石油化工知识

石油化工知识 This article is contributed by ft34433 DOC documents may experience poor browsing on the WAP side. It is recommended that you first select TXT, or download the source file to the local view. Petrochemical knowledge Petrochemical basic raw material of petrochemical based raw materials are of 4 kinds: alkynes (acetylene), olefins (ethylene, propylene, butene and butadiene), Fang Ting (benzene, toluene and xylene) and synthesis gas. From these basic raw materials, a variety of important organic chemical products and synthetic materials, natural gas chemical industry, natural gas as raw material chemical industry, short for natural gas chemical industry can be prepared. The main contents are as follows: 1) carbon black for natural gas; 2) natural gas extraction of helium 3); natural gas; 4) ammonia gas; 5) natural gas to methanol; 6) acetylene production from natural gas; 7) natural gas methane chloride; 8) carbon tetrachloride 9) natural gas; gas nitro methane; carbon disulfide gas; 10) 11) of natural gas to ethylene; 12) natural gas sulfur etc.. 100 * 104 t crude oil processing chemical raw materials according to statistics, 100 * 104 t crude oil processing output: 15 x 104 t ethylene propylene, 9 x 104 x 104 t 2.5 T, butadiene, aromatic 8 * 104 t 9 * 104 T, gasoline, fuel oil 47.5 * 104 t. The classification of refineries can be divided into 4 types. 1) fuel oil type produces gasoline, kerosene, light and heavy diesel oil and boiler fuel. 2) fuel oil type, in addition to producing a variety of fuel oil, but also produces a variety of lubricants. 3) fuel chemical type, mainly in the production of fuel oil and chemical products. 4) fuel lubricant chemical type, it is a comprehensive refinery, producing both fuels, chemicals or products, and producing lubricants at the same time. The evaluation of crude oil test when processing a kind of crude oil, color and odor, and boiling point distillation, density, viscosity, pour point, flash point and ignition point, ignition point, carbon residue, sulfur and other indicators to the determination of crude oil, crude oil is the evaluation test. Three of the one or two, the refinery processing device of crude oil distillation is divided into several different boiling point ranges (i.e. the fraction) is a process; a processed fraction and then processed into commercial oil called two processing; process two processed commodity oil to produce basic organic chemical raw materials called three processing. A process unit; atmospheric distillation or atmospheric vacuum distillation. Two processing units: catalysis, hydrocracking, delayed coking, catalytic reforming, alkylation, hydrogenation, etc.. Three processing device: cracking process to produce ethylene, aromatics and other chemical raw materials. The octane number that the octane number of gasoline combustion index of earthquake in a gasoline engine at. In ISO octane number for 100, heptane octane number set to zero, the two standard fuel with different volume ratio, mixed liquor can be of different seismic grade, when the engine is working under the same conditions, and the measured fuel were compared. The percentage of isooctane contained in the mixture in which the seismic resistance is equal to the sample is the octane number of the sample. Gasoline octane value, good seismic resistance, quality is good. Sixteen alkane value, sixteen alkane value, that is, diesel fuel combustion in the diesel engine when the index of spontaneous combustion. The sixteen alkane value of the pure sixteen alkane is usually 100, and the value of the sixteen alkane of methyl naphthalene is zero, and it is mixed in different proportions, Standard fuel with different grades of sixteen - 100 for different antiknock grades can be obtained, and compared with diesel to be tested on a single cylinder test machine of a certain structure. Main chemical reaction of catalytic cracking 1) cracking reaction. The cracking reaction is a C-C bond cleavage reaction, and the reaction rate is faster. 2) isomerization reaction. It is the change of structure and position of hydrocarbon molecule in the case of constant molecular weight. 3) hydrogen transfer reaction. A hydrogen from a hydrocarbon molecule is removed and added immediately The other alkene molecules give the alkene a saturated reaction. 4) aromatization reaction. Aromatization is the further hydrogen transfer reaction of alkanes and olefins after cyclization. The hydrogen atoms are continuously released during the reaction, and finally aromatic hydrocarbons are produced. Coking and its product coking is the process of heating and cracking the heavy oil into light oil, middle distillate oil and coke. The products are: (1) gas; 2) gasoline; 3) diesel; 4) wax oil; 5) Petroleum coke. The main raw materials of the hydrocracking of main raw materials and products of hydrocracking is heavy distillate oil, including catalytic cycle oil and coking distillate oil. The main products are high-quality light oil, especially the production of high quality aviation kerosene and diesel with low pour point. Catalytic reforming process plays an important role in the refining industry because it has three functions: first, it can turn straight gasoline with very low octane number into high octane gasoline of 80 to 90. Two is the production of large amounts of benzene, toluene and xylene, which are the basic raw materials for the production of synthetic plastics, synthetic fibers and synthetic rubber. Three is a by-product of large quantities of cheap hydrogen. The position of solvent deasphalting in refineries is that the solvent deasphalting unit is not only a "leading device" for producing heavy lubricating oil, but also a heavy oil processing device, which occupies an important position in the refinery. After the vacuum residuum was treated by solvent deasphalting, asphaltene, colloid and metal containing non hydrocarbon compounds were removed. Deasphalted oil can be used for heavy lubricating oil, but also can be used as FCC feedstock; direct synthesis of deoiled asphalt road asphalt or oxidized asphalt constructio