文学翻译名篇佳作赏析

文学翻译名篇佳作赏析 冰心 《话说短文》 也许是我的精、气、神都江堰市不足吧，不但自己写不出长的东西，人读一本刊物时，也总是先挑短的看，不论是小说、散文或是其他的文学形式，最后才看长的。 我总觉得，凡是为了非倾吐不可而写的作品，都是充满了真情实感的。反之，只是为写作而写作，如上之为应付编辑朋友，一之为多拿稿费，这类文章大都是尽量地往长里写，结果是即便的一点点的感情，也被冲洗到水分太多、淡而无味的地步。 当由一个人物，一桩事迹，一幅画面而发生的真情实感，向你袭来的时候，它就像一根扎到你心尖上的长针，一阵卷到你面前的怒潮，你只能用最真切、最简练的文字，才能描画出你心尖上的那一阵剧痛和你面前的那一霎惊惶～ 我们伟大的祖国，是有写短文的文学传统的。那部包括上下数千年的《古文观止》，“上起东周，下迄明末，共选辑文章220篇”有几篇是长的,如杜牧的《阿房宫赋》，韩愈的《祭十二郎文》等等，哪一篇不是短而充满了真情实感,今人的巴金的《随感录》，不也是一个实例吗, 1 A Chat about Short Essays Bing Xin Perhaps due to my failing energies, not only haveI refrained from writing anything long, but also, inreading a magazine, for example, I usually finish itsshorter pieces of writing first, be they fiction, proseor any other forms of lite rature, before going on to the longer ones. I always believe that anything written with an irresistible inner urge to unbosom oneselfmust be full of genuine feelings. On the contrary, if one writes simply for the sake of writing—say, to humor one's editor friends, or worse still, to earn more remuneration, one will mostprobably make his writings unnecessarily long until they become, despite what little feeling theymay contain, inflated and wi shy-washy. When true emotions aroused by a person, an event or a scene come upon you like a pinpricking your heart or an angry tide surging threateningly before you, all you can do is use themost vivid and succinct language to descri be the severe pain in your heart or the momentaryfeeling of panic caused by the angry tide. 2 Our great motherland is known for its literary traditio n of short essays. Do you findanything unduly long in A Treasury of Best Ancient Chinese Prose with its 220 essays selectedfrom a period of several thousand years in ancient China from the Eastern Zhou Dynasty downuntil the end of the Ming Dynasty? Aren't the essays in it, like Du Mu's Rhapsody on EpangPalace and Han Yu's An Elegiac Address to My Nephew Shi'erlang, all short and yet full of truefeelings? Isn't A Collection of Random Thoughts by Ba Jin, our contemporary, another likeexample of pithy writing? 巴金 《木匠老陈》 生活的经验固然会叫人忘记许多事情。但是有些记忆过了多少时 间的磨洗也不会消灭。 故乡里那些房屋，那些街道至今还印在我的脑子里。我还记得我 每天到学堂去总要走过的木匠老陈的铺子。 木匠老陈那时不过四十岁光景，脸长的像驴子脸，左眼下面有块 伤疤，嘴唇上略有几根胡须。大家都说他的相貌丑，但是同时人人称 赞他的脾气好。 3 他平日在店里。但是他也经常到相熟的公馆里去做活，或者做包工，或者做零工。我们家里需要木匠的时候，总是去找他。我就在这时候认识他。他在我们家里做活，我只要有空，就跑去看他工作。 我那时注意的，并不是他本人，倒是他的那些工具;什么有轮齿的锯子啦，有两个耳朵的刨子啦，会旋转的钻子啦，像图画里板斧一般的斧子啦。这些奇怪的东西我以前全没有看见过。一块粗糙的木头经过了斧子劈，锯子锯，刨子刨，就变成了一方或者一条光滑整齐的木板，再经过钻子、凿子等等工具以后，又变成了各种各样的东西;像美丽的窗格，镂花的壁板等等细致的物件，都是这样制成的。 老陈和他的徒弟的工作使我的眼界宽了不少。那时我还在家里读书，祖父聘请了一位前清的老秀才来管教我们。老秀才不知道教授的方法，他只教我们认一些字，呆板地读一些书。此外他就把我们关在书房里，端端正正地坐在凳子上，让时间白白地流过去。过惯了这种单调的生活以后，无怪乎我特别喜欢老陈了。 老陈常常弯着腰，拿了尺子和墨线盒在木板上面画什么东西。我便安静地站在旁边专心地望着，连眼珠也不转一下。他画好墨线，便拿起锯子或者凿子来。我有时候觉得有些地方很奇怪，不明白，就问他，他很和气地对我一一说明。他的态度比那个老秀才的好得多。 家里人看见我对老陈的工作感到这么大的兴趣，并不来干涉我，却嘲笑地唤我做老陈的徒弟，父亲甚至开玩笑地说要把我送到老陈那里学做木匠。但这些嘲笑都是好意的，父亲的确喜欢我。因此有一个 4 时候我居然相信父亲真有这样的想法，而且我对老陈说过要跟他学做木匠的话。 “你要学做木匠,真笑话～有钱的少爷应该读书，将来好做官～穷人的小孩才做木匠，”老陈听见我的话，马上就笑起来。 “为什么不该学做木匠,做官有什么好,修房子，做家具，才有趣啊～我做木匠，我要给自己修房子，爬到上面去，爬得高高的，”我看见他不相信我的话，把它只当做小孩子的胡说，我有些生气，就起劲地争论道。 “爬得高，会跌下来，”老陈随口说了这一句，他的笑容渐渐地收起来了。 “跌下来，你骗我～我就没有见过木匠跌下来。” 老陈看我一眼，依旧温和地说:“做木匠修房子，常常拿自己性命来拼。一个不当心在上面滑了脚，跌下来，不跌成肉酱，也会得一辈子的残疾。”他说到这里就埋下头，用力在木板上推他的刨子，木板查查地响着，一卷一卷的刨花接连落在地上。他过了半晌又加了一句:“我爹就是这样子跌死的。” 我不相信他的话。一个人会活活地跌死～我没有看见过，也没有听见人说过。既然他父亲做木匠跌死了，为什么他现在还做木匠呢,我简直想不通。 “你骗我，我不信～那么你为什么还要做木匠,难道你就不怕死～” 5 “做木匠的人这样多，不见得个个都遭横死。我学的是这行手艺，不靠它吃饭又靠什么,”他苦恼地说。然后他抬起头来看我，他的眼角上嵌着泪珠。他哭了～ 我看见他流眼泪，不知道怎么办才好，就跑开了。 不久祖父生病死了，我也进了学堂，不再受那个老秀才的管束了。祖父死后木匠老陈不曾到我们家里来过。但是我每天到学堂去都要经过他那个小小的铺子。 有时候他在店里招呼我;有时候他不在，只有一两个徒弟在那里钉凳子或者制造别的对象。他的店起初还能维持下去，但是不久省城里发生了巷战，一连打了三天，然后那两位军阀因为别人的调解又握手言欢了。老陈的店在这个时候遭到“丘八”的光顾，他的一点点积蓄都给抢光了，只剩下一个空铺子。这以后他虽然勉强开店，生意却很萧条。我常常看见他哭丧着脸在店里做工。他的精神颓丧，但是他仍然不停手地做活。我听说他晚上时常到小酒馆里喝酒。 又过了几个月他的店终于关了门。我也就看不见他的踪迹了。有人说他去吃粮当了兵，有人说他到外县谋生去了。然而有一天我在街上碰见了他。他手里提着一个篮子，里面装了几件木匠用的工具。 “老陈，你还在省城～人家说你吃粮去了～”我快活地大声叫起来。 6 “我只会做木匠，我就只会做木匠～一个人应该安分守己，”他摇摇头微微笑道，他的笑容里带了一点悲哀。他没有什么大改变，只是人瘦了些，脸黑了些，衣服脏了些。 “少爷，你好好读书，你将来做了官，我来给你修房子，”他继续笑说。 我抓住他的袖子，再也说不出一句话来。他告辞走了。他还告诉我他在他从前一个徒弟的店里帮忙。这个徒弟如今发达了，他却在那里做一个匠人。 以后我就没有再看见老陈。我虽然喜欢他，但是过了不几天我又把他忘记了。等到公馆里的轿夫告诉我一个消息的时候，我才记起他来。 那个轿夫 报告 软件系统测试报告下载sgs报告如何下载关于路面塌陷情况报告535n,sgs报告怎么下载竣工报告下载 的是什么消息呢, 他告诉我:老陈同别的木匠一起在南门一家大公馆里修楼房，工程快要完了，但是不晓得怎样，老陈竟然从楼上跌下来，跌死了。 在那么多的木匠里面，偏偏是他跟着他父亲落进了横死的命运圈里。这似乎是偶然，似乎又不是偶然。总之，一个安分守己的人就这样地消灭了。 Carpenter Lao Chen Ba Jin 7 Lots of things are apt to fade from memory asone's life experiences accumulate. But somememories will withs tand the wear and tear of time. Those houses and streets in my home town stillremain engraved on my mind. I still can recall how every day on my way to school I wouldinvariably walk past Carpenter Lao Chen's shop. Carpenter Lao Chen was then only about forty years old, with a longish face like that of adonkey, a scar under hi s left eye, and a wispy moustache on his upper lip. People said helooked ugly, yet they praised him for his good te mper. He usually worked in his own shop. But from time to time he was employed by some richpeople he knew well to work at their residences, either as a hired hand on contra ct or as anoddjobber. Whenever my family needed a carp enter, he was always the man we wanted. Thatwas how I got to know him. While he was in our home, I would come out to watch him work inmy spare time. What attracted my attention, however, was not the man himself, but the tools he used,such as the saw with toothed blade, the plane with two ear-like handles, the revol 8 ving drill —things entirely strange to me. A piece of coar se wood, after being processed with the hatchet,saw and plane, would become pieces of smooth and tidy wood, s quare or rectangular inshape. After further treatment with the chisel, drill, etc., they would end up as various kinds ofexquisite articles, such as beautiful window lattices, ornamental engravings on woodenpartitions. The work which Lao Chen and his apprentices did was a real eye-opener to me. I was thenstudying at home under the tutorship of an old scholar of Qing Dynasty whom my grandfatherhad engaged. The old scholar knew nothi ng about teaching methods. All he did was make melearn some Chinese characters and do some dull reading. Apart from that, he had me coopedup in my study and sit bolt upright doing nothing while time was slipping through my fingers.Because of this monotonous life, it was no wond er that I developed a particular liking forCarpenter Lao C hen. He was often bent over drawing something on a plank with a ruler and an ink marker. AndI would stand by and watch quietly and intently, my eyes riveted on him. After making the linewith the ink marker, he would pick up the 9 saw or the chisel. Sometimes, when somethingpuzzled me, I would ask him questions out of curiosity, and he w ould explain patientlyeverything in detail. He was much more agreeable than the old scholar. My folks, however, showed no sign of disapproval wh en they found me so much interestedin Lao Chen's work, but only teasingly called me an apprentice of his. Father even said jokinglythat he was going to apprentice me to Lao Chen. All that was the well- meaning remarks of anaff ectionate father. Once I even believed that father had meant what he said, and I even toldLao Chen that that was exactly what I had in mind. "You want to learn carpentry?" said Lao Chen immediately with a smile. "No kidding! Awealthy young master like you should study and grow up to be a government official! Only poorpeople's kids learn carpentry." Somewhat annoyed by the way he shrugged off my w ords as childish nonsense, I arguedheatedly, "Why not become a carpenter? What's the good of being a government official? It'sgreat fun to build houses and m 10 ake furniture. If I'm a carpenter, I'll climb high up, very highup, to build a house for myself." "You may fall down if you climb high," said he casually, the smile on his face fading away. "Fall down? You're fooling me! I've never seen a carpe nter fall down." Shooting a glance at me, he continued with undiminished patience. "A carpenter often has to risk his own life in building a house. One careless slip, and youfall down. You'll be disabled for life, if not reduced to pulp." Thereupon, he bent his head and forcefully pushed his plane over a plank, the shavings ofwhich fell continuousl y onto the ground amidst the screeching sound. Then he added after amoment's silence. "That's how my father died." I just could not bring myself to believe it. How could a man die like that? I had never seen ithappen, nor had I ever heard of it. If his father had died of an accident as a ca rpenter, whyshould Lao Chen himself still be carpenter now? I just couldn't figure it out. 11 "You're fooling me. I don't believe you! How come you're still a carpenter? Can you beunafraid of death?" "Lots of guys are in this trade," he went on gloomily. "it doesn't follow that everybodymeets with such a violen t death. Carpentry is my trade. What else could I rely on t o make aliving?" He looked up at me, some teardrops visible from the corners of his eyes. He was crying! I was at a loss when I saw him in tears, so I went awa y quietly. Not long afterwards. My grandpa fell ill and died, and I was enrolled in a school, on longerunder the control of t he old scholar. Lao Chen never came again to work in our household aftergrandpa's death. But every day on my way to school, I would pass his small shop. Sometimes he beckoned me from his shop. Sometimes he was absent, leaving a couple ofhis apprentices there hammering nails into a stool or making some other articles. At first, hecould somehow scrape along. Soon street fighting broke out in the provincial capital, lastingthree days until the dispute between two warlords was settled thro ugh the mediation of thirdparty. In the course of fighting, soldiers looted Lao Chen's shop until it was empty ofeverything. After that, nevertheless, he still managed to kee p his shop open though businesswas bad. I often saw him working in his shop with a saddened look on his face. Dejected as hewas, he worked on as usual. I heard that he oft 12 en went drinking at a small wine shop in theevening. Several months later, his shop closed down for good and I lost all trace of him. Some saidhe had gone soldiering, others said he had gone to another county to seek a livelihood. Oneday, however, I ran into him in the street. He w as carrying a basket filled with some carpenter'stools. "Lao Chen," I yelled out in joy, "you're still here in the provincial capital! People say you' rejoined up!" "I'm good at noting else but carpentry! One should be content with one's lot," he shook hishead, wearing a faint smile with a touch of sorrow. There was not much change in him exceptthat he was thinner, his face darker and his clothes more dirty. "Young master," he continued smilingly, "you should study hard. Let me build a house foryou come day when you're a government official." I took hold of his sleeve, unable to utter a word. He sa id goodbye to me and went away. Hehad told me that he was now working at the shop of former apprentice of his. The apprenticewas doing quite well while Lao Chen was now his hired hand. Thenceforth I never saw Lao Chen again. Much as I liked him, I soon forgot him. It was notuntil the sedan-chair bearer of a rich household passed on me the news that I r emembered himagain. What news did the sedan-chair bearer tell me? 13 He told me: tighter with other carpenters, was building a mansion for a rich household atthe southern city gate. When it was nearing completion, it suddenly came to pass that he felloff building and died. Why did Lao Chen, of all carpenters, die such a violen t death like his father? All that seemsaccidental, and also seems predestined. In short, an honest man has thus pas sed out ofexistence. 李大钊 《艰难的国运与雄健的国民》 历史的道路，不会是坦平的，有时走到艰难险阻的境界。这是全 靠雄健的精神才能冲过去的。 一条浩浩荡荡的长江大河，有时流到很宽阔的境界，平原无际， 一泻万里。有时流到很逼狭的境界，两岸丛山迭岭，绝壁断崖，江河 流于期间，回环曲折，极其险峻。民族生命的进展，其经历亦复如是。 人类在历史上的生活正如旅行一样。旅途上的征人所经过的地 方，有时是坦荡平原，有时是崎岖险路。志于旅途的人，走到平坦的 地方，因是高高兴兴地向前走，走到崎岖的境界，俞是奇趣横生，觉 得在此奇绝壮绝的境界，俞能感到一种冒险的美趣。 14 中华民族现在所逢的史路，是一段崎岖险阻的道路。在这段道路 上，实在亦有一种奇绝壮绝的境至，使我们经过此段道路的人，感得 一种壮美的趣味，是非有雄健的精神的，不能够感觉到的。 我们的扬子江、黄河，可以代表我们的民族精神，扬子江及黄河 遇见沙漠、遇见山峡都是浩浩荡荡的往前流过去，以成其浊流滚滚， 一泻万里的魄势。目前的艰难境界，那能阻抑我们民族生命的前进。 我们应该拿出雄健的精神，高唱着进行的曲调，在这悲壮歌声中，走 过这崎岖险阻的道路。要知在艰难的国运中建造国家，亦是人生最有 趣味的事„„ National Crisis vs Heroic Nation Li Dazhao The course of history is never smooth. It issometimes beset with difficulties and obstacles andnothing short of a heroic spirit can help surmountthem. A mighty long river sometimes flows through a broad section with plains lying boundlesson either side, its waters rolling on non-stop for thousands upon thousands of miles.Sometimes it comes up against a narrow section flanked by high mountains and steep cliffs,winding through a co 15 urse with many a perilous twist and turn. A nation, in the course of itsdevelopment, fares likewise. The historical course of man's life is just like a journey. A traveler on a long journey passesthrough now a broad, level plain, now a rugged, hazardous road. While a deter mined travelercheerfully continues his journey upon reaching a safe and smooth place, he finds it still morefascin ating to come to a rugged place, the enormously magnif icent spectacle of which, hefeels, is better able to generat e in him a wonderful sensation of adventure. The Chinese nation is now confronted with a rugged and dangerous section of its historicalcourse. Nevertheless, there is also in this a spectacle of enormous magn ificence thatinspires in us passers-by a delightful sensat ion of splendor. And this delightful sensation,however, can only be shared by those with a heroic spirit. The Yangtze River and the Yellow River are both symb olic of our national spirit the twomighty rivers negotiate deserts and gorges until their turbid torrents surge forwa rd withirresistible force. The present national crisis can never obstruct the advance of our national life.Let us brace up our spirits and march through this rugged, dangerous 16 road to the tune of oursolemn, stirring songs. The greate st joy of life, mind you, is to build up our country during it smost difficult days. 冰心 《雪雨时候的星辰》 寒暑表降到冰点下十八度的时候，我们也是在廊下睡觉。每夜最熟识的就是天上的星辰了。也不过是点点闪烁的光明，而相看惯了，偶然不见，也有些想望与无聊。 连夜雨雪，一点星光都看不见。荷和我拥衾对坐，在廊子的两角，遥遥谈话。 荷指着说:“你看维纳斯(Venus)升起来了～”我抬头望时，却是山路转折处的路灯。我怡然一笑，也指着对山的一星灯火说:“那边是丘比特(Jupiter)呢～” 愈指愈多。松林中射来零乱的风灯，都成了满天星宿。真的，雪花隙里，看不出来天空和森林的界限，将繁灯当作繁星，简直是抵得过。 一念至诚的将假作真，灯光似乎都从地上飘起。这幻成的星光，都不移动，不必半夜梦醒时，再去追寻他们的位置。 于是雨雪寂寞之夜，也有了慰安了～ 17 Stars on a Snowy Night Bing Xin The thermometer had dropped to 18 degreesbelow z ero, but we still choose to sleep in the porchas usual. In the evening, the most familiar sight tome would be stars in the sky. Though they were onlysprinkle of twinkling dots, yet I had become so accustomed to them that their occa sionalabsence would bring me loneliness and ennui. It had been snowing all night, not a single star in sight. My roommate and I, each wrappedin a quilt, were seate d far apart in a different corner of the porch, facing each other andchatting away. She exclaimed pointing to something afar, "Look, Venus is rising!" I looked up and sawnothing but a lamp round the bend in a mountain path. I beamed and sa id pointing to a tinylamplight on the opposite mountain, "It's Jupiter over there!" More and more lights came into sight as we kept pointing here and there. Lights fromhurricane lamps flickering about in the pine forest created the scene of a star-studd ed sky.With the distinction between sky and forest obsc 18 ured by snowflakes, the numerous lamp-lights now easily passed for as many stars. Completely lost in a make-believe world, I seemed to see all the lamplights drifting from theground. With the illu sory stars hanging still overhead, I was spared the effort of tracing theirposition when I woke up from my dreams i n the dead of light. Thus I found consolation even on a lonely snowy nigh t. 冰心 《笑》 雨声渐渐的住了，窗帘后隐隐的透进清光来。推开窗户一看，呀～ 凉云散了，树叶上的残滴，映著月儿，好似萤光千点，闪 闪烁烁的 动着。„„真没想到苦雨孤灯之后，会有这么一幅清美的图画～ 凭窗站了一会儿，微微的觉得凉意侵入。转过身来，忽然眼花缭 乱，屋子里的别的东西，都隐在光云里;一片幽辉，只浸着墙上画中 的安琪儿。„„这白衣的安琪儿，抱着花儿，扬着翅儿，向着我微微 的笑。 19 “这笑容仿佛在那儿看见过似的，什么时候，我曾„„” 我不知不觉的便坐在窗口下想，„„默默的想。 严闭的心幕，慢慢的拉开了，涌出五年前的一个印象。„„一条很长的古道。驴脚下的泥，兀自滑滑的。田沟里的水，潺潺的流着。近村的绿树，都笼在湿烟里。弓儿似的新月，挂在树梢。一边走着，似乎道旁有一个孩子，抱着一堆灿白的东西。驴儿过去了，无意中回头一看。„„他抱着花儿，赤着脚儿，向着我微微的笑。 “这笑容又仿佛是哪儿看见过似的～” 我仍是想„„默默的想。 又现出一重心幕来，也慢慢的拉开了，涌出十年前的一个印象。„„茅檐下的雨水，一滴一滴的落到衣上来。土阶边的水泡儿，泛来泛去的乱转。门前的麦垅和葡萄架子，都濯得新黄嫩绿的非常鲜丽。„„一会儿好容易雨晴了，连忙走下坡儿去。迎头看见月儿从海面上来了，猛然记得有件东西忘下了，站住了，回过头来。这茅屋里的老妇人„„她倚着门儿，抱着花儿，向着我微微的笑。 这同样微妙的神情，好似游丝一般，飘飘漾漾的合了拢来，绾在一起。 20 这时心下光明澄静，如登仙境，如归故里。眼前浮现的三个笑容， 一时融化在爱的调和里看不分明了。 Smile Bing Xin As the rain gradually ceased to patter, a glimmer of light began to filter into the room through the window curtain. I opened the window and looked out. Ah, the rain clouds had vanished and the remaining raindrops on the tree leaves glistened tremulously under the moonlight like myriads of fireflies. To think that there should appear before my eyes such a beautiful sight after the miserable rain on a lovely evening. Standing at the window for a while, I felt a bit chilly. As I turned round, my eyes suddenly dazzled before the bright light and could not see things distinctly. Everything in the room was blurred by the haze of light except the angel in a picture on the wall. The angel in white was smiling on me 21 with a bunch of flowers in his arms, his wings flapping. "I seem to have seen the same smile before. When was that?..."Before I knew, I had sunk into the chair under the window, lost in meditation. A scene of five years ago slowly unveiled before my mind's eye. It was a long ancient country road. The ground under my donkey's feet was slippery with mud. The water in the field ditches was murmuring. The green trees in the neighboring village were shrouded in a mist. The crescent new moon looked as if hanging on the tips f the tree. As I passed along, I somehow sensed the presence of a child by the roadside carrying something snow white in his arms. After the donkey had gone by, I happened to look back and saw the child, who was barefoot, looking at me smilingly with a bunch of flowers in his arms. "I seem to have seen the same smile somewhere before!" I was still thinking to myself. Another scene, a scene of ten years ago, slowly unfolded 22 before my mind's eye. Rainwater was falling drop by drop on to my clothes from the eaves of thatched cottage. Beside the earthen doorstep, bubbles in puddles of rainwater were whirling about like mad. Washed by the rain, the wheat fields and grape trellises in front of the cottage door presented a picturesque scene of vivid yellow and tender green. After a while, it cleared up at long last and I hurried down the slope. Up ahead I saw the moon rising high above the sea. Suddenly it occurred to me that I had left something behind. When I stopped and turned around, my eyes fell on an old woman at her cottage door smiling at me, a bunch of flowers in her arms. The three subtle smiles, drifting in the air towards each other like gossamer, became interwoven. At this moment all was right, clear and calm in my heart. I felt as if I were ascending to heaven or on my way back to my hometown. In my mind's eye, the three smiling faces now merged into a harmonious whole of love and became indistinguishable. 23 北岛 《回答》 卑鄙是卑鄙者的通行证， 高尚是高尚者的墓志铭， 看吧，在那镀金的天空中， 飘满了死者弯曲的倒影。 冰川纪过去了， 为什么到处都是冰凌, 好望角发现了， 为什么死海里千帆相竞, 我来到这个世界上， 只带着纸、绳索和身影， 为了在审判前， 宣读那些被判决的声音。 告诉你吧，世界 我——不——相——信～ 纵使你脚下有一千名挑战者， 那就把我算作第一千零一名。 24 我不相信天是蓝的， 我不相信雷的回声， 我不相信梦是假的， 我不相信死无报应。 如果海洋注定要决堤， 就让所有的苦水都注入我心中， 如果陆地注定要上升， 就让人类重新选择生存的峰顶。 新的转机和闪闪星斗， 正在缀满没有遮拦的天空。 那是五千年的象形文字， 那是未来人们凝视的眼睛。 The Answer Bei Dao Baseness is a passport for the base, Honour an epitaph for the honourable. See how the gilded sky teems With the twisted shadows of the dead. 25 The ice age is over, So why does ice still bind the world? The Cape of Good Hope has been discovered, So why is the Dead Sea still thick with sails? I come into this world Carrying only paper, rope and a shadow, To proclaim before judgment is passed This plea of the judged: Listen to me, world, I—do—not—believe! If a thousand challengers lie beneath your feet Then I am number one thousand and one. I don't believe the sky is blue; I don't believe the thunder's roar; I don't believe that dreams are false; I don't believe that death has no revenge. If the ocean is destined to breach the dike; Then let its bitter water pour into my soul; 26 If the land is destined to rise, Then let mankind choose a new mountain for survival. The vast unobstructed firmament Is lit with glimmering stars; They are a new turning: These hieroglyphs of the ages, These staring eyes of the future. 席慕容 《山路》 我好像答应过你 要和你 一起 走上那条美丽的山路 你说 那坡上种满了新茶 还有细密的相思树 我好像答应过你 在一个遥远的春日下午 而今夜 在灯下 梳我初白的发 忽然记起了一些没能 实现的诺言 一些 27 无法解释的悲伤 在那条山路上 少年的你 是不是 还在等我 还在急切地向来处张望 Hill Path Xi Murong It seemed that I had promised To go together with you Up that beautiful hill path. You said the hillside was dotted With new tea trees and love peas It seemed I had promised you to go On a spring afternoon long ago Tonight, under the light When I was combing my graying hair It suddenly came to me the promise That I failed to live up to And I was overwhelmed by some inexplicable sadness. 28 On that hill path Are you, a young lad as you were, Still waiting for me? Still eagerly looking around? 夏丐尊 《我之于书》 二十年来，我生活费中至少十分之一二是消耗在书上的。我的房子里比较贵重的东西就是书。 我一向没有对于任何问 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 作高深研究的野心，因之所买的书范围较广，宗教，艺术，文学，社会，哲学，历史，生物，各方面差不多都有一点。最多的是各国文学名著的译本，与本国古来的诗文集，别的门类只是些概论等类的入门书而已。 我不喜欢向别人或图书馆借书。借来的书，在我好像过不来瘾似的，必要是自己买的才满足。这也可谓是一种占有的欲望。买到了几册新书，一册一册地加盖藏书印记，我最感到快悦的是这时候。 书籍到了我的手里，我的习惯是先看序文，次看目录。页数不多的往往立刻通读，篇幅大的，只把正文任择一二章节略加翻阅，就插在书架上。除小说外，我少有全体读完的大部的书，只凭了购入当时的记忆，知道某册书是何种性质，其中大概有些什么可取的 材料 关于××同志的政审材料调查表环保先进个人材料国家普通话测试材料农民专业合作社注销四查四问剖析材料 而已。什么书在什么时候再去读再去翻，连我自己也无把握，完全要看一个时期的兴趣。关于这事，我常自比为古时的皇帝，而把插在架上的书譬诸列屋而居的宫女。 29 我虽爱买书，而对于书却不甚爱惜。读书的时候，常在书上把我 所认为要紧的处所标出。线装书大概用笔加圈，洋装书竟用红铅笔划 粗粗的线。经我看过的书，统体干净的很少。 据说，任何爱吃糖果的人，只要叫他到糖果铺中去做事，见了糖 果就会生厌。自我入书店以后，对于书的贪念也已消除了不少了，可 是仍不免要故态复萌，想买这种，想买那种。这大概因为糖果要用嘴 去吃，摆存毫无意义，而书则可以买了不看，任其只管插在架上的缘 故吧。 Books and I Xia Mianzun For twenty years past, books have eaten into atleast 10-20 percentof my pocket. Now the onlythings of some value under my roof, if any, aremybooks. Since I have never entertained ambition for making a profound studyof any subject, thebooks I have acquired cover almost everything-religion,art, literature, sociology, philosophy,history, biology, etc. Most of them areChinese translations of literary works by famous foreignwriters andanthologies of Chinese poetry and prose through the ag 30 es. The rest, oftencalled anoutline or introduction, are m erely on rudiments of various subjects. I never care to borrow books from other people or a library. Itseems that books bought canbetter satisfy my bibliomania than books borrowed.You may also attribute this to some sort ofdesire for personal possessions.Whatever I have some new acquisitions, it always gives megreat pleasure andsatisfaction to stamp my exlibris on them one-by -one. As soon as a new book comes to hand, I always read the preface firstand then the table ofcontents. If it happens to be a thin one, I often finishit at one sitting. Otherwise, I often browsethrough one or two chapters orsections before putting it onto my bookshelf. I seldom read athick book fromcover to cover unless it is a novel. By dint of the first impression it made onmeat the time of buying, I have a rough idea of what a book is about and whatuseful materials init are available to me. But I have little idea which bookis to be read or looked over again atwhat time. It is completely subject tothe whims of the moment. This often prompts me to likenmyself and the books onmy shelf 31 respectively to an ancient emperor and his concubineshousedseparately in a row of adjoining rooms. Much as I loved books, I take little care of them. In doing myreading, I often mark out whatI regard as important in a book. If it is athread-bound Chinese book, I use a writing brush todraw small circles asmarkings. Otherwise, I use a red pencil to draw heavy underlines.Consequently,the books I have read are rarely clean. It is said that those who have a great liking for candies willsicken to see them when laterthey happen to work in a candy store. Likewise,ever since I began to work in a bookstore, myobsession with books has beenvery much o n the decline. Nevertheless, I still cannot helpslipping back intothe same old rut, eager to buy this or book. Thi s is probablybecausecandies are to be eaten with the mouth and not worth keeping as knickknackswhilebooks can b e bought without being read and just left on a shelf. 老舍 《小麻雀》 雨后，院里来了个麻雀，刚长全了羽毛。它在院里跳，有时飞一下， 不过是由地上飞到花盆沿上，或由花盆上飞下来。看它这么飞了两三 次，我看出来:它并不会飞得再高一些。它的左翅的几根长翎拧在一 处，有一根特别的长，似乎要脱落下来。我试着往前凑，它跳一跳， 32 可是又停住，看着我，小黑豆眼带出点要亲近我又不完全信任的神气。我想到了:这是个熟鸟，也许是自幼便养在笼中的。所以它不十分怕人。可是它的左翅也许是被养着它的或别个孩子给扯坏，所以它爱人，又不完全信任。想到这个，我忽然的很难过。一个飞禽失去翅膀是多么可怜。这个小鸟离了人恐怕不会活，可是人又那么狠心，伤了它的翎羽。它被人毁坏了，而还想依靠人，多么可怜!它的眼带出进退为难的神情，虽然只是那么个小而不美的小鸟，它的举动与表情可露出极大的委屈与为难。它是要保全它那点生命，而不晓得如何是好。对它自己与人都没有信心，而又愿找到些倚靠。它跳一跳，停一停，看着我，又不敢过来。我想拿几个饭粒诱它前来，又不敢离开，我怕小猫来扑它。可是小猫并没在院里，我很快地跑进厨房，抓来了几个饭粒。及至我回来，小鸟已不见了。我向外院跑去，小猫在影壁前的花盆旁蹲着呢。我忙去驱逐它，它只一扑，把小鸟擒住～被人养惯的小麻雀，连挣扎都不会，尾与爪在猫嘴旁搭拉着，和死去差不多。 瞧着小鸟，猫一头跑进厨房，又一头跑到西屋。我不敢紧追，怕它更咬紧了可又不能不追。虽然看不见小鸟的头部，我还没忘了那个眼神。那个预知生命危险的眼神。那个眼神与我的好心中间隔着一只小白猫。来回跑了几次，我不追了。追上也没用了，我想，小鸟至少已半死了。猫又进了厨房，我愣了一会儿，赶紧的又追了去;那两个黑豆眼仿佛在我心内睁着呢。 33 进了厨房，猫在一条铁筒——冬天升火通烟用的，春天拆下来便放在厨房的墙角——旁蹲着呢。小鸟已不见了。铁筒的下端未完全扣在地上，开着一个不小的缝儿，小猫用脚往里探。我的希望回来了，小鸟没死。小猫本来才四个来月大，还没捉住过老鼠，或者还不会杀生.只是叼着小鸟玩一玩。正在这么想，小鸟忽然出来了，猫倒像吓了一跳，往后躲了躲。小鸟的样子.我一眼便看清了，登时使我要闭上了眼。小鸟几乎是蹲着，胸离地很近，像人害肚痛蹲在地上那样。它身上并没血。身子可似乎是拳在一块，非常的短。头低着，小嘴指着地。那两个黑眼珠!非常的黑，非常的大，不看什么，就那么顶黑顶大的愣着。它只有那么一点活气，都在眼里，像是等着猫再扑它，它没力量反抗或逃避;又像是等肴猫赦免了它，或是来个救星。生与死都在这俩眼里，而并不是清醒的。它是胡涂了，昏迷了:不然为什么由铁筒中出来呢可是，虽然昏迷，到底有那么一点说不清的，生命根源的，希望。这个希望使它注视着地上，等着，等着生或死。它怕得非常的忠诚气完全把自己交给了一线的希望，一点也不动。像把生命要从两眼中流出，它不叫也不动。 小猫没再扑它，只试着用小脚碰它。它随着击碰倾侧，头不动，眼不动，还呆呆地注视着地上。但求它能活着，它就决不反抗。可是并非全无勇气，它是在猫的面前不动～我轻轻地过去，把猫抓住。将猫放在门外，小鸟还没动。我双手把它捧起来。它确是没受了多大的伤.虽然胸上落了点毛。它看了我一眼! 34 我没主意:把它放了吧，它准是死;养着它吧，家中没有笼子。 我捧着它，好像世上一切生命都在我的掌中似的，我不知怎样好。小 鸟不动，拳着身，两眼还那么黑，等着!愣了好久，我把它捧到卧室 里，放在桌子上，看着它，它又愣了半夭，忽然头向左右歪了歪用它 的黑眼睁了一下;又不动了，可是身子长出来一些，还低头看着，似 乎明白了点什么。 A Little Sparrow Lao She As soon as the rain stopped, a little sparrow,almost full-fledged,flew into the courtyard. Ithopped, fluttered, dart ing up to the edge offlowerpots and back to the ground again. Watchingit move up and down a couple oftimes, I realized that it could not fly any higher as the plumeson its leftwing had got twisted with one sticking out as if about to come off. When I madeanattempt to move closer, it jumped off a bit and stopped again, staring backat me with its small,black and bean-like eyes that had a mixed look of wantingto be friends with me and not beingcertain that I wa s trustworthy. It occurredto me that this must be a tam e bird, having beencaged since it was hatchedperhaps. No wonder it was not much scared of my presence. Its leftw ing mighthave been impaired by some kid and that was why there was distrust in itslookthough it showed some in timacy with man. Suddenly I was seized with sadness.Howmiserable it was for a bird to lose its wings! Without so 35 meone taking careof it this small thingcould not survive. But man had injured its wing. Howcruel he was! Injured as it was, it stillwanted to rely on man. How pitiable!The look in its eyes showed that the little creature was oftwo minds. It wassmall and by no means pretty, yet its gestures and expressions revealed thatithad been wronged and landed in a difficult situation. It was anxious to keepits delic ate life outof danger, but it did not know what to do. It had littleconfidence in itself and less trust in man,but it needed someone to rely on.It hopped and stopped, looking at me but too shy to comeover. I thought offetching some cooked rice to attract it, but I dared not leave it alone lestitshould be attacked by the kitten. As the kitten was not ar ound at the moment, Ihurried tothe kitchen and came ba ck with a few grains only to find the bindmissing. I ran to the outeryard and saw the kitten crouching by a flower po tin front of the screen wall. I hastened todrive her away b ut, with a quickjump, she caught hold of the bird. The ta me sparrow, with itstail and clawsdangling from the kitten's mouth, did not even know how to struggle. Itlookedmore dead than alive. With my eyes fixed on the bird, I watched the kitten runfirst to thekitchen and then to the ram at the west end. I was afraid to presshard after her, but I had tofollow her in case she should tighten her jaws.Though the bird's head was not visible to me,the look of antic ipated danger inits eyes was vivid in my wind. Between i ts look and mysympathy stood thatsmall white cat. Havin 36 g run a few rounds after her I quit, thinking itwaspointless to chase her like that because, by the time I caught her, the birdwould have beenhalf dead. When the cat slipped back to the kitchen again, Ihesitated for a second and thenhurried over there too. It seemed, in my mind'seye, the little bird were pleading for help withits two black bean-lik e eyes. In the kitchen I noticed the cat was crouching by a ti n pipe whichwas installed as smokeduct in winter and dis mantled in spring, at the corner,but the bird was not with her. The pipeleaned against the corner and, betweenits lower end and the floor; there was an openingthrough which the cat wasprobing with her paws. My hope revived: the bird was not dead. Asthe kittenwas less than four months old, it had not learned how to catch mice, or how tokill forthat matter. It was merely holding the bird in its mouth and havingfun with it. While I wasthinking along these lines the little bird suddenlyemerged and the kitten, taken ab ack, boltedbackward. The way the little birdlooked was so registered to me at the first glance that I feltlike shutting myeyes immediately. It was virtually crouching, with its chest close to thefloor, likea man suffering from a stomachache. There was no stain of blood onits body, but it seem ed tobe shrinking up into itself. Its head dropped low,its small beak pointing to the floor. Its twoblack eyes, unseeing, were veryblack and large, looking lost. The little life left in it was al in theeyes.It seemed to be expecting the cat t 37 o charge again, with no strength to resistor run; orwishing that the cat would be kind enough to pardon it or that so mesaviour would come alongto its rescue. Life and death coexisted in its eyes. Ithought the bin must be confused orstunned, or else why should it have comeout from the pipe? Stunned as it was, it stillcherished some hope which, though hard to define, was the source of life. With that h ope itgazed at thefloor, expecting either to survive or die. I was so really scared that itbecamecompletely motionle ss, leaving itself all to the precarious hope. Itkept quiet and still as ifwaiting for its life to flow out of its eyes. The kitten made no more attempts to attack it. She only tried totouch it with her littlepaws. As the kitten touc hed it, it tilted from side toside, its head undisturbed and its eyeslooking blank at the floor. It wouldnot fight back so long as there was a chance of survival. Butthe bird had notlost all of its courage; it acted this way only with the cat. I went overlight-footed, picked up the cat and put her outside the door, the sparrowremaining where it was.When I took it up in my hands and looked, it was riotseriously injured, though some fluff hadcome off its chest. It was lo oking atme. I had no idea what to do. If I let it go, it was sure to die; if I keptit with me, I did not have acage for it. I held it in my hands as if holdingall the lives in the world, not knowing what to do.The sparrow huddled up,motionless, its eyes as black as ever, still expectant. It remained thatwa 38 yfor a long while. I took it to my bedroom, put it on the desk and watched itfor a fewmoments. Suddenly it tilted its head left and then right, winking itsblack eyes once or twice,and became still again. By now its body seemed tohave stretched a bit, but it still kept its headlow as if it had und erstoodsomething. 梁实秋 《时间即生命》 最令人怵目惊心的一件事，是看着钟表上的秒针一下一下的移动，每 移动一下就是表示 我们的寿命已经缩短了一部分。再看看墙上挂着 的可以一张张撕下的日历，每天撕下一张就 是表示我们的寿命又缩 短了一天。因为时间即生命。没有人不爱惜他的生命，但很少人珍视 他的时间。如果想在有生之年做一点什么事，学一点什么学问，充实 自己，帮助别人，使生 命成为有意义，不虚此生，那么就不可浪费 光阴。这道理人人都懂，可是很少人真能积极不 懈的善为利用他的 时间。 我自己就是浪费了很多时间的一个人。我不打麻将，我不经常听戏看 电影，几年中难得一次，我不长时间看电视，通常只看半个小时，我 也不串门子闲聊天。有人问我:“那么你大部分时间都做了些什么 呢,”我痛自反省，我发现，除了职务上的必须及人情上所不能 免 的活动之外，我的时间大部分都浪费了。我应该集中精力，读我所未 39 读过的书，我应该利 用所有时间，写我所要写的东西，但是我没能这样做。我的好多的时间都糊里糊涂的混过去了，“少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。” 例如我翻译莎士比亚，本来 计划 项目进度计划表范例计划下载计划下载计划下载课程教学计划下载 于课余之暇每年翻译两部，二十年即可完成，但是我用了三十年，主要的原因是懒。翻译之所以完成，主要的是因为活得相当长久，十分惊险。翻译完成之后，虽然仍有工作计划，但体力渐衰，有力不从心之感。假使年轻的时候鞭策自己，如今当有较好或较多的表现。然而悔之晚矣。 再例如，作为一个中国人，经书不可不读。我年过三十才知道读书自修的重要。我披阅，我圈点，但是恒心不足，时作时辍。五十以学易，可以无大过矣，我如今年过八十，还 没有接触过《易经》，说来惭愧。史书也很重要。我出国留学的时候，我父亲买了一套同文石印的前四史，塞满了我的行箧的一半空间，我在外国混了几年之后又把前四史原封带回来了。 直到四十年后才鼓起勇气读了《通鉴》一遍。现在我要读的书太多，深感时间有限。 无论做什么事，健康的身体是基本条件。我在学校读书的时候，有所谓“强迫运动”， 我踢破过几双球鞋，打断过几只球拍。因此侥幸维持下来最低限度的体力。老来打过几年太极拳，目前则以散步 40 活动筋骨而已。寄语年轻朋友，千万要持之以恒的从事运动，这不是 嬉戏，不是浪费时间。健康的身体是作人做事的真正的本钱。 Time is Life Liang Shiqiu It is most startling to hear a watch or clock clicking away theseconds, each click indicating the shortening of one's life by a little bit. Likewise,with each page torn off the wall calendar, one's life is shortened by anotherday. Time, therefore, is life. Nevertheless, few people treasure their time asmuch as their life. Time must not be wasted if you want to do your bit in yourremaining years or acquire some useful knowledge to improve yourself and helpothers, so that your life may turn out to be significant and fruitful. All thatis foolproof, yet few people really strive to make the best use of their time. Personally, I am also a fritterer. I don't play mahjong. I seldom goto the theatre or cinema-I go there maybe only once every few years. I seldomspend long hours watching TV- usually I watch TV for no more than 30 minutes ata 41 sitting. Nor do I go visiting and gossiping from door to door. Some peopleasked me, "Then what do you do with most of your time?" Introspectingwith remorse, I found that apart from the time earmarked from my job andunavoidable social activities, most of my time had been wasted. I should haveconcentrated my energies on reading whatever books I have not yet read. Ishould have utilized all my time in writing anything I want to write. But I'vefailed to do so. Very much of my time has been frittered away aimlessly. As thesaying goes, "One who does not work hard in youth will grieve in vain inold age." Take the translation of Shakespeare for example. I had initiallyplanned to spend twenty years of my spare time in doing the translation,finishing two plays a year. But I spent 30 years instead, due primarily to myslothfulness. The whole project would probably had fallen through had it notfor my fairly long life. After that I had other plans for work, but, because ofmy approaching senility, somehow I failed to do what I had wished to. Had Ispurred myself on in my youth, I would have done more and better work. Alas, itis too late to repent. 42 Another example. The reading of Chinese classics is a must for allChinese. But it was not until I was over 30 that I came to realize theimportance of self-study in the matter of classics. I did read carefullythough, marking words and phrases for special attention with small circles anddots. But my efforts at self-study were off and on. Confucius says, "Ishall be free of great faults if I can live long enough to begin the study ofYi at the age of 50." I feel ashamed to admit that I haven't even touchedYi though I am now over 80. Chinese history books are equally important. When Iwas leaving China to study abroad, father brought a set of Tong Wenlithographic edition of the First Four Books of History, and crammed them intomy traveling box, taking up half of its space. Several years later, however,after drifting alone abroad, I returned home carrying with me the same booksall unread. It was not until 40 years later that I plucked up enough courage toread through Tong Jian***. So many books still remain to read, and I muchregret not having enough time to do it. Whatever you do, you need a sound body first of all. In my schooldays, in response to the so-called "compulsory 43 physical exercises", Iwent in for many sports at the expense of many pairs of sneakers and rackets,thus luckily building up a minimum of good physique. When I was approaching oldage, I did tai ji quan( shadow boxing) for several years. Now I only do somewalking exercises. Dear young friends, my advice to you is: Do physicalexercises perseveringly. That has nothing to do with merry-making ortime-wasting. Good health is the wherewithal for a successful life and career. 余光中 《七律?尺素寸心》 接读朋友的来信，尤其是远自海外犹带着异国风云的航空信，确 是人生一大快事，如果无须回信的话。回信，是读信之乐的一大代价。 久不回信，屡不回信，接信之乐必然就相对减少，以致于无，这时， 友情便暂告中断了，直到有一天在赎罪的心情下，你毅然回起信来。 蹉跎了这么久，接信之乐早变成欠信之苦，我便是这么一位屡犯的罪 人，交游千百，几乎每一位朋友都数得出我的前科来的。英国诗人奥 登曾说，他常常搁下重要的信件不回，躲在家里看他的侦探小说。王 尔德有一次对韩黎说:“我认得不少人，满怀光明的远景来到伦敦， 但是几个月后就整个崩溃了，因为他们有回信的习惯。”显然王尔德 认为，要过好日子，就得戒除回信的恶习。可见怕回信的人，原不止 我一个。 44 回信，固然可畏，不回信，也绝非什么乐事。书架上经常叠着百多封未回之信，“债龄”或长或短，长的甚至在一年以上，那样的压力，也绝非一个普通的罪徒所能负担的。一叠未回的信，就像一群不散的阴魂，在我罪深孽重的心底憧憧作崇。理论上说来，这些信当然是要回的。我可以坦然向天发誓，在我清醒的时刻，我绝未存心不回人信。问题出在技术上。给我一整个夏夜的空闲，我该先回一年半前的那封信呢，还是7个月前的这封,隔了这么久，恐怕连谢罪自谴的有效期也早过了吧,在朋友的心目中，你早已沦为不值得计较的妄人。“莫名其妙～”是你在江湖上一致的评语。 其实，即使终于鼓起全部的道德勇气，坐在桌前，准备偿付信债于万一，也不是轻易能如愿的。七零八落的新简旧信，漫无 规则 编码规则下载淘宝规则下载天猫规则下载麻将竞赛规则pdf麻将竞赛规则pdf 地充塞在书架上、抽屉里，有的回过，有的未回，“只在此山中，云深不知处”，要找到你决心要回的那一封，耗费的时间和精力，往往数倍于回信本身。再想象朋友接信时的表情，不是喜出望外，而是余怒重炽，你那一点决心就整个崩溃了。你的债，永无清偿之日。不回信，绝不等于忘了朋友，正如世上绝无忘了债主的负债人。在你惶恐的深处，恶魇的尽头，隐隐约约，永远潜伏着这位朋友的怒眉和冷眼。不，你永远忘不了他。你真正忘掉的，而且忘得那么心安理得的，是那些已经得你回信的朋友。 Thus Friends Absent Speak By Yu Guangzhong 45 To get letters from friends, especially airmail letters fromoverseas that bear the stamp of exotic climes, is unquestionably one of life'sgreatest pleasures, provided, that is, that they do not call for a reply.Answering letters is a heavy price to pay for the enjoyment of reading letters.The inevitable consequence of tardiness or infrequency in answering letters isa corresponding reductioning, and ultimate cessation of, the pleasure ofreceiving letters, in which case friendship is prematurely broken off, untilthe day in sackcloth and ashes you summon up the willpower to put pen to paperagain. Through this dilly-dallying the pleasure of receiving letters has turnedto the misery of owing letters. I am an old lag in this respect: practicallyevery one of the friends I have made in my comings and goings can recite frommy crime sheet. W. H. Auden once admitted that he was in the habit of shelvingimportant letters, preferring instead to curl up with a detective novel; whileOscar Wilde remarked to Henley: “I have known men come to London full of brightprospects and seen them complete wrecks in a few months through a habit ofanswering letters.” Clearly Wilde's view was that to enjoy 46 life one shouldrenounce the bad habit of answering letters. So I am not the only one to befaint-hearted in the regard. If it is conceded that replying to letters is to be dreaded, on theother hand, not replying to letters is by no means a matter of unalloyed bliss.Normally a hundred or so letters are stacked on my bookshelf, of diversematurity of debt outstanding, the longest being over a year. That kind ofpressure is more than an ordinary sinner can bear. A stack of unansweredletters battens on me like a bevy of plaintive ghosts and plays havoc with mysmitten conscience. In principle the letters are there for replying to. I canswear in all honesty that I have never while of sound mind determined not toanswer people's letters. The problem is a technical one. Suppose I had a wholesummer night at my disposal: should I first answer the letter that was senteighteen months ago, or that one that was sent seven months ago? After such along delay even the expiry date for apology and self-recrimination would surelyhave passed? In your friends' eyes, you have already stepped beyond the pale,are of no account. On the grapevine your reputation is “that impossiblefellow”. 47 Actually even if you screw up all your moral courage and settle downat your desk to pay off your letter debt come what may, the thing is easiersaid than done. Old epistles and new missives are jumbled up together andstuffed in the drawers or strewn on shelves; some have been answered, some not.As the poet was told about the recluse he was looking for: “I know he's inthese mountains, but in this mist I can't tell where.” The time and energy youwould spend to find the letter you have decided to answer would be severaltimes that needed to write the reply itself. If you went on to anticipate thatyour friend's reaction to receiving your letter would be less “surprised byjoy” than “resentment rekindled”, then your marrow would turn to water, andyour debt would never be cleared. To leave letters unanswered is not equivalent to forgetting friends,no more than it is conceivable that debtors can forget their creditors. At thebottom of such disquietude, at the end of your nightmares, there forever lurksthe shadowy presence of this friend with his angry frown and baleful looks: no,you can never forget him. Those 48 who you really put out of your mind, and do so withoutqualm, are those friends who have already been replied to. 朱自清 《哀互生》 三月里刘熏宇君来信，说互生生病了，而且是没有希望的病，医生说只好等日子了。四月底在《时事新报》上见到立达学会的通告，想不到这么快互生就殁了～后来听说他病中的光景，那实在太惨;为他想，早点去，少吃些苦头，也未尝不好的。但丢下立达这个学校，这班朋友，这班学生，他一定不甘心，不瞑目～ 互生最叫我们纪念的是他做人的态度。他本来是一副铜筋铁骨，黑皮肤衬着一套大布之衣，看去像个乡下人。他什么苦都吃得，从不晓得享用，也像乡下人。他心里一团火，也像乡下人。那一团火是热，是力，是光。他不爱多说话，但常常微笑;那微笑是自然的，温暖的。在他看，人是可以互相爱着的，除了一些成见已深，不愿打开窗户说亮话的。他对这些人却有些憎恶，不肯假借一点颜色。世界上只有能憎的从才能爱;爱憎没有定见，只是毫无作为的脚色。互生觉得青年成见还少，希望最多;所以愿意将自己的生命一滴不剩而献给他们，让爱的宗教在他们中间繁荣滋长，让他们都走向新世界去。互生不好发议论，只埋着头干干干，是儒家的真正精神。我和他并没有深谈过，但从他的行事看来，想念我是认识他的。 49 互生办事的专心，少有人及得他。他办立达便饮食坐卧只惦着立 达，再不想别的。立达好像他的情人，他的独子。他性情本有些狷介， 但为了立达，也常去看一班大人先生，更常去看那些有钱可借的老板 之类。他东补西凑地为立达筹着款子，还要跑北京，跑南京。有一回 他本以留学去，但丢不下立达，到底没有去。他将生命献给立达，立 达也便是他的生命。他办立达这么多年，并没有让多少人知道他个人 的名字，他早忘记了自己。现在他那样壮健的身子到底为立达牺牲了。 他殉了自己的理想，是有意义的。只是这理想刚在萌芽;我们都该想 想，立达怎样才可不死呢,立达不列，互生其实也便不死了。 Mourning for Husheng Zhu Ziqing In March I heard from Mr. Liu Xunyu that Husheng was sick andhopelessly sick at that. The doctor said there was nothing he could do but towait for the day to arrive. Toward the end of April, I came across an obituaryissued by Lida Association in the newspaper Current Affairs. How quickly theday had arrived! Later, when I learned how he had suffered during his illness,I thought it was too miserable. From his point of view, however, his passingaway was not a bad thing after all, because he suffered less by going 50 earlier.But it must have been very hard for him to close his eyes and resign himself tothe fact that he was leaving his Lida School, his friends and his studentsbehind. What was most memorable about Husheng was his attitude toward life.He was as strong as a man of steel, his dark complexion set off by clothes ofcoarse cloth, looking like someone from the countryside. He could withstand anyhardship and never sought ease and comfort. In this respect he was like a countryman,too. Again like a countryman, he had a heart as warm as fire radiating warmth,power and light. He was a man of few words, but of all smiles. His smile wasnatural and friendly. In his view, people could love each other, except thosewith deep prejudices and those who could not bring themselves out in the open.He hated these people, and to them he wouldn't show anything like gentleness.In this world, only those who could hate could love. Those who did not knowwhat to love and what to hate were useless people. Hushenng thought that youngpeople had little prejudice but lots of future promise, so he was willing todevote his life to them without reservation, letting the religion of love growand flourish 51 among them so that they could all go to a new world. Hushenng wasnot fond of talking too much, instead, he put his mind on work, and work, andnothing but work—an embodiment of the Confucian spirit. Though I never had achance to talk with him very closely, I was convinced that I understood him fromthe way he carried himself and conducted matters. Few people I knew of were as devoted as Husheng. When he was runningLida School, all his thoughts were on the school, whatever he did. Lida waslike his sweetheart, his only son. He was by nature an honest man, but for thesake of Lida, he had to go and see important people, bosses and others fromwhom he hoped to borrow money. To raise funds, he had to run many places, evenas far as Beijing and Nanjing. Once he could have gone to study abroad, but hedid not go in the end because he could not tear himself away from the school.He had sacrificed his life for Lida and Lida had become his life too. Though hewas head of the school for so many years, he never tried to make his name knownto the public. He had forgotten about himself altogether. Now he had workedhimself to death for 52 Lida despite his robust constitution. He had died for hisideal—a meaningful death. His ideal was merely beginning of bud. Now we shouldall think about one question: what must we do to keep Lida alive? If Lida iskept alive, Husheng lives on. 胡适 《不要抛弃学问》 诸位毕业同学: 你们现在要离开母校了，我没有什么礼物送你们，只好送你们一句话罢。 这一句话是:“不要抛弃学问。”以前的功课也许有一大部分是为了这张毕业文凭，不得已而做的，从今以后，你们可以依自己的心愿去自由研究了。趁现在年富力强的时候，努力做一种专门学问。少年是一去不复返的，等到精力衰时，要做学问也来不及了。即为吃饭计，学问决不会辜负人的。吃饭而不求学问，三年五年之后，你们都要被后来少年淘汰掉的。到那时再想做点学问来补救，恐怕已太晚了。 有人说:“出去做事之后，生活问题急需解决，哪有工夫去读书,即使要做学问，既没有图书馆，又没有实验室，哪能做学问,” 我要对你们说:凡是要等到有了图书馆方才读书的，有了图书馆也不肯读书。凡是要等到有了实验室方才做研究的，有了实验室也不肯做研究。你有了决心要研究一个问题，自然会撙衣节食去买书，自然会想出法子来设置仪器。 至于时间，更不成问题。达尔文一生多病，不能多作工，每天只能做一点钟的工作。你们看他的成绩～每天花一点钟看10页有用的书，每年可看3600多页书，30年可读11万页书。 诸位，11万页书可以使你成一个学者了。可是，每天看三种小报也得费你一点钟的工夫，四圈麻将也得费你一点半钟的光阴，倘是上网，则更是蒙蒙然而半日已去。是看小报、打麻将，或是上网呢,还是努力做一个学者呢,全靠你们自己的选择～ 易卜生说:“你的最大责任是把你这块材料铸造成器。” 学问便是铸器的工具。抛弃了学问便是毁了你们自己。 再会了～你们的母校眼睁睁地要看你们十年之后成什么器。 53 Never Give up the Pursuit of Learning Hu Shih Dear Students of the Graduating Class, As you are leaving your alma mater, I have nothing to offer you as agift except a word of advice. My advice is, “Never give up the pursuit of learning.” You haveperhaps finished your college courses mostly for obtaining the diploma, or, inother words, out of sheer necessity. However, from now on you are free tofollow your own bent in the choice of studies. While you are in the prime oflife, why not devote yourselves to a special field of study? Youth will soon begone never to return. And it will be too late for you to go into scholarshipwhen in your declining years. Knowledge will do you a good return even as ameans of subsistence. If you give up studies while holding a job, you will in acouple of years have had yourselves replaces by younger people. It will then betoo late to remedy the situation by picking up studies again. Some people say, “Once you have a job, you?ll come up against theurgent problem of making a living. How can you manage to find time to study?Even if you want to, will it be possible with no library or laboratoryavailable?” Now let me tell you this. Those who refuse to study for lack of alibrary will most probably continue to do so even though there is a library.And those who refuse to do research for lack of a laboratory will most probablycontinue to do so even though a laboratory is available. As long as you setyour mind on studies, you will naturally cut down on food and clothing to buybooks or do everything possible to acquire necessary instruments. Time is no object. Charles Darwin could only work one hour a day dueto ill health. Yet what a remarkable man he was! If you spend one hour a dayreading 10 pages of a book, you can finish more than 3,600 pages a year, and110,000 pages in 30 years. Dear students, 110,000 pages will be quite enough to make a learnedman of you. It will take you one hour to read three tabloids a day, and one andhalf hours to finish four rounds of mah-jong a day. Reading tabloids, playingmah-jong or striving to be a learned man, the choice lies with you. Henrik Ibsen says, “It is your supreme duty to cast yourself into auseful implement.” Learning is the casting mould. Forsake learning, and you will ruinyourself. Farewell! Your alma mater is watching eagerly to see what willbecome of you ten years from now. 54 庐隐 《恋爱不是游戏》 没有在浮沉的人海中，翻过筋斗的和尚，不能算善知识; 没有受过恋爱洗礼的人生，不能算真人生。 和尚最大的努力，是否认现世而求未来的涅槃，但他若不曾了解现世。他又怎能勘破现世， 而跳出三界外呢, 而恋爱是人类生活的中心，孟子说:“食色性也。“所谓恋爱正是天赋之本能;如一生不了解 恋爱的人，他又何能了解整个的人生, 所以凡事都从学习而知而能，只有恋爱用不着学习，只要到了相当的年龄，碰到合式(适) 的机会，他和她便会莫名其妙地恋爱起来。 恋爱人人都会，可是不见得人人都懂，世俗大半以性欲伪充恋爱，以游戏的态度处置恋爱， 于是我们时刻可看到因恋爱而不幸的记载。 实在的恋爱绝不是游戏，也绝不是堕落的人生所能体验出其价值的，它具有引人向上的鞭策 力，它也具有伟大无私的至上情操，它更是美丽的象征。 在一双男女正纯洁热爱着的时候，他和她内心充实着惊人的力量;他们的灵魂是从万有的束 缚中，得到了自由，不怕威胁，不为利诱，他们是超越了现实，而创造他们理想的乐园。 不幸物欲充塞的现世界，这种恋爱的光辉，有如萤火之微弱，而且“恋爱” 有时适成为无知男女堕落之阶，使维纳斯不禁深深地叹息:“自从人群趋向灭亡 之途，恋爱变成了游戏，哀哉～” Love Is Not a Game Lu Yin A Buddhist monk without having experienced ups and downs in the seaof mortals will have no claim to real wisdom. Likewise, one who has never gone through the baptism of romanticlove will have little genuine knowledge of life. Buddhist monks exert every effort to renounce this life in favor offuture nirvana. But, without a full knowledge of this life, how could they seethrough the vanity of human society and make a clean break with this mortalworld? Romantic love is the core of human life. Mencius says, „The desirefor food and sex is nature.” In 55 other words, love is innate. If one remains alifelong stranger to love, how can he thoroughly understand life? Man becomes capable through learning. But love is an exception. Boyand girl, when they are of age and meet at an opportune moment, will becomemysteriously attached to each other. Though people love by instinct, yet all cannot understand itcorrectly. More often than not, love is but carnal desire and is treated as amere game. That is why we so often hear tragic stories of love. True love is not a game. Nor can its true value be appreciated bythe morally degenerate. True love spurs one on to higher attainment. It embodiesthe supreme quality of selflessness, and is, above all, symbolic of beauty. When a man and woman are deeply immersed in true love, they are fullof amazing inner strength. Their souls are freed from all bondage. They areunyielding before threats and incorruptible before any promise of materialgain. They transcend the reality to create an ideal paradise of their own. Unfortunately, in this present world overflowing with materialdesires, this kind of true love is as rare as the feeble light of fireflies.What's more, “love” sometimes even leads to moral degeneration on the part ofignorant men and women. Over this, Venus cannot help lamenting with a deepsigh, “Love has become a mere game ever since humanity set out on its way toextinction. What a sad story!” 艾芜 《冬夜》 冬天一个冰寒的晚上。在寂寞的马路旁边，疏枝交横的树下，候着最后一辆搭客汽车的，只 我一人。虽然不远的墙边，也蹲有一团黑影，但他却是伸手讨钱的。马路两旁，远远近近都 立着灯窗明灿的别墅，向暗蓝的天空静静地微笑着。在马路上是冷冰冰的，还刮着一阵阵猛 厉的风。留在枝头的一两片枯叶，也不时发出破碎的哭声。 那蹲着的黑影，接了我的一枚铜板，就高兴地站起来向我搭话，一面抱怨着天气:“真冷呀， 再没有比这里更冷了～„„先生，你说是不是?” 看见他并不是个讨厌的老头子，便也高兴地说道:“乡下怕更要冷些吧?” “不，不。”他接着咳嗽起来，要吐出的话，塞在喉管里了。 我说:“为什么?你看见一下霜，乡下的房屋和田野，便在早上白了起来，街上却一点也看不 见。” 56 他捶了几下胸口之后，兴奋地接着说道:“是的，是的„„乡下冷，你往人家门前的稻草堆 上一钻就暖了哪„„这街上，哼，鬼地方～„„还有那些山里呵，比乡下更冷哩，咳，那才 好哪～火烧一大堆，大大小小一家人，闹热呀～„„” 接着他便说到壮年之日，在南方那些山中冬夜走路的事情。一个人的漂泊生活，我是喜欢打 听的，同时车又没有驰来.便怂恿他说了下去。他说晚上在那些山里，只要你是一个正派的 人，就可以朝灯火人家一直走去，迎着犬声，敞开树阴下的柴门，大胆地闯进。对着火堆周 围的人们，不管他男的女的，用两手向他们两肩头一分，就把你带着风寒露湿的身子，轻轻 地放了进去。烧山芋和热茶的香味，便一下子扑入你的鼻子。抬头看，四周闪着微笑的眼睛， 欢迎着，毫没有怪你唐突的神情。你刚开口说由哪儿来的时候，一杯很热的浓茶，就递在你 的下巴边上。老太婆盼咐她的孙女，快把火拨大些，多添点子柴，说是客人要烘暖他的身子; 你暖和了，还不觉得疲倦的话，你可以摸摸小孩子的下巴，拧拧他们的脸蛋，做一点奇怪的 样子，给他们嬉笑。年轻的妈妈，一高兴了，便会怂恿他的孩子把拿着要吃的烧山芋，分开 一半，放在你这位客人的手上。如果你要在他们家过夜，他们的招待，就更来得殷勤些。倘 若歇一会，暖暖身子，还要朝前赶路，一出柴门，还可听见一片欢送的声音:“转来时，请 来玩呀!”老头子讲着讲着，给冷风一吹，便又咳嗽起来，我听得冷都忘记了，突然老头子 忘形地拉着我问道: “先生，这到底是什么原因哪?„„这里的人家，火堆一定烧得多的，看窗子多么亮哪„„ 他们为什么不准一个异乡人进去烤烤手哩?” 搭客汽车从远处轰轰地驰来了，我赶忙摆他的手，高声说道: “因为他们是文明的人，不像那些山里的„„” 再跳进通明的汽车里，蓦地离开他了。但远的南国山中，小小的灯火人家里 面，那些丰美的醉人的温暖，却留在我的冬夜的胸中了。 Winter Night Ai Wu It was a coldwinter night. The street was deserted. I stood alone under a tree with anentanglement of bare branches overhead, waiting for the last bus to arrive. Afew paces off in the darkness there was a shadowy figure squatting against thewall, but he turned out to be a tramp. The street was lined with fine houses,their illuminated windows beaming quietly towards the dark blue sky. It was icycold with a gust of strong wind howling around. A couple of withered leaves,still clinging to the branches, rustled mournfully from time to tithe. Theshadowy figure, taking a copper coin from me with thanks, straightened up toattempt a conversation with me. "It's reallycold here," he complained. "Itcouldn't be colder anywhere else ....What do you think, sir?" 57 Seeing that he wasnot too nasty an old man, I readily responded: "It must be colder in thecountry, I'm afraid." "No,no," he disagreed and began to cough, his words stuck up in his throat. "Why?" Iasked. "In the country when it frosts, you always find the roofs and thefields turning white in the morning, but you don't see that here on thestreets." He patted hischest to ease off his coughing and went on excitedly: "True, true... it's cold in the country,but when you get into somebody's straw stack, you are warm again at once....But this street, humm, what a terrible place! In the mountains, it's evencolder, but when they have a fire in the house with the whole family sittingaround it, wow, it's heaven!" Then he began torelate to me the adventures of his younger days-travelling alone in winternights through the mountains in the south. As I was interested in stories aboutwanderers and since the bus had not arrived yet, I encouraged him to go on. "When you endup in the mountains at night," he said, "and if you are a decentperson, you can always turn to the place where there is a light flickering anda dog barking. You push open the bramble gate under the shade and walk inwithout hesitation. Part the people, men or women, around the fire with yourhands and you bring yourself -- a cold and wet man with dew-among them.Immediately your nose is filled with the aroma of hot tea and roast sweetpotatoes. When you look round you see friendly faces smiling at you; there isno hint of anything like blame for what elsewhere might be considered asbrusqueness. Scarcely have you begun to tell them where you come from when acup of hot and strong tea is handed over to you. Grandma will tell hergranddaughter to feed the fire with more wood, saying that the guest needs morebeat to warm up. When you are recovered from cold and fatigue, you tend totease the baby, stroking his chin, giving a gentle pinch to his cheek or makinga face to provoke him to gurgle. The delighted young mother will encourage herbaby to share his sweet potato with you. The baby will then break it in two andthrust one half into your hand. If you intend to stay overnight, you will beentertained with all possible hospitality. If you've just dropped in to warm upand then go on your way, they will see you off at the gate, saying 'Please dodrop in on us again on your way back. ' " In the middle ofhis babbling another gust of wind brushed by and the old man began to coughagain. I was so intrigued by his story that I did not feel the cold any more.Suddenly he grabbed my hand, forgetting that we were strangers, and asked: "Sir, couldyou tell me why the people here even do not allow a countryman in to warm hishands? They must've got bigger fires in their houses. Look at their brightwindows. . . " The bus camerumbling up. Withdrawing my hand from his, I answered at the top of my voice "Because theyare more civilized than the mountain people. . . " 58 With that I jumpedonto the brightly-lit bus which started moving on, leaving the old man behind.But the little houses with flickering oil lamps in the remote mountains and theintoxicating warmth and friendliness of their inhabitants left a deep impresson my memory. 梁实秋 《学问与趣味》 前辈的学者常以学问的趣味启迪后生，因为他们自己实在是得到了学问的趣味，故不惜现身说法，诱导后学，使他们在愉快的心情之下走进学问的大门。例如，梁任公先生就说过:“我是个主张趣味主义的人，倘若用化学化分‘梁启超’这件东西，把里头所含的一种元素叫‘趣味’的抽出来，只怕所剩下的仅有个零了。”任公先生注重趣味，学问甚是渊博，而并不存在任何外在的动机，只是“无所为而为”，故能有他那样的成就。一个在学问上果能感觉到趣味，有时真会像是着了魔一般，真能废寝忘食，真能不知老之将至，苦苦钻研，锲而不舍，在学问上焉能不有收获,不过我尝想，以任公先生而论，他后期的著述如历史研究法，先秦政治思想史，以及有关墨子佛学陶渊明的作品，都可说是他的一点“趣味”在驱使着他，可是在他年轻的时候，从师受业，诵读典籍，那时节也全然是趣味么,作八股文，作试帖诗，莫非也趣味么,我想未必。大概趣味云云，是指年长之后自动作学问之时而言，在年轻时候为学问打根底之际恐怕不能过分重视趣味。学问没有根底，趣味也很难滋生。任公先生的学问之所以那样的博大精深，涉笔成趣，左右逢源，不能不说的一大部分得力于他的学问根底之打得坚固。 我尝见许多年青的朋友，聪明用功，成绩优异，而语文程度不足以达意，甚至写一封信亦难得通顺，问其故则曰其兴趣不在语文方面。又有一些，执笔为文，斐然可诵，而视数理科目如仇讐，勉强才能及格，问其故则亦曰其兴趣不在数理方面，而且他们觉得某些科目没有趣味，便撇在一边视如敝屣，怡然自得，振振有词，略无愧色，好像这就是发扬趣味主义。殊不知天下没有没有趣味的学问，端视吾人如何发掘其趣味，如果在良师指导之下按部就班地循序而进，一步一步地发现新天地，当然乐在其中，如果浅尝辄止，甚至躐等躁进，当然味同嚼蜡，自讨没趣。一个在中上天资的人，对于普通的基本的文理科目，都同样的有学习的能力，绝不会本能地长于此而拙于彼。只有懒惰与任性，才能使一个人自甘暴弃地在“趣味”的掩护之下败退。 由小学到中学，所修习的无非是一些普通的基本知识。就是大学四年，所授课业也还是相当粗浅的学识。世人常称大学为“最高学府”，这名称易滋误解，好像过此以上即无学问可言。大学的研究所才是初步研究学问的所在，在这里作学问也只能算是粗涉藩篱，注重的是研究学问的方法与实习。学无止境，一生的时间都嫌太短，所以古人皓首穷经，头发白了还是在继续研究，不过在这样的研究中确是有浓厚的趣味。 在初学的阶段，由小学至大学，我们与其倡言趣味，不如偏重纪律。一个合理编列的课程表，犹如一个营养均衡的食谱，里面各个项目都是有益而必需的， 59 不可偏废，不可再有选择。所谓选修科目也只是在某一项目范围内略拣选余地而 已。一个受过良好教育的人，犹如一个科班出身的戏剧演员，在坐科的时候他是 要服从严格纪律的，唱工作工武把子都要认真学习，各种角色的戏都要完全谙通， 学成之后才能各按其趣味而单独发展其所长。学问要有根底，根底要打得平正坚 实，以后永远受用。初学阶段的科目之最重要莫过于语文与数学。语文是阅读达 意的工具，国文不通便很难表达自己，外国文不通便很难吸取外来的新知。数学 是思想条理之最好的训练。其他科目也各有各的用处，其重要性很难强分轩轾， 例如体育，从另一方面看也是重要得无以复加。总之，我们在求学的时代，应该 暂且把趣味放在一边，耐着性子接受教育的纪律，把自己锻炼成为坚实的材料。 学问的趣味，留在将来慢慢享受一点也不迟。 Learning and Personal Inclination Liang Shiqiu Scholars of the older generation often urge young people to developinterest in learning because they themselves have been enjoying the realpleasure of academic studies. And they are ever ready to cite their own exampleby way of advice, in hope of enabling young people to gain access toscholarship in an enjoyable way. For example, the distinguished scholar LiangQichao once said wittily, "I always stand for interest-ism. If you brokedown Liang Qichao's stuff into its component parts, there would be nothing leftexcept an element named 'Interest'."Mr. Liang was a man of profoundlearning who attached much importance to interest. He attained great academicsuccess because he pursued scholarly study solely for its own sake, without anyulterior motive. A man who is really interested in learning sometimes does actlike one possessed. He forgets his approaching old age and work hard even tothe neglect of his meals and sleep. Isn't it but natural for a man of suchdevotion to have great scholarly achievements? But, though Mr. Liang's laterworks, such as those on method of historical studies, political and ideologicalhistory of the pre-Qin days, as well as those on Mohism, Buddhism and TaoYuanming, were motivated by his personal inclination, can the same be said ofhis younger days when he was a pupil chanting ancient Chinese books under aprivate tutor? Was he motivated by his personal inclination while learning towrite stereotyped essays and poems prescribed for the imperial civil serviceexamination? No, I think not. Generally speaking, the so-called interest beginsto exist only when one is mature enough to engage in independent studies. It'simproper, I am afraid, for young people to overstress the importance ofinterest while they are still in the period of learning the basics ofknowledge. Interest will never develop where no solid foundation has been laidfor learning. There is no denying for the fact that Mr. Liang owed his wideerudition unusual literary talent, for the most part, to his good grasp offoundation knowledge. I have come across a greatmany young and diligent young friends who have done exceedingly well in theirstudies, but are rather weak in Chinese. They cannot even write a letter incorrect 60 Chinese. When I asked them why, they said they were not interested inthe Chinese language. Some, though they can write beautifully, detest the studyof mathematics and physics, and barely managed to pass the examinations inthem. When I asked them why, they said they were not interested in them. Theycast away whatever subjects they dislike like something utterly worthless. Theyare so smug and thick-skinned that they speak volubly in defence of their ownattitude like champions of interest-ism. They hardly realize that there is nolearning but is capable of engendering interest and that all depends on how tosearch for it. You will develop a liking for learning if, under the guidance ofa good teacher, you study to discover new horizons opening up before you oneafter another by following the proper order and advancing step by step. On theother hand, you will find learning as dry as sawdust if you refuse to go into asubject in depth or even make impetuous advances without following the properorder. People with an average natural gift are equally capable of mastering thebasics of literal arts and natural science. They are never predetermined bynature to be good in one subject and poor in another. It is laziness andwaywardness, however, that causes one to give himself up as hopeless and backdown on the pretext of "no interest". Primary and secondary school will impart to you only some rudimentsof knowledge. Even what you learn during the four years of university will besomething quite superficial too. A university has often being misleadinglyreferred to as the "highest seat of learning", which sounds as ifthere were no more learning to speak of beyond it . The research institute of auniversity, however, is the place for preliminary scholarship. But even thereyou get only the first taste of learning and the emphasis is on researchmethodology and practice. Art is long, life is short. That's why some of ourancients continued to study by an enormous interest in their studies. During the preliminary stageof learning, from primary school to college, it is better to advocatediscipline than interest. A properly arranged school curriculum, like acookbook for a nutritionally well-balanced food, must include all the usefuland indispensible courses-courses which are equally important and obligatory.The so-called electives mean only some little option within the scope of acertain item. A well-educated person is like a professionally trained Pekingopera singer. While undergoing the training, he must observe a most exactdiscipline. He must pay equal attention to singing, acting, and acrobatic skills,and learn to play different roles. It is not until he has finished theall-around training that he begins to develop his own specialty according tohis personal disposition. Laying a solid foundation 61 for learning will be ofgreat lifelong benefit to you. Of all the school subjects during thepreliminary stage of learning, languages and mathematics are the mostimportant. Languages serve as a tool for reading and communication. Without agood knowledge of Chinese, you will find it difficult to express yourself.Without a good knowledge of a foreign language, you will find it difficult toabsorb new knowledge from abroad. Mathematics makes for logic thinking. Othersubjects also have their respective uses. It is hard to say which is moreimportant. Physical education, for example, is also extremely important fromanother point of view. In short, while in school, we should temporarily putaside our personal liking and patiently observe school discipline so that wemay temper ourselves and become solid stuff. Don't hurry, there will be a timefor you to find relish in learning in the days to come. 林青 《媲美》 一朵雪花的体态是轻盈的，宛如六枚小银针，千针万线，给S大学校园绣出了合身的水晶 外套。但是，正如童话世界也有缺陷一样，文史楼北墙畔一株年轻的龙柏，由于一夜风摧雪 压，已经倾侧成30?斜角了。 远处走来几个身背照相机的年轻人。其中那位穿黑呢大衣的姑娘真美，一双亮晶晶杏核儿大 眼，似湖,似星,谁也说不清，只惹得路人不时朝她张望。这群市大学生摄影协会会员准备 捕捉大自然恩赐的美妙镜头，心情舒畅地说笑着，渐渐地走近这棵倾斜的龙柏。 “在文史楼前拍张雪景吧!”一个浑厚的男中音提议。 “不，这棵龙柏被风雪压斜了，缺乏自然美。”姑娘那双纤手朝不远处一指。“喏，到生物系 的小植物园去，那儿不仅有龙柏，还有雪松、扁柏呢。” 她的声波在清冽的空间扩散，像清甜的冰糖渐渐融化。年轻人留下了一串无邪的笑声。 又一个竹骨梅肌的青年出现在文史楼前，衣服右下摆隐约可见斑驳的油画颜料污迹。他在欣 赏雪景之余，猛然发现倾斜的龙柏，不满地轻声嘀咕:“搞环境保护的同志真马虎，昨晚下 那么大的雪，竟没来校园巡视，他们对美的统一性的被破坏负有间接的责任!”这位美术爱 好者凝视片刻，灵感的火花映亮心窗，他立刻打开速写本，捏着炭精棒，勾勒这棵龙柏的体 态轮廓，准备回宿舍精心画一幅漫画，连画名也想好了，就叫做:《一株龙柏的控诉》。他离 去时遗憾地摇头叹息，眼波里颤动着一丝失望的情绪。 62 微弱的阳光下，急匆匆地走来一个肩挎旧书包的青年工人，他是来旁听中文系选修课的。突 然，一阵风吹拂龙柏树，扬起无数雪沫，洒在他头上、身上。青年工人仰脸看看那株龙柏. 脚步放慢了，他一看手表立刻加快步伐走去。 一会，他带来一把铁锹、一截旧茅竹、橡皮带，手脚麻利地不停地劳作，那株倾斜的龙柏终 于挺直了脊梁，牢牢地屹立在校园。 上课铃声响了。他疾步如飞地向教室奔去! 静谧。点点不同的浅蓝色脚印留在雪地里，组合成一行行无人辨识的文字， 蕴藏着精致微妙的内涵。那株龙柏静静注视着面前的雪地，仿佛苦心思索关于美 的神秘的定义。 Beauty Lin Qing Snowflakes are light,each having six tiny silver needles. Last night, they worked together to weavea well-fitted crystal outfit for the campus of S University. However, nothingis perfect, not even in a fairyland. The young dragon cypress at the north wallof the Humanities Building was bent over at a 30 degree angle after the night'ssnowstorm. Several students carne from a distance, each carrying a camera. Among them was a girlin a black wool overcoat. She was a real beauty, her almond-shaped eyes likepools of clear water or bright stars in the sky. It was hard to tell which theyresembled more, but she herself was certainly eye-catching! These members of the town's College Photographers Society had come out to capture thebeautiful scenery endowed by nature. Laughing and talking merrily, they wereapproaching the leaning cypress. "Let'stake a shot just in front of the Building!" a rich baritone voicesuggested. "No,this cypress is bent by the storm and lacks natural beauty," the girlresponded. Pointing to a place nearby, she proposed, "Why don't we go tothe small garden of Biology Department? It has not only cypresses there, butsilver pines. Her voice drifted in the crisp air like sweet, crystal sugar melting slowly. So tothe small garden they went, leaving their carefree laughter behind. Another slim young man appeared at the Building, his coat stained with paint somewheredown the right corner. In appreciation of the snow scene he suddenly caughtsight of the bent cypress. He grumbled to himself, "The gardeners wereindeed very negligent. They didn't even come out to 63 patrol the campus in such aheavy snow as last night's. They should be held partially responsible for theruin of the harmonious beauty of nature." The amateur artist was staringat the bent cypress when inspiration flashed into his mind. He quickly openedhis sketch book and drew an outline of the cypress with his charcoal pen. Heplanned to develop the sketch into a cartoon, when he got back to thedormitory. He had even figured out a title for it, "A CypressComplains." He left with a sigh of sympathy for the bent tree and aflicker of disappointment in his eyes. In the dim sunlight, a young worker, with a worst bag on his shoulder, washurrying to the Chinese Department to audit a selective course. All of a suddena gust of wind blew over the bent cypress, shaking the overlaying snowflakesdown onto the young man's head and shoulders. He looked up and noticed thetree. Then he slowed his steps, took a glance at his watch and hurried away. In a short while, he came back with a spade, an old bamboo stick and a piece ofrubber hand. He worked with his deft hands on the bent cypress, until it was straightagain. The bell for class was ringing and he dashed to the classroom. Silence reigned. Faint bluish footprints, of all shapes and sizes, formed in the snowlines of illegible words with subtle implications. That cypress was quietlygazing at the snow, as if meditating on the mystery of beauty. 顾城 《一代人》 黑夜给了我黑色的眼睛 我却用它寻找光明 One Generation Gu Cheng Dark eyes I got from the dark night But I use them to look for light 64