词性变化和词性转换

一、合成 有两个或两个以上的词合成的一个词。如:合成名词、合成形容词、合成副词等。fire + man ----fireman good+looking -----good-looking any+time ----anytime 一、派生 1、前缀:加前缀通常改变词义 反义词: un: healthy---unhealthy usual---unusual happy---unhappy dis: honest---dishonest appear---disappear like---dislike cover---discover im: possible---impossible in: dependent ----independent 一、派生 1、前缀:加前缀通常改变词义 反义词: un: healthy---unhealthy usual---unusual happy---unhappy dis: honest---dishonest appear---disappear like---dislike cover---discover im: possible---impossible in: dependent ----independent 2、后缀:加后缀一般改变词性 (1)名词后缀: -er: manage—manager, own---owner, record---recorder report---reporter, teach---teacher, wait---waiter win----winner, work---worker , write---writer --or: visit---visitor , act---actor, invent---inventor -ress: wait---waitress, act---actress -(t)ion: invent—invention, pollute---pollution, attract—attraction, suggest---suggestion collect---collection, locate---location, operate---operation, protect---protection solve---solution, add---addition 2、后缀:加后缀一般改变词性 (1)名词后缀: -ation: invite---invitation, organize---organization -(s)ion: discuss---discussion, decide---decision -ment: develop---development, amuse—amusement advertise---advertisement -ce: enter---entrance -ing: meet---meeting, paint---painting, say---saying begin---beginning, build---building 2、后缀:加后缀一般改变词性 (2)名词+ist ; er变成 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 示人的名词 -ist: science--scientist, art—artist, tour—tourist -er: farm---farmer, engine---engineer, law---lawyer (3)形容词+ness, ty,ity, th, ce, dom变成名词 -ness: kind—kindness, ill—illness; -ty: safe—safety, difficult—difficulty, honest—honesty -ity: electric—electricity, national—nationality, active—activity, able—ability -th: true—truth, long—length -ce:different—difference, important—importance -dom: free—freedom, wise—wisdom, (2) 动词后缀: 1.名词+ize变成动词:-ize: memory---memorize 2. 形容词+en 变成动词:wide—widen (3). 形容词后缀: 1.名词+ed, ful, y, ly, ive, al, cal, en, (i)an变成形容词 -ed: age—aged, wound—wounded -ful: power—powerful, care—careful, use—useful success—successful, wonder—wonderful -y: wind—windy, rain—rainy, cloud—cloudy snow—snowy, sun—sunny, luck—lucky noise—noisy, health—healthy, fun—funny, -ly: love—lovely, friend—friendly, -ive: act—active -al: education—educational, office—official, nation—national, nature—natural, person—personal, tradition—traditional, physical—physical -cal: history—historical, chemistry—chemical, medicine—medical -en: gold—golden, wood—wooden -(i)an: Australia—Australian, Canada—Canadian Italy—Italian, America—American (4)名词+less 变成形容词,有相反的意思 -less: home—homeless, care—careless, help—helpless life—lifeless, use—useless; 动词+ful, able, ive变成形容词: -ful: forget—forgetful, help—helpful, thank—thankful -able: avail—available, enjoy—enjoyable, change—changeable, -ive: attract—attractive 动词+ed, ing变成形容词 -ed: wound—wounded, fry—fried, please—pleased, surprise—surprised, interest—interested, excite—excited -ing: amuse—amusing, interest—interesting surprise—surprising, excite--exciting (4)副词后缀:形容词+y, ly 变副词 -y: gentle—gently, possible—possibly -ly: accurate—accurately, angry—angrily, beautiful—beautifully, general—generally, clear—clearly, complete—completely, final—finally lucky—luckily, loud—loudly, main—mainly, quick—quickly, quiet—quietly, real—really, recent—recently, usual—usually, safe—safely slow—slowly, serious—seriously, soft—softly wide—widely, true—truly, careful—carefully, happy—happily, heavy—heavily, immediate--immediately (5)基数词后缀: -teen : four—fourteen, five—fifteen, … -ty: three—thirty, eight—eighty, (6) 序数词后缀: -th: five-fifth, six---sixth, nineteen—nineteenth, ninety-ninetieth, nine—ninth 特别注意: one—first—firstly—once two—second—secondly--twice 1、make a phone call-----call me later 2、change her idea---offer me some changes 3、clean our classroom---keep our classroom clean 4、be sunny and clear---clear the street 5、cook food----a chief cook 6、get a thorough check---check our homework 7、correct our mistakes---a correct answer 8、keep us cool---cool the milk 9、in the dark---dark brown 10、from a desire to become rich---desire happiness 11、leave early-----early morning 12、on my other hand----hand me his book 13、a hard apple----work hard 14、hurry to school ----in a hurry 15、look like ----have a look at 16、work late ----at a late hour---be late for 17、process our problem ---a long process 18、water flowers---enough water 19、weak light----light enough for me to lift 20、walk straight----a straight line 21、some books---book a hotel 22、break the rules----have a break 23、a bright boy----a pair of bright eyes 24、a book in a case----deal with a case 25、catch the bus---catch the thief—catch a cold---catch what you said 26、live in the country----work for our country 27、walk through the crowd----be crowded with 28、my dear---a dear earring 29、my experiences in England----be full of experience 30、I don’t know if…,////If it rains,…. 31、run fast----run a restaurant 32、happen to do / happen on Friday 33、manage to do sth./ manage a company 34、the rest of time / have a rest 35、be present a meeting----give me a present----at present 36、still live there-----keep still/stay still----still taller 37、take away---take notes---take a pill---take a bus----It takes sb. some time to do…-----take photos 38、look after patients-----be patient to students 39、Yes, I will.-----Will you…..------a strong will When there is a will, there is a way. 40、by train----train us to be excellent ones 41、get along/on with sb. ----- get along /on with our work 42、go ahead , you’ll find a school on your right.-----May I ask you a question? Go ahead. 43、go in for = take part in------go in for = be fond of 44、our plane will take off-------take off your coat 45、look up at the Oriental Pearl TV Tower= look up a word in the dictionary 46、run/ be out of food--------walk out of the classroom 47、put on my coat---put on my glasses----put on a play 48、take place= be held; take place= happen