旅游英语复习提纲

旅游英语复习提纲 Part Two Working Procedures I. General Remarks & Texts 1. Meeting visitors , What should a brief welcome speech include? 一个简短的欢迎词应包括哪些内容 Greetings and an introduction of yourself and the driver , As a tour guide, what should you bear in mind when meeting tourists at the airport or railway station? 作为一个导游，在机场或火车站接游客的时候应该时时注意到什么, 2. En route , What should a guide introduce when conducting a tour en route? 在旅途中导游应该介绍什么, You should introduce the main buildings, attractions, scenes and views along the way. You can also intersperse the tour narration with comments on the local history, geography, population, size of the place, climate, culture, customs, cuisine and so on. , What are the principles of conducting tours en route? 开展旅游的原则是什么 When conducting such a tour, guides should get ready to answer any questions that visitors may bring up. Concise and informative answers are the most appreciated. 3. Hotel accommodations , How to accommodate tourist at a hotel? 如何安排游客住宿并满足他们的需求, After tourists arrive at the hotel, you, as the tour guide, should help them check in and introduce them to the locations of the main facilities of the hotel. After the luggage arrives, you should help the tour leader put the room numbers on the luggage and have them sent to the rooms as soon as possible, If tourists find their rooms dirty and in disorder, or they are having some other problems, you should inform the floor attendant immediately and actively assist him in solving the problem. You should show the tourists to the dinning hall when they have their first meal in the hotel, and tell the chef or the waiters of the restaurant how many people are in the group, who will be having the meal and if there are any special requirements. You should also tell the tourists when they are to have the meal, any special arrangements for Chinese and Western meals and the supply or drinks, etc. , What should a tour guide do when a tour group leaves the hotel? 当旅行团退房离开的时候导游应该做什么 Before a tour group leaves a hotel, you should remind the tourists to settle their bills. If the tour group is leaving our country, you should remind them to have their passports, plane (or train) tickets and customs declaration forms put in their carry-on-luggage in preparation for the check at customs. The local guide should tell the tourists when and where to collect the luggage, and check the number of pieces of luggage along with the national guide, the tour leader and the bellboy to prevent losing any luggage. 4. Itinerary discussion , Prior to the arrival of a tour group, what is a tour guide or tour coordinator normally required to do? 在旅行团来之前，一个导游或者旅游协调员应该提前做什么 To make a detailed study of the reception program, and draft a preliminary itinerary with reference to the age-bracket, food preference, religious taboo, occupations and taste of all the group members. 5. Dining in China , When did public restaurant appear in China? When was the earliest cookbook in the world circulated in China? (p108) 中国何时出现公共餐厅,世界最早的食谱什么时候在中国流传,(P108) Public restaurants appeared during the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods The earliest cookbook in the world was circulated in China about 1,500 years ago during the Southern and Northern Dynasties. , Attention is paid to the aesthetic appreciation of…(first paragraph of p109) 关于美的欣赏关注在,(P109) Attention is paid to the aesthetic appreciation of food, and careful consideration is given to the aroma and appearance of a dish as well as its flavor. , What are the four aspects of Chinese culinary art? 中国烹饪技术四大要素是, The first is the preparation of ingredients. The second is cutting and garnishing. The third is the temperature. The last is varied cooking techniques. , What are the respective features of the Four Cuisines in Chinese? 这四大要素不同特点是什么 7. Entertainment , List some typical art forms and recreational activities in China? 列举一些中国的典型艺术形式和娱乐活动 Operas, acrobatic shows, folk dances, and material arts are often regarded as special treats by overseas visitors. , What are the three main criteria of Beijing Opera? 京剧的三个主要特性是什么 1. Comprehensiveness (综合性) Peking Opera combines many art forms. Apart from singing and recitation, it includes traditional Chinese music, poetry, dancing, pantomime, elaborate costumes and make-up, acrobatics and martial arts. 2. Symbolism (象征) Since there are very few stage props, the actors use particular body movements to suggest a situation. You tell their precise character by the color painted on their faces. For example, red indicates that the person is brave, loyal and virtuous, black indicates a fierce and crude nature, blue signifies cruelty, a completely white face denotes a traitor. 3. Formality (形式性) There are very strict rules as to who wears what, depending on the status and personality of the rules being played. , What are the criteria of an all-round top-notch Beijing Opera performer? 一个全能出众的京剧表演家需要什么 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 , What is every movement on the stage required? (p123) 舞台上的每一个动作要求是什么 It is through these highly stylized movements that the audience is led to an understanding of what is going on stage. , What is Chinese legendary dragon? What did people in ancient times believe about dragons? 中国龙是什么,中国古代对龙的信仰又是怎样的, China’ s legendry dragon is not the monster encountered in western mythology, but a benign creature symbolizing good fortune, In ancient times, dragons were believed to bring rain in times of drought, keep away misfortune and bring good luck to all who invoke its help. 8. Farewell , What are the contents of a farewell speech? 告别旅客时的讲话应该说什么 The contents of the speech depend very often on the special features of a specific group, but the speech is usually flooded with beautiful memories and good wishes. Part Three Tourist Attractions 1. China’s Mountains , In which three main directions that China’s mountains run? 中国最主要的三座山脉的走向是怎样的, The east-west, the northeast-southwest, and the north-south , How are Chinese three major topographic regions divided? 中国的三大地形区域如何划分 The first region contains the Tibetan Plateau, averaging well over 4,060 meters above sea level, and other less dramatic highlands, dropping off in steps eastward and southward. The second region is a highland region marked by extensive basin areas. The third region is the lowlands, east of the Great Xing’ an Range, Taihang and Wushan mountains. , What are China’s Five Holy Mountains? What are they famous for? 中国五岳是指,他们分别以什么著名, ?Mount Tai: one of the oldest mountains in the world and has had great reputation over thousands of years. It is a symbol of loftiness and grandeur, hence, the long existing Chinese idioms: “as firm as Mount Tai” and “as weighty as Mount Tai.” ?Mount Hua: it is best known for its sheer cliffs and has for centuries been an attraction to climbers. ?Mount Song: it is the home of Shaolin Mona stery and is world famous because of the popularization of China’s martial arts. ?Hengshan: it holds an important position in the history of Buddhist exchanges with Japan and Southeast Asian countries. Because of the mild climate, there are huge, century-old trees and various plants that are rarely found in other places. ?Hengshan: it was of great military importance and was long known as a natural barrier. Remains of beacon towers and other defence works can be seen along the way. The wooden pagoda in Yingxian County, Shanxi Province, the oldest and largest of its kind in China, sits nearby. , Why is Mt. Tai the most significant among the Five Holy Mountains? 为什么泰山是五岳中最重要的 Probably because the sun always rises in the east and brings an end to the darkness of night, ancient Chinese long believed that the East was the place where nature regulated and adjusted its procedure. Important emperors made pilgrimages mostly to Mount Tai when they were crowned or before their final years. , Where are China’s Four Buddhist Mountains? What Bodhisattvas are respectively worshiped in each of the mountains? 中国四大佛教名山指的是,分别是哪些菩萨的道场, ?Wutai Mountain: Wenshu the Bodhisattva of wisdom, and the left attendant of Sakyamuni, is worshipped. ?Putuo: Guanyin, the Goddess of mercy, one of the most popular Buddhist figures among the Chinese people, particularly women. ?Jiuhua Mountain: the deity worshipped here is Dizang, or Guardian of the Earth. ?Emei Mountain: Puxian, or rather the Bodhisattva of Universal Benevolence, is said to have once preached. 2. Ancient Chinese Architecture , What were the two main kinds of dwellings of primitive men? p217(natural caves and nest dwellings) 中国原始人住的两中居所是什么,(p217)穴居和巢居 The early dwellings of primitive man were natural caves. Later, the ancient Chinese learned to make their dwellings out of thatch and tree branches, which were called “nest residence.” , Archeological finds showed that pit-style houses made their appearance from the clan society; and the platform-style houses were mainly found in the Changjiang River Valley and South China.p217 考古学家发现，pit-style的房子(坑)使人类出现了氏族社会，和platform-style (台)主要是在长江流域和南部地区。 , Documents from the Zhou Dynasty relate that the common people lived in “burrows and nests”. China began to use the mortise and tenon joint in carpentry as early as 7,000 years ago during the New Stone Age. 记载，从周朝开始，老百姓就住在“洞穴和巢”了，中国早在7000年前的新 石器时代就开始使用阴阳榫接合，运用在木构架房屋中。 , What are the two prominent distinguishing features of classical Chinese architecture? P218 什么是中国古典建筑的两个突出的特点? The timber frame structure and bracket system or dougong , What are the advantages and disadvantages of the timber frame structure?p219 木构架的优点和缺点是什么结构? 1. The framework is largely composed of columns, beams and purlins; facilitates the changes of bracket system and roof styles. 结构在很大程度上是由栏,梁和檩;促进斗拱的变化和屋顶样式。 2. Frame has the function of weight bearing and walls don’t. (Mention the function of walls and the advantages. i.e., “The house will not callapse even the walls give in.”) 框架有附中的功能但是墙壁没有。(提到墙的功能和优势。即“墙倒而 屋不塌” ) 3. Easier totransport and work with; resistant to earthquakes; attractive from aesthetic point of view. 4. 更轻松的运输和建造;抗地震,从审美的角度有吸引力。 5. Bad points: Easy to decay and catch fire. 缺点:容易腐烂和着火。 , How was the Chinese people’s social status in the past indicated by the constructing and decorating systems? 中国人民是过去是如何用建筑构造和装饰表示社会地位的? The size of a building on a terrace shows the social status of its occupant. The more bays a building has, the higher rank the occupant enjoys. Imperial buildings, temples and villas belonging to high dignitaries had bracket system between the column zone and the roof; the ordinary people were not allowed to have them.