ASTM D 445-01 透明与不透明液体运动粘度的测试方法-中文

ASTM D 445-01 透明与不透明液体运动粘度的测试方法-中文 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 号:D445-01 透明与不透明液体运动粘度的测试方法(动态粘度的计算) 标准号:D445-01 透明与不透明液体运动粘度的测试方法 (动态粘度的计算) 1. 适用范围 1.1本方法给出了测定一定体积透明与不透明的液体石油产品在重力作用下通过标定好的毛细管粘度计的时间来确定其动态粘度υ的测定步骤。动力粘度η可由液体的动态粘度υ、密度ρ的乘积来确定。 注1:运动粘度和沥青粘度的计算也可参见测定方法D2170,D2171 1.2本方法的测定结果决定于样品的流动行为，主要适用于剪切力与剪切速度成比例的液体(即牛顿流体)。但是，如果粘度随剪切速度有显著的变化，则不同的毛细管粘度计直径，可能得到不同的测定结果。在某些条件下表现为非牛顿体的剩余燃料油的测定步骤及精度也被包含在方法中。 221.3本方法可测动态粘度范围包括在所有温度下(见6.3与6.4)从0.2mm/s到300 000mm/s(见表A1.1)的粘度值。在本方法中只测定了精密度章节的脚注中所指定的 材料 关于××同志的政审材料调查表环保先进个人材料国家普通话测试材料农民专业合作社注销四查四问剖析材料 、运动粘度范围和温度的精密度。 1.4用国际单位制表述的数值将被视为标准。 1.5本标准并未对相关的所有的安全问题都提出建议。因此，在使用本标准之前应建立相应的安全和健康防护措施并制定出相关 制度 关于办公室下班关闭电源制度矿山事故隐患举报和奖励制度制度下载人事管理制度doc盘点制度下载 及适用范围。 2. 参考文献 2.1 ASTM标准: D446玻璃毛细管运动粘度计的规格和使用说明 D1193试剂水的规格 D1217用Bingham比重瓶测定液体密度和相对密度(比重)的标准方法 D1480用Bingham比重瓶测定粘性材料密度和相对密度(比重)的标准方法 D1481用 Lipkin Bicapillary比重瓶测定粘性材料密度和相对密度(比重)的标准方法 D2170测沥青运动粘度的标准方法(沥青) D2171用真空毛细管粘度计测沥青粘度的标准方法 D6074烃类润滑原油的特性指导 E1ASTM中温度计的规格 E77 温度计的检验与确认测定方法 2.2 ISO标准: ISO指导25:对校准和测试实验室的基本要求 ISO3104 石油产品:透明与不透明液体:运动粘度的测定和动力粘度的计算 ISO 3105玻璃毛细管运动粘度计:规格与使用说明 ISO 3696 分析 定性数据统计分析pdf销售业绩分析模板建筑结构震害分析销售进度分析表京东商城竞争战略分析 实验室的使用水:规格与测定方法 ISO 9000 质量管理与质量保证标准:选择与使用指导 3. 术语 3.1本标准的术语定义分类如下: 3.1.1自动粘度计，n:在10或11中描述了，在不改变测定原理或基本人工仪器测定技术的情况下，全部或部分地实现程序的自动化的装置。尺度、配置与操作特性等仪器的基本部件不变。自动操作仪器所测的结果不要求进行修正就可以带入手动操作中相互应用。仪器的精 1 标准号:D445-01 透明与不透明液体运动粘度的测试方法(动态粘度的计算) 密度等于或高于人工操作的精密度(相对比较稳定)。 3.1.1.1讨论:自动粘度计可以模仿测定方法中的某些步骤，从而可以减少或排除人工操作时的干预。通过物理技术测定运动粘度的仪器与本试验中所用的仪器不同。它们不被视为自动粘度计。 3.1.2密度，n:单位体积的物质在给定温度下的质量。 3.1.3动态粘度，n:液体合适的剪切力与剪切速率的比。 3.1.3.1讨论:通常叫做动态粘度系数，或简称粘度。因此动态粘度是流动阻力或液体形变阻力的量度。 3.1.3.2讨论:术语动态粘度也可应用于其他内容，用以表示频率，根据不同的质量，剪切力与剪切速度在此有正弦关系的。 3.1.4运动粘度，n:重力作用下的流体阻力。 3.1.4.1讨论:在给定的液压压头的重力流动中，流体的压位差与其密度ρ成比例。对于任何特定的粘度计，给定体积的流体的流动时间与其运动粘度υ成比例，为 υ=η/ρ，其中η为动态粘度系数。 4. 试验方法概要 4.1用可重复使用的驱动头，驱动一定体积的流体使其在重力作用下，流过已校准的毛细管粘度计，严格控制其给定的温度，测定流经时间。运动粘度是由测定的流动时间和粘度计的校准常数的乘积得到的。 5. 用途及重要性 5.1许多石油产品和一些非石油材料被用做润滑剂。仪器的正确操作依赖于所使用的流体粘度是否合适。另外，许多石油燃料的粘度对其合理储藏、处理和试验条件的确定有重要意义。因此，精确测定其粘度对于许多产品的规格来说是必须的。 6. 仪器设备 6.1粘度计:只能使用经校准的玻璃毛细管粘度计。尽可能测定在精密度一章中有规定精密度范围的运动粘度。 6.1.1粘度计列于表A1.1。它们的规格合乎规格D446与ISO 3105的规格。不要把测定方法限制在只能使用表A1.1所列的仪器的范围之内。附录A1给出了更深入的指导。 6.1.2自动粘度计:自动仪器可以被用于模仿人工操作时的物理条件，操作及其步骤合并入自动操作装置中的粘度计、测温装置、温度控制装置、控温水浴、计时装置等都要与本方法中6规定的单独件的规格一致。自动仪器要能够测定8.2.1中所述的已鉴定的参比材料。 6.2粘度计固定装置要使所有粘度计在各个方向上观察都是上凹液面悬在下凹液面正上方1º以内。而所有的粘度计本省从各个方向上观察都是上上凹液面悬在下凹液面正上方0.3º以内(参见规定D446及ISO3105)。 6.2.1粘度计在恒温水浴上的安装应与在鉴定证 书 关于书的成语关于读书的排比句社区图书漂流公约怎么写关于读书的小报汉书pdf 中规定的校准和操作方式一致。参见规定D446,参见附件A1,A2,A3中的操作说明。这些有L管的粘度计必须垂直固定，竖向定线被确定可使用以下几种方法:1。一个可是L管垂直的固定架;2被设计安装在L管上的水平液泡;3。悬在L管中间的铅垂线;4。其他恒温水浴中内在的固定方式。 6.3控温水浴:在测定过程中，用足够深度的透明液体浴，将装有样品的粘度计全部浸入水浴中。测定过程中保证粘度计中的样品始终在水浴中液面至少20mm以下，同时距水浴底至少20mm。 6.3.1温度控制:每组流动时间的测定，水浴中流体的温度应控制在15?到100?之间。恒 2 标准号:D445-01 透明与不透明液体运动粘度的测试方法(动态粘度的计算) 温浴中在沿着粘度计方向上的温度，两个粘度计之间的温度，或水浴本身的温度计的温度与设定的温度差不超过0.02?。对于超出这个范围的温度，其与所需温度的偏差不能超过?0.05?。 6.4在0?至100?的温度测定装置:可以使用校准过的偏差在?0.02?的液体-玻璃管温度计(附录A2)，或其它有相同甚至更高精确度的测温装置。 6.4.1如果使用校准过的液体-玻璃管温度计，建议使用两个温度计。两个温度计的偏差将在0.04?的范围以内。 6.4.2在0?至100?的温度范围之外，可以使用经校准后精确度偏差在?0.05?或更好的液体-玻璃管温度计，或者是使用其它更高精确度的温度测定装置。当一个水浴中使用两个温度测定装置时，它们的偏差应在?0.1?的范围之内。 6.4.3当使用液体-玻璃管温度计时，如表A2.2所列，使用放大装置来读数，读到刻度的1/5(例如，0.01?或0.02?)以保证要求的测定温度与温度控制能力相符(见9.1)。建议定期记录温度计读数(以及温度计校正书上的修正值)用以证明温度计与方法要求的温度计符合。这些数据很有用，特别是在与精确度和精密度相关的原因调查中。 6.5计时装置:可以使用任何能精确到0.1s或者更精确时间，且测定间隔在200s到900s范围内时读数精确度在?0.07%(见附录A3)的计时装置。 6.5.1如果电流频率控制在精确度0.05%或者更高，可以使用电子计时装置。作为公共电力系统提供的交流电，一般周期性控制多于持续控制。因此在开启电子计时器时，这样的控制会在动态粘度流动时间的测定上产生大的错误。 7. 试剂和材料 7.1铬酸洗液或不含三价铬的强氧化性酸洗液。(注意:铬酸对健康有害。它有毒，是致癌物质，有很强的腐蚀性，而且与有机物接触很危险。如果使用铬酸，戴好防护面具和足够长的防护服，包括合适的防护手套。避免吸入铬酸蒸气。由于使用后的铬酸也有毒性，要小心处理使用过的铬酸。不含三价铬的强氧化性酸洗液也有很强的腐蚀性，而且与有机物接触也很危险。但是由于这种洗液不含铬，因此有其特殊的处理方法。) 7.2样品溶剂，与样品完全相溶。使用前要过滤。 7.2.1对于大多数样品来说，挥发性汽油或石脑油即可。对于剩余燃料，可能需要用芳香族溶剂如甲苯或二甲苯预先洗涤以除去沥青物质。 7.3干燥剂，易与样品溶剂(见7.2)和水(见7.4)混合的挥发性干燥剂。使用之前要过滤。 7.3.1丙酮即可。 7.4水，去离子水或蒸馏水，并且要达到规格D1193或ISO 3696中三级水的标准。使用之前要过滤。 8. 校准与修订 8.1粘度计:只能使用第6章所述校准过的粘度计、温度计和计时器。 8.2经鉴定的粘度参考标准(表A1.2):这些用作实验室操作步骤的验证。 8.2.1如果测定得出的动态粘度不在校正值?0.35%的误差范围之内，重新检查操作中的每一步，包括温度计与粘度计的校准，以定位错误来源。附录A1给出了详细地执行标准。 8.2.2最常见的错误是由于灰尘颗粒留在毛细管孔内以及温度测定错误。我们必须明确的是:从标准油中获得的正确测定结果也不排除有各种错误的可能性。只不过这些错误正好相互抵消了。 8.3校准常数C由校准所在地的重力加速度决定。因此，必须提供标准化实验室与稳定仪器。当所测的重力加速度g与标准实验室的重力加速度的差别超过0.1%时，按如下方式进行校 3 标准号:D445-01 透明与不透明液体运动粘度的测试方法(动态粘度的计算) 正: C=(g/g)•C (1) 2211 下标1、2分别表示标准化实验室和测定实验室。 9. 测定运动粘度的主要步骤 9.1调节粘度计恒温浴的到所要求的温度并维持，这个温度要在6.3.1给出的范围之内。这个范围考虑了附录A2中给定的条件以及温度计修校正书上给出的修正值。 1温度计垂直放置，且必须放置在与其校正时相同的浸没环境中。 9.1.2为了得到最可靠的温度测定数据，建议使用校准有效的两个温度计(见6.4)。 9.1.3应使用约五倍的放大镜观察，以消除视觉误差。 9.2选用洁净、干燥并且经校准的量程足够的粘度计(也就是说，有足够粗的毛细管经一是应比较粘的液体，和比较细的管径以适应流动性较好的液体。)流动时间不应少于200s或在D446中所列的更长的时间规定。 1试验的具体细节根据表A1.1中所列的粘度计类型的不同而不同。规格D446给出了不同粘度计的使用说明。 9.2.2当测试温度低于露点时，粘度计按10.1中所述要求填充样品。为了保证蒸汽不在器壁上浓缩或结冰，将测试部分放入工作的毛细管和计时的球形管中，塞上橡胶塞，使测试的部分固定在适当的位置。将粘度计插入恒温浴中。插入之后，等粘度计的温度达到恒温浴的温度，取下橡胶塞。当进行手动粘度测定时，为了控制样品的温度，不要使用不能从恒温浴中取出来的粘度计。 9.2.2.1允许在粘度计开口端松松的安装干燥管，但不是必需的。如果使用，干燥管的规格应与粘度计的设计相符合，且不能因为装置产生的压力影响样品的流动。 9.2.3用于测定硅树脂流体、炭氟化合物以及其它难于用清洗剂清除的流体的粘度计，除校准时使用其他液体外，都是仅供一种液体固定使用的。这样的粘度计要定期进行校准。清洗这些粘度计的清洗液不能用来清洗其他粘度计。 10. 测定透明流体的主要步骤 10.1根据仪器设计中要求的方式填充样品。这个填装样品的操作必须与仪器在校准时的填装方式一致。如果样品含有固体颗粒，在填装时用(75)滤网过滤(见规格D446)。如果认为或已知样品中含有纤维或固体颗粒，在填装之前或填装时用75µm滤网过滤(见规格D446)。 注2:为了消除可能存在的穿过过滤聚集而成的颗粒，建议过滤与填装之间的时间间隔保持在最小。 10.1.1总之，测定透明流体粘度的粘度计型号列于表 A1.1，A和B。 10.1.2对一些呈现凝胶状态的产品，应该在足够使这些材料自由流动的温度下仔细操作，测其时间，从而得到通过不同直径的粘度计的几组相近值。 10.1.3让填装的粘度计留在恒温浴中足够的时间，使其达到测定温度。当于恒温浴中同时放置了几个粘度计时，不得在其它粘度计正在测定流动时间时加入或取出其它的粘度计。 10.1.4由于这个时间根据不同仪器，不同温度，不同粘度计而变化，因此需要根据实验建立安全的平衡时间。 10.1.4.1除了极高粘度的样品，30min的时间足够测定。 10.1.5当样品达到平衡温度时，调节样品体积，使之达到设计的刻度。 10.2若在粘度计操作说明中未标出其它特定值，用吸(如果样品不含挥发性成分)或压的方式来调节样品柱头，使它在毛细管中的位置在第一次测时标记的上方7mm处。随着样品的自由流动，测定流动时间，精确到0.1s。要求样品的凹液面通过第一次和第二测时标记。如 4 标准号:D445-01 透明与不透明液体运动粘度的测试方法(动态粘度的计算) 果流动时间小于规定的最小值(见9.2)，选择更小直径的粘度计进行重复测定。 10.2.1重复10.2所述流程，记录第二个流动时间的数据。将两次的测定结果都记录下来。 10.2.2如果对于产品来说，两次由流动时间计算出来的动态粘度与精确度中的数据(见16.1)相符合，计算两次测定的平均值，并计算出结果，出报告，并记录结果。如果动态粘度的测定结果与精确度中要求的数据不相符，在彻底清洗和干燥粘度计，过滤样品之后(见10.4要求)重复测定流动时间。如果材料或温度，或两者，不在表16.1所列之内，对于温度在15?到100?的范围内的样品，用精确度所要求的值的0.20%估算，如果温度超出这个范围，用精确度所要求的值的0.35%。 11. 测定不透明液体的主要流程 11.1对于蒸汽精制汽缸油与黑润滑油，进行11.3的操作，保证使用完全有代表性的样品。剩余燃料油与类似石蜡产品的动态粘度受到前处理步骤中残余热量的影响，以11.1.1-11.2.2的步骤操作，可以减小这种影响。 11.1.1总之，测定不透明流体的粘度计属于回流型粘度计，如表A1.1C所列。 11.1.2将盛有样品的原容器放在烘箱中加热 1小时，到60?2?。 11.1.3用可接触容器底部长度的玻璃棒充分搅拌样品，直到没有沉淀或石蜡粘在棒上。 11.1.4再次盖紧容器盖，剧烈振荡1min使充分混匀。 11.1.4.1对于含蜡或油的运动黏度高的样品可能需要将温度升至60?以上，来使样品混匀。样品应该有足够的流动性，使它易于搅拌和振荡。 11.2做完11.1.4之后，向100mL玻璃烧瓶中倒入足够装两个粘度计的样品的量，轻加瓶塞。11.2.1将烧瓶浸入沸水浴30min(注意:不透明流体中含水量高时，其中水分加热到高温时会暴沸。因此，操作要小心)。11.2.2将烧瓶从水浴中取出，塞紧瓶塞，摇动60s。 11.3按仪器设计的要求填装两个毛细管粘度计。例如:测不透明液体的十字臂粘度计或BS U型管粘度计，在放入恒温浴之前，将样品通过一个75µm的滤网过滤入粘度计中。 11.3.1填装完样品的粘度计在被放入恒温浴之前，要先于装样之前将样品在烘箱中预热，这样可以保证样品不会被冷却到测试温度以下。 11.3.2放入恒温浴10分钟后，调整样品体积(根据粘度计设计要求)，使其与粘度计规格(参见规则D446)中灌注记号一致。 11.3.3让填充完样品的粘度计在恒温浴中放置足够长的时间以达到测定的温度(11.3.1) 当一个恒温浴被用来放置多个粘度计时，在任何一个粘度计测定流动时间的过程中，一定不要在恒温浴中添加或取出粘度计。 11.4当样品自由流动时，用秒表测定时间，精确到0.1秒。计时要求从凹液面接触到第一个计时标记处到达第二个计时标记处。记录数据。 11.4.1在样品需要如11.1中所述的加热处理时，按11.2.1的处理步骤操作，并在1小时内完成11.2.2的流动时间的测定，记录测得的流动时间。 211.5根据每次测的时间计算动态粘度υ，单位mm/s 11.5.1对于剩余燃料油，如果两次测定的动态粘度值在精确度规定的范围内，用这两个值的平均值计算结果，给出报告，并记录结果。如果计算出的动态粘度值部在要求的范围内，彻底清洗饼干燥粘度计后，过滤样品，并重新测定流动时间。如果材料或温度，或两者，不在表16.1所列之内，对于温度在15?到100?的范围内的样品，用精确度所要求的值的0.20%估算，如果温度超出这个范围，用精确度所要求的值的0.35%。 12. 粘度计的清洗 12.1在动态粘度的连续测定中，每次测定后，粘度计要用相同试剂清洗几次，然后用干燥剂 5 标准号:D445-01 透明与不透明液体运动粘度的测试方法(动态粘度的计算) 清洗(见7.3)。将被过滤的干燥空气缓慢通过粘度计来干燥其管道2min，或直到清洗剂挥发完全。 12.2定期用清洗液清洗粘度计(注意事项，见7.3)几个小时以消除有机沉淀的残留痕迹。再用清水(见7.4)和干燥剂(见7.3)彻底清洗，之后使通过干燥空气或真空管。在使用酸性清洗液之前，尤其是怀疑有钡盐存在时，要用盐酸处理液去除所有的无机沉淀物。(注意:碱性清洗业的使用可导致粘度计的校准值发生变化) 13. 计算 13.11通过测得的流动时间t，和粘度计常数C，用下面的公式计算动态粘度: 式中: υ=C•t (2) 2υ=运动粘度 mm/s t=平均流动时间 s 2C=粘度计校准常数 (mm/s)s 13.2通过如下方程由已计算出来的动态粘度υ，密度ρ，来计算动力粘度η: -3 η=υ?η?10(3) 式中: η=动态粘度 mPa•s 3ρ=测定运动粘度时相同温度下的密度 kg/m 2υ=运动粘度 mm/s 测定运动粘度13.2.1样品的密度可用适当的方法(如测定方法D1217,D1480或D1481)在与相同的温度下测得。 14. 结果表述 14.1报告主要涉及运动粘度或动态粘度，或两者，取四个有效数字。并且给出测定的温度值。 15. 报告 15.1报告中应包含如下信息: 15.1.1所测定产品的类别和标识 15.1.2列出所涉及的参考文件和有关的国际标准 15.1.3测定结果(见第14部分) 15.1.4不管是否双方同意，所有的流程上的变动都必须在报告中说明 15.1.5测定日期 15.1.6实验室的名称和地址 16. 精密度及偏差 16.1可确定性(d):一系列由同一实验室的同一操作者使用相同的仪器持续所作的操作，最后得到的一个结果，在正常测定方法、正确的使用条件下，只有1/20的几率超出下列值的范围。 16.2 重复性(r)——由同一实验人员在同一实验室，用同种仪器在不变的操作条件下，用 该方法测试同种物质，长时间通过对比试验，差值只有1/20的超过了下述数值。 16.3重现性(R)——由不同实验人员在不同实验室，用同种仪器在不变的操作条件下，用 该方法测试同种物质，长时间通过对比试验，差值只有1/20的超过了下述数值。 16.4 没有测定废油的精度，但预期应比合成油低。由于废油具有很强的变化性，所以测不 6 标准号:D445-01 透明与不透明液体运动粘度的测试方法(动态粘度的计算) 出废油的精度。 16.5 没有确定自动粘度计的精度，但是分析了温度介于40,100?范围的自动与手动粘度计 的大量数据。自动粘度计的数据的重现性和手动粘度计数据的重现性没有显著的差异， 这也表明与手动粘度数据和自动粘度数据没有偏差。 17( 关键词 17.1运动粘度，动态粘度，粘度计，粘度 附件 (强制信息) A1.粘度计类型，校准与核对 A1.1 粘度计类型 A1.1.1表A1.1列出了在石油产品粘度测定普遍使用的毛细管粘度计。对于具体操作说明，见D446。 A1.2 校准 A1.2.1按照国家标准校准标准粘度计、校准工作标准粘度计。用于分析的粘度计，应该按工作标准粘度计或校准粘度计校准后使用，或按D446或ISO3105条款操作，粘度计常数精确至数据的0.1%。 A1.3核对 A1.3.1粘度计常数应按A1.2步骤核对，或采用方便的方法，用已知粘度的油来检验。 A1.3.2这些油能用来确认实验室操作程序，如果测量结果没有在认证值的?0.35,之内，应重新检查温度计，计时器，粘度计的校准等操作步骤，找出误差原因。应该认识到从被鉴定的油样中得到的正确的结果并不排除可能的误差源相抵衡结合的可能性。 A1.3.2.1一系列标准油样的粘度已经商业化了，每一油样均有经多次测试得到的鉴定值。表1.2给出了油样的标准范围，同时还有在一系列温度下的大致粘度。 A2 动态粘度测试用粘度计 A2.1 短量程专用温度计 A2.1.1使用符合表A2.1，A2.2和图A2.1设计之一的一般特定化的短量程专用温度计。 A2.1.2这些设计的不同在于冰点刻度的位置。设计A的冰点在刻度范围内，设计B冰点在 刻度范围以下，设计C冰点在刻度范围以上。 A2.2 校准 A2.2.1使用校正后精度为0.02?或更高的玻管液体温度计，按ISO9000或ISO25要求校正， 并应具有证书证明校准可追溯到国家标准。或可以使用铂电阻温度计，具有相同或更 高的精度，具有相同要求的证书。 A2.2.2在储存和使用过程中，玻管液体温度计的校正刻度会变化，所以需要定期重新校正。 7 标准号:D445-01 透明与不透明液体运动粘度的测试方法(动态粘度的计算) 在实验室中，可以通过重新校准冰点而方便的解决问题，因冰点的改变其它各主刻度 均发生相应的变化。 A2.2.2.1建议冰点检验的的时间间隔不要超过六个月，对于新温度计，建议头六个月中每个 月检查一次。除非自从最后一次全校正后冰点变化累计至一个刻度值或自从最后一次 全校正后已经过了五年，没有必要为满足精度而做一个完整全新的校准。 A2.2.2.2其他温度计设备，如果使用，需要做定期的校准并保留记录。 A2.2.3 玻管液体温度计冰点校准步骤 A2.2.3.1除非在校准证书上另有说明，对于已校准的动态粘度温度计的重新校准应在测试温 度下保持至少3分钟后，于60分钟内读数。 A2.2.3.2选择干净的冰块，最好从蒸馏水或纯净水中获得。去除浑浊部分与杂质。用蒸馏水 清洗冰片并切成或压碎成小冰片，不要用手或不洁的化学物质直接与冰接触。向杜 瓦瓶中加入冰水混合物生成冰膏，注意最大加水量不得使浮冰漂起。冰溶化时，出 去一些水，再加入些压碎的冰块，插入温度计，轻轻将冰包裹在温度计杆上，深度 大约在0?刻度以下。 A2.2.3.3至少在3分钟后，按照与轴向垂直的方向轻轻地，反复地敲打温度计并观察并记录 数据。每隔1分钟的连续读数，差值应在0.005?之内。 A2.2.3.4记录冰点的读数并根据平均值确定此温度的温度计校正值。若发现校正值和上次相 比偏高或偏低，根据相同数值改变其他温度校正值。 A2.2.3.5操作过程中，遵守如下条件 (a)温度计应垂直插入 (b)用约放大倍数为5倍的光学仪器记数，同时避免视差。 (c)冰点读数精确至0.005? A2.2.4 当完全校准时，将温度计装置浸入相同的深度。例如，当玻管液体温度计在通常全 浸入条件下校准时，应将水银柱部分全部浸入，剩余部分和顶端空余体积部分置于 室温和常压下。实际操作中，这意味着水银柱上端应在等价于被测温度介质表面四 个刻度的范围内。 A2.2.4.1若该条件不能满足，有必要多做一次校正。 A3 记时器精度 A3.1为精确起见,定期测定记时器并保存这些记录。 A3.1.1国家标准与科技局会播放时间信号，这是一个方便且基本的校准计时设备的标准，以 下时间可精确至0.1秒。 A3.1.1从收音机和电话303,499,7111可获得时间信息，也可从国家标准与科技局获得。 8 标准号:D445-01 透明与不透明液体运动粘度的测试方法(动态粘度的计算) (英文版 ) Two regulations promulgated for implementation is in the party in power for a long time and the rule of law conditions, the implementation of comprehensive strictly strategic plan, implementation in accordance with the rules and discipline to manage the party, strengthen inner-party supervision of major initiatives. The two regulations supporting each other, the < code > adhere to a positive advocate, focusing on morality is of Party members and Party leading cadres can see, enough to get a high standard; < rule > around the party discipline, disciplinary ruler requirements, listed as "negative list, focusing on vertical gauge, draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the" bottom line ". Here, the main from four square face two party rules of interpretation: the first part introduces two party Revised regulations the necessity and the revision process; the second part is the interpretation of the two fundamental principles of the revision of laws and regulations in the party; the third part introduces two party regulations modified the main changes and needs to grasp several key problems; the fourth part on how to grasp the implementation of the two regulations of the party. < code > and < Regulations > revised the necessity and revised history of the CPC Central Committee the amendment to the Chinese Communist Party members and leading cadres honest politics several guidelines > and < Chinese Communist Party discipline and Punishment Regulations > column 1 by 2015 to strengthen 9 标准号:D445-01 透明与不透明液体运动粘度的测试方法(动态粘度的计算) party laws and regulations focus. Two party regulations revision work lasted a Years, pooling the wisdom of the whole party, ideological consensus, draw historical experience, respect for the wisdom of our predecessors, which reflects the unity of inheritance and innovation; follow the correct direction, grasp the limited goals, adhere to the party's leadership, to solve the masses of the people reflect a focus on the problem. The new revision of the < code > and < rule >, reflects the party's 18 and the eighth session of the third, the spirit of the fourth plenary session, reflecting the experience of studying and implementing the General Secretary Xi Jinping series of important speech, reflects the party's eighteen years comprehensive strictly practice. (a) revised two regulations of the party need of < the ICAC guidelines > in < in 1997 Leaders as members of the Communist Party of China clean politics certain criteria (Trial) > based on revised, the promulgation and implementation of January 2010, to strengthen the construction of the contingent of leading cadres play an important role. But with the party to manage the party strictly administering the deepening, has not been able to fully meet the actual needs. Content is too complicated, "eight prohibition, 52 are not allowed to" hard to remember, and also difficult to put into practice; the second is concisely positive advocated by the lack of prohibited provisions excessive, no autonomy requirements; the third is banned terms and discipline law, both with the party discipline, disciplinary regulations 10 标准号:D445-01 透明与不透明液体运动粘度的测试方法(动态粘度的计算) repeat and Criminal law and other laws and regulations repeat; the fourth is to "clean" the theme is not prominent, not for the existing problems, and is narrow, only needle of county-level leading cadres above. < rule > is in 1997 < Chinese Communist Party disciplinary cases (Trial) > based on revision, in December 2003 the promulgation and implementation, to strengthen the construction of the party play very important role. Along with the development of the situation, which many provisions have been unable to fully meet the comprehensive strictly administering the practice needs. One is Ji law, more than half of the provisions and criminal law and other countries laws and regulations Repetition; two is the political discipline regulations is not prominent, not specific, for violation of the party constitution, damage the authority of Party Constitution of misconduct lack necessary and serious responsibility to pursue; third is the main discipline for the leading cadres, does not cover all Party members. Based on the above situation, need to < the criterion of a clean and honest administration > and < rule > the two is likely to be more relevant regulations first amendment. By revising, really put the authority of Party discipline, the seriousness in the party tree and call up the majority of Party members and cadres of the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness. (II) two party regulations revision process the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China attaches great importance to two regulations revision . Xi Jinping, general books recorded in the Fifth 11 标准号:D445-01 透明与不透明液体运动粘度的测试方法(动态粘度的计算) Plenary Session of the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, on the revised regulations < > made clear instructions. According to the central deployment, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection from 2014 under six months begin study two regulations revision. The Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 4 review revised. Comrade Wang Qishan 14 times held a special meeting to study two regulations revision, amendment clarifies the direction, major issues of principle, path and target, respectively held a forum will listen to part of the province (area) secretary of the Party committee, Secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission, part of the central ministries and state organs Department The first party committee is mainly responsible for people, views of experts and scholars and grassroots party organizations and Party members. Approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, on 7 September 2015, the general office of the Central Committee of the Party issued a notice to solicit the provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) Party, the central ministries and commissions, state ministries and commissions of the Party (party), the General Political Department of the military, every 3 people organization of Party of two regulations revision opinion. Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of extensive solicitation of opinions, careful study, attracting, formed a revised sent reviewers. In October 8 and October 12, Central Committee Political 12 标准号:D445-01 透明与不透明液体运动粘度的测试方法(动态粘度的计算) Bureau Standing Committee and the Political Bureau of the Central Committee After consideration of the two regulations revised draft. On October 18, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China formally issued two regulations. Can say, two laws amendment concentrated the wisdom of the whole party, embodies the party. Second, < code > and < Regulations > revision of the basic principles of two party regulations revision work and implement the party's eighteen, ten eight plenary, the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee and General Secretary Xi Jinping important instructions on the revised < low political criterion > and < Regulations >, highlighting the ruling party characteristics, serious discipline, the discipline quite in front of the law, based on the current, a long-term, advance as a whole, with Bu Xiuding independent < rule > and < rule >. Main principle is: first, adhere to the party constitution to follow. The constitution about discipline and self-discipline required specific, awaken the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness, maintaining the authority of the constitution. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that "no rules, no side round. Party constitution is the fundamental law, the party must follow the general rules. In early 2015 held the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee, Xi Jinping again pointed out that constitution is the party must follow the general rules, but also the general rules." the revision 13 标准号:D445-01 透明与不透明液体运动粘度的测试方法(动态粘度的计算) of the < code > and < rule > is Method in adhere to the regulations established for the purpose of combining rule of virtue is to adhere to the party constitution as a fundamental to follow, the constitution authority set up, wake up the party constitution and party rules the sense of discipline, the party constitution about discipline and self-discipline specific requirements. 4 second is to adhere to in accordance with the regulations governing the party and the party. The Party of rule of virtue "de", mainly refers to the party's ideals and beliefs, excellent traditional style. The revised the < code > closely linked to the "self-discipline", insisting on the positive initiative, for all members, highlight the "vital few", emphasized self-discipline, focusing on the morality, and the majority of Party members and the ideological and moral standards. The revised < > Ji method separately, Ji, Ji Yan to Method, as a "negative list", emphasizing the heteronomy, focusing on vertical gauge. Is this one high and one low, a positive reaction, the strict party discipline and practice results transformation for the integration of the whole party to observe moral and discipline requirements, for the majority of Party members and cadres provides benchmarking and ruler. Third, insist on to. In view of the problems existing in the party at the present stage, the main problems of Party members and cadres in the aspect of self-discipline and abide by the discipline to make clearly defined, especially the party's eighteen years strict political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline and 14 标准号:D445-01 透明与不透明液体运动粘度的测试方法(动态粘度的计算) to implement the central eight provisions of the spirit against the four winds and other requirements into Disciplinary provisions. Not one pace reachs the designated position, focusing on in line with reality, pragmatic and effective. After the revision of major changes, major changes in the < code > and < rule > modified and needs to grasp several key problems (a) < code > < code > adhere to according to regulations governing the party and party with morals in combination, for at the present stage, the leadership of the party members and cadres and Party members in existing main problems of self-discipline, put forward principles, requirements and specifications, showing Communists noble moral pursuit, reflected at all times and in all over the world ethics from high from low 5 common requirements. One is closely linked to the "self-discipline", removal and no direct relation to the provisions of . the second is adhere to a positive advocate, "eight prohibition" 52 are not allowed to "about the content of the" negative list moved into synchronization amendment < cases >. Three is for all the party members, will apply object from the leadership of the party members and cadres to expand to all Party members, fully embodies the comprehensive strictly required. The fourth is prominent key minority, seize the leadership of the party members and cadres is the key, and put forward higher requirements than the ordinary Party members. Five is to simplify, and strive to achieve concise, easy to understand, easy to remember. The revised < code > is the ruling Party since the first insists on 15 标准号:D445-01 透明与不透明液体运动粘度的测试方法(动态粘度的计算) a positive advocate forAll Party members and the self-discipline norms, moral declaration issued to all members of the party and the National People's solemn commitment. > < criterion of a clean and honest administration consists of 4 parts, 18, more than 3600 words. After the revision of the < code >, a total of eight, 281 words, including lead, specification and Party member cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms, etc. Part 3 members low-cost clean and self-discipline, the main contents can be summarized as "four must" "eight code". Lead part, reiterated on ideal and faith, fundamental purpose, the fine traditions and work style, noble sentiments, such as "four must" the principle of requirements, strong tone of self-discipline, The higher request for 6 and supervised tenet, the foothold in permanent Bao the party's advanced nature and purity, to reflect the revised standards requirements. Members of self-discipline norms around the party members how to correctly treat and deal with the "public and private", "cheap and rot" thrifty and extravagance "bitter music", put forward the "four norms". Party leader cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms for the leadership of the party members and cadres of the "vital few", around the "clean politics", from civil servant of the color, the exercise of power, moral integrity, a good family tradition and other aspects of the leadership of the party members and cadres of the "four norms" < > < norm norm. "The Party member's self-discipline norms" and "party members and leading cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms," a 16 标准号:D445-01 透明与不透明液体运动粘度的测试方法(动态粘度的计算) total of eight, collectively referred to as the "eight". "Four must" and "eight" of the content from the party constitution and Party's several generation of leaders, especially Xi Jinping, general secretary of the important discussion, refer to the "three discipline and eight points for attention" statements, and reference some embody the Chinese nation excellent traditional culture essence of epigrams. (2) the revised regulations, the main changes in the revised Regulations > to fully adapt to the strictly requirements, reflects the according to the regulations governing the law of recognition of deepening, the realization of the discipline construction and Jin Ju. < rule > is party a ruler, members of the basic line and follow. And the majority of Party members and cadres of Party organizations at all levels should adhere to the bottom line of thinking, fear discipline, hold the bottom line, as a preventive measure, to keep the party's advanced nature and purity. 1, respect for the constitution, refinement and discipline. Revised < rule > from comprehensive comb physical constitution began, the party constitution and other regulations of the Party of Party organizations and Party discipline requirements refinement, clearly defined in violation of the party constitution will be in accordance with regulations to give the corresponding disciplinary action. The original 10 categories of misconduct, integration specification for political discipline, discipline, honesty and discipline masses Ji Law and discipline and discipline and other six categories, the content of < rule > 17 标准号:D445-01 透明与不透明液体运动粘度的测试方法(动态粘度的计算) real return to Party discipline, for the majority of Party members and listed a "negative list. 7 2, highlighting the political discipline and political rules. > < Regulations according to the stage of the discipline of outstanding performance, emphasizing political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline, in opposition to the party's leadership and the party's basic theory, basic line, basic program and basic experience, the basic requirement of behavior made prescribed punishment, increase the cliques, against the organization such as violation of the provisions, to ensure that the central government decrees and the Party of centralized and unified. 3, adhere to strict discipline in the law and discipline In front, Ji separated. Revised < Regulations > adhere to the problem oriented, do Ji separated. Any national law existing content, will not repeat the provisions, the total removal of 79 and criminal law, repeat the content of the public security management punishment law, and other laws and regulations. In the general reiterated that party organizations and Party members must conscientiously accept the party's discipline, die van comply with national laws and regulations; at the same time, to investigate violations of Party members and even criminal behavior of Party discipline and responsibility, > < Regulations distinguish five different conditions, with special provisions were made provisions, so as to realize the connection of Party discipline and state law. 4, reflect Wind building and anti-corruption struggle of the latest achievements. < rule > the party's eighteen years 18 标准号:D445-01 透明与不透明液体运动粘度的测试方法(动态粘度的计算) implement the spirit of the central provisions of the eight, against the requirements of the "four winds" and transformation for disciplinary provisions, reflecting the style construction is always on the road, not a gust of wind. In the fight against corruption out of new problems, increase the trading rights, the use of authority relatives profit and other disciplinary terms. Prominent discipline of the masses, the new against the interests of the masses and ignore the demands of the masses and other disciplinary terms and make provisions of the disposition and the destruction of the party's close ties with the masses. Discipline to protect the party's purpose. 8 of these regulations, a total of three series, Chapter 15, 178, more than 24000 words, after the revision of the regulations a total of 3 series, Chapter 11, 133, 17000 words, divided into "general" and "special provisions" and "Supplementary Provisions" Part 3. Among them, add, delete, modify the provisions of the proportion of up to nearly 90%. 1, the general general is divided into five chapters. The first chapter to the regulations of the guiding ideology, principles and scope of application of the provisions, highlight the strengthening of the party constitution consciousness, maintenance the authority of Party Constitution, increase the party organizations and Party members must abide by the party constitution, Yan Centralized centralized, would examine at all levels of the amended provisions implementing and maintaining Party discipline, and consciously accept the party discipline, 19 标准号:D445-01 透明与不透明液体运动粘度的测试方法(动态粘度的计算) exemplary compliance with national laws and regulations. The second chapter of discipline concept, disciplinary action types and effects of the regulations, will be a serious warning from the original a year for a year and a half; increase the Party Congress representative, by leaving the party above (including leave probation) punishment, the party organization should be terminated its representative qualification provisions. The third chapter of the disciplinary rules of use prescribed in the discipline rectifying process, non convergence, not close hand classified as severely or heavier punishment. "Discipline straighten "At least eighteen years of five years, these five years is to pay close attention to the provisions of the central eight implementation and anti -" four winds ". The fourth chapter on suspicion of illegal party disciplinary distinguish five different conditions, with special provisions were made provisions, to achieve effective convergence of Party and country 9 method. < rule > the provisions of Article 27, Party organizations in the disciplinary review found that party members have committed embezzlement, bribery, dereliction of duty dereliction of duty and other criminal law act is suspected of committing a crime shall give cancel party posts, probation or expelled from the party. The second is < Regulations > Article 28 the provisions of Party organizations in the disciplinary review But found that party members are stipulated in the criminal law, although not involved in a crime shall be investigated for Party discipline and responsibility should 20 标准号:D445-01 透明与不透明液体运动粘度的测试方法(动态粘度的计算) be depending on the specific circumstances shall be given a warning until expelled punishment. This situation and a difference is that the former regulation behavior has been suspected of a crime, the feeling is quite strict, and the latter for the behavior not involving crime, only the objective performance of the provisions of the criminal code of behavior, but the plot is a crime to slightly. < Regulations > the 29 provisions, Party organizations in the discipline review found that party members and other illegal behavior, affect the party's image, the damage to the party, the state and the people's interests, we should depend on the situation Seriousness given disciplinary action. The loss of Party members, seriously damaging the party's image of behavior, should be given expelled from the party. At this article is party member is in violation of the criminal law outside the other illegal acts, such as violates the public security administration punishment law, customs law, financial laws and regulations behavior. The fourth is < cases > Article 32 stipulates, minor party members and the circumstances of the crime, the people's Procuratorate shall make a decision not to initiate a prosecution, or the people's court shall make a conviction and exempted from criminal punishment shall be given within the party is removed from his post, probation or expelled from the party. Party members and crime, sheets were fined in accordance with For acts; the principal Ordinance amended the provisions of the preceding paragraph. This is the new content, in order to achieve Ji method effective 21 标准号:D445-01 透明与不透明液体运动粘度的测试方法(动态粘度的计算) convergence. Five is < > the thirty third article 10 of the provisions, the Party member due to an intentional crime is sentenced to criminal law (including probation) sheets or additional deprivation of political rights; due to negligence crime and was sentenced to three years or more (excluding three years) a penalty, shall give expelled punishment. Due to negligence crime is convicted and sentenced to three years (including three years) in prison or be sentenced to public surveillance, detention, shall in general be expelled from the party. For the individual may not be expelled from the party, should control Approval. This is followed and retained the original > < Regulations the provisions of punishment party authorization rules and report to a level party organizations. For is "party members with criminal acts, and by the criminal punishment, generally should be expelled from the party". The fifth chapter of probationary Party member of the discipline and discipline after missing members of the treatment and punishment decisions, such as the implementation of the provisions, clear the related party discipline and punishment decision made after, for duties, wages and other relevant alteration formalities for the longest time. 2, sub sub section will the original regulations of 10 categories of acts of violation of discipline integration revised into 6 categories, respectively, in violation of the punishments for acts of political discipline "in violation of discipline behavior of punishment" in violation of integrity of disciplinary action points "of violation punishments for acts 22 标准号:D445-01 透明与不透明液体运动粘度的测试方法(动态粘度的计算) of mass discipline" "the violation of work discipline, punishment" in violation of discipline of life behavior punishment "6 chapters. 3, annex" Supplementary Provisions "clear authority making supplementary provisions of, cases of interpretative organ, as well as regulations implementation time and retroactivity etc.. 11 (3) learning understanding > < regulations needs to grasp several key problems The first problem -- about the violation of political discipline behavior > < new ordinance chapter 6 the political discipline column for the six disciplines, that is the main opposition to Party leadership and the opposition of the basic theory, basic line, basic program and basic experience, basic requirements of misconduct made provisions of the disposition, especially the eighteen since the CPC Central Committee put forward the Yan Mingzheng treatment of discipline and political rules requirements and practical achievements transformation for Discipline article, increase the false debate central policies, cliques, against the organization review, make no discipline of the principle of harmony terms. These are the party's eighteen years in comprehensive strictly Process combined with the practice of rich content. (1) false debate the central policies and undermine the Party of centralized and unified the problem is made in accordance with the provisions of the party constitution. Constitution in general programme requirements adhere to democratic centralism is one of the requirements of the construction of the party must adhere to the four cardinal. Application 23 标准号:D445-01 透明与不透明液体运动粘度的测试方法(动态粘度的计算) of this principle is not only the party the basic organization principle and is also the mass line in party life, it requires that we must fully develop inner-party democracy, respect for the dominant position of Party members, safeguarding the Party member democratic rights, give full play to the enthusiasm and creativity of the party organizations at all levels and Party members, at the same time, also must implement the right concentration, ensure the party's mission < the chaos in unity and concerted action to ensure that the party's decision to get quickly and effectively implementing. The Party Central Committee formulated the major principles and policies, through different channels and ways, fully listen to the party organizations and Party members of the opinions and suggestions, but 12 is some people face to face not to say back blather "" will not say, after the meeting said, "" Taiwan does not say, and nonsense ", in fact, not only disrupt the people thought, some causing serious consequences, the damage to the Party of the centralized and unified, hinder the central policy implementation, but also a serious violation of the democratic system of principles. There is no doubt that shall, in accordance with the Regulations > 4 Specified in Article 6 to give the appropriate punishment. For did not cause serious consequences, to give criticism and education or the corresponding tissue processing. (2) about the destruction of the party's unity < New Regulations > the forty eighth to fifty second article, to damage Party's unity unified and violation of political discipline, punishment situation 24 标准号:D445-01 透明与不透明液体运动粘度的测试方法(动态粘度的计算) made explicit provisions. Article 52 of the new "in the party get round group, gangs seek private gain, cliques, cultivate private forces or through the exchange of interests, for their own to create momentum and other activities to gain political capital, given a serious warning or withdraw from their party posts disposition; if the circumstances are serious, to give Leave a party to observation or expelled from the party. (3) on against the organization review of the provisions of the constitution, party loyalty honesty is party members must comply with the obligations. Members must obey the organization decision, shall not violate the organization decided encounters by asking questions to find organization, rely on the organization, shall not deceive the organization, against the organization. For example, after the investigation does not take the initiative to explain the situation, but to engage in offensive and defensive alliance, hiding the stolen money is against survey organization, is a violation of the behavior of political discipline. Article 24 of the original > < Regulations, although the provisions of the interference, hinder group review the behavior of the fabric can be severely or 13 Aggravated punishment, but did not put this kind of behavior alone as a discipline for qualitative amount of discipline. > < new regulations increase the Article 57, "anti organization review, one of the following acts, given a warning or serious warning; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, give 25 标准号:D445-01 透明与不透明液体运动粘度的测试方法(动态粘度的计算) expelled from the party: (a) on supply or forged, destroyed, transfer, conceal evidence; (II) to prevent others expose, providing evidence Material; (III) harboring co personnel; (4) to the organization to provide false information, to hide the fact; (5) the him against the acts of the organization review. "< rule > add this clause to the Constitution requires more specific, the previous no punishment in accordance with the definite list and put forward clear punishment in accordance with. (4) about organizing or participating in superstitious activities as < Regulations > about engage in activities of feudal superstition obstruction of social management order" violations of Article 164 the provisions, but according to the original < rule > only in disrupting production, work, social life order The case to be disciplinary treatment, in other words, alone make the feudal superstition, organize or participate in the activities of feudal superstition of, does not constitute a violation. Which is not consistent with the requirements of our party's political party. > < new regulations in this change is, superstitious activities on the political discipline, increase the Article 58, is the organization of Party members, in superstitious activities included in violation of the negative list of political discipline deserves punishment, which and Party members should adhere to the correct political principle, political standpoint and viewpoint is consistent. 14 the second question about organization and discipline violation behavior of democratic centralism is our The party's fundamental 26 标准号:D445-01 透明与不透明液体运动粘度的测试方法(动态粘度的计算) organizational system. < New Regulations > Chapter 7 "in violation of the behavior of organizational discipline punishment" mainly for violation of democratic centralism, contrary to the "four obey the discipline behavior for source classification rules. Increased not in accordance with the relevant provisions or requirements to the organization for instructions to report on major issues; do not report truthfully report about personal matters; falsify personal archives; hide before joining the party serious mistakes; leading cadres in violation of the relevant provisions of the organization, will participate in the spontaneous formation of the old Xiang, Alumni Association, comrades in arms; to obtain illegal country residence abroad or foreign nationality, illegal for private frontier Documents such as discipline terms. (1) on the report truthfully report personal matters in 2010 the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China office, office of the State Council introduced < provisions on issues related to the leading cadres to report personal >, is clear about the request, deputy division level and above leading cadres should truthfully report changes in my marriage and spouse, children, moved to the country (territory), practitioners, income, real estate, investment and other matters, for failing to report, do not report, concealed and unreported, according to the seriousness of the case, giving criticism and education, and to make a correction within a time limit, shall be ordered to make a check, the commandment Jiemian conversation, informed criticism or jobs, free Post 27 标准号:D445-01 透明与不透明液体运动粘度的测试方法(动态粘度的计算) processing, constitute violations, in accordance with the relevant provisions shall be given a disciplinary sanction. But since the original < Regulations > and there is no corresponding specific terms, the violation of the regulations, do not report, as a false report about personal matters, there is no corresponding disciplinary action terms, in practice it is difficult to operate. In this regard, in order to solve is not reported, as a false report about personal matters 15 asked censure, the new < Regulations > add the Article 67 of violation of personal matters related to reporting requirements, report truthfully report the clear punishment basis, making this kind of violation behavior is no longer free drilling for Exhibition on matters of personal checks to verify and supervision of cadres, discipline review provides a powerful discipline guarantee. (2) about the illegal organization, to fellow, alumni, friends of the war will < regulations stipulated in Article 68 of >, leading cadres of the party in violation of relevant provisions of the organization, will participate in the spontaneous formation of fellow, Alumni Association, comrade in arms to give the punishment according to the seriousness of the case. Here special needs note is three points: this provision for only the leading cadres ", reflecting the high requirements of leading cadres; second violation in 2002, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, the central Organization Department and the The relevant provisions of the General Political Department jointly issued the < off in leading cadres not to participate in 28 标准号:D445-01 透明与不透明液体运动粘度的测试方法(动态粘度的计算) the initiative to set up "the villagers would be" alumni "" comrades in arms organization notice >. That is to say, to the spontaneous formation of fellow, Alumni Association, comrades in arms will constitute the premise of discipline is a violation of the provisions of this. The notification specified, leading cadres are not allowed to participate in the spontaneous incorporation of fellow, alumni, between comrades association would like the organization and shall not bear the sorority Human and the organizer shall not hold the corresponding position in the sorority; shall not borrow machine woven "network" and engage in kiss sparsely, round and round the gangs, but not "align" "Jieyi Gold Orchid" behavior. The third is to emphasize here that shall be organized to participate in the initiative to set up the villager, Alumni Association, comrades in arms. The so-called 16 spontaneous was established mainly means without registration. Therefore, Party members include leading cadres in the normal range of fellow, alumni, comrades in the party is not a violation of the rules of Party discipline. The three problem about integrity violations discipline Lian Jie discipline has been eighteen years clean government and anti The focus of the work of corruption. This Ordinance to amend, honesty and discipline this biggest adjustment, the new content, most of which prescribed by the original < criterion of a clean and honest administration > 8 ban and 52 are not allowed into the basic this part. (1) the central eight provisions of the spirit and requirements into < New > in 29 标准号:D445-01 透明与不透明液体运动粘度的测试方法(动态粘度的计算) the regulations of the party's eighteen years, central resolutely implement the provisions of the eight and pay close attention to the node and intensive briefing, on public funds, private bus, public funds tourism, gifts of public funds, the big parade and lavish weddings and festive, illegal payment allowances and subsidies, illegal construction of buildings such as the original masses reflects the relatively strong, "four winds" problem of the Resolute rectification. But original < Regulations > to eat and drink, super standard reception and no clear and specific expression, new < rule > will implement eight Central provisions of the spirit of the problem increased to "clean cheap self-discipline" chapter, clear to exceed the standard, beyond the scope of the reception or borrow machine eating and drinking etc. some in violation of the provisions of the spirit of the eight central relevant persons responsible for punishment, once the violation will be according to the < rule > severely punished, binding, enhanced significantly. One is to add Article 87, about to obtain illegal, hold, and the actual use of the sports card, golf ball cards and other consumer card. Illegal access to private clubs made the punishment provisions. The second is increase the Article 97, has made provisions of the disposition of illegal self pay or 17 spamming allowances, subsidies and bonuses. The third is added to the Article 99, on violation of super standard, beyond the scope of the reception or borrow machine eat and drink to make the provisions of punishment. The fourth is to increase the Article 101, on the management 30 标准号:D445-01 透明与不透明液体运动粘度的测试方法(动态粘度的计算) of conference activities in violation of the provisions made sanctions regulations. The fifth is the increased Article 102, for violation of office space management provisions made the punishment provisions. Six is to split the original < rule > Article 78, formed article 98, Article 100 of public Models of tourism, violate the provisions on the administration of the use of discipline of the bus through the list of made a more detailed provisions, apply more operational. Seven is increased the article 96, in violation of the relevant provisions of the, to participate in public funds to pay for dinner, high consumption of entertainment, fitness activities and public funds to buy gift, send gifts to make the provisions of the disposition. On the violation of the central provisions of the spirit of the eight, in addition to > < new regulations into "violation of honesty and self-discipline" misconduct outside, is different with the original < Regulations >, revised < rule > clearly defined not only to disposition of the directly responsible persons, but also dispose of collar Guide responsibilities. (2) increased trading rights, use of authority or position influence as relatives and close to profit violation of the terms of the < New Regulations > absorption < clean politics several guidelines > the relevant provisions spirit, increase the "negative list, including trading rights, the functions and powers or duties of influence as relatives and staff around profit. Increase Article 81" mutual use of office or authority ring for each other and their spouses, children and their spouses and other relatives, 31 标准号:D445-01 透明与不透明液体运动粘度的测试方法(动态粘度的计算) around 18 personnel and other specific relationship between the people to seek benefits engage in trading rights, given a warning or serious warning Sanctions; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, shall be expelled from the party. Increase Article 82 "connivance, acquiescence to the spouse, children and spouse etc. relatives and staff around the effect of Party members and cadres personal authority or position for personal gain, if the circumstances are relatively minor, given a warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, the given Expelled from the party. Party members and cadres of the spouses, children and their spouses does the actual work and get salary or although the actual work but to receive significantly beyond the same rank salary standard, Party members and cadres informed fails to correct, in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph. "(3) about the gifts, gifts misconduct from handling practices in recent years, engaged in official cadres received gifts, gifts problems more prominent. This has seriously affected the image of Party members and cadres, damaged the relations between the party and the masses, and is a hotbed of corruption, is really necessary for this kind of behavior to be disciplined. < rule > no on accepting gifts, gifts, Card consumption behavior to engage in simple "one 32 标准号:D445-01 透明与不透明液体运动粘度的测试方法(动态粘度的计算) size fits all", but the difference between the different separately. One is in accordance with the provisions of Article 83, accepting may affect the impartial enforcement of the official gifts, gifts, consumer cards to depending on the seriousness of the case shall be given disciplinary sanctions. That is to say, for may affect the fair execution of business gifts, gifts, consumer cards are not allowed to accept. 19 is in accordance with the provisions of Article 83, accepting was significantly higher than normal ceremony is still exchanges of gifts, gifts, consumer card to disciplinary action. This is new regulations that daily life is purely reciprocity, accepting the same thing, boys , fellow friends gifts, gifts, shopping cards, although and fair execution of business has nothing to do, also want to as the case shall be dealt with, the situation is obviously beyond normal reciprocity ". The so-called" reciprocity ", one is emphasizes the reciprocal in protocol. In other words is you to me how, I to you how, not only does not go. The second is to significantly exceeded the normal local economy level, customs and habits, economic capacity of individual gifts, gift value. Specific sanctions to according to the processing of a variety of factors to consider, as appropriate. The third is the root according to the provisions of Article 84," to Engaged in public service personnel and their spouses and children, children's spouses and other relatives and other specific relationship presented Ming Xianchao normal reciprocity of gifts, gifts, consumer card, if the circumstances are 33 标准号:D445-01 透明与不透明液体运动粘度的测试方法(动态粘度的计算) relatively serious, given a warning until probation. "In accordance with the above provisions, gift giving significantly beyond the normal reciprocity, giver constitute the discipline. (4) on illegal trading of stocks or of other regulations of securities investment < > Article 88 is engaged in punishment regulation of camp and activity in violation of the relevant provisions on. Among them, 3 will" buying and selling stocks or in other securities investment "column as one of disciplinary cases Out. First need to be clear, > < regulations did not change the provisions of the Ordinance. The ordinance of the provisions of the second paragraph of Article 77 provisions "who, in violation of the provisions of the sale of stocks" is one of the violation, and at the beginning of the first paragraph of this article "violation of 20 against the relevant provisions of the" textual representation of the repeat revision. In, just from the legislative technique removed the "personal" in violation of the provisions, content and not to change the original provisions. Need to clear is, "buy or sell a stock or of other securities investment" refers to violation of the relevant provisions refers to in April 2001, the Party Central Committee, the State Council promulgated the On the work of the party and government organs staff's personal investment in securities if dry provisions >. According to the provisions of Article 3, use of work time, office facilities, the sale of stocks and securities investment fund belongs to illegal behavior. The fourth question, about the violation of the masses of the disciplinary actions < 34 标准号:D445-01 透明与不透明液体运动粘度的测试方法(动态粘度的计算) new regulations > would violate public discipline behavior of a single set of a class of restored "three rules of discipline and eight note" in the discipline of the masses of excellent traditional. < New Regulations > Chapter 9 "to violate the masses of disciplinary action", mainly the destruction of the party's close ties with the masses of misconduct made provisions on disciplinary; enrich and perfect the super standard, beyond the scope of Xiang Qun < All to raise fund and labor, in for involving the public affairs deliberately, chinakayao, in social security, policy support, disaster relief funds and materials and other matters assigned any kind and affectionate friends, obviously unfair acts against the interests of the masses of the disciplinary terms; increase the terms not in accordance with the provisions of the public party provided, government, factory and village (neighborhood) provided etc. violation of the people's right to know the behavior of the discipline. The fifth issue, on the violation of work discipline violation of work discipline added "negative list, including Party organizations carry out strictly Main responsibility for poor discipline terms. (1) the new party organization comprehensive strictly the main responsibility of the party does not fulfill the 21 or perform poor disciplinary terms < New Regulations > has a lead people to pay attention to the new terms, that is, in chapter ten "on the violation of work discipline behavior punishment" increase in the one hundred and fourteenth "party fail to perform 35 标准号:D445-01 透明与不透明液体运动粘度的测试方法(动态粘度的计算) comprehensive strictly the main responsibility of the party or to perform comprehensive strictly the main responsibility for administering the ineffective, resulting in serious damage or serious adverse effects, to the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership and give a warning or serious warning. The situation is serious, giving removed from their party posts or on probation Punishment. "Here the changes. For the first time, the main responsibility write < rule >. (2) new shall report does not report or false reporting discipline shall increase the 117 bar" in the higher level units to check to inspect the work or report to the parent unit, work report of shall report the matters do not report or do not report, cause serious damage or serious adverse effects of, to the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership, to give warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are serious, giving removed from their party posts or placed on probation. "For example, during the tour visits to the region, the unit Members the obligation to the inspection teams to reflect the true situation, to conceal not reported or intentionally to the inspection teams to provide false information, causing serious damage or serious adverse effects of, the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership should be in accordance with the provisions of < rule > Article 117 to give the appropriate punishment. (3) the new not granted in accordance with the provisions of punishment, not according to the provisions of the implementation of disciplinary measures 22 violation 36 标准号:D445-01 透明与不透明液体运动粘度的测试方法(动态粘度的计算) of the provisions of Article 115 "Party organizations have one of the following circumstances, the direct leadership responsibility. Probation: members were sentenced punished, in accordance with the provisions give disciplinary action or in violation of state law Rules of behavior should be given disciplinary punishment and dispose of; disciplinary punishment by decision or complaint review the decision made, not in accordance with the provisions of the implementation decisions on punishment of the party, position, rank, and the treatment of the matters; Party members subject to disciplinary action, not in accordance with the cadre management authority and organizational relationships of by dispose of Party members to carry out education and supervision of daily management. "What needs to be pointed out is," cliff "demoted with cars, housing, secretary problem, implementation is not a discipline and party posts and ranks treatment by the organization department is responsible for the implementation, with cars, housing by the logistics department is responsible for the implementation of, Ji Commission responsible oversight responsibilities. The six questions, about the acts violating the discipline of life "in violation of discipline of life behavior punishment", mainly to "four winds" problems and a serious violation of social morality, family virtue acts of misconduct made provisions on disciplinary, an increase of extravagant life, contrary to the social public order and good customs disciplinary terms. Worth mentioning is, > < Regulations in Article 150 37 标准号:D445-01 透明与不透明液体运动粘度的测试方法(动态粘度的计算) about "adultery" "mistress (Cardiff) formulation in the new < rule > is removed, to expand the scope of Article 127 provisions" and others hair improper sexual relations, let face disciplinary action Wider more strict. Four, and earnestly do a good job in the < code > and < rule > implement system of life lies in execution. < code > and < Regulations > is 23 Party organizations at all levels of a strong constraint and all Party members follow. Learning and implementing the < code > and < rule > is party committees (party), commission for discipline, discipline inspection group), the majority of Party members and cadres of the common responsibility, must party caught together, the party one execution. () Party committees (party) and play and implement comprehensive strictly the main responsibility, pays special attention to the two party regulations learning cross penetration. One is to Adhere to the party constitution is fundamental to follow, and resolutely safeguard the authority of the Party Chapter. The second is to adhere to the problem oriented, to strictly political discipline and political rule moments in the first place. The third is to adhere to the discipline and rules quite in front must not allow the bottom line to break the discipline. The fourth is to seriously organize the study of propaganda and education, in the city party members to create a disciplined, about the rules of the strong atmosphere. (II) Commission for Discipline Inspection at all levels (Discipline Inspection Group) to an important basis for the revised two party regulations as, adhere to easily 38 标准号:D445-01 透明与不透明液体运动粘度的测试方法(动态粘度的计算) blame, strengthen supervision and enforcement And early method in combining Ji, increase accountability efforts. One is to two regulations within the party important basis, adhere to the party constitution duties, with strict discipline to maintain the constitution authority. The second is to adhere to high standards and keep the bottom line, adhere to Ji Yan in law and discipline, the discipline and rules quite in front, grasping grasping small, easily blame, comprehensive use of supervision and discipline of "four kinds of form" in the discipline embodies the strict requirements and care for the discipline, tighten up, Yan. According to discipline in accordance with regulations to carry out disciplinary review. Increase the violations punishment, clues can initiate an investigation on the trial of cases According to the discipline on the provisions of the proportion of processing and control manager maintains discipline. To focus on investigating non convergence, don't accept hand serious disciplinary violations at the same time, pay more attention to the general review of discipline 24 behavior, and gradually increase the lighter punishment. Four is to illuminate two party regulations, combined with the local district of the Department of party conduct Lianzheng to relevant laws and regulations system clean, timely research proposes to establish, change, waste release opinion, avoid conflict, and the fasten system of cage, and gradually formed not rot, not rot, not want to rot system and working mechanism. (3) the leadership of the party members and cadres 39 标准号:D445-01 透明与不透明液体运动粘度的测试方法(动态粘度的计算) should play an exemplary role. The rate of higher consciousness of the front of the Ordinance to lead practice self-discipline norms, leading to maintain discipline of seriousness and authority. One is the above rate, demonstration and guidance, take the lead in learning and mastering the < code > and < > the requirements and regulations, do the deep understanding, learning to use. The second is to play an exemplary role in abiding by discipline rate, take the lead in practicing self-discipline norms, firmly establish before the discipline are equal, the system has no privilege, discipline is no exception, and consciously do standards, require more strict measures more practical. Third is to consciously accept supervision, conscientiously participate in the democratic life and debriefing honesty responsibility, such as Real to the party organization to report personal matters, and to accept the supervision of the work and life of the normal, habits under the supervision of the exercise of power, to carry out the work. The fourth is to set an example for the strict enforcement of discipline. Leading cadres should take the lead in the maintenance of discipline of seriousness and authority, to dare to seriously, dare to struggle, dare to offend people, for misconduct not laissez faire, but do not indulge, not tolerate to ensure the party constitution of party compasses party put in place. (4) the majority of Party members and cadres to set high standards and hold the bottom line, consciously abide by the < code > and < rule >. One is to control the < standard > and < 25 cases >, tight Close connection 40 标准号:D445-01 透明与不透明液体运动粘度的测试方法(动态粘度的计算) with their own thoughts, practical work and life, efforts to solve the problems, to enhance the study and implement of the effectiveness and pertinence. The second is to establish a high standard and hold the bottom line, consciously in the self-discipline pursuit of high standards, strictly in the party away from the red line discipline, discipline, about the rules and know fear, distrust, the formation of the honor system, comply with the system, safeguard system of good habits. Regulations and discipline regulations of < < New Revision of the Communist Party of China clean fingered self-discipline criterion > and < Chinese Communist Party Disciplinary Regulations > is the Party Central Committee in the new situation to promote the comprehensive strictly root of the lift, the regulations of the party construction of keeping pace with the times. We should study and implement the Standards > and < > as the primary political task, adhere to the party constitution duties, adhere to the discipline of, Ji Yan in law, the full implementation of supervision and discipline accountability responsibilities for coordination and promotion "four overall" strategic layout in XX District vivid practice to provide a strong guarantee. - Si Jian Wu, and effectively enhance the implementation of the implementation of the < code > < > The consciousness of General Secretary Xi pointed out that the party is in charge of the party, to manage the party; strictly, it can cure good party. Criterion > and < rule > keep pace 41 标准号:D445-01 透明与不透明液体运动粘度的测试方法(动态粘度的计算) with the times is our party to form a new potential strictly rules, to deepen understanding of the ruling law, is a comprehensive strictly, and strengthen the supervision within the party important grasper. Criterion > closely linked to the theme of self-discipline, self-discipline intensity-modulated, focusing on morality, for the majority of Party members and cadres set to see, feel the high standard, show the Communists noble moral sentiment; District Ordinance < < rule > the constitution of discipline integration into a political discipline, organization and discipline, honesty and discipline, discipline of the masses, work discipline, discipline, emphasize discipline, focusing on established rules, to draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the bottom line. Party committees (party) to effectively strengthen the study and publicize the implementation of the < code > and < rule > the organization and leadership of criterion > and < > a full range, multi angle, deep publicity, the formation of study and publicize and implement the boom, in order to consolidate the development of good political environment to create a positive environment and atmosphere. The majority of Party members and cadres to strict requirements, the < rule > and < Ordinance cases > as a guide to action and behavior criterion, adhere to the moral standards and discipline of the bottom line, to maintain the discipline of worship and awe, learning, compliance, and maintain party discipline and rules of the model. The discipline inspection and supervision organs and cadres to the < code > and < > as the deepening of 42 标准号:D445-01 透明与不透明液体运动粘度的测试方法(动态粘度的计算) the "three", and strengthen supervision and discipline of accountability is important to follow correctly grasp the use of supervision and discipline of "four types", promote the comprehensive strictly in new roots. Strict discipline, adhere to the discipline and rules quite in front of the enterprise in the implementation of expensive to implement to execute. The discipline inspection and supervision organs to implement the < code > and < Efforts to investigate cases > as an opportunity, adhere to the party should manage the party strictly, serious performance of their duties to promote two regulations implementation. Change discipline concept. From the simple "investigation of illegal" to a comprehensive "stare at violate discipline"; from the business case to prosecute the big cases and timely solve the signs of tilt to. From the orientation to the normal supervision; from the tube "minority" to resist the "most". Guide Party members and cadres to seriously implement the < code > and < rule >, consciously abide by the political, organizational, honest people, work, life six discipline. Urge the leadership cadres sent to play an exemplary role, take the lead in strictly enforced. Relaxation and rest Strong wind is Su Ji, closely linked to the "four winds" prone to multiple, the masses reflect the strong important nodes and, glued to the four winds "new form, new trends, seriously investigate and deal with violations of the central eight provisions of the spirit, to increase the bulletin exposure intensity, the formation of Chajiu" four winds "loudly, continue to release and discipline 43 标准号:D445-01 透明与不透明液体运动粘度的测试方法(动态粘度的计算) must be strict signal. At the same time, extended supervision tentacles, through the development of the rural and fishery party conduct Lianzheng construction inspection, issued in a timely manner, Chajiu occurred in grassroots side of corruption and unhealthy, and earnestly safeguard the interests of the masses and social stability. The creativity and discipline. Grasp and make good use of the supervision and discipline of" four types ", to ensure the Promoting clues to lots of discipline and the law of the vacuum tube, strict together. Not only to the "less" and "very few" thorough investigation severely punished, but also the "most" to maintain zero tolerance trend through layers of conductive pressure, let the discipline about the rules for each party members and cadres consciously follow. At present, it is necessary to implement the "list" management, strictly follow the clues to the disposal of five standards, make the classification of disposal, dynamic cleanup. Zadok Party committees at all levels to implement the main responsibility, comprehensive use of disciplinary action and tissue processing and other means to effectively curb the commonplace, used to see do not blame the "small problem", not because of "practice" and "exception". Prominent Discipline characteristics, the problems of violation of discipline and rules into the focus of supervision and discipline and disciplinary review. At the same time, increase case double check the intensity, the serious problems of discipline violations or "four winds" ban but not absolutely, not only to be 44 标准号:D445-01 透明与不透明液体运动粘度的测试方法(动态粘度的计算) held directly responsible, but also held leadership responsibility; not only to pursue studies the main responsibility of the Party committee, and to pursue Commission for Discipline Inspection and supervision responsibilities and promote accountability to become the new norm. The implementation of supervisory responsibility. Maintain < code > and < rule > the seriousness and authority of the discipline and rules and truly become the party's ruler. Discipline as supervision within the party the specialized agency, we must strengthen the responsibility to act, adhere to the Impartial discipline accountability, earnestly will be strict discipline, discipline must be punished, and severely punish the acts in violation of rules and regulations. 45