常用临床医学术语[新版]

常用临床医学术语[新版] .常用临床医学术语 diseases疾病 acute diseases急性病 advanced diseases病沉重期，晚期疾病 chronic diseases慢性病 communicable diseases传染病 complicating diseases并发病 congenital diseases先天性疾病 acquired diseases后天性疾病 contagious diseases接触性传染病 endemic diseases地方病 epidemic diseases流行病 functional diseases机能病、官能病 infectious diseases传染病 inherited diseases遗传病 malignant diseases恶性病 nutritional diseases营养病 occupation diseases职业病 organic diseases器质性病 paroxysmal diseases阵发性病 periodical diseases周期病 primary(principal)diseases原发(主导)病 secondary diseases继发病 sexual(venereal, social)diseases性病 terminal diseases绝症 wasting diseases消耗性疾病 chief complaint主诉 clinical manifestation临床表现 delivery history分娩史 etiology病因学 family history家族史 history, medical history病史 precipitating(induced)诱因 marital status婚姻状况 menstrual history月经史 menarche初潮 menopause闭经 past history既往史 pathogenesis发病机制 personal history个人史 symptoms症状 cardinal symptom主要症状 classical symptom典型症状 concomitant symptom伴发症状 constitutional(systemic) symptom全身症状 indirect symptom间接症状 induced symptom诱发症状 local symptom局部症状 mental symptom精神症状 symptom-complex (syndrome)symptom综合症，症候群 signs体征 antecedent前驱征 assident (accessory)副征 commemorative后遗症 sign of death死征 diagnostic诊断征 sign of disease病征 subjective自觉征，主观征 vein sign静脉征 vital sign生命体征 body length (height of the body)身高 body weight体重 barrel chest桶状胸 cachexia恶病质 compulsive position被动体位 critical facies病危面容 emaciation消瘦 enophthalmos眼球下陷 entropion睑内翻 exophthalmos眼球突出 flushed face面色潮红 gain (loss) in weight增加(减轻)体重 lock-jaw牙关紧闭 lordosis脊柱前凸 nasal ala flap鼻翼扇动 nystagmus眼震 obesity肥胖 pallor苍白 scolisis脊柱侧凸 agitation焦急不安 debility, weakness虚弱 diaphoresis出汗，大量出汗 dizziness, vertigo眩晕 lassitude, fatigue无力，倦怠 malaise不适 night sweat盗汗 numbness麻木 rigor, chill寒冷，发冷 perspiration, sweating出汗 pruritus, itching痒， somasthenia躯体无力 tingling麻刺感 abscess脓肿 acidosis酸中毒 adhesion粘连 alkalosis碱中毒 allergy过敏 coagulation defect凝血不良 congestion充血 dehydration脱水 distention膨胀 edema水肿 embolism栓塞，栓塞形成 fluid and electrolyte imbalance水电解质紊乱 gangrene坏疽 hematoma血肿 hemorrhage, bleeding出血 infarction梗塞，梗死 infection传染 inflammation炎症 ketoacidosis酮酸中毒 metastasis转移 perforation穿孔 necrosis坏死 shock休克 response反应，应答 reaction反应，感应 thrombosis血栓形成 ulceration溃疡 fever, pyrexia发烧，发热 continuous fever稽留热 intermittent fever间歇热 low-grade fever低热 remittent fever驰张热 relapsing fever回归热 pain痛 burning pain灼痛 chest(flank,…) pain胸(胁腹…)痛 cramp-like pain痉挛性痛 dull, diffused pain弥漫性钝痛 pleuritic pain胸膜炎性痛 radiating pain (pain radiating to…)放射性痛(放射到…疼痛)angina 绞痛 cardiac angina心绞痛 backache背痛 colic绞痛，急腹痛 earache耳痛 headache头痛 neuralgia神经痛 migraine偏头痛 rebound tenderness反跳痛 somatalgia躯体痛 sore throat咽喉痛 stomachache胃痛 toothache牙痛 bloody sputum带血的痰 cough咳嗽 dry cough干咳 expectoration咳痰 expectoration of blood咳血 hemoptysis咳血 anoxia缺氧 apnea呼吸暂停，窒息 asthma气喘，哮喘 Cheyne Stokes respiration切,斯氏呼吸，潮式呼吸 dyspnea呼吸困难 hyperpnea hyperventilation过度呼吸，换气过度 hypopnea呼吸不全， 呼吸浅表 hypoxia低氧，缺氧 orthopnea端坐呼吸 respiratory arrest呼吸停止 suffocation窒息 tachypnea呼吸急促 fetid breath口臭 fruity breath呼吸有水果味 arrhythmia心律失常，心律不齐 atelectasis肺不张，肺膨胀不全 cardiac arrest心搏骤停 cardiac hypertrophy心脏肥大 cyanosis发绀，青紫 distension of jugular vein颈静脉怒张 extrasystole期外收缩 gallop rhythm奔马律 hemopleura血胸 hepatojugular reflux肝颈静脉回流 hypovolemia(循环)血容量减少 palpitation心悸 tachycardia心动过速 pneumothorax气胸 thrill震颤 absent breath sounds呼吸音消失 dull sound浊音 hyperresonant鼓音 rale啰音 rhonchus, rhonchi鼾音，干啰音 wheeze哮鸣音 anorexia, loss of appetite食欲不振，厌食 dysphagia吞咽困难 eructation嗳气 belching嗳气 flatulence气胀 flatus肠胃气，屁 gaseous distention胃胀气 hematemesis呕血 hiccough, hiccup打呃，呃逆 nausea恶心 pyrosis胃灼热 regurgitation反胃，回流 thirsty口渴 vomiting呕吐 anal fissure, crack in the anal canal肛裂 ascites腹水 board-like rigidity of the abdomen板状腹 decreased tactile fremitus触觉性震颤减弱 exophageal varices食管静脉曲张 fistula瘘，瘘管 hemorrhoid痔 hernia疝 hepatomegaly肝肿大 intussusception肠套叠 jaundice黄疸 muscle guarding, defence of the abdominal wall腹壁肌卫 peristalsis蠕动 loss of peristalsis蠕动消失 mass peristalsis总蠕动 retrograde (reversed) peristalsis逆蠕动 prolapse脱垂 prolapse of anus脱肛 rectal prolapse直肠脱垂，脱肛 volvulus肠扭转 calculus结石， 石 biliary calculus胆结石 vesical calculus膀胱结石 constipation便秘 defecation排便 diarrhea腹泻 incontinence of feces大便失禁 hematochezia便血 fecal impaction大便嵌塞 occult blood潜血 painful straining with defecation排便痛性牵动 clay colored stools陶土色便 dark, granular/coffee ground emesis咖啡样呕吐物 fecal vomiting, stercoraceous vomiting呕粪，吐粪 foul fatty stools, steatorrhea恶臭脂肪便，脂肪痢 scanty and hard stools便少而硬 tarry (black) stools柏油样便 anuria无尿 burning sensation no urination排尿时的灼烧感 dysurea排尿困难，尿痛 enuresis, bed wetting遗尿 frequency of urination尿频 micturation排尿 uresis, urination, voiding排尿 nocturia夜尿 oliguria少尿 polyuria多尿 tenesmus里急后重 vesical tenesmus排尿时里急后重 uremia coma尿毒症昏迷 urgency of urination尿急 urinary incontinence尿失禁 aciduria酸尿 chyluria乳糜尿 cylindruia管型尿 glycosuria糖尿 hematuria血尿 ketonuria酮尿 pneumatinuria气尿 proteinuria蛋白尿 pyuria脓尿 amenorrhea经闭，无月经 dysmenorrhea痛经 menorrhagia月经过多 lochia恶露 menorrhea行经，月经过多 menstruation月经 uterine contraction子宫收缩 blotch斑点 bruise挫伤，青肿 acne痤疮，粉刺 desquamation脱皮，脱屑 ecchymosis瘀斑 loss of skin turgor失去皮肤充盈 nevus痣 papule丘疹 petechia瘀点，瘀斑 pigmentation色素沉着 pustule脓疱 purpura紫癫 red nodule红结节 roseola玫瑰疹 scar伤疤 senile plaque老人斑 spider anaioma蛛形痣 subcutaneous nodule皮下结节 urticaria荨麻疹 vesicle小水疱 vitiligo白斑 blindness失明 blurred vision, visual disturbance视力模糊 impaired vision视力下降 lacrimation流泪 papilledema视神经乳头水肿 photophobia畏光，羞明 retinal detachment视网膜脱离 deafness聋 hearing loss听力丧失 tinnitus耳鸣 epistaxis, nasal bleeding鼻出血 impaired smelling嗅觉障碍 nasal discharge鼻涕 nasal obstruction鼻塞 sneeze喷嚏 snore打鼾 aphonia, loss of voice失音症 hoarseness嘶哑 gum bleeding齿龈出血 herpes labialis唇疱疹，感冒疮 Koplik’s spots科普利克斑 lead line of the gum龈铅线 salivation, drooling流口水 straw-berry tongue草莓舌 tremulous tongue舌震颤 atrophy萎缩 contracture挛缩 deformity畸形，变形 dislocation脱位 fracture骨折 closed (simple)fracture无创骨折，单纯性骨折 comminuted fracture粉碎性骨折 compound fracture哆开(开放性)骨折 knock-knee膝外翻 opisthotonos角弓反张 prosthesis假体 spasm痉挛 tetany (肌)强直，手足抽搦 wrist drop腕下垂 aphasia失语 ataxia共济失调 coma昏迷 consciousness知觉，意识 convulsion抽搐，惊厥 delirium谵妄 delusion妄想 faint昏厥 hallucination幻觉 hemiplegia偏瘫 increased intracranial pressure颅内压增高 insanity精神错乱 loss of orientation定向丧失 mania躁狂 memory defects, amnesia记忆缺损，遗忘症 paraplegia截瘫，下身麻痹 projectile vomiting喷射性呕吐 somnolence, (lethargy)昏睡，嗜睡 stupor木僵，昏呆 tetraplegia四肢瘫痪 unconsciousness失去知觉 yawning打哈欠 crisis危象 cerebral (febrile, hematic, hemolytic,hypertensive, thyrotoxic, ...) crisis 脑(热、血性、溶血、高血压、甲状腺中毒…)危象 failure衰竭，故障 central (circulatory, cardiac, myocardiac, peripheral, congestive, renal, respiratory) failure 中枢(循环、心力、心肌、周围循环、充血性、肾、呼吸…)衰 竭 diagnosis诊断 auscultation听诊 inspection视诊 palpation触诊 percussion叩诊 laboratory examination实验室检查 physical examination体格检查 rectal (vaginal) touch直肠(阴道)指诊 impression印象 tentative diagnosis暂定诊断 differential diagnosis鉴别诊断 final diagnosis最后诊断 prognosis预后 prescription处方 incubation (latent) period潜伏期 prodromal stage前驱期 incipient stage初期 quiescent stage静止期 alleviation减轻，缓和 remission缓解 attack发作 convalescence (recovery) stage恢复期 rehabilitation康复 relapse复发 sudden death猝死 moribund濒死的 course of the disease病程 course of the treatment疗程 indication适应症，指征 complication并发症 contraindication禁忌症 side-effect副作用 sequel (sequela), after effect后遗症 therapies治疗方法 acupuncture therapy针刺疗法 block therapy封闭疗法 chemical therpy (chemo-therapy)化学疗法 combined therapy综合疗法 conservative therapy保守疗法 constitutional therapy全身疗法 dietetic therapy饮食疗法 operative treatment手术疗法 palliative treatment, alleviative treatment姑息疗法 physical therapy物理疗法 psychotherapy精神疗法 radical treatment根治 radio-therapy放射性疗法 supporting treatment支持疗法 symptomatic treatment对症疗法 cardiac massage心脏按摩 cardiac pacing心脏起博 electrotherapy电疗法 electroshock treatment电休克疗法 hemodialysis血液透析 hyperbaric therapy高压氧疗法 insulin-shock treatment胰岛素休克疗法 light therapy光疗法 therapeutic gymnastics医疗体育