2012届高考英语一轮单元复习讲练讲义：Unit 3 Celebration语法复习（北师大版必修一）

2012届高考英语一轮单元复习讲练讲义：Unit 3 Celebration语法复习（北师大版必修一） 金太阳新课标资源网 wx.jtyjy.com 2012届高考英语一轮单元复习讲练讲义:Unit 3 Celebration语法复习(北师大版必修一) 动词的语态 1. 语态 语态也是动词的一种形式，英语有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 示主语是动作的执行者，而被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 1)We use electricity to run machines. (主动语态) 2)Electricity is used to run machines. (被动语态) 2. 被动语态的时态形式 被动语态由“助动词be，及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。 歌诀:被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面。 常用的被动语态有下列几种时态形式。 时间 一般时 进行时 完成时 现在 am/is/are asked am/is/are being asked have/has been done 过去 was /were be asked was /were being asked had been done 将来 will /shall be asked 过去将来 should /would be asked 3. 被动语态的基本用法 (1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。 例如: Some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的) This book was published in 1981.这本书出版于1981年。 (2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。 例如:The window was broken by Mike.窗户是迈克打破的。 This book was written by him.这本书是他写的。 Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed.每天8小时睡眠必须得到保证。 歌诀:谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没有必要;动作承受者需强调，被动语态运用到。 4. 主动语态变被动语态的 方法 快递客服问题件处理详细方法山木方法pdf计算方法pdf华与华方法下载八字理论方法下载 (1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 (2)把谓语变成被动结构(be，过去分词)。(根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。 (3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。 例如: All the people laughed at him. ?He was laughed at by all the people. They make the bikes in the factory. ?The bikes are made(by them)in the factory. 歌诀:宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。 谓语动词变被动，be后“过分”来使用。 5. 含有情态动词的被动语态 含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词，be，过去分词”构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。 第 1 页 共 9 页 金太阳新课标资源网wx.jtyjy.com 金太阳新课标资源网 wx.jtyjy.com 歌诀:情态动词变被动，情态加be加“过分”， 如若情态后带to，变后有to才算数。 例如:We can repair this watch in two days. ?This watch can be repaired in two days. You ought to take it away. ?It ought to be taken away. 6. 被动语态的一些特殊用法 1)短语动词的被动语态 短语动词转换为被动语态时，通常被看作是一个动词，后面的介词或副词不能拆开或省略。例如: ?So far no correct conclusion has arrived at. ?All the rubbish should be got rid of. 2)“get + -ed分词”的被动语态 “get + -ed分词”结构强调动作的结果，而非动作本身，常用来表示突发性的，出乎意料的偶然事件。例如: The boy got hurt on his way home from work. 另外，“get + -ed分词”还可用于谈论为自己做的事，是主动的行为而不是被动的行为。例如:get dressed(穿衣服) get divorced(离婚) get engaged(订婚) get confused(迷惑不解) get lost(迷路) get washed(洗脸) get married(结婚) 3)能带两个宾语和复合宾语的动词改为被动语态 ?能带两个宾语的动词改为被动语态时，一次只能由一个宾语作主语，另一个宾语被保留下来。 例如:We showed the visitors our new products.(主动语态) The visitors were shown our new products.(被动语态) Our new products were shown to the visitors.(被动语态) ?能带复合宾语的动词改为被动语态时，原来的宾语补足语变为主语补足语。例如: The teacher appointed him League secretary.(主动语态) He was appointed League secretary.(被动语态) 4)被动语态与系表结构的区别 ?The novel was well written.(系表结构) ?The novel was written by Diskens.(被动语态) 5)主动形式表示被动意义 ?少数动词的主动语态有时有被动的意思wash(洗起来), clean(擦起来), cook, iron, look, cut, sell, read(读起来), wear, feel, draw, write(写起来), drive… 例如:The book is selling remarkably well. The song sounds very beautiful. My watch needs cleaning. (= My watch needs to be cleaned). 能像need这样用的动词还有:want, require, deserve, do, owe等。 例如: The meat is cooking. The book written by the professor is printing. ?blame, let (出租), remain, keep, rent, build I was to blame for the accident. Much work remains. ?在need, require, want, worth (形容词), deserve后的动名词必须用主动形式。 第 2 页 共 9 页 金太阳新课标资源网wx.jtyjy.com 金太阳新课标资源网 wx.jtyjy.com The door needs repairing.= The door needs to be repaired. This room needs cleaning. 这房间应该打扫一下。 This book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。 6)被动形式表示主动意义 在这些短语结构中:be determined, be pleased, be graduated (from), be finished, be prepared (for), be occupied (in), get married 例如:He is graduated from a famous university. 他毕业于一所有名的大学。 注意: 表示同某人结婚，用marry sb. 或get married to sb. 都可。 He married a rich girl. He got married to a rich girl. 7)习惯表达 如这些:believe, consider, declare, expect, feel , report, say, see, suppose, think, understand It is said that…据说 It is reported that… 据报道 It is believed that… 大家相信 It is hoped that… 大家希望 It is well known that… 众所周知 It is thought that… 大家认为 It is suggested that… 据建议 It is taken granted that… 被视为当然 It has been decided that… 大家决定 It must be remembered that…务必记住的是 It is said that she will leave for Wuhan on Tuesday. They say she will leave for Wuhan on Tuesday. 8)使用被动语态应受哪些限制 英语和汉语一样，其动作都有主动和被动之分，汉语中不是所有的动词都可采用被动结 构;同样道理，英语中也有不少动词不能用于被动结构，即被动语态。英语中，除不及物动 词不能用于被动语态外，还有下列情况不能使用被动语态的结构: ?感官动词、系动词、表示状态和特征的及物动词、表示所属关系的静态动词、含有容纳、 适合等意思的及物动词也不能用于被动语态。如sound，look，become，appear, belong, contain, cost, fit, have, resemble, suit , die, escape, fall, happen, last, remain, succeed, occur, come true, take place, consist of。 例如:She has a nice car. The woolen coat fits her well. Miss Li became a doctor ten years ago. This plan sounds a good one. Great changes have taken place in my hometown since 1949. This car belongs to my uncle. ?宾语是动词不定式、动名词。 例如:They promised me to go with me. I enjoy listening to pop music. ?宾语是反身代词。 例如:She hurt herself this morning. They warned themselves to be careful. ?宾语是人身上的一部分或器官。 例如:He put his hand on his chest and began to cough. I could hardly believe my ears. 第 3 页 共 9 页 金太阳新课标资源网wx.jtyjy.com 金太阳新课标资源网 wx.jtyjy.com ?宾语是相互代词。 例如:They help each other in study. We must learn from each other. ?表示地点、处所、机构、团体、组织的名词作宾语。 例如:She joined the Party last year. My dad reached Beijing this afternoon. ?宾语表示行为、方式，在意义上相当于状语。 例如:She did her best. We shall make up our minds. ?宾语表示数量、重量、长度、大小等，在意义上相当于状语。 例如:They walked two miles. The film lasted one and a half hours. This desk weighs 10 kilograms. ?及物动词及其宾语在意义上构成不可分割的固定词组。 例如:I made faces to have the baby laugh. We should never lose heart. ?一些宾语从句也不能变成被动语态，否则意义就变了。 例如:I knew that I was wrong then. (我认识到当时我错了。) It was known that I was wrong then. I was known to be wrong then. (人们知道当时我错了。) 当宾语是抽象名词时。 例如: We showed special interest in science. 当宾语为同源宾语时。 例如: We lived a hard life in the old days. 总之，能否用被动语态，除了应了解英语的一些语法 规则 编码规则下载淘宝规则下载天猫规则下载麻将竞赛规则pdf麻将竞赛规则pdf 之外，还要充分考虑汉语的说话习惯，掌握其普通规律，同时注意一些特殊情况，否则就会出现“中国式英语”，也没法学到“地道的英语”。 【典型例 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 】 1. There’s no light on—they _______be at home . (2006 全国，24) A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. shouldn’t 思路分析:can’t “不可能”，表推测，根据前句语意提示可知应选A项。mustn’t 表示“禁止，不要”，needn’t “不必，没有必要”;shouldn’t “不应该”。 答案:A 2. You ______be tired .You’ve only been working for an hour. (2004 全国，29) A. must not B. won’t C. can’t D. may not 思路分析:根据下文“只工作了一小时，”意为不会累，所以用can not be tired 表示推测， 不可能累。mustn’t 表示“禁止，不要”;won’t “将不”;may not 不可以。 答案:C 3. This is Ted’s photo. We miss him very much . He _______in the earthquake. A. killed B. is killed C. was killed D. was killing 思路分析:照片中的人物在地震中被夺去了生命。他被杀死，显然这种行为发生在过去，所第 4 页 共 9 页 金太阳新课标资源网wx.jtyjy.com 金太阳新课标资源网 wx.jtyjy.com 以应该用过去时态的被动语态。 答案:C 4. Black holes _______not be seen directly ,so determining the number of them is a rough task. A. can B. should C. must D. need 思路分析:考查情态动词的基本用法。题干表示的是“人们无法(不能)直接看到黑洞，所以确定黑洞的数量是一件很难的任务”。故选A项。can not 不能;should not “不应该”;must not “一定不要”;need not “不必，没有必要”。 答案:A 5. You know he is not going to let us leave if we _______get the work done . (2006 上海，26) A. can’t B. may not C. shouldn’t D. mustn’t 思路分析:can 表示能力，意思是“能够”，指有能力做某事。may 表示“可以”，may not 不可以，shouldn’t 表示“不应该”, mustn’t 表示“禁止，不要”。 答案:A 6. —Must he come to sign this paper himself ? (2006 广东省，22) —Yes , he ________. A . need B. must C. may D. will 思路分析:考查情态动词must 的肯定答语为:Yes, he must。must表“必须”时的否定答语为“needn’t”;表猜测时的否定形式为can’t。 答案:B 7. The hero’s story _______differently in the newspaper. A. is being reported B. is reporting C. reports D. has reported 思路分析:英雄的故事和报道之间是一种被动关系，所以首先应该锁定被动语态。本题只有A符合条件。其余都是主动形式。 答案:A 8. —Could I have a word with you , mum? (2006 浙江，9) —Oh dear, if you_______. A. can B. must C. may D. should 思路分析:must表示“一定要”，是一种主观意愿。can 表示有能力;may 表可能;should 表示应该，由于想和妈妈说话，所以用must. 答案:B 9. —May I smoke here ? (2006山东，30) —If you ______, choose a seat in the smoking section. A. should B. could C. may D. must 思路分析:本题要根据前后句的关系来判断，问句:“我能在这抽烟吗,”“如果你一定要抽，应该坐在抽烟区。” 答案:D 10. —Lucy doesn’t mind lending you her dictionary. (2005 湖南，24) —She _______.I’ve already borrowed one . A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. wouldn’t 思路分析:needn’t 表示“没有必要”。根据提供的情景I’ve already borrowed one , 可判断出没有必要再借字典。 答案:C 【模拟试题】(答题时间:30分钟) 一、选择 第 5 页 共 9 页 金太阳新课标资源网wx.jtyjy.com 金太阳新课标资源网 wx.jtyjy.com 1. —Isn’t that Ann’s husband over there? —No, it ______be him . I’m sure he doesn’t wear glasses. A. can’t B. must not C. won’t D. may not 2. You ______be tired —you have worked for more than 8 hours. A. must B. have to C. can’t D. may not 3. I often see lights in that empty house. Do you think I ______report it to the police? A. should B. may C. will D. can 4. The dictionary ______to my English teacher now. A. is belonging B. is belonged C. belonged D. belongs 5. Maybe you have been to many countries ,but nowhere else _______such a beautiful palace. A. can you find B. you could find C. you can find D. could you find 6. Every coin has two sides. Beautiful songs, sometimes, _______be just noise to others. A. must B. would C. may D. should 7. Something was wrong with the car; it _______not start. A. could B. would C. might D. should 8. —I’m thinking of losing weight these days. —Oh, you ______be out of your mind. You’re but 45 kilos. A. will B. should C. may D. must 9. All the employees except the manager _______to work online(在线工作)at home. A. encourages B. encourage C. is encouraged D. are encouraged 10. — Why is Jenny still standing there ? It’s so cold . —She _______for someone . A. can wait B. might C. use be waiting D. should have waited 二、.综合阅读: If the world were a village of 1,000 people it would include: • 584 Asians • 124 Africans • 95 Eastern and Western Europeans • 84 Latin Americans • 55 former Soviets (前苏联) • 52 North Americans • 6 Australians and New Zealanders The people of the village would speak: • 165 Mandarin(普通话) • 86 English • 83 Hindu/Urdu • 64 Spanish • 58 Russian • 37 Arabic The above list covers the mother tongues of only half the village. One-third of the people in the village are children, and only 60 are over the age of 65. Just under 第 6 页 共 9 页 金太阳新课标资源网wx.jtyjy.com 金太阳新课标资源网 wx.jtyjy.com half of the married women in the village have access to modem equipments. This year 28 babies will be born. Ten people will die, 3 of them for lack of food, 1 from cancer. Two of the deaths will be of babies born within the year. With the 28 births and 10 deaths, the population of the village next year will be 1,018. In this village of 1,000 persons, 200 people receive 75 percent of the income; another 200 receive only 2 percent of the income. About one-third have access to clean, safe drinking water. Of the 670 adults in the village, half can not read nor write. The village has a total yearly budget (预算) , public and private, of over $3 million—$ 3 ,000 per person if it is distributed evenly(平均分配). Of the total $3 million: $ 181,000 goes to weapons and warfare(武器和福利) $ 159,000 to education $ 132,000 to health care These weapons are under the control of just 100 of the people. The other 900 are watching them with deep anxiety(焦急), wondering whether they can learn to get along together. 1)Which of the following is true about Mandarin according to the text? A. Nearly one-third of Asian people speak Mandarin in the village. B. About 8.25 per cent of the people speak Mandarin in the village. C. About 16. 5 per cent of the people speak Mandarin in the village. D. Nearly all the Mandarin-speaking people are from Asia in the village. 2)Which of the following problems is NOT mentioned in the text? A. Poverty. B. Education. C. Environment. D. Marriage. 3)The underlined part “have access to” (in Para. 4) means_____. A. use B. buy C. produce D. try 4)The last sentence in the text implies(暗示)that most of the people long for _____. A. a peaceful world B. good education C. better health care D. a life without anxiety 5)The language that the fewest people of the village speak is . A. Russian B. Arabic C. North Americans D. New Zealanders 第 7 页 共 9 页 金太阳新课标资源网wx.jtyjy.com 金太阳新课标资源网 wx.jtyjy.com 【试题答案】 一、选择 1. 结合上下文，这里应是表示推测。只有A项能表示推测。 答案:A 误区警示:本题有一处误区。使用汉语思维，误选B项。注意must不表示否定推测。 深化升华:搞清can’t表示否定推测是解决这一问题的关键。 2. 注意句中破折号后的内容对前一句进行解释说明:你工作了八个小时，所以你肯定很累。 答案:A 误区警示:本题有一处误区。误选B项。注意have to 指“不得不做某事”。 3. 在空房子里看到灯光是一件奇怪的事，所以问:“你是否认为我应当把这事 报告 软件系统测试报告下载sgs报告如何下载关于路面塌陷情况报告535n,sgs报告怎么下载竣工报告下载 给警察,” 答案:A 误区警示:本题有一处误区。误选C项。注意正确理解句意。 深化升华:做此类题需注意不带空的句子所提供的信息。 4. 表示所属关系的belong 没有主动语态和进行时态。另外现在这本字典属于我的老师，所以最后应该选择belongs. 答案:D 误区警示:本题有一处误区。误选A项。因为同学们看到有个词“现在”。 深化升华:做此类题的关键是要记住一些特殊用法， 5. 该题but 连接后一个并列单句是以nowhere else 这一否定词开始，故谓语要倒装，同时上下文时态要一致。 答案:A 误区警示:本题有一处误区。误选C项。注意表示否定意义的词置于分句的句首时也要倒装。 6. may表示“可能，或许”，在语气上适合用于此句中。句意是:“凡事有利有弊，美丽的歌声有时候对别人来说或许就是噪音。“ 误区警示:有些同学受汉语思维的误导，误选A项。注意must用在这里语气太强。 7. would 可以用来表示一种动作倾向。 答案:B 误区警示:本题有一处误区。误选A项。注意在这里不能用could来表示能力。句意为:“车子出了毛病，无法发动起来了。” 8. must是表示对现在的猜测。句意是“你肯定是疯了，你只有45千克，你还考虑减肥”。 答案:D 误区警示:本题有一处误区。误选C项。注意C项语气不够强烈。 9. 本题首先应该确定主语是所有的雇员(except 是介词，后接的介宾对主语的数不产生影响)，其次要确定“雇员”和“鼓励”之间是主动还是被动关系，这样就找出了正确答案。 答案:D 误区警示:有些同学可能会误选C项。以为主语是经理。 深化升华:本题的考点关键在于记住:with, together with, as well as ,besides, except 等介词构成的介宾短语对主语不构成数的影响。 10. 这里是对现在情况的猜测。 答案:C 误区警示:本题有一处误区。误选B项。注意might have waited 是表示对过去情况的猜测。 二、综合阅读 1)C 2)C 3)A 4)A 5)B 第 8 页 共 9 页 金太阳新课标资源网wx.jtyjy.com 金太阳新课标资源网 wx.jtyjy.com 第 9 页 共 9 页 金太阳新课标资源网wx.jtyjy.com