2015年高考英语专题复习讲练 专题四 动词和动词词组（艺体生文化课）

2015年高考英语专题复习讲练 专题四 动词和动词词组（艺体生文化课） 专题四 动词和动词词组(动词短语) 【命题趋势探秘】 考查内容 动词辨析 动词短语 考查热度 ??? ??? 命题 语法填空，单项填空，完形填语法填空，单项填空，完形填空，规律 考查题型 空，短文改错 短文改错 所占分值 1—3分 1—3分 1. 从近年全国及各地对动词的考查试题看，高考试题对动词的考查重点是: 1)考查特定语境中常见动词的词义辨析;2)形近异义词的辨析;3)形异近义词的辨 析。 命题 2. 高考试题对动词短语的考查形式多样，试题可以是题干给出动词，考查与趋势 不同介词的搭配，也可以是题干给出介词，考查不同的动词搭配，或给出四个同 一动词构成的不同动词短语，同一介词与不同动词构成的短语，有时所给四个动 词短语的动词或介词都不相同。综观近几年各地高考对动词短语的考查可以看出， 重点在于take,look,pick,bring,come,break,make,go,get,turn及come构成的短语。 【高频考点聚焦】 动词的形式包括动词原形、过去式、过去分词和现在分词，从动词的含义划分，可分为实义动词、连系动词、助动词和情态动词;从动词所作句子成分划分，可分为谓语动词和非谓语动词;按是否带宾语可分为及物动词和不及物动词，按动作的发展划分，分为瞬间动词和延续性动词。 本讲只涉及动词及动词短语的词义辨析，包括动词搭配、常见动词与动词短语的含义，以及高频动词的用法归纳。 ?考点1动词的记忆和辨析 【基础知识梳理】 动词一直是高考试题的命题热点和重点，注重从下面几个方面设题:1)形式相似的动词之间的辨析，如lie,lay;find,found;rise,raise,arise;sit,seat等;2)意义相近的动词之间的辨析，如lend, borrow; speak,say,talk; hope,wish等;3)意义不同，但容易混淆的动词的辨析，如discover,invent, recover等;4)考纲要求掌握的不常见动词，如expose, sacrifice, substitute, simplify等。 【核心考点讲练】 一(高考高频动词归类与辨析 1.arise，rise，raise， vi.呈现;出现;发生+ out of/from sth因某事物而产生、造成、引起。 arise vi.(物体借助自身的力量)上升，升起;(河水、物价等)上涨。 rise vt.举起，升起(某物)。 raise vt.引起，激起，唤起;唤醒。 arouse 【一语巧记】 The accident, which has aroused our attention, arose when the students were on the playing-ground watching the national flag being raised against the rising sun.这起事故引起了我们的关注。事故发生的时候，学生们正在操场上注视着国旗在冉冉升起的太阳下升起。 1 2.fit, suit, match vt. 形状及大小对(某人)合适，合身;大小适合装入某处。 fit vt. (指衣物的颜色、款式等)合身;合(某人)的心意。 suit vt. (指衣物间的搭配)相配，搭配协调;与(某事物)相似)相称)相符合或相一match 致。 【一语巧记】 The clothes aren’t a nice fit, and don’t fit me very well, but the style suits me, and the color matches my shirt perfectly, so I decide to take it. The price doesn’t suit me fine, though.这衣服我穿着不太合身，但其款式适合我，颜色也跟我的衬衣的颜色搭配非常好，我决定买下。不过，这价格不太合我的意。 3.appreciate, acknowledge, recognize vt. 欣赏; 感激;充分理解。 appreciate vt. 承认，供认;告知收到;对„„打招呼;答谢。 acknowledge vt. 正式承认，认可;感激;赏识;表彰。 recognize 【一语巧记】 The firm will recognize Tom's outstanding work by holding a party in his honor, and I I would appreciate it if you could come and attend it.公司决定为Tom举办一个晚会，以表彰他杰出的工作。我希望您能来参加。 4. disturb, trouble, bother, annoy vt. “打扰，扰乱”，常用来指某种行为无意间干扰了别人。 disturb vt. 使(某人)忧虑)苦恼)痛苦或不便;打扰。 trouble vt.1)“使烦扰，打扰”，常表示刻意去打断对方;2)操心(常用于否定句)。 bother vt.“使烦恼”。 annoy “打断，中断”，多指由于某种外界因素而停下来，中断其连续性或为了某interrupt 种目的而停下来，但不表明这种停止是否会继续下去。 【一语巧记】 Tom interrupted my work, which made me annoyed, but Mary told me not to bother about his words.汤姆打断了我的工作，这让我很恼火，不过，玛丽叫我别为他说的话自寻烦恼。 5. abandon, abolish, desert vt. 遗弃，抛弃;离弃，逃离(某地方或交通工具);放弃。 abandon vt. 废止;废除。 abolish vt. 离弃(一地方)，放弃;离弃(某人)。 desert 【一语巧记】 After the accident, many people abandoned their homes, and the town was almost deserted. 这起事故之后，很多人都离开了他们的家，这个小镇几乎空无一人了。 6. acquire, get, gain, obtain, achieve 概括性最强，为一般用语，指“得到某种东西”。 get 较正式用语, 常指“通过自身的努力、工作或技能等而得到所需的东西”。 obtain 往往指通过努力或有意识的行动而获得有益的东西。 gain 多指经过一段时间的努力而获得，获得的内容多是抽象的东西， 并且一旦acquire 获得很难失去，如知识等。 指通过努力取得，达到，多指成就、目标、幸福的取得。 achieve 【一语巧记】 2 Finally he’s managed to get a chance to go to the training course, where he is sure to acquire some knowledge before achieving his aim.最后，他设法找到个机会进入 培训 焊锡培训资料ppt免费下载焊接培训教程 ppt 下载特设培训下载班长管理培训下载培训时间表下载 班，在那里他一定会获得知识，然后实现自己的目标。 7. inspect, investigate, observe, examine, check 仔细观察，检查;调查;盘问;审问。是检查的一般用词。 examine 检查、核对，以求没有失误。。 check 看到，注意到;观察，监测。表示观察。 observe 指为求得案件等的事实而调查、研究。 investigate 检查，视察。指为查找过失或缺陷而加以调查。 inspect 【一语巧记】 I observed that he checked the answer carefully before handing in the exercise.我注意到，他仔细检查了答案之后才把练习交上来。 8. advise, persuade, suggest, convince vt.表示“建议、劝告”，与结果无关，接名词或代词、动名词(advise doing)、advise 不定式复合结构(sb to do)、that从句(从句谓语动词常用虚拟语气) vt. 表示“劝服”， 强调劝说“成功”，常用persuade sb to do sth.和persuade persuade sb into doing sth. vt. 表示“提议、建议”，接名词、动名词、疑问词+不定式短语和从句，接suggest 从句要用虚拟语气，不能接不定式和复合宾语 vt. 表示“使确信，使信服”，表示“相信、信服”用be convinced that/of sth convince 【一语巧记】 When I asked him to advise me on how to persuade my parents to approve my plan, he suggested that I should first convince them of my competence.我向他讨教，如何才能说服我的父母同意我的计划，此时他建议说，我首先应该让他们相信我的能力。 9. demand, require, inquire, negotiate (1)含义:都表示“要求”，有时可换用，如:They demand/require my presence.demand 与require 他们要求我在场。 但demand 通常指坚持其应该有或必要的东西，暗示要求者有权这样做，常有 命令之意;require 通常指按照法律、规章、规定、惯例、环境等提出要求， 其客观性较强。 (2)结构:1) demand/require接that引导的宾语从句，从句用“(should，)动词 原形”的虚拟语气结构 2)demand接不定式作宾语，不接动名词，不可说demand sb to do sth;require 通常不接非谓语动词作宾语，常用require sb to do sth vt. 打听，询问 inquire v.谈判，协商，商定 negotiate 【一语巧记】 When I inquired him about the deadline, he told me that it was demanded that the paper be handed in before Friday, and no one could negotiate about this rule.我询问最后期限的时候他告诉我，按要求这论文必须在星期五之前交，谁也不能就此讨价还价。 10. announce, declare, broadcast与publish 指正式地宣告，公布;郑重地说，大声而肯定地说(尤指别人不喜欢的事announce 情) 3 正式宣布;声称，宣称，说出自己所想的 declare (通过无线电)广播;散布，使广为传播 broadcast 公布，公开(官方消息);发表;出版 publish 11. beat, strike与hit 普通用词，含义广泛，指连续击打，也指在游戏、竞赛或战争中击败对方 beat 通常表示打一下，打若干下，不一定都是有意的 strike 指打中，对准……来打，着重敲打或打击对方的某一点 hit 12. speak, talk, say与tell “说话”，作不及物动词时，通常指说话的能力和方式;作及物动词时，其后的speak 宾语为某种语言。speak to sb.表示“同某人说话” “谈话，谈论”，指相互之间的谈话，一般作不及物动词，talk to/wit:与„„交talk 谈”;talk of/about:谈及某人或某事 “说出”“说过”，及物动词，强调说的内容 say “讲述”“告诉” (1)指把一件事或一个故事讲出来，如tell the truth说实话，tell tell a story讲故事。(2)接双宾语结构或复合宾语结构。如tell sb. (about) sth;tell sb. (not)to do sth. 13. Cost,take,pay,spend 主语必须是“人”，宾语为钱、精力、时间等，接on+名词或用(in+)动名词形式，spend 不接不定式 “支付”，表示“花钱做某事”，完整的结构是pay sb money for sth，可根据句意pay 省略sb、money或for sth 主语不是指人而是指事物，1)表示做某事花费时间、钱等，后接life, money, health, cost time等; 2)表示“使失去(生命、健康、机会等)”。如:It costs you nothing to be polite.讲礼 貌不会让你有任何损失。 1)“花费”，其主语一般是物，有时主语也可以是人，说明事情完成“花费了” take 2)“需要”，表示“为了做成某事需要某种品质、努力等”。如:It takes great courage to say sorry to him.要向他道歉需要极大的勇气。 14. Seize,take,catch与hold 指突然抓住某物，强调突然的猛烈动作 seize 指用手抓、取某东西或控制某物 take 指捉住跑动或隐藏中的人或动物 catch 抓住，夹住，表状态 hold 15. adopt、adapt与adjust 使适应;改编 adapt 调整;调节;校正 adjust 收养;采用;采纳 adopt 16. book、reserve与order，都含有“订，定”之意 预定;定(房间、车票等)，如:book a hotel room/ticket book 预定[约];租定(座位, 房间等)，如reserve a table at a restaurant reserve 指书面下定单，以及在餐馆点菜，如collect an order提取定货 order 17. Become,get,go与turn 侧重强调结果，即由一种状态变为另一种状态。不用become来谈论有目的的行become 4 动 1)侧重强调结果，与become换用;2)与表示“使„„，让„„”的含义的使役get 动词的过去分词连用表动作，如:get lost/ broken/dressed/married等 用在形容词之前来谈论变化，在一些表示向坏的变化的常用词组中用go不用go get，如go wrong，肉食等变质;与old，tired和ill连用时要用get，而不用go 多用于看得见的或注目的状态变化，如:go red;可接名词或形容词表示变换职业turn 等 18. Include,contain 1) “包含”，多指物的自然属性;2) 克制(强烈的感情);抑制，阻止;3) “盛，contain 装” “包括”，多与主观因素有关 include Jane couldn’t contain her amusement a moment longer.简再也忍俊不禁。 The letter contained information about Boulestin's legal affairs.这封信含有关于布理斯汀法律事务的重要信息。 【典例1】(2014?江西)I don’t believe what you said, but if you can prove it, you may be able to__________me. A. convince B. inform C. guarantee D. refuse 解析:句意:我不相信你所说的，但是如果你能 证明 住所证明下载场所使用证明下载诊断证明下载住所证明下载爱问住所证明下载爱问 ，你也许能够说服我。convince“说服”;inform“通告;通知”;guarantee“保证，担保”;refuse“拒绝”。根据句意选A 答案:A 【典例2】(2014?湖北)Seeing the big crowd coming towards him, he started to run down the hill, but ______ and went down on his hands and knees in the melting snow. A. slipped B. skied C. signalled D. sank 解析:句意:看到一大群人奔他而来，他开始往山下跑，但是他脚下一滑，四肢着地倒在融化了的雪中。slip“滑(倒);溜走”符合句意。ski“滑雪”;sink“下降;沉没;缓慢下陷或倒下”;signal“发送信号;标志着”。 答案:A 【技巧点拨】注意熟词生义 有些常见词汇在不同的语境中表示不同的含义，或者说，试题中所填的词汇是考生熟悉的，但是其在语境中涉及的含义是不常见的。此时要注意把握语境，平时复习的时候要注意全面掌握考纲词汇的常见含义。 1)affect 1)使感动，使产生强烈的情感;2) 影响，疾病侵袭 Smoking affected his health.抽烟影响了他的健康。 We were deeply affected by the news of her death.她去世的消息使我们都深感悲痛。 2)bring 引起，造成，导致 The minister’s speech brought an angry reaction from the Teachers’ Association.部长的话激起了教师协会的愤怒。 What brings you here?什么风把你给吹来了, His words brought tears to my eyes.他的话让我热泪夺眶而出。 Thanks for bringing this mistake to our attention/notice.谢谢你提醒我们注意这一错误。 3)cost使失去(生命、健康、机会等) The patient’s dangerous condition cost the doctors and nurses many a sleepless night.这个病人的危险状态使医生和护士好几夜不曾合眼。 4) cover 1)包括;涉及;论及;2)走完(一段路程)，多完(多少书)，包含(多大面积);3)处理， 5 对待，4)报道(新闻事件);5)够支付(开支、费用) They were hoping to cover 40 miles yesterday.他们昨天计划走40英里。 The course covers all aspects of business and law.这门课程涵盖商业和法律的方方面面。 The policy will cover any medical expense that you have while you’re abroad.这份保单承保你在国外的所有医疗费用。 cover for 1)代替某人的工作;2)替„„打掩护，找借口 Who’s going to cover for you when you’re on holiday?你度假期间谁接替你的工作, 5)develop 发展;患上(某种疾病)，逐渐养成(某习惯);冲洗(胶卷) Unfortunately my grandma developed cancer.不幸的是，奶奶患上了癌症。 6)escape v. 被遗忘;未被注意 escape one’s attention/notice被某人忽视 there’s no escaping (the fact)不可否认的是，毫无疑问 I’ve met him before,but his name escapes me.我以前见过他，但想不起他的名字了。 7) meet 满足(某人的愿望、条件、需要等);支付，偿付(费用) I can’t figure out why what I have done never seems to meet his satisfaction.我不明白，为什么我做什么都难以让他满意。 8)poduce 引起，造成，产生(结果);拿出，出示 New medicines are producing remarkable results in the treatment of cancer.新的药物在治疗癌症方面正产生着显著的成果。 He produced a box from his pocket. 他从口袋里掏出一个盒子。 赏识，表彰 9)recognize 正式承认，认可;感激， The firm recognized Tom's outstanding work by giving him an extra award.公司给汤姆额外的奖励，以表彰他杰出的工作。 10)reach 使收听到/收看到(信息、节目等);(通过电话号码)与„„联系 Here’s my phone number, in case you need to reach me.如果你需要和我联络，这是我的电话号码。 The sales campaign reached a target audience of 12,000 women.促销活动以某些女性为对象，涉及到1.2 万人。 10)recover v.重新获得，找回(丢失/被窃等的物品) The thief was caught, but my bike was never recovered.窃贼被抓获了，但是我的自行车一直没有找到。 二(常用动词的其他相关用法 1.接双宾语的动词 有些动词要接双宾语，用“动词+间接宾语+直接宾语”，或“动词+直接宾语+for/to+间接宾语”。其中，动作的直接承受者是直接宾语，而间接承受者(人)是间接宾语，即“动词+sb+sth”。如: She paid a dealer 2,000 for that car. 她用2千英镑从汽车行买的这辆汽车。 He taught me (how) to drive. 他教我开汽车。 常见的接双宾语的动词有:pay(花钱),buy(买), read(读),offer(提出), teach(教),do(做), set(示范),promise(答应),tell(告诉),relate(告诉，讲),give(给),show(给„„看),wish(愿望),return(归还),ask(要求),pass(传),hand(传递)等。 【巧学妙记顺口溜】“宾宾”花钱买书看，提出教书做示范;答应告诉给你看，愿望还要代代传。 2.连系动词 6 英语常用连系动词的记忆口诀:“连系”证明升降变，起来保持不动弹。即: 证明:work out, turn out, prove; 升降:rise, fall; 变化:become, turn, go, get, grow; „„起来:表示“听起来，看上去”等含义:sound, feel, smell, taste, look, seem, appear 保持:remain, keep,stay (warm); 不动弹:lie, sit (still)(即表示保持某种状态的系动词) She knew she had to keep calm and still until the enemy went away from her hiding cave. 她知道，自己必须保持冷静，不能晃动，直到敌人从她藏身的山洞走开。 A shortage of public vehicles remains a serious problem.公交车辆的短缺依然是个很严重的问题。 3.表示“据„„说”的动词与句式转换 有些动词可以用“it be+过去分词+that从句”，也可以用“主语+be+过去分词+不定式”，如果该不定式的动作先于谓语发生，不定式用完成式形式。即:sb is+过去分词+to do/to have done，it is +过去分词+that从句。如: It is reported that many a new house is being built at present in the disaster area.据报道，目前在这个灾区人们正在修建很多新房。(高考例句) Many a new house is reported to be being built at present in the disaster area. 能用于这两个句型转换的常见动词有:say(说),report(报道),know(知道), announce(宣布), consider(想/认为), think(认为), believe(相信)这几个动词。 4.用主动语态表示被动含义的常用动词 英语有些及物动词在表示事物的性状功能时，用作不及物动词，此时就用不及物动词形式接well、easily等副词。常见的这种动词有:read(读),write(写),cut(剪),wear(穿), wash(洗),open(开), shut/close(关),sell(卖), lock(锁),translate(译)等。 5.用于“谓语+sb+of+sth”结构的动词 用于“谓语+sb+of+sth”结构的主要有下面这些动词: inform(通知),advise(通知),tell(告诉),remind(提醒),cure(治愈),heal(治愈),cheat(欺骗),warn(警告),convince(说服，使信服),suspect(怀疑),accuse(控告),rob(抢劫)等。 How can I convince you (of her honesty)? 我怎样才能使你相信(她很诚实)呢? What made you suspect her of having taken the money? 你凭什么怀疑钱是她偷的? 【典例1】(2014?江西) He is thought ___foolishly .Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job . A. to act B. to have acted C. acting D. having acted 解析:句意:大家觉得他的举止有点笨，如今他丢了这个工作，怪不得别人呢，只能怪自己了。本题考查非谓语动词，但要正确解题必须理解动词think的用法:用在“主语+be+过去分词+不定式”结构，如果该不定式的动作先于谓语发生，不定式用完成式形式，因此选B。 答案:B 【典例2】(2011?新课标全国卷II)Mary, I _____John of his promise to help you. A. told B. reminded C. warned D. advised 解析:句意:玛丽，我已经提醒约翰记住他要帮助你的承诺了。 四个动词都能构成“谓语+sb+of+sth”结构，而remind表示“提醒”，符合题意。tell“告诉，说，讲”;warn“警告，告诫”;advise“劝告，建议”。 答案:B 【技巧点拨】注意动词搭配，辨析动词搭配的错误 英语中有许多动词可以和其他词类组成固定搭配，这些固定搭配是高考中的命题重点。 7 如果平时不注意积累和 总结 初级经济法重点总结下载党员个人总结TXt高中句型全总结.doc高中句型全总结.doc理论力学知识点总结pdf ，就很容易造成没有必要的错误。这里把近几年高考试卷上经常出现的一些动词的固定搭配做一总结。 1.动词+宾语+ for ask(要求),blame(责备),criticize(批评),excuse(原谅),forgive(原谅),mistake(误认为),praise (称赞),punish(惩罚),recommend(推荐),remember(记得),reward(报答),search(搜查),scold(责备),take(当作),thank(感谢),turn to(求助于) 2.动词+宾语+ from bring(携带);choose(挑选); excuse(使„„免除);remove(移去); keep(阻止);prevent(阻止);protect(保护);save(拯救);separate(分离)等。 3.动词+宾语+ in gain(增加);employ(花费时间、精力等);encourage(鼓励);invest(投资、买);involve(使陷入、使承担) 4.动词+宾语+ into argue(说服);force(强迫);persuade(劝说);reason(说服);talk(说服); frighten(惊吓)。 5.动词+宾语+ of accuse(控告); assure(确信);cheat(骗取); cure(治愈); ease(缓和、减轻);inform(告知); relieve(解除);remind(提醒);rid(从„„去除);rob(抢夺); warn(警告) 6.动词+宾语+ on congratulate(祝贺); force(强迫) 7.动词+宾语+ with arm(使装备);busy(忙于);charge(指控);combine(结合);compare(比较);confuse(混淆); familiarize(使熟悉);fill(充满、装满);furnish(装备、供给);help(帮助);load(装载);present(赠送);provide(供应);serve(供给); supply(供应);trouble(使烦恼、打扰);trust(委托) 8.动词+宾语+ by (on, in) +身体部位 catch(抓住);hit(打中);pull(拉);shake(握住);seize(抓住); strike(打、敲);take(抓住) ?考点2热点动词短语归纳 【基础知识梳理】 对动词短语的考查是历年高考的一个热点，而且考查面广、灵活度强，每年全国各地高考试题都会在各题型中考查核心词汇中常用动词短语。 对动词短语的考查中，有些是所给动词相同，如考查come、call、look构成的短语，有的是所给介词相同，如考查out、with、down、up to、up with构成的动词短语;还有些则是所给四个动词短语及介词搭配都不一样，而且其含义也没有相同或相似之处，也就是说，考查的重点是对句意和动词短语含义的理解与把握。 【核心考点讲练】 1. 动词搭配的常见形式 动词短语的考查侧重意义，侧重辨析，注意掌握常考动词短语。 1)动词+介词。如: enter for报名参加 hear of听说 hear from收到某人来信 look for寻找 2)动词—+副词。如: break out爆发 see off送行 look up查阅;向上看 break down分解 3)动词+副词+介词。如: catch/keep up with赶上 go in for从事 get along (on) with相处，进展 8 go away with侥幸逃脱 get down to开始，着手keep away from远离，回避 look forward to盼望 put up with容忍 make up for补偿，弥补 4)动词+名词+介词。如: pay attention to注意 take care of关心，照顾 make fun of捉弄 make room for为„„腾出空地 make use of使用，利用 find fault with挑剔 5)系动词+形容词+介词。如: be interested in对„„感兴趣 be curious about好奇 be tired of厌倦 6)动词+宾语+介词。如: remind sb of提醒某人某事 keep/prevent/stop sb from doing阻止某人做某事 7)动词+反身代词+介词。如: help oneself to随便吃/拿 occupy oneself with忙于 throw oneself to投身于 2.部分高频动词短语的固定搭配及含义 1)break break away from突然逃脱，挣脱(束缚) break down(机器)停止运转;失效;(某人健康状况) 变得恶劣;垮;感情失去控制;瓦解;分解，降解 break in(副词)/into(介词) 闯入;打断，插话 break off 中断，突然终止 break out (战争、火灾等)突然发生;爆发 break up (物理)分解;解散;驱散;变得衰弱;(将某物)击碎;打碎;与某人绝交 break through有重要创见;突破，突围，克服 break oneself of the habit of摆脱„„习惯 break one’s promise.违背诺言 2)bring bring about 导致，使发生 bring back送回(某人/物);回想起某事物;为某人带回某物 bring down使(飞行器)着陆/落下;打死或打伤;降低价格等 bring forward把„„提前;提交讨论 bring in逮捕;聘请;获得好收成;(使某人)获得利润或收入 bring out使某人的(品质)显现;使某事物出现或开放;生产;出版;阐明 bring up培养, 养育;提出;呕吐 bring…under control. 控制 bring an end to sth/ bring sth to an end)结束，终结 3)call call at 到„„作短暂拜访 call for 需要，要求 call in 召集，来访 call off 取消 call on/upon sb to do sth号召某人做某事 call on 拜访某人 call up 使回想起 4)carry carry on继续(做某事) carry out实施; 执行 9 carry (sb/sth) through帮助某人度过难关;成功地完成某事物 5)catch catch up with 赶上某人 be caught (up) in被卷入或陷入 catch sight of看见 catch a glimpse/glimpses of瞥见 catch hold of抓住，抓牢 6)come come across被理解;被传达;偶然遇见或发现 come over拜访;过来;改变立场 come out(指太阳)月亮等)露出，出现;(指花朵等)开始长出，开花;出版或发表;(指消息 等)传出，透露;(指照片)显影，洗出;(在考试等中)得某名次 come back回来;再次流行;回想起 come down坍塌;落下;(指价格、温度等)降低;下降;沦落为 come down to归结为come down with因某病病倒 come in比赛取得的名次;流行;收入 come to:苏醒;总数为，结果是;涉及，谈到 come to one's rescue来解救某人 come to an end结束 come into effect/force生效 come into being/existence开始存在，建立 come to a conclusion/decision得出结论/做出决定 come into power开始执政 come up(植物)长出地面;被提及;被讨论;出现;发生 come up with找到或提出(答案)办法等) come off脱落，掉下来; 成功 come upon偶然遇见或发现 cut开心专练 cut away切除，剪去，破掉 cut down减少;夺去某人生命;减少消耗 cut in超车抢道 cut in on/cut into打断;打搅 cut off in the middle of our conversation. 切断(电话线路);阻碍或阻断;使与外界隔绝 cut out停止使用 cut up切碎 8)fall Fallbehind 落后;落在…的后面 fall in掉入;跌入;(债务)到期 fall into落入;流入;养成;分成;进入(某种状态)，陷入 fall off跌落;数量下降;降低 fall on/upon落在;落到„„身上;适逢;偶然碰到/发现 fall short of达不到，不符合 9)get get about/around走动;(消息等)传开 10 get across (使)被了解，(将„„)讲清楚 get along with 进展/相处融洽 get away 走开;逃脱;(+with)做了坏事而逃脱责罚 get down 下来;写下;使沮丧;(+to)着手做 get hold of 抓住，掌握 get in 进入，抵达;收获 get into 对„„发生兴趣;卷入;(使)进入 get off (从„„)下来;出发 get on 上(车，马等);进展(+to)转话题 get over从(疾病等)中恢复;克服，解决 get through 完成;度过;通过;讲清楚;打通电话 get to到达 get rid of摆脱，除去 10) give give away赠送(+to sb);泄露 give back (归)还 give in认输;投降;屈服;交上 give off发出;放出(光、声音、气味等) give out分发;用完，消耗尽;发出(光、声音等) give up停止;放弃 give over移交;委托 give way to让路;让步 give rise to引起;导致;为„„的原因 11) go go about sth着手做;处理;忙于 go after追赶;追求 go against 反对;违背;对„„不利 go ahead进行;开始 go beyond超过;越过 go by走过;照„„办事;凭„„而判断;(时间等)流逝 go down下去;下降;落下;记下;倒塌 go off爆炸，开火，突然响起;(电灯)熄灭 go on继续;进行;(灯)亮 go out出去;(灯)熄，终止;公布 go over仔细察看;复习 go through仔细检查;详细讨论;经历;通过;用完 go up上涨，增长;正在建设中;烧(炸)毁 go with跟…相配;与…相伴 12)hold hold back阻挡，抑制;退缩;隐瞒 hold down阻止上涨;压制;控制;保持住(工作等) hold out伸出;维持;坚持(要求);不屈服 hold up支持;延迟;展示;举出;抢劫 hold off推迟，拖延;阻止;抵挡住 11 hold on (to sth)等一会，别挂断;(+to)握住不放，坚持住 13) keep keep away不要接近;阻止某人干某事 keep back阻止，抑制;隐瞒;抑制感情等的流露 keep down压制，控制;使处于低水平 keep off (使)让开，(使)不接近 keep out抵御 keep out of 避免某事 keep to遵守;坚持 keep up (使)继续下去，保持 keep up with跟上 keep an eye on照看，留神，密切注意 keep in touch with 与„„保持联系 14)leave leave out 遗漏，忽视 leave for动身去„„ leave behind留下 leave sb. doing sth. 让某人干某事 leave sb./sth. alone 让„„独自待着 15)look look around/about四处张望;(+for)四处寻找 look after照顾，照管;注意 look at看;看待;考虑 look back回头看;(on sth)回顾，回忆 look for寻找，寻求;招来 look forward to盼望，期待 look into调查，观察 look on… as认为„„是 look out (+for)留神;注意 look over把„„看一遍，把„„过目;察看 look through温习;仔细查看;故意视而不见;粗略地检查 look to照管，留心;指望，依靠 look up好转;查(字典);看望;(+to)尊敬 look down on/upon看不起，轻视 16)make make for走向，朝„„前进;促成，有助于 make fun of拿„„开玩笑，取笑 make it办成，做到，成功;赶上，(+to)及时到达 make out辨认出;理解，了解;写出 make room for让地方 make sense有意义;讲得通 make sense of把„„弄清楚/明白 make up编造，虚构;组成;化妆;补充 make up for补偿，弥补 12 make the best of充分利用 make the most of充分利用，尽量利用 17) pull pull down拆毁;(指疾病)使某人虚弱 pull in (车)停下，(车)进站，(船)到岸;吸引 pull off (成功地)完成;扯下，脱去 pull out(of)拔(抽，取)出;(车等)驶出;摆脱困境 pull (the car) over(使车船等)停靠到一边 pull through (使)度过危机，(使)恢复健康 pull up (使)停下 18) put put aside保留;把„„放在一边，暂不考虑 put away放好，收好 put back恢复正常;放回原处;推迟;延误 put down记下;武力镇压;(to)归因于 put forward提出(要求、事实等);往前拨(钟表);把„„提前 put in使进入;安装;花费(时间) put off推迟，推延;阻止，劝阻 put on穿上,戴上;上演;增加(体重) put out关(灯);出版，发布;伸出;生产 接通电话 put through顺利完成;使通过;使成功;put up建造;张贴;提高;投宿;提出 put up with容忍，忍受 put into practice/production/use/force实施，实行/投入生产/开始使用/生效 put one's heart into把心思放在„„上 19) run run across偶然遇见;偶然发现 run after追赶;追逐 run into偶然遇见;遭遇(困难)问题等) (sth)run out/run out of sth用完, 耗尽 run short of缺少 20)set set about doing sth开始做，着手做 set apart使与众不同;留出，拨出(时间、金钱等) set back 推迟，延缓，阻碍 set out动身，起程;开始;摆放;阐明，陈述 set out to do sth. 开始干某事 set aside留出，拨出(时间等);把„„置于一旁 set down写下，记下 set off出发，启程;激起，引起 set up创立，建立;竖立，架起，建造 set fire to使燃烧，点燃 set sth. on fire放火烧„„ 21)take 13 take…apart将(尤指机器)拆开，拆卸 take away带走;拿走;消除(感情、痛苦等) take back收回(说错的话);使回忆起 take down拆卸;记下 take in接受，吸收;包括;领会，理解;欺骗 take off脱下;(飞机)起飞;打折扣;启程;(事业)腾飞 take on从事;呈现;雇用 take out带„„出去;除掉 take over接替，接管 take to逐渐习惯做某事 take up占去，占据(空间);从事某项活动，发展某种爱好;继续讲述;拿起(武器) take advantage of 利用 take hold of 抓住;得到 take pride in对„„感到骄傲 take turns (to do)依次，轮流(做) take pains to do努力，尽力，下苦功 take a chance冒险;碰碰运气 take effect生效，起作用 take charge (of) 负责;主管 take for granted 认为„„是理所当然;对„„不予重视 22)turn turn around/about转变，(使)转好 turn away回绝，把„„打发走 turn back (+to) turn down关小，调低;拒绝 turn up开大，调大;出现，来到 turn in交还，上交;上床睡觉 turn into变成;译成 turn on接通，打开 turn off关掉;拐弯 turn out结果是;关掉，旋熄;制造 turn over翻倒;仔细考虑;移交 turn to求助于，求教于，查阅 23)动词+up build up逐步建立;增进;逐渐积聚 close up堵住，关闭 do up系;扎;整理 end up (with/as/in) 结束，告终 fill up(使)装满;客满;填写(空格、表格等) finish up吃完，喝完;最后到达;以„„结束 pick up拾起，拣起;(偶然地、无意间)获得(知识、消息等) send up使上升;加大;发射 shut up阻止进入;阻拦;(使)停止讲话 speed up(使)加快速度 14 use up用完，用光 24)动词+out drop out(of)退出，退学;离去;不出席 figure out计算(出);估计;理解 find out找出;查明;发现 point out指出 rule out把„„排除在外，排除„„的可能性 run out (of)用完，耗尽 25)其他类 care about关注;对„„感兴趣 care for照料;喜欢 deal with 应对，处理 do away with废除，去掉 do without没有„„也行，将就 stick to粘贴在„„上;紧跟;坚持 refer to谈到;提到;查阅;涉及;关于;提交„„处理 fit in安排(地方);放进;适应环境;相处融洽 focus upon以…为焦点;集中于 live up to遵守，实践(诺言等);符合，不辜负 live with与…在一起生活;忍受，忍耐 meet with会晤;偶然遇到;经历 show off炫耀，卖弄 show sb about/around带某人四处参观 tear down拆掉，拆除 【典例1】(2014?福建)As a grassroots singer, she reads everything she can concerning music, and takes every opportunity to improve herself. A. catch sight of B. get hold of C. take charge of D. make mention of 解析:句意:作为一名草根歌手，她读了她能找到的一切与音乐有关的东西，还利用一切机会提高自己。catch sight of“看见”;get hold of“抓住;找到;得到”;take charge of“负责”;make mention of“提到”。根据句中的everything及concerning music(与音乐有关的)判断选B表示“找到”。 答案:B 【典例2】(2014?天津)The two countries are going to meet to _______ some barriers to trade between them. A. make up B. use up C. turn down D. break down 解析:句意:这两个国家准备会晤，以拆除两国之间的贸易障碍。根据句意，这里用break down表示“毁掉;打破;分解”。make up“编造;组成;化妆”;use up“用完;耗尽”;turn down“拒绝”。 答案:D 【技巧点拨】动词短语的复习备考 动词短语是高考必考点，也是我们平时复习备考的难点，因为动词短语的含义多，我们在复习动词短语时要做到: 1)反复记忆:对于常用、高频动词短语要注意分类整理以帮助记忆，比如我们可以从下 15 面几条去总结和记忆动词短语。 ?与副词或介词搭配活跃的6个常用动词:get,go,look,put,take,turn。如:go away,go back,go by,go on,go out,look after,look for,look out,look up,look round,look into,look on等; ?through表示“穿过”，因此含有through的动词短语多表示此意，我们可以总结为“具有 穿透力的through”，比如:break through突破;carry (sb/sth) through帮助某人度过难关;get through 完成;通过;go through仔细检查;用完;look through温习;仔细查看;pull through put through使通过 (使)度过危机; ?由“动词+out”构成的短语动词，如:set out、let out、turn out、bring out、work out、carry out、break out等。 2)利用口诀帮助记忆。 有些动词短语，比如pick up的词义很多，我们就可以用口诀来记忆: pick up含义多，口诀巧记挺简单; 拿起捡起开车接，接收收听视野开; 好转改善又增强，学到东西属偶然; 若能买到便宜货，想必心情会很high。 说明:拾起，捡起，开车去接;接收，收听;康复，好转，改善，增强;(偶然)得到/学到; 购买(便宜商品);(车辆)加速 专题热点集训4 动词和动词词组(动词短语) (45分钟) I. 单项填空 1.(2014?天津)My parents always _______ great importance to my getting a good education. A. have B. attach C. accept D. pay 2.(2014?安徽)Shakespeare's writing is still popular today. It has really the test of time. A. failed B. stood C. taken D. conducted 3.(2014?福建)It is widely acknowledged that students should be in terms of overall quality. A. supported B. matched C. evaluated D. controlled 4.(2014?浙江)Last week a tennis ball hit me on the head, but I tried to ______the pain, believing that it would go away sooner or later. A. share B. realize C. ignore D. cause 5.(2014?浙江)No matter how carefully you plan your finances, no one can____when the unexpected will happen. A. prove B. imply C. demand D. predict 6.(2014?全国大纲卷)Caroline doesn’t have a gift for music, but she _____ it with hard work. A. goes back on B. takes away from C. makes up for D. catches up with 7.(2014?湖北)I’ve been trying to phone Charles all evening, but there must be something wrong with the network; I can’t seem to ______. 16 A. get through B. get off C. get in D. get along 8.(2014?安徽)When the sports hero at our party, he was welcomed with open arms. A. turned up B. left off C. moved on D. got away 9.(2014?浙江)How could you ______ such a fantastic job when you have been out of work for months. A. turn off B. turn in C. turn down D. turn to 10.(2014?陕西)Ralph W. Emerson would always ______ new ideas that occurred to him. A. set off B. set about C. set up D. set down II. 完形填空 (2014?新课标?)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A， B， C和D) 中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 As a general rule, all forms of activity lead to boredom when they are performed on a routine basis. As a matter of fact, we can see this ____11____at work in people of all _____12____. For example, on Christmas morning, children are excited about ___13____with their new toys. But their ___14_____soon wear off and by January those_____15____toys can be found put away in the basement. The world is full of_____16____stamp albums and unfinished models, each standing as a monument to someone’s ____17_____interest. When parents bring home a pet, their child____18____bathes it and brushes its fur. Within a short time, however, the___19____of caring the animal is handed over to the parents. Adolescent enter high school with great____20___but soon looking forward to_____21___. The same is true of the young adults going to the college. And then, how many____22_____, who complain about the long drives to work, ____23_____drove for hours at a time when they first_____24____ their driver’s licenses? Before people retire, they usually ___22____to do a lot of___26__things, which never had __27___while working. But ____28____after retirement, the golfing, the fishing , the reading and all of the other pastimes become as boring as the jobs they ___29____. And, like the child in January, they go searching for new____30_____. 11.A.principle B.habit C.way D.power 12.A.parties B.races C.countries D.ages 13.A.working B.living C.playing D.going 14.A.confidence B.interest C.anxiety D.sorrow 15.A.same B.extra C.funny D.expensive 16.A.well-organized B.colorfully-printed C.newly-collected D.half-filled 17.A.broad B.passing C.different D.main 18.A.silently B.impatiently C.gladly D.worriedly 19.A.promise B.burden C.right D.game 20.A.courage B.calmness C.confusion D.excitement 21.A.graduation B.independence C.responsibility D.success 22.A.children B.students C.adults D.retirees 23.A.carefully B.eagerly C. nervously D.bravely 24.A.required B.obtained C.noticed D.discovered 25.A.need B.learn C.start D.plan 26.A.great B.strange C.difficult D.correct 27.A.time B.money C.skills D.knowledge 17 28.A.only B.well C.even D.soon 29.A.lost B.chose C.left D.quit 30.A.pets B.toys C.friends D.colleagues III. 阅读理解 (2014?湖北)Before I had my son, I spent two years working with children with disabilities. I learned that shouting and threats of punishment would result in a disaster. Coming up against their behaviour could only make the job harder and their behaviour more extreme. I found something that worked, though. There was a very naughty boy in the nursery and a teacher who was generally very confident with the children was asked to take charge of him. One day the boy joined a session in the room next to mine. His appearance created an atmosphere of tension. He spent the entire session running around, hitting and kicking, and destroying property. I was in the craft room working with some other children when my co-worker told me that this boy’s teacher was in tears, and could not get control of the situation. As we were talking, the boy ran in. I told my co-worker that I would take care of him. I closed the door. He was full of energy, throwing things around and making a huge mess. But I could see that he was doing all these to annoy me. He needed connection, and this was the only way he knew how to ask for it. So I sat back down and kept quiet. Then he slowed down and began making a rocket. I talked to him about it. We continued like this for a few minutes before I slipped into the conversation: “So what happened today?” It was purely a question, no blame or anger in my tone. I believe that if I had criticized him, the gate that was slowly opening would have shut firmly closed. He told me that the teacher didn’t let him do what he knew well due to safety but asked him to do what he disliked. He also admitted that he had enjoyed making her run around and saw it as a game. I explained that his teacher had not seen it as a game and was very upset. This again was stated simply as a fact. I suggested that next time he had a session, he talk about what he hoped to do at the start, which might be easier for everyone. He agreed and was quiet for a moment. Then he looked at me with tears in his eyes before quietly asking if he could go to find his teacher to apologize. 31. The boy made trouble for his teacher because he ______. A. was accused of destroying property B. was told not to yell at other children C. was made to do things against his will D. was blamed for creating an air of tension 32. Why didn’t the author do anything about the boy’s bad behavior at first? A. She didn’t want to make it worse. B. She didn’t mind the huge mess at all. C. She was tired of shouting and threats. D. She hadn’t thought of a coping strategy. 33. The author managed to get the boy to talk to her by ______. A. playing games with him B. giving him a good suggestion C. describing his teacher’s feelings D. avoiding making critical remarks 18 34. Why did the boy have tears in his eyes in the end? A. He was sorry about his reputation. B. He was regretful about his behavior. C. He was fearful of the author’s warning. D. He was sad for the author’s misunderstanding. IV. 微写作 (2014?山东) 某英文报社组织题为“我喜欢的英语谚语”征文活动，你有意参加。请从下面两句谚语中任选一句作为标题写一篇英语作文。内容须包括:1.该谚语的含义;2.体现该谚语含义的个人经历。 ?A friend in need is a friend indeed. ?Where there’s a will, there’s a way. 注意:1.词数:120-150; 2.文中不得透露个人姓名和学校名称。 参考词汇:谚语 proverb _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 专题热点集训4 动词和动词词组(动词短语) 参考答案与解析 I. 单项填空 1. B 句意:我的父母一贯十分重视让我得到良好的教育。从题干的搭配和选项看，这里用 系上;附加;连接”符合句意。 短语attach importance to表示“注重;重视”，attach“ 2.B句意:莎士比亚的作品当今依旧很受欢迎，它的确经受了时间的检验。根据前一句的is still popular today可知，这里用stand the test of time表示“经受了时间的检验”，stand“忍受/容忍;经受得起”符合句意。 3.C句意:普遍认为应该从综合素质的角度来评价学生。support“支持;赞成”;match“相配;相称”;evaluate“评价评估”;control“控制”。根据句中关键词students和overall quality可知这里表示“评价，评估”，因此选C。 4.C 句意:上周一个网球打在了我的头上，但是我努力不去理会头部的疼痛，认为它迟早都会消失的。share“分享;共同拥有”;realize“意识到;实现”;ignore“忽视;不理睬”;cause“引起”。根据句意，应该选C。 5.C句意:不管你的理财计划如何周密，没有人能预知不测事件何时会发生。prove“证明”;imply“暗示”;demand“要求”;predict“预测”。根据句意选D。 6.C句意:卡罗琳虽然没有音乐方面的天赋，但是她用努力工作来弥补它。根据题干的doesn’t have a gift for music和but可知，她用努力工作来“弥补”，用make up for表示“弥补”。 7.A句意:整个晚上我都一直在努力给查尔斯打电话，但肯定是网络出故障了，我似乎无法接通。get through表示“完成;通过;打通电话”，符合句意。 8.A 句意:当那位体育英雄在我们的聚会上出现时，人们都张开双臂欢迎他。turn up“出现，露面”;leave off“停止(做某事)，戒掉”;move on“出发，使离开”;get away“逃离，外出旅行”。语境表示这个体育英雄出现在聚会上，因此选A。 9.C 句意:既然你已经失业好几个月了，你怎么能拒绝这么好的一份工作呢,turn off“关掉 19 (电灯/水/煤气等)”;turn in“交出;上缴”;turn down“拒绝:关小(声音等)”;turn to“转向;求助于”。根据句意，应该选C。 10.D 句意:拉尔夫?W?爱默生总是把自己想到的一些新想法写下来。根据句意，这里用set down表示“写下，记下”。set off“出发;激起”;set about“开始(做)，着手(做)”;set up“建立;竖立”。 II. 完形填空 语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。一般来说，任何事情做久了都会让人产生厌倦。不论是工作中，还是在人们的日常生活中都会有这样的现象;厌倦心理也会出现在各个年龄段。 11. A 从文章开头的As a general rule可知这是一个通用的规则，因此“我们能够看到这样的一个原则”，所以上文中rule暗示了此处要用principle。 12. D 从13题前面的children are excited about可知此处说的孩子;20题前面的adolescents enter high school可知此处讲述的是青少年;21后面的young adults以及22题开始讲述退休人的情况，因此“我们可以看到这个规则在各个年龄段都起作用”，所以此处要用ages。 13. C 从该题后面的new toys可知孩子们是“玩耍”新的玩具，所以此处要用playing。 14. B 从下文each standing as a monument to someone’s 47 interest的暗示可知此处是说他们的“兴趣”减弱了，故此处要用interest。 15.A 这里的玩具就是原来孩子们非常感兴趣的玩具，所以此处要用same。 16.D 根据下面的unfinished model可以得知“模型没有完成”，因此与其并列的是“完成一半的集邮册”，所以此处要用half-filled。 17. B 从玩具到没有完成的模型还有完成一半的集邮册，这都是证明了“过去的兴趣”，也就是曾经那么感兴趣，而现在兴趣没有了，也就是passing。 18.C 从下面的Within a short time, however, the 49 of caring for the animal is handed over to the parents可知开始孩子是很“乐意为宠物洗澡和梳理毛发”，所以此处要用gladly。 19.B 孩子没有了兴趣，因此照顾宠物的“负担”就移交给父母了，所以此处要用burden。 20.D 根据13题前面的children are excited about的暗示，可以得知进入高中的青少年也是充满“兴奋”的，故此处要用excitement。 21.A 进入高中的青少年开始兴奋，从but的转折的暗示可以推知他们不就失去了兴趣而盼望“毕业”。 22.C 从21题后面的The same is true of the young adults going to college. And then可知此处是讲“成年人”的事情了，所以此处要用adults。 23. B 从后面的at a time when they first 24 their driver’s license(执照),可以推知当人们初拿到驾照的时候是很“渴望”开车，故此处要用eagerly。 24.B 成人获得驾照，因此要用obtained。 25.D 退休前他们“打算”干很多事情，因此要用plan。 26.B 从28题后面的the golfing, the fishing, the reading and all of the other pastimes可知这是他们退休后要干的“极好的事情”，所以此处要用great。 27.A 从前面的before they retire可知他们要干自己原来“没有时间干的事情”，所以此处要用time。 28.D 此处的soon after意思为“不久”，也就是在他们退休不久后，所以此处要用soon。 29.C 从前面的retire可知他们退休了，而他们退休前要做的那些事情也正如他们“刚离开的工作一样”，所以此处要用left。 30.B 根据13题后面的new toys的暗示可知退休的老人正如那些孩子一样去寻找他们新的“玩具了”，也就是说他们的兴趣也没有持续很长时间。 III. 阅读理解 20 语篇解读:这是一篇记叙文，作者讲述自己给残疾儿童上课的一个小故事:面对故意在她办 公室里捣乱的学生，作者任由其发泄，然后打开了孩子心扉的大门，让孩子意识到自己行为 的错误。 31.C细节理解题。最后一段交代了这个男孩故意捣乱的原因:the teacher didn’t let him do what he knew well due to safety but asked him to do what he disliked，这与C项陈述是一致的。因此 选C。 理判断题。第四段说，面对这个孩子的捣蛋，作者没有生气，作者看到这个孩子是32.A推 想故意气老师，但他需要沟通;最后一段说，如果“我”批评他，正在对我敞开的大门就会 牢牢地关上了。由此推断选A，作者明白其中原因，不想使孩子的情况更糟糕。 33.D推理判断题。第四段说，作者看着孩子在她的办公室里捣乱，却安静地坐在那里，直 到孩子自己慢慢地安静下来，然后I talked to him about it。从这些信息看，作者与孩子沟通 之前让他把自己的情绪发泄完，因此选D。 34.B推理判断题。文章最后一句说，孩子眼中含着泪水要去向老师道歉，由此推断，他意 识到自己的错误并为之后悔，因此选B。 IV. 微写作 书面表达范文 Where there’s a will, There’s a way Among all the instructive proverbs that give people advice, the one I like most is “where there is a will, there is a way.” This short, beautiful sentence tells us an incontrovertible truth: If you have a dream and stick to it, you’ll make it sooner or later. For me, the saying has a special meaning. When I was in junior high school, I was so poor in my studies that I was on the point of giving up. But my head-teacher was always there and gave me confidence every time I lost heart. He used to say: “A little more effort and you’ll make it.” Thanks to my dearest teacher, all my efforts paid off and finally I became a top student. “Nothing is impossible to a willing heart”, as long as you have a dream, keep trying and you’ll make it, too. 重点词汇和短语:motivational, incontrovertible, rank, stick to, sooner or later, lose heart等; 高级句型:1)When I was in junior high school, I was so poor in my studies that I was on the point of giving up.when和so...that引导状语从句，短语be on the point of doing sth; 2)But my head-teacher was always there and gave me confidence every time I lost heart. every time引导状语从句。 3)Thanks to my dearest teacher, all my efforts paid off and finally I became a top student.短语 thanks to，pay off和and连接并列句。 21