视听说教程3听力原文

视听说教程3听力原文 BOOK3 Unit 1 Inside View Conversation 1 Janet: Hi, it’s me again, Janet Li. I’m still a student at the University of Oxford in England. But I’m not in Oxford right now. And I haven’t gone back home to China either. It’s the long vacation now, and believe it or not, it’s the middle of summer. I’m spending my summer in one of the world’s greatest cities. I’m in London, home to the Houses of Parliament, Big Ben, Tower Bridge…and the double-decker bus. I want to find out what it’s like to live in this busy, lively city. So I’m working for London Time Off, a website about what’s on in London. This is Joe…, he’s my boss, and this is Andy, who is a reporter. And what’s my job? Well, I don’t know yet, because it’s my first day. But I’m meant to be shadowing Andy, oh, what I mean is, I’m going to be helping him. So can you tell me something about London, Andy? Andy: It’s the greatest city in the world. . Joe: Except for New York! Andy: New York? Don’t make me laugh! Joe: And your point is…? Andy: Look, if you want my opinion, London is greater than New York… Joe: No, I don’t want your opinion, thank you very much. It’s a fact. Andy: A fact! Are you serious? \Janet: And here we are in London, probably the greatest city in the world. Andy: What? Probably? Excuse me, I prefer to deal with this myself… Joe: Ah, dream on, Andy……… Conversation 2 Janet:So when did you start working at London Time Off? Andy: About a year ago. Janet: And I hope you don’t mind my asking ,but do you like working here? Andy: Yes, I love it. I mean, Joe and I get along quite well. He drives me crazy sometimes, because he’s my boss, and I wish I earned a bit more money, but…I think my job is really cool, because I get to see everything that’s happening in London. And I didn’t want to join the rat race. Janet: What do you mean by the rat race? Andy: You know, doing the same thing day in day out, and not doing anything creative, or having any time to enjoy life. It’s the last thing I want to do. Janet: So do you mind telling me what you do exactly? Andy: Basically, we check out new events on the London music scene, you know, new clubs, the latest plays and films, as well as exhibitions in galleries and museums. Then we go and film interviews with the musicians or the actors, or anyone who has anything to do with the event. Janet: Ok, then what happens? Andy: We edit the interviews, and then we upload it all onto the website. We get 200,000 hits a week. We’re London’s biggest listings site. Janet: Can I ask you something else? Andy: Fire away. Janet: What are we going to do now? 1 / 26 Andy: I need to go back to my flat, and get my research. Then we’ve got an interview to do. Let’s get the tube back to my place. Janet: And what about Joe? Andy: Well, he’s supposed to be on his way to the National Theatre, to do an interview with the director of a new play. But I kind of hope he gets lost on the way. Then he’ll discover what a great place London is. Janet: I don’t understand. Andy: I’m joking! Come on, let’s go! Outside view Happiness is not what most students have in mind when they think of school. Yet a school in Germany has developed a novel way to raise the morale of its students, by teaching happiness in classes. Students at Heidelberg’s Willy Hellpach School of Economics are learning how to achieve happiness as an official subject, alongside mathematics and languages. This is the first school in Germany to develop a happiness course, intended for 17- to 19-year-olds preparing for university entrance exams. Ernst Fritz-Schubert, the school’s principal, is on a mission to change things. Ernst Fritz-Schubert: It was my idea-I’ve been at this school for 31 years, and I feel that school and happiness have to be reunited. These are two terms which are not considered together, because one does not connect school with happiness. In some cases school comes behind the dentists on the popularity scale and we should try to push schools’ popularity a bit. It has been proved by science that a happy student can learn more than an unhappy one, Unhappy students can concentrate for a while but do not use all their potential. The happiness classes are intended to help students fulfill their potential. They will help the students live happy and prosperous lives. The classes aim to help students in achieving a positive state of mind, by using all their own resources and boosting their self-esteem. In addition, they hope classes will increase self-awareness and physical comfort. Happiness classes are also intended to make students more aware about their environment and society as a whole. During classes students are encouraged to express themselves and observe their peers’ behavior. The classes are taught by Bjoern Bonn, an actor and visiting lecturer. Bjoern Bonn: One of the exercises I do is to have one of the students walk across the classroom, with the others copying his walk. Through this exercise, I hope they learn something about themselves. Why do I move like this? How do others see my way of walking? I hope that with a higher body awareness they ideally –of course it will take time-achieve a higher self-consciousness which could lead to happiness. Wolfgang Lang: We give these classes to students to help them find happiness. Now the question is: How do I define happiness? Happiness is for example a strengthening of the personality. We are providing helpful suggestions to make stronger people. People that ask―Who am I as a person? Am I really happy?‖ Pascal Gemble: It takes time and everybody has to find happiness for themselves. You cannot go into a coaching lesson and say teach me happiness. One can only get indications from teachers or the visiting lecturers. There are also happiness scientists, if we could talk to one of those, I am sure he would have some hints. Yosma Pinar Cetinkaya: You would think that the teachers are writing definitions on the board. Not true. Those who want happiness have to find it for themselves, you cannot really learn 2 / 26 that. So what does it take to be happy and can you learn it at school? Listening in Passage one Interviewer: Can you tell me…how do you think you have changed as you have matured?What things have had a major influence on you? Speaker 1 : Well, let me think…I suppose going to university had a big impact on my life. It made me much more open-minded. I met so many different types of people there with weird and wonderful ideas and it changed the way I see the world. I’m much more tolerant now… It made me a more rounded person. Interviewer: Great, and had any particular person had a central role in forming your character? Speaker 1: I guess that’d have to be my grandfather. I was very close to him, and he taught me to stand up for my beliefs. He was always telling me about this… Interviewer: So what people or events have had an impact on your life? Speaker 2: I think that traveling my gap year made me grow up and see both the beauty of the world and, well…just the generosity of ordinary people. I traveled a lot around Asia and you know, I found that in some of the poorest countries, like Cambodia and Laos, people share whatever little they have, and they possess a real joy for life. It’s probably made me a less selfish person. Interviewer: Interesting…so you would recommend that young people take a gap year to discover themselves and the world? Speaker 2: Definitely. It gives you an opportunity o learn about the world beyond the one you grew up in and I found it really… Interviewer: Could you tell me what things in your life have had the greatest influence in forming your personality? Speaker 3: Well…a couple of years ago I was on a reality TV show where a group of young people all lived in a house together. Each week some one was voted off by the audience. I got down to the final three! I suppose being on the show and seeing how the other contestants behaved made me realize how selfish and spiteful some people can be just to get what they want. I also realized it’s best to just be yourself in life. If you pretend to be someone different people will eventually see through the lies. Interviewer: Right…And how did you feel when you were eventually voted off? Speaker 3: Relieved, to be honest with you. But you know, a slight regret that I didn’t win because I kind of… Interviewer: So you can tell me, what one thing do you think that has had the biggest impact on your life? Speaker 4: Hmm, that’s a difficult question. But I think helping victims of the tsunami in 2004 had a very great impact on me. I’m half Thai and I’d just arrived in Thailand for a family Christmas holiday. When I heard the news I knew I had to help-you couldn’t not. I ended up acting as an interpreter for a group of volunteer doctors. It was an incredibly difficult time but you know, even in the middle of such a horrific tragedy there is still a huge amount of g kindness. Interviewer: That’s amazing! And has it changed the way you view your future… Passage two Tony: Talking to us today in our Life Choices series is Joan Robinson, an academic counselor at 3 / 26 Manchester University. She gives advice to school students on choosing the right subject to study at university. Joan, welcome to the show. Joan: Thanks Tony. Tony: So Joan, what do our listeners need to think about when choosing a course? It’s a huge, potentially life-changing decision, isn’t it? Joan: Yes. I generally give students advice in two areas. Firstly, know yourself, and secondly, think to the future. Tony: When you say ―know yourself‖ what do you mean? Joan: Basically, I mean evaluate your own personal strengths and weaknesses, your personality traits and the things you like. Tony: I see…So how can our listeners do this? Joan: Well, start by asking yourself questions to help reflect on your life so far. For example, what subjects are you good at? Are you an organized and self-disciplined person? Are you confident and outgoing? Do you like working with others in a team or do you prefer working alone? These kinds of questions will help you discover more about yourself. Tony: Sounds like good advice. How about your second point regarding the future? Joan: Well, your choice of major subject is likely to have a significant impact on your future career so it’s important to look into this carefully. I recommend you check not only which academic subjects will help you get into a particular area of work, but also look carefully at what universities offer. Each university has its strengths so try to choose one that is the best in your chosen field. Find out what links the department has to related industries and leading companies in it. Tony: Good point. Now I’d like to take some calls from our listeners. First up we have James on the line. Hi, James! How can we help? James: Hi. I’m interested in career in IT and I’d like to ask Joan whether she thinks it’s better to go to a highly respected university, like Oxford, or to study somewhere that has more of a vocational focus? Joan: Well, James, you know it really depends on what you expect to get out of a university and how you see your future. Basically a handful of the brightest graduates are picked from the top universities around the world to join the leading IT companies. So I’d say if you’re a high-flyer then this is the route that might be for you. But if you are looking for a more mainstream career then you should consider a course that helps you acquire practical, transferable skills that you can use in the workplace…and look at which universities have the best levels of graduate recruitment for the kind of job you are aiming for. James: I see! Thanks a lot. That really helps me out… Unit 2 Inside view Conversion 1 Janet Hey, look at that! It’s just like I’ve seen it in the films! Andy Welcome to London, my hometown. We are in Shoutwark, south of the river. there’s London bridge off to your left, and there’s Tower Bridge. Janet I’m really impressed. How old is it? Andy It’s only about 120 years old. Janet well, that’s quite old. Andy the London Docks used to be around this area. What happened was that about three or 4 / 26 four times a day, they raised Tower Bridge, so the bigger ships could come right into London. But because they couldn’t go under London bridge, they had to stop and unload here. Janet Does Tower Bridge still open? Andy well, not so often. When I was a kid, I think I saw tower bridge go up fairy often, all the traffic had to wait for the ships to pass through the bridge. Anyway, just this side of London bridge were lots of warehouses, where they kept their cargo. But during the second world war, there was lots of bombing over London… Janet yes, I read about that…the Blitz? Andy that’s right. And even when I was a kid, I remember that many of the buildings were still damaged. But in the late 1980s and 90s, this whole area was redeveloped, you can see for yourself, it’s a trendy place to live now. Janet is the river thames still polluted? Andy well, it certainly used to be polluted. I remember it had a very distinctive smell, if you fell in, they used to take you to hospital. Janet that’s sounds revolting! Andy yes, but in the 1960s, they cleaned it up, and in fact it’s now one of the cleanest city rivers in the world. Conversion 2 Janet It is very different from the parts of London I know. Andy The thing about Southwark is that it’s a typical suburb of London, full of old buildings and shops. And this is where I grew up. I used to live in that building there. Janet It’s amazing. It looks very old. Andy Yes, it’s about 80 years old Janet And where did you go to school? Andy Let me see. Yes , it was about a mile away from here. From about the age of eight, I used to go by bike. We all made our way to school on our own, meeting up with friends along the way until there was a large gang of us kids as we got closer to school. These days parents are much more protective and take their kids to school by car. It’s safer, but it’s not as much fun. Anyway …where was I? Janet You were telling me about your schooldays. Andy That’s right. Anyway, I stayed at school until I was 16,and then I went to a college of further education, and did my A levels. And after that, I decided to go to university. Janet Your parents must have been proud of you. Andy Yes, I think so. I was the first person in my family to go to uni. Janet That’s fascinating. Andy And what about you? Janet Oh, it was a typical childhood in Anshan, nothing much to tell. Andy But I have no idea what a typical childhood is like in China. Janet OK, I will tell you. Let me think… Andy Oh, hang on! Do you mind waiting here for a minute? Let me go up to my flat and get my research, and then you can tell me about it while we’re on our way back to the studio. Janet OK Andy Back in a minute… Outside view 5 / 26 HELP THE CHILDREN Around the world,many children are living in poverty.Many children live in countries where there's war.Many children do not get enough to eat.Some of these children are suffering from malnutrition. Many children in the world can’t go to school.One agency that is helping these children is UNICEF.UNICEF means the United Nations Children's Fund.UNICEF has more than seven thousand people working and one hundred and fifty_seven countries around the world to help children.One country where they are doing a great deal of work is Afghanistan.A whole generation of children in Afghanistan has never known peace,until recently.Now UNICEF is bringing food for malnourished children.They're bringing medicine.Here A medical team travels on horseback to bring medicine to a remote mountain village.And UNICEF is helping the children get an education."During the time of Taliban ,we have made a survey among 40000 kids.And ,they all say that the first thing they want is peace,and the second thing that they want is ,was education."The Taliban destroyed almost 2000 schools.Under the Taliban ,girls weren't allowed to attend school at all."Well,over 50 percent of the school has been destroyed completely,in the rest of the 50 percent schools which,eh,eh,needs repair.We are trying to accommodate all the children in the schools."Some of these schools are in people's home.This is a home school in Kabul.The teacher,Habiba Kilwati,has been running the school for 12 years.She supervises 26 other schools like it."We want to learn,so wo can become teachers,doctors,or engineers,and be like normal students."It was dangerous for children to go to school.Under the Taliban,police punished families whose children went to school.Today,children are happy to be in school."This morning I had some tea and an egg,and came to school.I have notebooks ,pencils,erasers,and friends,and fun here.―UNICEF is helping rebuild the educational system in Afghanistan in many ways.UNICEF is helping to train teachers.They're rebuilding schools,they're printing textbooks,and delivering books and other supplies to schools.This girls school was closed under the Taliban.Now,it's opening again.It has room for 960 students.These girls are happy to be back to school."I'm very disappointed and sad that I wasted six years.There was no education then.I tried to study then with my parents,but it's not the same.It wasn't so bad,but now I'm much happier because the schools are reopening.""We plan to open the schools,and get these children enrolled,and back in school,and to give them back their education so they can read and write.""When the Taliban came to power and closed the schools,girls stayed at home.Now there's an opportunity for them to continue their education.We are very happy about this.We can be proud of our girls,our young people.They can go back to school.UNICEF is working on its mission to bring food,medinine and education to the children of Afganistan.In the process,they're also bringing hope. Listening in Passage1 One of the strangest feelings I’ve ever had was when I returned by chance to a place where I’d been happy as a child. My husband and I were visiting some friends for the weekend-----they lived about 200 kilometers away. We were driving along when I suddenly saw a church in the distance that I recognized. My favorite aunt had lived very near it on a farm that my brother and I used to visit once a year with our parents. We were city kids, brought up in the middle of London, and this was a working farm-----the real thing-----with cows in cowsheds, fields with ponds and a muddy yard full of smelly pigs-----we had the run of the whole place-----it was just paradise for us. And then-----there was the food-----home-made jam and bread and cakes, milk fresh from the 6 / 26 cow. And my aunt Lottie-----a farmer’s wife-----and her husband, uncle George and their kids, Katie and Ben, our two cousins who my brother and I really got on with. It was heaven that week we used to spend there. They moved from the farm when I was… how old? ----- about 14. So I’d never been back or seen it again. Anyway, there we were, and I’d just seen the church-----, so we turned off and drove down this really narrow lane. And before I knew it we were in front of Aunt Lottie’s farm. The extraordinary thing was that it hadn’t changed------ not one tiny bit. It was a lovely old place with a typical country cottage garden, full of flowers. There were lots of barns and sheds-----they were next to-----next to the farm. And you know, I can’t even begin to describe the feeling I had standing there. It was-----oh, what was it? an incredibly powerful feeling of longing-----nostalgia for the past-----for times I’d been very very happy. But it was the past. I hadn’t been there for 20 years and I couldn’t go back, so also I had a feeling of huge sadness, that I couldn’t have those times again. And-----at the same time-----great sweetness, because those times had been so happy, so innocent-----because I was a child. So there was this extraordinary mix-----of longing, sadness and sweetness, all at the same time. It was the strangest feeling I’ve ever had. Passage2 Script Interviewer: So what's your first memory of school, Kevin? Kevin: I was really looking forward to school, I remember that, I just couldn't wait. Yeah, Johnny, my brother, was a year older than me and he seemed so grown-up, with his red blazer and smart shoes. And I wanted to go to school and be grown-up too. I don't remember much of the first day actually, apart from this little boy lying on the floor and screaming and screaming and me thinking what a baby he was. Interviewer: Right! What about you, Eva? Eva: I just have this one memory of this coat rack with all our coats. And I was looking for my peg which had a little picture of an elephant next to it. I remember I was crying because I wanted to go home and I couldn't get my coat on. I was crying so much and then the teacher came and helped me. Interviewer: OK, so what about your first best friend at school? Kevin: Oh, yeah, well, Steve, I remember him, because he's still my best friend! Interviewer: Still your best friend! Eva: That's so great! Kevin: Yeah, we didn't know each other before we started school but we became really good friends and so did our mums. Our families ended up going on holiday together and that kind of thing. But we used to fight a lot, Steve and I, and the teachers used to get very cross with us. But we were just having fun. Interviewer: Cool! And what about you, Eva? Eva: My best friend was a girl called Robina. She had short blond hair, I remember I thought she looks like an angel. We sat next to each other and held hands and played fairies in the playground. She left in Year 3 and I cried for days. Interviewer: Oh, how sad! So what about the day you left school? How was that? Eva: I had a lot of mixed feelings, I remember walking home with this amazing feeling of freedom, you know, no more rules, no more bossy teachers. But I also felt pretty sad, because I'd had some good times. I was in a group of girls who were so supportive of each other. 7 / 26 Kevin: I couldn't wait to leave, I was counting the days.I just wanted to get a job, get a life, earn some cash. The day I left, I went out to celebrate with a couple of my mates and--had a very good time! UNIT3 Inside view conversation1 Janet: So where are we now? Andy: This is the West End. It’s famous for cinemas and theatres. I used to work in a theatre near here. Janet: Really? What did you do? Andy: I moved the scenery between acts in the play. If I’m not mistaken, I worked on Pygmalion by George Bernard Shaw Janet: If I remember correctly. That was made into a musical film, wasn’t it? My Fair Lady? I remember seeing it on TV. (Phone ringing) Andy: Oh, oh, it’s Joe. (Andy picked up the phone) Andy: Hey!... Yes, we’re on our way…I don’t think we’re that late. Chill out Joe, we’ll be there. (Andy hung up the phone) Andy: Anyway, come on, we’d better get a move on. Janet: How far is it from here? Andy: It’s not far. Maybe five minutes’ walk. Joe gets cross if I’m late. Joe: Hello Janet, hello Andy. Late as usual. Andy: Actually, by my watch, I’m bang on time. Joe: Well let’s get on with it. This is Toby Jenkins, the theatre critic. Toby: Nice to meet you, are you ready to start? Andy: Hang on a minute! Janet, can you check the sound level? Can you hear me ok ,Janet, Janet? Janet: Hi Andy, I can’t hear you. What’s up? Andy: Can you hear me now? Janet: Ouch! Yes, that’s much louder. Joe: Let’s stop wasting time please. Just get on with the interview, will you? Conversation2 Andy: And we’ve got Toby Jenkins here with us today, who has just been to see the latest show at The Hippodrome La Clique. So La Clique is slightly different from the usual shows we see here in the West End these days. Can you tell me something about it, Toby? Toby: Yes, It’s a kind of cabaret, with a series of variety acts set in a kind of circus, but it’s very contemporary, extremely well produced and huge fun.. Andy: Tell me more about the acts. Toby: Well, there are stunts performed on a high wire, and puppets. There’s a sword swallower and juggler, and a rubber man who manages to pass his whole body through a tennis racquet. Andy: It sounds very unusual. Toby: Yes, for the West End today, but not so unusual for 30 or more years ago. Andy: So, It’s family entertainment then? Toby: Ah, no. I’m afraid it’s pretty adult, but very funny and stylish. 8 / 26 Andy: Did you get that ok, Janet? Joe: Let me have a listen… Janet: Oh no, did I do some thing wrong? Joe: Well, It’s just that I can’t hear anything. Let’s try again… Andy: Did you remember to keep an eye on the sound levels? That meter, there!. Janet: Oh no, I clean forgot. Andy: It’s Ok. We’ll just do another take. Joe: Come on you two. Hurry up! Janet: I’m so sorry. It slipped my mind. Joe: You’ll forget your own head one day. Sorry about this, Toby. From the top, please. Andy: And we’ve got Toby Jenkins here with us today… Outside View The Mona Lisa, the most famous painting in the world, was trully revolutionary even in its time. While he was painting the Mona Lisa, Leonardo da Vinci broke all the rules, even his own. In spite of the fact that Leonardo and other aritists believed that women should only be portrayed with eyes gazing slightly down. Leonodo painted the Mona Lisa looking directly at the viewer. The positon of her body is another innovation. While her face looks straight ahead, her body is slight turned, a pose that creates a sense of movement and tension. In another break from tradition, the Mona Lisa is not wearing any jewellery or adorments. Finally, backgrounds in portraits usually indicated a real place but the landscape in Leonardo’s portrait seems almost imaginary. A:One of the things I like to do is, um, think about her face and why, what is she trying, why, what is she trying to say with her face and I used to think that her face told more than one story. For instance, if I covered up one side of her face, it seemed like she might be a little sad or resevered, almost secretive. S:Her eyes are, they’re kind of looking at us or around us, through us perhaps. I think with that painting she is the viewer and we are the subject in a way. And she has this look that she knows somehting that we don’t know. A:And then when I coverd up that side and looked at the other side, she seemed happier, um, more satisfied. And togher, it created sort of the mystery about her that, um, made interpreting her face very enigmatic. S:There’s speculation that the Mona Lisa is a self-portrait of Leonardo and I, I believe that it is, there, there, the features do line up between the Mona Lisa and sketches of Leonardo. Scott McMahon and Anne Pfaff are both portrait artists. They believe that portraits can tell a story and make people think, just as the Mona Lisa has done for so many years. A:When I was young, um, I was always interested in, um, reading books about people and, and the dynamics, different kinds of relationships they had and so when I became a painter it was natural for me to be interested in painting poeple and looking for similar kinds of stories to tell about them that you might read in a book. S:Uh, most of my work consists of photographic self-portraiture. Um, I’m interested in using myself as th subject, um, not only as the creator of the image but as the, the character, or the performer of, of the images. So in my portraits I’m trying to capture, um, a deeper essence of a person, um, more or less. This work here is done with a pinhole camera, which requires a very long exposure so, with a portrait you can get this feeling of time passed. It’s not a, it’s not an instant, per se, it could be five minutes of exposure. 9 / 26 A:So this is another project I’m working on. I’m almost finished with it but I still need to work on the reflections in the water, um, and the face of the boy before it’s finished. S:I often work with multiples and, you know, using a mirror or the same image twice and what I wanted to do was link the two portraits together with the string. It’s kind of the string of thought or this idea of remembering or the resilience of memory. A:I don’t just paint from photographs. I try to make a work of art. Um, I try to make a painting that goes beyond a mere photographic image. I try to capture something about the soul of the, or the essence of this person. S:This piece here is, uh, it’s called The Measure of Decay and behind the piece there are portraits, again, of me I have this clay covering on that has cracked and so it’s, it’s kind of like the process of decay. So as each portrait goes around you can, you can see the image in a different focus. I love painting portraits. A:I love painting but portraits are very special because they’re about people. S:I’m fascinated by portraiture in general, and the human body and how the image lives over time. I like to capture what is unique and special about an individual in paint. Listening in conversation 1 Lily: So what was the highlight of your trip to (South)Korea? Hugh: Well that's…let me see...it's got to be going to see Nanta. Lily: What on earth is Nanta? Hugh:It's this amazing live show-part theater-part dance-part music. Lily: Sounds really interesting. But why’s it so brilliant? Hugh: I think it's the energy of the performers. Also it has a unique concept. It's a mixture of traditional Korean music, percussion and drums, into a western style performance Lily: I've never heard of it. Has it ever been performed in the West? Hugh: Yeah, it's been a sell-out. They've toured in over 30 countries since the show began in 1997.It's a non-verbal performance so there are no language barriers. That's what's made it an international success. Lily: What else makes it so special then? Hugh: Well...the other thing is that all the action takes place in the kitchen. You see these four chefs preparing the food for a wedding reception. The performers use knives, dustbin lids and various other kitchen utensils to create a hypnotic soundtrack. The food literally flies everywhere! It's hilarious. Lily: That sounds quite funny I must admit. Is there an actual story though? Hugh: Oh yes, there is a story. The four chefs have to prepare the meal by 6 o'clock and they also have to give the manager's nephew cooking lessons too, which adds to the fun. There’s loads of audience participation and despite there being no language involved you get completely engrossed. It's really quite wacky! Lily: And what about the audience? I suppose they start throwing food around…? Hugh: Not quite! But they are totally involved in what's going on-everyone loves it. It's a really great family show. In fact it's one of the best shows I've ever seen. Jim, my friend, says he takes all his visitors. He's seen it about eight times and still loves it. Lily: I bet it's popular with tourists then. Hugh: Well apparently over a million foreign tourists in (South)Korea have seen the show and it's had a run on Broadway too. It first got popular after they appeared at the Edinburgh 10 / 26 Festival. Now they are planning to tour more cities in Asia where (South) Korean popular culture is becoming incredibly trendy. Lily: By the way what does―Nanta‖ mean? Hugh:It means random drumming in Korean. The English name for the show is Cookin’, which gives you a clearer idea of what it's all about. You've got me interested now. I'll have to check it out on the internet. Lily: Listening in Conversation 2 Interviewer: Kathy Richards is a specialist art tour guide. Kathy-can you tell us what trends you've noticed in recent years? Kathy: Well, one of the biggest phenomena I've noticed is a huge increase in visitors to galleries-and a growing interest in modern art in general. Interviewer: What do you think the reason is for that? Kathy: Well, there are several reasons, I think. The most important ones are firstly, that some new contemporary art galleries have opened which have had a lot of publicity, and secondly the younger generation feel more comfortable with modern art so the kind of people visiting galleries is changing. Finally, the new generation of galleries have become destinations in themselves...they tend to be housed in amazing buildings. Interviewer: So which are the most popular new galleries? Kathy: Well, the Tate Modern in London has had over 30 million visitors since it opened in 2000.The annual average is now over 4.5 million. The Museum of Modern Art, or MoMA in New York is an older gallery, it was founded in 1929 but has been recently renovated and expanded. This work was finished in 2006 and it had over 2.5 million visitors in the first year after reopening. Another very successful new gallery is the Guggenheim in Bilbao in Spain. It opened in 1997 and now gets about a million visitors a year. Interviewer: Those are pretty impressive figures. Maybe the fact that the Tate Modern is free to visit might have something to do with it? Kathy: It's true that entrance to the permanent collection is free but the numbers of people visiting the temporary exhibition are also high-and the entrance fee is usually about ten pounds. Interviewer: Do you have to pay to get into the other galleries you mentioned? Kathy: Oh yes. You do. Admission to MoMA is 20 US dollars and the Guggenheim in Bilbao costs eight euros. Interviewer: Do people mind paying, do you think? Kathy: No, I don't think they do mind. Most people feel the fees are reasonable considering the outstanding collections of priceless works of art that they get to see. Interviewer: You mentioned that the buildings that art galleries are in can be an attraction themselves these days... Kathy: Well, yes, the Guggenheim has literally revitalized the whole city and put Bilbao on the tourist map. It's got a futuristic, curvy metallic structure and people love it. The Tate Modern has helped redevelop an old industrial area beside the River Thames. The gallery itself is actually inside a huge , old, brick power station. And MoMA is interesting as it's in downtown New York. Interviewer: And who visits these galleries? What's the profile of the average art lover? 11 / 26 Kathy: Well, in the past museums and galleries were seen as appealing to the older generation. But in fact, 48 percent of visitors to the Tate Modern are under 35... Unit4 Inside view Conversation 1 Joe: So, you’re all set for the interview with Janet’s Chinese friend? Andy: Sure, we’re meeting him tomorrow at midday. Joe: And Janet, you’re OK to give Andy a hand? Janet: Yes. Thank you very much for giving me another chance after last week. Joe: Just remind me...why are we interviewing this guy? Andy: It’s part of our background series to ethnic restaurants in London. We did Indian last month. Joe: OK, well, just remember that there’s no such thing as a free lunch! Now, anything else we need to do for next week’s guide? Andy: We’ve got the upcoming London Video Games Festival in Trafalgar Square. Joe: Video games? In Trafalgar Square? Andy: Yes, about 100,000 people attended last year. Janet: But how did they do that outdoors? Andy: Well, they put up a huge tent ,and there were demos of the latest game software to try out. Janet: Is that the kind of event that we usually cover on London Time off? Andy: Sure, why not? It’s very popular! Remember our slogan: the essential guide to going out and staying in. Joe: Let’s plan something for that...Can we try to think about something which will go with it? You know， something along the lines of how ways of getting music and TV into our homes have changed. Andy: You mean people download music instead of buying CDs? Joe: Yes, or on how many people check out the music on You Tube first. That all sounds very promising. Maybe we can run a feature on traditional entertainment and new technology. Look, I’ll let you get on with the rest of the planning and we’ll speak after lunch. Conversation 2 Janet: Going back to technology and tradition...why not we do something on the rise of e-book readers? Andy: That’s a good idea. They’re not like books. They’re more like hand-held computers. Janet: But the trouble is, every time I read a book on-screen, it hurts my eyes. Andy: Yes, but the great thing about them is you’ll never run out of things to read! Janet: But there is nothing quite like a good old-fashioned book. Andy: Maybe, but don’t you read more words online than on paper? I’m sure I do. Janet: Excuse me. I’d better check this. Andy: And you read more text messages than anyone else! Joe: Is someone using mobile in here? Can’t you understand the sign? I’m doing a recording in the other studio, and I’m picking up the electronic signal. Janet: Oh, it’s my fault. I should have realized... Andy: That serves you right! Janet: Oh no, I keep making such a mess of things! 12 / 26 Andy: Just ignore him! It’s no big deal! Janet: But what you’re saying about e-readers, that’s a good lead-in to a report on how new technology is changing so fast. Andy: It’s good, smart thinking, Janet! Janet: And I also messed up the recording with Toby Jenkins. Andy: Forget about it, Janet! Everyone could have done that. Joe started the recording before I had time to adjust the level. It wasn’t your fault. Anyway, somebody once said, technology doesn’t run an enterprise, relationships do. Don’t beat yourself up about it. Janet: I suppose that’s true. Well, I’ll make sure I get it right next time. Outside view To fly like a bird. It’s a desire that captures the human imagination. The Greeks told stories of Daedalus, an inventor who created wings made of wax and feathers and flew. The first person who seriously tried to fly like a bird was an Italian artist and inventor, Leonardo da Vinci. Da Vinci designed complex and wondrous flying machines, but his designs never got off the ground. Early inventors, like da vinci, tried to fly by flapping, just like birds. Here is what happens when a bird flaps: When a bird flaps, thrust and lift and control are created at the same time. Lift is the force that s the bird elevated. Lift is generated by the air under the bird’s wings. Thrust is the force that keep keeps the bird moving forward. Thrust is generated by powerful muscles in the bird’s chest and wings. The bird maintains control by constantly adjusting its flapping. Much of a bird’s control is generated by its tail. A successful flying machine needed to provide the same forces that a bird used, A successful flying machine needed to provide lift to overcome gravity, control to let the driver change direction. And thrust to make it move forward. And it needed to be light enough to stay in the air. Once inventors understood these three challenges separately, and stopped trying to flap,they made progress. One inventor was the Brazilian pilot and aviator Alberto Santos-Dumont. Santos-Dumont experimented with balloons. He flew his lighter-than-air flying machines in France. In 1901, Santos-Dumont was the first to fly from Sant Cloud to the Eiffel Tower and back in a given time. Meanwhile other inventors were working on heavier-than-air flying machines. With these aircraft, lift was a big problem. German flyer, Otto Lilienthal, tackled the problem of lift. He built many large gliders, constantly refining their design. Lilienthal made thousands of flights from the top of a hill. Some that lasted as long as five hours. But he eventually died in a tragic crash. Lilienthal successfully mastered the challenge of lift, but he did not master the challenge of control. The Wright Brothers were inspired by Lilienthal’s inventions. The Wright Brothers started to develop and test their own flying machines. In their Ohio workshop, they built a wind tunnel and study aerodynamics. Through trial and error, they discovered how the shapes of different wings affected lift. They added a tail that moved, a stabilizer that made the front steady, and wings that were more flexible. Their 1902 glider was the first aircraft that was completely controllable. The next year they added a customed-built engine that provided thrust. The engine powered them thforward and increased distance and duration. On December 17, 1903, after about 1000 text flights, the Wright Brothers flew the first powered airplane over the sand dunes of North Carolina. Santos-Dumont invented heavier-than-air planes, too. In 1909, he developed a monoplane called Demoiselle, or the Grass Hopper. It was the first modern aircraft. After that, advances in aircraft design came quickly. More powerful engines were invented. New lightweight materials were 13 / 26 developed so aircraft could go higher and faster. By World War Two, strong metal replaced the canvas and wood of earlier planes. In 1947, text pilot Chuck Yeager went faster than the speed of sound in a rocket-powered plane that looked like a bullet with wings. The invention of the jet engine made even higher speeds possible and pushed aircraft design in new directions. But technology doesn’t always push to go faster. With new ultra-light materials, the human-powered gossamer makes it almost possible for people to fulfill the age-old desire and fly like a bird. Listening in Passage1 Traditional jobs like the chimney sweeps and coal miners from our history lessons don't really exist anymore. During the 20th century the number of people working in agriculture and manufacturing decreased significantly. In contrast, the number of people doing office-based jobs has more than doubled from 18 percent of the working population in 1901, to over 40 percent by the end of the 20th century. Modern society has changed the way we work but these changes are not always positive. They can also create problems we may not be aware of. What does the modern office mean for the nation's health, for example? Well，firstly, office jobs are sedentary. We're sitting at our desks all day working on computers. And this means we're not exercising our bodies in the way people used to when they did more traditional jobs. It's not surprising then that we're all putting on weight .In fact, a fifth of adults over 16 were classified as over weight in 2001. But there are other less obvious dangers connected with office work. Repetitive strain injury, or RSI, another disorders like muscle strain, neck and backache are a growing problem. It's estimated that in 2002, over a million people suffered from these kinds of health problems. As a result, 123 million working days were lost. The cause is simple: long periods spent sitting at the computer typing and using a mouse. Many companies now employ ergonomic experts to ensure staff are sitting correctly at their computers and take frequent breaks from typing to try and prevent injury. Another problem of the modern office is the building itself. People tend to feel tired and irritable after a day stuck inside a modern office and often get colds and flu. This phenomenon is known as ―sick building syndrome" and it's caused by several factors. First of all, in many offices there is a lack of natural air and light. Secondly, within the enclosed space of an office environment, there is a high concentration of electronic devices. And as well as this, air-conditioning systems in large buildings recirculate the air around the office, carrying germs from workstation to workstation. Research suggests sick buildings syndrome can be found in roughly 30 percent of new or refurbished buildings. But there is some good news for office workers. A lot of companies are making efforts to improve office workplaces. They're installing better lighting and ventilation. They're increasing the number of plants. And they're encouraging employees to take regular breaks from their computers. So if anyone listening is in an office, take this simple advice: get up, have a stretch, open a window-if you can-and think of ways you can stay healthy in this most unnatural environment. Passage 2 Karen: Jim, you’ve been a farmer for a long time. Can you explain how farming methods have changed? Jim: Well, in the past, most agriculture was small-scale and labour-intensive, and on the whole worked in harmony with nature. But in the last 50 years, things have changed dramatically, particularly in the industrialized world. Now 41 percent of the world’s farmland is managed intensively. 14 / 26 Karen: And what does this mean in practice? Jim: You see, nowadays, most farms have high productivity which，in one sense, is a good thing. However, it can mean that vast areas are the farmed with the same crop. Hedgerows are removed and chemical pesticides and fertilizers used. This has a negative effect on the ecosystem and destroys other forms of natural vegetation and local wildlife. Karen: So do you think we are interfering too much with nature? Jim: Obviously farmers these days need to produce enough food at a reasonable price. But I think the problem is that modern agriculture encourages the use of a unlimited numbers of species of each crop. Some traditional varieties of apples or grains, for example, are becoming extinct. The new varieties of seed they sell need pesticides and fertilizers and aren’t as resilient to pests as many tradition varieties. And they don’t always produce higher yields for farmers. Karen: And how about wild life? Jim: Well, modern agriculture sometimes kills off wildlife which it also needs for its own survival. In order to bear fruit, 75 percent of flowering plants need to be pollinated. This is traditionally done by bees, butterflies and birds whose populations are actually declining Honey bees are essential for more than 90 commercially grown crops. Farmers in California, for example, now have to release millions of bees to pollinate their almond trees. Karen: So what in your opinion is the answer? Jim: Going back to more traditional ways of farming. Small-scales farms are producing a variety of crops and working with nature. Farmers can leave some land uncultivated to create ―wildlife corridors‖. This will provide a habitat for a variety of traditional plants as well as for the bees and insects needed to pollinate them. Another solution is planting indigenous， or local species. For example, in Africa researchers are encouraging farmers to plant a local wild species of mango that actually produces fruit in four years. Most cultivated varieties take 12 years. People are also starting seed banks to conserve local varieties of plants for the future. Karen: And is there anything ordinary people can do to help? Jim: Well, there are several practical things we can all do that will help, for example… UNIT5 INSIDE VIEW Conversaion1 A:I love Chinese,but is the food around here typical? J:Well,it depends what you mean by typical.This is mostly Cantonese food from the south,excepet for the roast duck,which is from Beijing.But it is different from the food where I come from in the northeast. A:And which is better? J:Er,well,in my opinion,I think~ Oh,look,here he comes.Hi,Tony. T:Hi,Li Hui,ni hao. J:Ni hao.Tony,this is Andy,my colleage. A/T:Hi. J:We were wondering if we could ask you some questions about life in Chinatown. A:I don’t know if Janet’s told you,but we are doing a series of reviews on ethnic restaurants here in 15 / 26 London for London Time Off. T:Ok,I see. A:And the thing is,everyone eats Chinese and Indian food,but we want to put a bit of background and history on the website.Are you up for this? T:Ok,fire away. A:What I suggest is,if you’ve got time,we will do some filming around here,and then we will put the research together back at thestudio. A:Janet,are you ready with the sound this time? J:Ok. A:Just remember to keep the needle out of the red zone.And don’t forget to stop us if there’s too much background noise. J:Ok,thanks. A:Tony,you work here in Chinatown.Do you live here as well? T:No,in fact,very few Chinese actually live in Chinatown. A:And in comparison with Chinatown in say,San Francisco or Sydney,is it larger or smaller? T:I would say it’s much smaller.Really.It’s only three or four streets. A:And the business here,is it mostly restaurant trade? T:Yes,as well as the supermarkets,which stock produce from China. Conversation2 A:So where do you call home? T:Like lots of people,my grandparents came from Hong Kong in the 1950’s.But I’m a British-born Chinese.So I guess this is home now. A:So how long has here been a Chinese community in London? T:For 200 years.When the Chinese first came to London,they arrived as sailors,so they lived in the East End by the Docks. A:And how did they make their living? T:restaurants mostly,but they were also famous for running laundries. A:And why did Chinesetown move over here? thT:At the start of the 20 century,some of them move to the West End,which is the entertainment district to open Chinese restaurants.And gradually,the Chinese from all over the London met friends and did business here. A:And does it still feel like a traditional Chinese community? T:Oh,sure.You saw the Chinese gateway and we celebrate Chinese New Year along with the Chinese all over the world. A:Thanks. T:You are welcome. A:How is it going,Janet? J:It’s fine,that’s about three minutes of material. A:Ok.Let’s wind it up.Tony,thank you very much,that was really interesting.Very grateful. T:No problem.Now,are you hungry?How about some dimsum and crispy roast duck? J:Sounds great.I’m starving,thanks. T:Don’t mention it.Let’s go back to my restaurant. A:Sure,I’m starving too.All this talk about food,thanks,Tony! T:You’re welcome! Outside view 16 / 26 Part 1 We're taking a walk along this peaceful, quiet beach .Just the place to relax .But out there, at other beaches around the world, that's another story. Let's take a look. These sea lions fight to defend their territory. During the mating season, these elephant seals show aggression to establish dominance. People fight to defend their territory. In some situations, we’re used to it. We even expect it. When you’re on a crowded street, or trying to get into a crowded bus, other people are going to start shoving. It’s not always pleasant, but it’s not surprising when it happens. But what about here, on this lovely beach? There’s plenty of room for everyone to sit comfortably, enjoy the sun, and look at the ocean. Let’s say you’re sitting on the beach, it’s not too crowded, and someone comes up and put their stuff right in front of you. What would you do? A:‖I’d be very angry and go over to them and tell them to move.‖ B:‖ Maybe throw a little sand in their face and make them to move, I don’t know.‖ C:‖ If someone came and sat down in front of me on the beach, I would probably move my towel next to them and start a conversation.‖ Now that’s take Jack out to the street. This is South beach in Miami. Getting a parking place in this neighbourhood can be really difficult. That’s because there’re too many cars and not enough space. And when space is limited, people can get a lot more aggressive. Our producer is parked here in this very desirable parking spot. She’s going to wait until someone wants her parking space. There’s a lot of traffic, so she won’t have to wait too long. Yes! There’s someone now. Part B A:‖ Leaving?‖ B:‖ Yeah, I’m leaving.‖ A:‖ Oh, great!‖ She pulls out, and the minute she pulls out, Jack pulls in. What do you think the driver will do? Drive away? Or stop and confront Jack? C:‖ Hey! Hey! Come on, pal! That’s my spot, my parking spot!‖ B:‖ Oh yeah? I didn’t see you in it. Well, looks like it’s my space now! Sorry!‖ C:‖ What’re you talking about , man ?You saw me, I was right there!‖ B:‖ You know, have you considered anger management counselling?‖ C:‖I was right there! What’re you talking about?‖ B:‖ Ah, it’s now time for the sunny tunes of South Florida.‖ C:‖I was right there. You saw me!‖ B:‖ What? I’m sorry I can’t hear what you’re saying.‖ C:‖ You saw me, come on! Do you like it when people do that crap to you?‖ B:‖ Great song, isn’t it, I love this song. Do you have a hearing problem? You scream a lot.‖ C:‖ No! You have… problem !‖ B:‖ Yeah. Whew!‖ If you’re waiting to pull into a parking space and someone else sneaks right into it, what would you do? D:‖I would beep my horn, I would roll down the window, and I would shout very rude things at them.‖ E:‖ I would yell out the window and tell them to move!‖ Aggression, it’s part of survival. Animals and humans need to be aggressive in order to survive. But how aggressive do we need to be? When do we fight? When do we give up and walk away? 17 / 26 Those are the decisions that we all make everyday. Listening in 1 Today we’ll focus on two aspects of group behaviour.Firstly,how groups develop,and secondly,the roles individuals play within a group.It’s widely acknowledged that the performance of effective groups is often greater than the sum of the individuals in the group.This is due to what we call synergy-in other words,the extra energy and effevtiveness that people create when they work together. Early research in this field carried out in the 1930s by Elton Mayo discovered something that he called the ―Hawthorne effect‖.The idea is that when individual know they are part of a study,their productivity automatically increases regardless of other factors,such as how much time or money they are given,for example.The research suggests that things like personal identity,self-esteem and the social context in which a group is working are really very important factors in improving the performance of individuals. If we move on to look at the nature of groups more closely,we find that groups have natural phasese that can help us understand their effectiveness.You have probably all had experience of working with other people in a group that,at firsl,wasn,t very productive.This phenomenon was studied by Tuckman in the 1960s,and he created a model to describe the stages of a group. The first stage is known as‖Forming‖which is when individual members get to know each other.This is followed by‖Storming‖when individual start to share their ideas and creative energy.The third phase is‖Norming‖where a group identity begins to form.The final stage is‖Performing‖when individuals within the group work together.And it is at this stage that the group achieves results.Understanding these phases can help us ensure that members of a group work together to overcome early loner. The‖Resource investigator‖is the group member who is always curious and explores new ideas and the‖Monitorevaluator‖is calm and serous and makes good,balanced decisions. The‖Team worker‖in contrast is a socially orientated and sensitive member of the team who is able to encourage a team spirit.And the‖Comleter-finisher‖is a conscientious perfectionist who follows through on the details and ties up and loose ends.To be effective,a team needs to have a variety of members who can fulfill all these different roles. Listening in 2 Today I'm reporting from Phuket in Southern Thailand.Parts of the island were devastated by the tsunami in 2004,and over 250 people lost their lives here. I've come back to see how one community has recovered. Here in the village of The Chat Chai,the rebuilding of the destroyed homes has been led by the international organazition Habitat for Humanity.About a year after the tsunami occurred,volunteers began building 36 new homes for local families. One villager,Somwang,is certainly very happy with the results.He used to live in a small hut on his two square metre plot of land near the sea.The local community wanted him to have a bigger home and despite the small size of his plot of land,they built him a three-storey house,which is now the tallest in the village. A happy ending to such a horrific tragedy. The rebuilding here has also had a positive effect on the local economy,because the earth bricks that were used to build the homes were produced in Khao Lak,another tsunami hit island——all part of a post-tsunami livelihood development project. Talking to people here,I've discovered that the project not only provided them with much needed shelter,but also the process has helped rebuild a spirit of community amongst them.A host of 18 / 26 foreign as well as local volunteers joined together to work in rebuilding the villagers' homes and lives,and even an American TV celebrity volunteered. The project has also been visited by former US president Jimmy Carter,who is an active supporter of Habitat for Humanity.He and his wife offer one week of their time every year to volunteer on construction projects around the world. It's certainly encouraging to see the strength of the human spirit and generosity of people who help others in times of need. Habitat for Humanity is continuing their work in the south of Thailand,helping poor local families and communities to improve their lives.Their "Save&Bulid" scheme encourages families to save 30 per cent of the cost of building or rebuilding their home.The charity then lends the family the rest of the money they need,and helps in the building of their new home.It's then paid for in monthly repayments of under ,30,which supports those who want to build a better life for themselves.This is Marianne Harper reporting from Southern Thailand... Unit 6 Inside View Conversation1 Janet:So tell me about Shakespeare's Gboble Theatre,Joe.It looks really old. Joe:In fact,it was only built in 1997,which was the home of Shakespeare's theatre company when he came to London in 1599. Janet:So what's the Globle made of? Joe:Well.the walls are made of wood,and it's got a thatched roof. Janet:Is that the kind of dried grass instead of tiles? Joe:That's right.In fact it's the first thatched building in London since the Great Fire of London in 1966. Janet:That's amazing. Joe:And inside it's just like the original stage.The audience stands in front of the stage. Janet:Are you serious?Aren't there any seats? Joe:Yes,there are some seats.but most people stand while they watch the play.So they get soaking wet when it rains.Actually the strangest thing is when you're watching Romeo and Juliet in 16th century Verona,and suddenly there's a plane passing over. Janet:that's extraoridnary! Joe:Yes,blows me away. Janet:And Andy tells me we've got a report to do on the summer season. Joe:Yes,that's right.During the winter,it's closed but in may the season starts again. Janet:When I think of Shakespeare.I usually think of Stratford-upon-Avon.Where is Stratford-upon-Avon? Joe:It's about 130 kilometres from London.Yes that's where he was born,and it's still the home of Royal Shakespeare Company.But I kind of see him as a London hero,because it's here that he became the greatest playwriter the world has ever known. Janet:You really think that? Joe:I sure do.Let's get back to the studio and edit this. Conversation2 Janet:So when was Shakespeare born? Joe:In 1564. Janet:And when did he die? 19 / 26 Joe:In 1616. Janet:And when did he come to London? Joe:We don't know exactly,but some time between 1585 and 1592. Janet:And what did he do in London? Joe:He joined a group of actors,and wrote some of his most famous plays.such as Hamlet,The Merchant of Venice.and Romeo and Juliet. Janet:So what happend to him later in his life? Joe:Well,in 1603.Queen Elizabeth died,and theatre became less popular.And then the Globe Theatre burned down Janet:And what was the last play he wrote? Joe:It was The Tempest-it's often thought that the character of Prospero.the magician,was based on himself. Janet:And does the Royal Shakespeare Company still perform plays in London. Joe:Both in Straford and London,and they also tour all over the country.I reckon there are about seven or eight Shakespeare plays on in the West End at the moment Janet:Why do you think he's still so popular? Joe:What I think is great about Shakespeare is that the plays make audiences think.And that makes the audience feel good. Janet:And is it the same in the States? Joe:Maybe not so much.But there's huge respect for Shakespeare's plays on Broadway.I suppose it's because he's still very relevant to audiences today. Janet:Joe,you know so much about Shakespeare!I'm really stunned! Well,I guess I've seen most of them at one time or another. Andy:Sorry I'm late. Joe:Better once than never,for never too late. Andy:What? Joe:Taming of the Shrew.Act 5 Scene1.Better late than never. Andy:Have you finished the edit?Let's upload it onto the website. Outside View Host: Three American cyclists who only have three real legs between them are cycling through Oxford on a trek from Scotland to Greece. The trio sponsored by Otto Bock USA all have prosthetic limbs and are hoping the challenge will raise awareness of the diversity of designs available. Six TV caught up with Mick Wright, Sedan Sherret and Brad Kennedy earlier on today. Cyclist: Yeah it's a little tough, I don’t like cycling. But you know, if we can, you know help somebody, motivate somebody to get back to an active lifestyle and put their mind to something good, it’s all worth it. Reporter: And so what's really the point of this trip? Cyclist: To raise awareness of the abilities of those with disabilities. If you’ve lost a limb doesn't mean you sit on a couch. You can still be active; you can lead a healthy lifestyle. And you can do challenges that you may have always wanted to do when you were fully healthy and with two legs. Reporter: And the trip is 2500 miles from Glasgow to Athens. How are you guys coping? Cycling: Oh, I think we're doing really well. We’re still in the, this is the first week of riding. We’re conditioning, we're getting used to the--，we've had spectacular weather, it’s been, I mean ,we got sunburnt in Scotland. It’s, we’re, we’re getting accustomed to life on the road and every day our pace is increasing and we're getting stronger. So I think it’s, it’s marvelous. 20 / 26 Reporter: And will you, when you get to Athens, what’s your plan there? Cyclist: Hopefully take a little time to rest, relax vacation a little bit, and maybe throw the bike in the ocean, just the good things in life. Reporter: And what's been the worst, most difficult thing you've come acrossed so far? Cyclist: We've had some very challenging weather and some challenging hills. But We’ve actually enjoyed all of it.It’s been difficult but I think all of the Riding has been good. Reporter: And how are the legs holding up? Cyclist: Oh great! Now we always say that our prosthetic limbs are the ones that are doing fabulous. It’s, it’s the, it’s the, as we refer to, the meat leg that, that might, might be a little weaker. But everybody's riding really strongly and they're just, just performing marvelously. Listening in Passage1 A US Airways jet landed in the icy Hudson River in New York this afternoon after apparently hitting a flock of geese.Miraculously,no one was killed and there were few injuries.James Moore,our correspondent at the scene,has more. An Airbus 330 took off from La Guardia Airport.New York,at 3:26pm this afternoon,bound for Charlotte Airport in North Carolina.It had 155 people aboard.Thirty to 45 seconds after take-off,a flock of geese apparently flew into the plane,causing it to lose power in both engines and one engine to catch fire.Without power the plane was unable to return to La Guardia Airport and the pilot decided to land in the Hudson River in order to avoid crashing in a populated area. Two minutes later the plane made a successful landing in the Hudson and passengers were able to climb out through the emergency exits. The plane immediately started taking in water but fortunately water taxis and boats that had seen the crash were waiting by the aircraft. Passengers and crew stood on the wings of the plane in the icy cold water and were helped into the boats.Over the next hour,as New York watched the event on television,everyone on the plane,including a baby,were taken to hospitals for treatment,mostly because of the extreme cold,Their injuries are not reported to be serious.One of the passengers,Alberto Panero,said people had bugun praying as the plane approached the river but that everyone had stayed clam. The pilot of the plane has been named as Chesley Sullenberger.Aged 57,he has 29 years experience of flying and at one time had been a US fighter pilot.Sullenberger was the last to leave the plane and walked up and down it twice to make sure it was empty before climbing out.He has already been described as a hero.The Governer of New York,David patersm,said at a news conference this afternoon,―I believe now we've had a miracle on the Hudson.This pilot,somehow without any engines,was somehaw able to land this plane and perhaps without any injuris to the passengers.‖ It is thought that the survival of all on board is because the plane did not break up when it hit water and because of the immediately arrival of the water taxis and boats. Passage 2 Streets Full of Heroes A:Hi,we are asking people who their personal hero is. Someone they really admire and who’s inspired them in some way. B:Oh,right.Interesting. A:Can you tell us a bit about yourself? B:Sure.My name is Paul Smith. I worked at London zoo. 21 / 26 A:London zoo? Really? B:Yes,I’m a zoo keeper. I look after the elephants. A:Elephants?what a great job! So who is your hero, Paul? B:I’ve got quite a few heroes. But I guess my biggest hero is Al Gore. A:The American politician. So why him? B:Well,he is the guy who made people take climate change seriously. A:You are referring to the film An Inconvenient Truth, I take it? that B:That’s right. That film proved to people with statistics and graphs, that kind of thing---climate change was happening and that it’s man-made. Before that ,most people believed it was just a few crazy scientists who thought it was happening. A:You work with animals. Do you worry about the effect of the climate on animals? B:Sure，I do. All these species are going to become extinct. It’s terrible. A:It is. Would you say Al Gore’s been an inspiration to you? B:Yes,I would. He’s taught me about importance of taking action when you see something that needs to be done. I do volunteer work for Greenpeace---quite a lot actually. That’s the way I do my bit. A:Greenpeace?Excellent.Thanks,Paul.Hi,what’s your name? C:Clare hope. A:What do you do? C:Well,I’m a mum with two young kids and I work part-time as an accountant for the Red Cross. A:We’re asking people who their personal hero is and if they’ve inspired them in any way. C:That’s an easy one. Melinda Gates, she’s my hero. A:Why is that? C:Well,she is Bill Gates’ wife, one of the richest people in the world. You know ,she could so easily do nothing, just enjoy her money. And instead she co-founded the um… Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and I think that it’s called---and it is one of the biggest private charity organization in the world. It’s donated more than 280 million dollars to various good causes. A:More than 280 million dollars? Now that’s a lot of money. She is very active in it, isn't she? C:Oh yeah, she is a director. Flies all over the world. A:Do you do any work for charity? C:I make phone calls for Save the Children, asking people to donate. She is a real inspiration, Melinda gates。 Unit 8 Inside view Part 1 Janet:So do you come here often,Joe? Joe:Yes,most weekends.It’s the kind of thing a lot of Londoners do when they’ve got some time off. Janet:So do you feel like a Londoner,Joe? Joe:Yes,I think so.You don’t have to be born a Londoner to feel like one. Janet:Is it only open on Saturday? Andy:It’s open all week,but there are a lot more stalls open from Friday to Sunday. Janet:What time does it open? Joe:It’s open between 10 a.m. and 6 p.m. Janet:6 o’clock.That’s quite early! 22 / 26 Joe:Well,after six,everyone goes out to the pubs and restaurants and the clubs.So it gets pretty lively in the evening.It’s a very trendy kind of place. Janet:And it’s got clothes and jewelley and… Andy:They sell pretty well everything here. Janet:It’s very colourful.Is it a special occasion? Joe:No,just an ordinary weekend.But it’s true that on holiday weekends,it gets very busy. Andy:And all around here there are movie houses and clubs,and all sorts of cool places to hang out.That’s the Electric Ballroom down there… Janet:What’s that? Andy:It’s one of the great clubs in London,all sorts of bands have played there. Janet:I’ve never been to a club.It must be fun. Andy:OK,are you busy tonight? Janet:Er,why do you ask? Andy:Maybe we could go there?Have you any plans? Janet:I’d love to,but I’m afraid I… Andy:OK,no problem.Maybe some other time. Part 2 Janet:People always seem to be having fun in London!Camden Mrket was great! Joe:Great for shopping! Andy:Well,there are lots and lots of festivals of film and music.And there are also quite a few street festivals,lik the Notting Hill Carnival. Janet:OK,and what happens? Andy:I’ll show you some footage from last year. Notting Hill is a district of London,and it has a large West Indian community.So at Carnival,the kids and adults go on a parade through th streets,wearing these amazing costumes and dancing to llive Caribbean music. Joe:And there’s lots of street food,and music and parties going on along the Carnival route.Yes,it is great fun. Janet:And does everyone in London go to watch ? Joe: Well,it attracts about two million people a year. Janet:Wow!And when does it happen? Andy:It takes place at the end of August,although the usual time fo Carnival for the rest of the world is February. Janet:What does Carnival mean? Joe:It’s a festival which takes place in many Catholic countries 40 days before Easter,after which everyone is meant to eat and drink only mederately.And the Carnival in Rio de Janeiro in Brazil is probably the best-known,but ther are also carnivals in other cities. Janet:But then why is the Notting Hill Carnival in August? Joe:Beacause for the rest of the year, the whether is awful.Anyway,we’d better be going now,Janet. Janet:Oh,yes. Andy:Go where? Joe:I invited Janet to a jazz concert this evening.It starts in half an hour. Janet: Bye Andy.Take care! Andy:Bye Janet,look after yourself. 23 / 26 Cross-cultural Awareness Holidays and Customs This week ,on Cross-cultural Awarenes ,Holidays and Customs in Asia we meet some international students who are attending school in California. Many students here are Asian.Asian celebrate a lunar New Year ,so the exact date changes every year .New Year is the biggest holiday in Asia cultures. The holidays lasts for 15 days and ends with a lantern festival on the full moon. This woman used to live in Vietnam.Shenow lives in California."wo go by the lunar calendar and urn， our New Year is usually in the springtime.Our ,the calendar here in American ,so we so， celebrate it in February -Marchish.That's probably one of my favorite Vietnamese holidays"Asians usually celebrate this holiday by lighting off firecrackers to send out the old year and to welcome the new year.They usually don't wash their hair on New Year's .Washing hair washes away good luck for the coming year.This woman used to live in Shanghai,China.She remembers a tradition that brings good luck and wealth to children."One special custom for Chinese New Year,is that parents give their children red envelops of money" Red is an important color because it means happiness.People use red paper to write special messages of happiness like this one "May the Star of Happiness,the Star of Wealth,the Star of Longevity shine on you!"Asians observe many special customs at the New Year's.They spend several days before the holiday cleaning the house completely and decorating the house with flowers and plants.Flower arrangements often including pine branches ,bamboo and blossoms.Blooming flowers are placed around the home .Flowers are important because flowers will turn into friut.Friuts with special meanings are served during New Year's.Oranges and tangerines symbolize happiness,coconuts represent togetherness and lychee nuts represent strong family relationship.Other foods have special meanings too,A whole fish represents togetherness and bamboo shoots mean happiness to everyone.Noodles represent long life . Asians don't cut noodles ,this is considered unlucky.Tofu is one food that Asians never eat during this holidays.Tofu is unlucky because it is white.In Asian cultures,the color white signifies death,Meals during New Year's are very important in Asia,But,there are special rituals and customs during mealtimes all year long .The Chinese are gracious hosts.For the most part,Chinese people are very like,urn ,they're very generous like they always insist on hosting and they would never serve themselves food before other people,like ,if you are sitting at a table ,they'd divvy it out,urn,you'll always pourtea for other people before yourself."In south Korea ,there are a little different."South Korea has a custom of eating together urn in,in a family setting with ,there's a base soup and all these side dishes and the family eats together.Um,I think in American you get your own plate and you kind of share the dishes but, urn, in Korea you kind of dig in together " We asked these Asian students if there are American customs that they don't like In general ,Asian students felt that Americans don't show enough respect for their elders." It does bother me sometimes the way I see, urn, more American kids speak to their, um ,how they address their their parents in public And I ,I really respect the fact that in Vietnam wo hold it so high ,um, the elders and how the younger generation treats them。‖And then ,we asked Asian students what customs they like here in the United States ,"I think the custom of Thanksgiving because,um,we don't have that in Korea and Thankgiving is a good ,you know great holiday, to give thanks for your family and frrends and all you have. Listening In Part I A:What's this you're making jack, a dummy? C:It's called a guy. 24 / 26 B:Yes we're finishing it now, we've stuffed old clothes with newspapers, haven't we jack? C:Yes it is really cool. A:But what's it for? Some kinds of game for jack? B:Kind of, it's Guy Fawkes night tomorrow. Actually, the proper name is Bonfire Night. A:Oh, yeah the firework celebration! So, you're making a guy and it's Guy Fawkes Night tomorrow, Jack. What are you going to do with this guy. B:We're going to put him on the bonfire and burn him. Aren't we Jack? I'm going to have lots of fireworks and eat sausages and baked potatoes round the bonfire. C:Yes we are. Lots of sausages. A:So what's the story? B:Do you want to hear it? A:Sure! thB:Well, sometimes right at the start of the 17 century, I thinks it was 1605, something like that. When James First was the king of England, there was a plot to blow up Parliament. A:A plot to blow up Parliament? Wow! Sounds very modern! B:It does, doesn't it? Anyway, this group of people tried to blow up Parliament with the king and all his family and most of the aristocracy inside. A:That was quite a plan. B:Yes, Guy Fawkes was one of the plotters, but wasn't the leader. A:He wasn't? B:No. I think he was involved because he knew a lot of the explosives. Anyway, these plotter hit the explosives in the cellar beneath Parliament. And Fawkes, Guy Fawkes, was caught just as he was trying to light the explosives. A:So, if the king's men had arrived a few minutes later, Parliament would have blown up? B:No, because the king's men had already found the explosives and were just waiting to catch the plotters, which they did. A:Uh, what happened to the plotters? thB:They were killed. And November the 5 , which was the day they were caught has been celebrated ever since. There's a great rhyme about it, isn't it, Jack? Remember, remember, can you say it? C:Remember, remember, the fifth of November. Gunpowder, treason and plot. I see no reason, why gunpowder treason. Should ever be forgot. thB:Very good! So every November 5 people started building bonfires and making dummies of Guy Fawkes. And everyone loves it, actually. It's a great excuse for a firework display. Presenter: Well,we've only got 15 hours to go to Christmas and people are frantically rushing around buying last-minute Christmas prensent.But how do people really think about these big festivals? Do we actuallyenjoy them ?Bella,you 're psychologist.How do you feel about Christmas? Bella: I have mixed feelings about it.It's basically a religous festival.but I'm not a religous person .So it dosen't have that kind of meaning to me .And these days,I think for many people it's primarily a reason for families to get together,eat a lot of good food and give each other presents. Presenter: That's a good enough reason,isn't it? Bella: Oh,absolutely.It's very important for families to have a special meal together and for people to show their love each other.And children love it,the excitement of thinking that Father Christmas will come down the chimney and leave them presents.But at the same time,I 25 / 26 worry about its commercialization. Presenter: Ted,you're American,a jounalist.What's your attitude to Thanksgiving? Ted: I love it,and almost all Americans do I think.It's Amerians' favourite holiday-takes place on the fourth thursday in November. Presenter: So it's a moveable feast?I didn't know that. Ted: It is.Everyone comes home and as its name suggests.It's a time to give thanks for everything we have . Presenter: What do you eat? Ted: Traditionally,we eat turkey,sweet potatoes and pumpkin.It's a huge meal-in a way,the festival is the meal. Presenter: Is it as commercialized as Christmas? Ted: Probably.But you know for many people,it's a very happy occasion.And one important thing we do at thanksgiving is we collect food for people who have very little. Presenter: Admirable!Douglas,as a Scot,what's the most importent festival of the year for you? Douglas: Hogmanay,of course. Presenter: It's acyually more important than Christmas? Douglas: Now,that's an English person speaking.I'm Sots and Hogmanay is the most important festival of the year for us.It's on December 31st. Obviously,it's New rdYear's Eve.But it can continue until the 2nd or 3 of Junaury.It's a big party really,an excuse to eat and drink I think.But it's a very old tradition.Christmas and Hogmanay are both examples of winter solslitic festival-the shortest day of the year.I'd imagine that every culture has always celebrated it in some forms or other. Presenter: I think many festivals were originally connected with seasons. Douglas: Absolutely!For example... 26 / 26