初中第一册英语
笔记
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第一模块
1、 Stand up 反义句 Sit down = Take a seat.
2、 My name is Susan 同义句 I am Susan.
第二模块
1、can may must 用法 ① 后面加动词原形。
② 可以直接到句前变成疑问句或在后面加 变成否定句
(参较助动词 do (does ) will have (has ) be 的用法)
注意:can may 的否定形式用can’t。 must 的否定形式用 needn’t 或 don’t have to。
mustn’t “千万别”“千万不要”的意思,表示禁止,语气强烈,它一般不做must 的否定形式。
2、 学习含有动词be的一般疑问句。
注意:在回答含有this / that的疑问句子时,用 it 来代替它们。
these / those 用they
第三模块
1、How do you spell your name ? = Can you spell your name ?
2、It’s nice / good / to meet ( see ) you. = I am happy / pleased / glad to meet ( see ) you.
3、full name = family name + given name (中文名字顺序)
full name = given name + family name (英文名字顺序)
另外,还有 first name (第一个名字), middle name(中间名字:限于英文名字) 和 last name (最后名字)的说法
4、be pleased with sb./ sth
5、ntroduce sb to sb
第四模块
1、 How old are you ? == What’s your age ?
2、 What’s two and three? = How much is two and ( plus ) three?
3、 try to do sth. have a try
第五模块
1、ask / tell sb ( not ) to do sth
tell sb sth. , tell sth to sb
tell sb about sth
2、What’s this in English ? = What’s the English for this ?
3、祈使句:表示请求、命令的句子叫祈使句。祈使句用动词原形开头,否定形式在动词原形前面加 don’t. 例如:Come in, please. = Please come in.
Don’t come in, pleasa. = Please don’t come in.
第六模块
1、play with
2、say “hello / thanks / goodbye / sorry / ﹍ /” to sb.
3、名词所有格:① 一般情况在名词后面直接加 “ ’s ”
② 如果名词以s结尾,在后直接加 “ ’ ”
③ 表示两者或多者共同拥有的,在最后的名词后面加 “ ’ s ”
④ 表示两者或多者分别拥有的,分别在各个名称后面加 “ ’s ”
My seat is between Tom’s and Jack’s in the classroom.
注意:当名词所有格后跟有 home, office 等时 home, office 常省略。
如:Can I go to my grandfather’s (home) ?
I want to go to the teachers’ (office ).
4、 名词所有格与 of 格之间的关系。
如:a table’s leg a leg of the table
当物主代词与冠词连用时,用双重格
如:我的一张照片 a picture of mine (= one of my pictures)
区别 a photo of my brother 和 a photo of my brother’s 所表示的意思不同
第七模块
1、想要做某事”句式 want to do sth. = would like to do sth = feel like doing sth
2、a picture / photo of ﹍ a map of
3、no < few / little < a few / a little < some (any) < many / much < lots of = a lot of
= plenty of < a great number ( many ) of / a great deal of
4、let’s ( have a )look at ﹍ = let’s see ﹍ (let sb do sth )
5、名词变复数:
① 一般情况在名词后面加 “s”
② 以s , x , ch , sh, 结尾的名词,在后面加 “es”
③ 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的名词,变 y 为 i 加 “es”
④以 f ( e ) 结尾的名词,变 f (e )为 ves .
⑤不规则的变化:man – men , woman – women , child – children foot—feet
tooth—teeth , mouse -- mice , sheep – sheep , deer – deer , fish – fish ( fishes )
this – these , that – those , it / she / he – they is / am – are
注意:由man, woman 构成的合成词变复数时,两个词都变成复数形式。
a man teacher --- some men teachers
复习 excuse me
第八模块
1、be late for sth …… 迟到
2、quarter past one quarter to one
3、have breakfast / lunch / dinner
4、get up , start school , the same ﹍, go home , go to bed , do one’s homework , by bus ,
5、thirteen fifteen eighteen twenty thirty forty fifty eighty
6、What’s the time ? = What time is it ? (by one’s watch )
7、It’s time for sth 到 …… 的时间了
8、It’s time to do sth 到做 …… 的时间了
9、It’s time for sb to do sth 到某人做 …… 的时间了
提建议表达法:
1、Let’s do sth 让我们做 ……
2、Shall we do sth? 我们做 …… 好吗?
3、Why not do sth ? 为什么不做 …… 呢?
4、Why don’t you do sth ? 你为什么不做 …… 呢?
5、What about / How about (doing )sth ? (做) …… 怎么样?
6、Would you like to do sth ? 你愿意做 …… 吗?
(Yes, I’d love to / Yes, I’d love to,but I’m sorry, I can’t.)
但:would you like sth ? 你想要 …… 吗? (Yes, please. / No, thanks.)
7、Would / Will you please ( not ) do sth ? 请你(不要)做 …… 好吗?
8、Had better ( not ) do sth ? 最好(不)做 ……
9、It’s best ( for sb ) / (not )to do sth (某人)最好(不)做 ……
提建议常用的回答语:
① OK, ② Good idea , ③ All right
另外,对Would you like sth ? 的回答语用 Yes, please / No, thanks
句式
— How do you go to school ?
— I go to school by bus (bike , car, plane , ﹍ ) / on foot
同义句:
1、I go to school by bike = I go to school on my bike. = I ride to school
2、David goes to school by car = David goes to school in a car.
= David drives to school
3、They go to school on foot = They walk to school
学会助动词do ( does ) 的用法
千万别忘一般现在时主语是第三人称单数时动词后面要加 s ( es ) 。加的方法和名词变复数大致相同
第九模块
1、wait for sb / sth 等候某人/某事
2、look after , look like , look at , look for look over
3、a pair of glasses / shoes / jeans / stockings / gloves / trousers / socks / ﹍﹍
4、Whose bag is this ? = Whose is this bag ?
人称代词和物主代词
人
称
主格
I
you
he
she
it
we
you
they 在谓语动词前面做主语
宾格
me
you
him
her
it
us
you
them 在动/介后做宾语
物
主
形性
my
your
his
her
its
our
your
their 后必须加名词
名性
mine
yours
his
hers
its
ours
yours
heirs 后不加名词
第十模块
1、There be 句式
There ( is / are ) + sb / sth + sp “某地有某人 / 物”
There is an apple in the bag. There are some butterflies in the picture.
注意:① there be中的 be 动词要跟随它后面名词的单复数形式而变。如果后面跟有多个 名词时,be 要和最靠近它的名词一致。(就近原则)
There is a pen and two pencils on the desk .
There are two pencils and a pen on the desk.
② 对名词前面的数词提问用 how many ( much )。
句式是 How many +名词复数 + are there + sp ?
How much +不可数名词+ is there +sp ?
There is one book in the bag. How many books are there in the bag?
There is some rice in the bag. How much rice is there in the bag?
③ 对句中的数词和名称一起提问用 what.。 句式是 what is + sp ?
There are some people in the room. What is in the room?
④ some 用于肯定句中,还可用于表示提建议的和希望得到肯定回答的疑问句中。any 用于否定句和疑问句中,也可以用于肯定句中,表示“任何一个”
⑤ there be表示存在的“有”, 而have表示拥有占有的“有”。有时两者可以互换。
There are some books in my bag. = I have some books in my bag.
⑥ there be + sb/sth + doing sth + sp
2、marry sb 和某人结婚
3、be ( get ) married 已婚
4、be ( get ) married to sb 娶某人 / 嫁某人
5、表示两者中,“其中一个﹍﹍ 另外一个﹍﹍ ”用 one ﹍ , the other ﹍
I have two friends. One is David, the other is Bill.
6、over there 在那边
7、from ﹍ to ﹍ 从 ……到 …… (参校)between ┉ and ┉
8、be sure of ( about ) sth 对 …… 感到自信
9、be sure of sb 对 …… 感到相信
10、be sure to do sth 确信做某事
11、连接肯定句中并列的成分用”and” , 连接否定句中并列的成分用”or”
12、Thanks / Thank you for ( doing ) sth 为(做)某事感谢某人
第十一模块
1、句型:What’s the weather like in ﹍in ﹍ ? = How is the weather in ﹍in ﹍ ?
2、气象名词后面加y 变成形容词。如rain -- rainy , snow -- snowy , sun -- sunny
3、短语:go to the park , stay at home , stay inside , fly kites , go swimmng (shopping , skating ﹍) ,
4、(That’s) a good idea ! a lovely day see you soon play football ( basketball ﹍)
5、Why --- ? Because --- .
6、介词in, on , at, 表达时间用法
① in 用在表示一段时间的前面,如 in a year , in a week, in the day, in January , in the morning ( afternoon, evening )
② on 用在表示具体的某天或具体某天的上午,下午,晚上。如on Sunday, on Monday morning, on May 1st , on the afternoon of June 2nd on Labour Day
③ at 用在表示具体的时间 如 at 7 o’clock at half past six at noon , at night
7、put on wear dress in 表达“穿,戴”用法
put on 强调穿戴的动作,后面加衣服名词作宾语。
wear 强调穿戴的状态,后加衣服名词作宾语。
dress 后面加人作宾语。 dress sb (in﹍)
in 后加衣服名称或颜色名词,表示穿戴的状态。 (= wearing )
第十二模块
1、have ( has ) = have (has )got
Do you have ﹍? = Have you got ﹍?
Yes, I do / No, I don’t Yes, I have / No, I haven’t.
2、no some any every 和body one thing 一共组成的12个不定代词做主语时, 意思是单数;有形容词修饰它们的时候,形容词放在它们的后面。
如 Everything is OK.
I have something new to tell you.
3、序数词:first second third fifth eighth ninth twelfth twentieth thirty-first
基数词变序数词口诀:基变序,有规律。一、二、三特殊记。八少t ,九去e , ve要用f 替。整十变y成ieth。若是遇到几十几,只变个位就可以。
4、一般情况下,序数词前面要加定冠词the
5、too ,also 都做“也”讲,是同义词。 too一般用在句尾,并用逗号分开。also一般用在句中。( either “也”用于否定句中)
如:
6、finish school 放学。 finish ( doing ) sth 完成(做)某事
7、after school / class 放学 / 下课
8、the last lesson 最后一节课
9、how about / what about sb / sth ? 某人/某事怎么样?
第十三模块
1、 不可数名词。不可数名词没有复数形式,做主语时,谓语动词用单数。不可数名词前面不能直接加数词或冠词(the)除外。但是它们前面可以加a bag of , two boxes of, some , much 等短语或词。
2、学过的不可数名称有 music art science English Chinese time homework weather rain wind rice milk bread fish cream ice orange money food snow life fun exercise water tea glass Coke hair oil soup
3、有时不可数名词可以有复数形式,表示多种,多次等意思。Foods rains
4、学习用one或ones代替前文出现的可数名词的单复数形式。
5、学习助动词do的用法
6、表示三餐吃了什么用“ have (eat )+ 食物名词 + 三餐名词”
如: I have bread for lunch . 我午饭吃面包
What do you have for 三餐名词 ?
What do you have for dinner ? 你正餐吃什么?
第十四模块
1、学习第三人称单数助动词的用法
2、at the weekends = on weekends“在周末”
at the weekdays/workdays = on weekdays/workdays “在工作日”
3、乐器前面要加定冠词如play the piano。 球类运动和三餐名词前不加定冠词, 如 play football have lunch 等
但如果三餐前有形容词修饰时,前面可加冠词。
如:I have a nice lunch.
4、flower market 花市
5、lucky money 压岁钱
Lucky you! You are lucky!. 你真幸运! Good luck to you ! 祝你好运!