演讲没有很生僻，也没有特别长的单词，基本上都是日常生活中人们常见常用常听到的词汇。从语旨上来分析，马丁?路德?金面对的听众是黑人群体和一些民众，他们文化程度、知识背景不一，首先就要使所有的听众都听得懂他的演讲，因此，金用民众易于理解的词汇能够传递更多的信息。 从语场上来讲，该演讲的主题是有关黑人争取平等权利，取得真正的自由。因此，马丁?路德?金的演讲围绕这一主题展，那么出现在语篇当中的高频词汇就得与上述主题 35 / 51 精品文档 有明显的关联。我做了一个简单统计，发现其中Freedom出现20次，Justice出现11 次，Right出现7次。由此看来，马丁?路德?金紧扣主题，一方面突出重点的目的，起到强调的作用;另一方面，表现了实现愿望的感情之强烈。 2.情态动词分析 语旨的变化主要表现在对人际意义的不同选择上。在词汇层面上，主要体现在语气，情态动词词汇的不用选择上。情态系统是表达说话者对事物的判断和评价的系统。金运用了不同的情态动词来实现他的不同人际意义。比如，原文中Will出现26次，Can和Must都出现8次。通过预测推断，有了这些信念，我们可以改变现状。Will表示将会，Can表示可以，能够，Must表达必须，义务的意思，从内容上看，无一不是一再的激起听众的热血，像他们传达着自由终会实现，大家终会解放的涵义。从语气上来看，也是递进的关系，这些情态动词的穿插使用更加坚定了广大黑人听众的信念，振奋精神。 《我有一个梦想》的作者马丁?路德?金生于1929年，是美国著名的黑人民权领袖。1948年大学毕业。1963年晋见了肯尼迪总统，要求通过新的民权法，给黑人以平等的权利。1963年8月28日在林肯纪念堂前发表《我有一个梦想》的演说。1946年获得诺贝尔和平奖。1968年4月，马丁?路 36 / 51 精品文档 德?金前往孟菲斯市领导工人罢工时被人谋杀，年仅39岁。1986年起美国政府将每年1月的第三个星期一定为马丁?路德?金全国纪念日。 马丁?路德?金用他犀利的言辞和有针对性的话语掷地有声地指出一百年前的伟大的林肯总统签署了解放黑奴宣言，那庄严的宣言犹如灯塔的光芒，给千百万在那摧残生命的不义之火中受煎熬的黑奴带来希望。 但在一百多年后的今天，黑人依然没有得到自由，在种族隔离的脚铐和种族歧视的枷锁下，黑人的生活依然受压迫，黑人仍生活在物质充裕的海洋中的一个穷困的“小岛”，黑人仍然萎缩在美国社会的角落。 美利坚合众国的缔造者在草拟宪法和独立宣言时曾向每一个美国人许下诺言，承诺给予所有人以生存、自由和追求幸福的权力。可如今，美国显然没有实践她的诺言，只是给黑人一张说是可以给予黑人宝贵的自由和正义的保障的空头支票，支票上盖着“资金不足”的戳子便退了回来。没错，如今黑人的生活虽已普遍改善，但黑人遭受极不公正，不公正待遇的事件仍层出不穷。黑人虽已迎来了新生活，但旧思想，旧观念还是在少数白人的脑海里挥之不去，深入骨髓。 演讲还提醒如果美国忽视时间的迫切性和低估黑人的决心，那么这对美国将是致命伤。自由和平等的凉爽秋天如 37 / 51 精品文档 不到来，黑人义愤填膺的酷暑就不会过去。一九六三年并不意味着斗争的结束，而是开始。黑人得不到公民的权利，美国就不可能有安宁或平静，正义的光明的一天不到来，叛乱旋风就将继续动摇这个国家的基础。 最后他还提到希望:我们让自由之声响起来，让自由之声从每一个大小村庄、每一个州和每一个城市响起来时，我们将能够加速这一天的到来。那时，上帝的所有儿女:黑人和白人、犹太教徒和非犹太教徒、耶稣教徒和天主教徒，都将手牵手合唱一首古老的黑人灵歌:“终于自由啦～终于自由啦～感谢全能的上帝，我们终于自由啦～” 马丁?路德?金用他的梦想给黑人勾画出美丽的蓝图，也给他们一个等待的理由。他的演讲获得热烈的拥护，也给他带来崇高声誉。全文思路明晰，富有逻辑性，不仅体现了作者的才情，更展现了作者高尚的追求和不屈的奋斗精神。马丁?路德?金通过他的努力，终于在他逝世40年后的今天实现了他的梦想:美国历史上有了第一位黑人总统奥巴马。而当年对黑人歧视很严重的密西西比州，亚拉巴马州，南卡罗来纳州，佐治亚州，路易斯安那州，如今也得到了很大的改善。 马丁?路德?金通过努力，使他的梦想已经不只是个梦想，而是实现。 今天，我高兴地同大家一起，参加这次将成为我国 38 / 51 精品文档 历史上为了争取自由而举行的最伟大的示威集会。 100年前，一位伟大的美国人--今天我们就站在他象征性的身影下--签署了《解放宣言》。这项重要法令的颁布，对于千百万灼烤于非正义残焰中的黑奴，犹如带来希望之光的硕大灯塔，恰似结束漫漫长夜禁锢的欢畅黎明。 然而，100年后，黑人依然没有获得自由。100年后，黑人依然悲惨地蹒跚于种族隔离和种族歧视的枷锁之下。100年后，黑人依然生活在物质繁荣翰海的贫困孤岛上。100年后，黑人依然在美国社会中间向隅而泣，依然感到自己在国土家园中流离漂泊。 所以，我们今天来到这里，要把这骇人听闻的情况公诸于众。 从某种意义上说，我们来到国家的首都是为了兑现一张支票。我们共和国的缔造者在拟写宪法和独立宣言的辉煌篇章时，就签署了一张每一个美国人都能继承的期票。这张期票向所有人承诺--不论白人还是黑人--都享有不可让渡的生存权、自由权和追求幸福权。 然而，今天美国显然对她的有色公民拖欠著这张期票。美国没有承兑这笔神圣的债务，而是开始给黑人一张空头支票--一张盖著“资金不足”的印戳被退回的支票。但是，我们决不相信正义的银行会破产。我们决不相信这个国家巨大的机会宝库会资金不足。因此，我们来兑现这张支票。这张支票将给我们以宝贵的自由 39 / 51 精品文档 和正义的保障。 我们来到这块圣地还为了提醒美国:现在正是万分紧急的时刻。现在不是从容不迫悠然行事或服用渐进主义镇静剂的时候。现在是实现民主诺言的时候。现在是走出幽暗荒凉的种族隔离深谷，踏上种族平等的阳关大道的时候。现在是使我们国家走出种族不平等的流沙，踏上充满手足之情的磐石的时候。现在是使上帝所有孩子真正享有公正的时候。 忽视这一时刻的紧迫性，对于国家将会是致命的。自由平等的朗朗秋日不到来，黑人顺情合理哀怨的酷暑就不会过去。1963年不是一个结束，而是一个开端。如果国家依然我行我素，那些希望黑人只需出出气就会心满意足的人将大失所望。在黑人得到公民权之前，美国既不会安宁，也不会平静。反抗的旋风将继续震撼我们国家的基石，直至光辉灿烂的正义之日来临。 但是，对于站在通向正义之宫艰险门槛上的人们，有一些话我必须要说。在我们争取合法地位的过程中，切不要错误行事导致犯罪。我们切不要吞饮仇恨辛酸的苦酒，来解除对于自由的饮渴。 我们应该永远得体地、纪律严明地进行斗争。我们不能容许我们富有创造性的抗议沦为暴力行动。我们应该不断升华到用灵魂力量对付肉体力量的崇高境界。 席卷黑人社会的新的奇迹般的战斗精神，不应导致我 40 / 51 精品文档 们对所有白人的不信任--因为许多白人兄弟已经认识到:他们的命运同我们的命运紧密相连，他们的自由同我们的自由休戚相关。他们今天来到这里参加集会就是明证。 我们不能单独行动。当我们行动时，我们必须保证勇往直前。我们不能后退。有人问热心民权运动的人:“你们什么时候会感到满意,”只要黑人依然是不堪形容的警察暴行恐怖的牺牲品，我们就决不会满意。只要我们在旅途劳顿后，却被公路旁汽车游客旅社和城市旅馆拒之门外，我们就决不会满意。只要黑人的基本活动范围只限于从狭小的黑人居住区到较大的黑人居住区，我们就决不会满意。只要我们的孩子被“仅供白人”的牌子剥夺个性，损毁尊严，我们就决不会满意。只要密西西比州的黑人不能参加选举，纽约州的黑人认为他们与选举毫不相干，我们就决不会满意。不，不，我们不会满意，直至公正似水奔流，正义如泉喷涌。 我并非没有注意到你们有些人历尽艰难困苦来到这里。你们有些人刚刚走出狭小的牢房。有些人来自因追求自由而遭受迫害风暴袭击和警察暴虐狂飙摧残的地区。你们饱经风霜，历尽苦难。继续努力吧，要相信:无辜受苦终得拯救。 回到密西西比去吧;回到亚拉巴马去吧;回到南卡罗来纳去吧;回到佐治亚去吧;回到路易斯安那去吧;回到我们北方城市中的贫民窟和黑人居住区去吧。要知道，这种情 41 / 51 精品文档 况能够而且将会改变。我们切不要在绝望的深渊里沉沦。 朋友们，今天我要对你们说，尽管眼下困难重重，但我依然怀有一个梦。这个梦深深植根于美国梦之中。 我梦想有一天，这个国家将会奋起，实现其立国信条的真谛:“我们认为这些真理不言而喻:人人生而平等。” 我梦想有一天，在佐治亚州的红色山岗上，昔日奴隶的儿子能够同昔日奴隶主的儿子同席而坐，亲如手足。 我梦想有一天，甚至连密西西比州--一个非正义和压迫的热浪逼人的荒漠之州，也会改造成为自由和公正的青青绿洲。 我梦想有一天，我的四个小女儿将生活在一个不是以皮肤的颜色，而是以品格的优劣作为评判标准的国家里。 我今天怀有一个梦。 我梦想有一天，亚拉巴马州会有所改变--尽管该州州长现在仍滔滔不绝地说什么要对联邦法令提出异议和拒绝执行--在那里，黑人儿童能够和白人儿童兄弟姐妹般地携手并行。 我今天怀有一个梦。 我梦想有一天，深谷弥合，高山夷平，歧路化坦途，曲径成通衢，上帝的光华再现，普天下生灵共谒。 这是我们的希望。这是我将带回南方去的信念。有了这个信念，我们就能从绝望之山开采出希望之石。有了这个 42 / 51 精品文档 信念，我们就能把这个国家的嘈杂刺耳的争吵声，变为充满手足之情的悦耳交响曲。有了这个信念，我们就能一同工作，一同祈祷，一同斗争，一同入狱，一同维护自由，因为我们知道，我们终有一天会获得自由。 到了这一天，上帝的所有孩子都能以新的含义高唱这首歌: 我的祖国，可爱的自由之邦，我为您歌唱。这是我祖先终老的地方，这是早期移民自豪的地方，让自由之声，响彻每一座山岗。 如果美国要成为伟大的国家，这一点必须实现。因此，让自由之声响彻新罕布什尔州的巍峨 高峰～ 让自由之声响彻纽约州的崇山峻岭～ 让自由之声响彻宾夕法尼亚州的阿勒格尼高峰～ 让自由之声响彻科罗拉多州冰雪皑皑的洛基山～ 让自由之声响彻加利福尼亚州的婀娜群峰～ 不，不仅如此;让自由之声响彻佐治亚州的石山～ 让自由之声响彻田纳西州的望山～ 让自由之声响彻密西西比州的一座座山峰，一个个土丘～ 让自由之声响彻每一个山岗～ 当我们让自由之声轰响，当我们让自由之声响彻每一个大村小庄，每一个州府城镇，我们就能加速这一天的到来。 43 / 51 精品文档 那时，上帝的所有孩子，黑人和白人，犹太教徒和非犹太教 徒，耶稣教徒和天主教徒，将能携手同唱那首古老的黑人灵 歌:“终于自由了～终于自由了～感谢全能的上帝，我们终 于自由了～” I have a Dream by Martin Luther King, Jr. Delivered on the steps at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington D.C. on August8, 1963 Five score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand signed the Emancipation Proclamation. This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who had been seared in the flames of withering injustice. It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of captivity. But one hundred years later, we must face the tragic fact that the Negro is still not free. One hundred years later, the life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination. One hundred years later, the Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity. One hundred 44 / 51 精品文档 years later, the Negro is still languishing in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land. So we have come here today to dramatize an appalling condition. In a sense we have come to our nation’s capital to cash a check. When the architects of our republic wrote the magnificent words of the Constitution and the declaration of Independence, they were signing a promissory note to which every American was to fall heir. This note was a promise that all men would be guaranteed the inalienable rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory note insofar as her citizens of color are concerned. Instead of honoring this sacred obligation, America has given the Negro people a bad check which has come back marked “insufficient funds.” But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is bankrupt. We refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation. So we have come to cash this check -- a check that will give us upon demand the riches 45 / 51 精品文档 of freedom and the security of justice. We have also come to this hallowed spot to remind America of the fierce urgency of now. This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism. Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice. Now is the time to open the doors of opportunity to all of God’s children. Now is the time to lift our nation from the quicksands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood. It would be fatal for the nation to overlook the urgency of the moment and to underestimate the determination of the Negro. This sweltering summer of the Negro’s legitimate discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn of freedom and equality. Nineteen sixty-three is not an end, but a beginning. Those who hope that the Negro needed to blow off steam and will now be content will have a rude awakening if the nation returns to business as usual. There will be neither rest nor tranquility in America until the Negro is granted his citizenship rights. The whirlwinds of revolt will continue to shake the foundations of our 46 / 51 精品文档 nation until the bright day of justice emerges. But there is something that I must say to my people who stand on the warm threshold which leads into the palace of justice. In the process of gaining our rightful place we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds. Let us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred. We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline. We must not allow our creative protest to degenerate into physical violence. Again and again we must rise to the majestic heights of meeting physical force with soul force. The marvelous new militancy which has engulfed the Negro community must not lead us to distrust of all white people, for many of our white brothers, as evidenced by their presence here today, have come to realize that their destiny is tied up with our destiny and their freedom is inextricably bound to our freedom. We cannot walk alone. And as we walk, we must make the pledge that we shall march ahead. We cannot turn back. There are those who are asking the devotees of civil rights, “When will 47 / 51 精品文档 you be satisfied?” We can never be satisfied as long as our bodies, heavy with the fatigue of travel, cannot gain lodging in the motels of the highways and the hotels of the cities. We cannot be satisfied as long as the Negro’s basic mobility is from a smaller ghetto to a larger one. We can never be satisfied as long as a Negro in Mississippi cannot vote and a Negro in New York believes he has nothing for which to vote. No, no, we are not satisfied, and we will not be satisfied until justice rolls down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream. I am not unmindful that some of you have come here out of great trials and tribulations. Some of you have come fresh from narrow cells. Some of you have come from areas where your quest for freedom left you battered by the storms of persecution and staggered by the winds of police brutality. You have been the veterans of creative suffering. Continue to work with the faith that unearned suffering is redemptive. Go back to Mississippi, go back to Alabama, go back to Georgia, go back to Louisiana, go back to the slums 48 / 51 精品文档 and ghettos of our northern cities, knowing that somehow this situation can and will be changed. Let us not wallow in the valley of despair. I say to you today, my friends, that in spite of the difficulties and frustrations of the moment, I still have a dream. It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream. I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: “We hold these truths to be self-evident; that all men are created equal.” I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slaveowners will be able to sit down together at a table of brotherhood. I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a desert state sweltering with the heat of injustice and oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice. I have a dream that my four children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their 49 / 51 精品文档 character. I have a dream today. I have a dream that one day the state of Alabama, whose governor’s lips are presently dripping with the words of interposition and nullification, will be transformed into a situation where little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls and walk together as sisters and brothers. I have a dream today. I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough places will be made plain, and the crooked places will be made straight, and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed, and all flesh shall see it together. This is our hope. This is the faith with which I return to the South. With this faith we will be able to hew out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope. With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood. With this faith we will be able to work together, to pray together, to struggle 50 / 51 精品文档 together, to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom together, knowing that we will be free one day. This will be the day when all of God’s children will be able to sing with a new meaning 51 / 51