英语四级知识点

英语四级知识点 一，翻译 (1)句型以及其倒装使用 掌握如下常用句型(以倒装方式给出) Not only ……..but also.. So ( Such )…that... Not until… Neither…..nor… Hardly …..when… No sooner ……than… Only by /through /in …., ……… 例:Not only __________ (他向我收费过高)but he didn’t do a good repair. (key:did he charge me too much) (2)从句 a. 定语从句 2008年12月翻译真题第87题: Medical researchers are painfully aware that there are many problems _________________(他们至今还没有 答案 八年级地理上册填图题岩土工程勘察试题省略号的作用及举例应急救援安全知识车间5s试题及答案 ) (Key :which/that they haven’t found answers to) b. 状语从句 真题中出现过如if 条件状语从句(2007 年6月第 91题)，no matter引导的让步状语从句(2007年12月第89题和2008年6月第89题) 建议:关于定语从句，到目前为止所考察的均为关系代词which/ that等所引导的，所以考生需额外留意关系副词where/ when/how 所引导的定语从句。对于状语从句，继续复习如时间状语从句，方式状语从句，因果状语从句等其他类状语从句。除却定语从句，状语从句外，名词性从句也需加强，如宾语从句(特别注意wish/ would rather 引导的宾语从句中虚拟样式)， 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 语从句，同位语从句甚至主语从句。 (3)非谓语动词 a. 分词做伴随状语 2008年6月第90题: ______________(与我成长的地方相比) this town is more prosperous and exciting. (key : Compared with the place where I grew up)注意，答案中除过去分词(compared with …)做伴随外，还含有where引导的定语从句。 b. 动词不定式做目的状语 2006年6月第88题 _____________(为了挣钱供我上学)，Mother often takes on more work than is good for her. (Key : to support my university studies ) 建议:由于非谓语动词除分词和动词不定式外，还包括动名词，但尚未考察过，所以考生有必要预备非谓语动词之“动名词”情况。 (4)其他类语法如:虚拟语气，比较级，情态动词。 (5)常用词组:尤其是动介词组，如adapt to …., have trouble doing ……， be likely to do…. , attribute …to..等类似样式。 引申:定语从句 如:?I will never forget the days when/in which we worked together. ?I will never forget the days which/that we spent together. 解析:在句?中，表示时间的名词the days在从句中充当的是状语，所以用关系副词when来代指，引导定语从句修饰先行词the days;而在句?中，表示时间的名词the days在从句中充当的是动词spent的宾语，所以用关系代词that或which来代指。同样，表示地点或原因的名词如果在从句中作状语，则用关系副词where 或why来代指;如果在从句中作动词的宾语，则用which或that来代替。 如:?This is the factory where/in which I worked.(作状语) ?This is the factory that/which I visited years ago.(作宾语) 另外，定语从句中谓语动词的数应与先行词的数相一致。如: ? Mr. Jackson is the only foreigner that is present at the party ? He is one of the students who were praised by the teacher. 解析:在句?中，先行词foreigner被only修饰，强调只有一个，所以从句中谓语动词用单 数形式，而在句?中，who引导的定语从句修饰先行词the students，为复数，所以从句谓语 动词应为复数。 二 名词性从句中的易错点 (一) that引导的定语从句与同位语从句 That在定语从句中必须作成分，可用which或who/whom代替，而that在同位语从句中不充 当任何句子成分，只起连接作用。如:?Along with the letter was his promise that he would visit me this coming Christmas. ?Do you still remember the chicken farm that we visited three months ago. 解析:在句?中，that引导同位语从句解释说明promise的内容，that不充当任何句子成分， 只起连接作用，而在句?中，that在其引导的定语从句中作动词visited的宾语，对先行词the chicken farm起修饰作用。 (二)名词性从句中，关于it作形式主语和形式宾语的易错点 1)名词性从句作主语或宾语时，为保持句子平衡，常用it作形式主语或形式宾语。如: It’s a pity that he don’t come to give a speech.(形式主语) We think it possible that you can finish the job today.(形式宾语) 2)谓语动词 appreciate, dislike, hate, like, love, make等接由if或when 引导的宾语从句时往 往在从句前加上形式宾语it. 例如:I would appreciate it if you could come to my birthday party. 3)动词hare, take, hide, punish, put等,后接由that 引导的病因从句式，往往在从句前加形式 宾语it. 例如:? I take it that you will be leaving Shanghai soon. ? we punished it that we had finished the project ahead of time. 4)短语动词answer for, count on depend on, insist on, see to等后接有that引导的宾语从句时， 必须冠以形式宾语it. 例如:? I’m counting on it that you will come. ? She’ll see to it that he goes ahead. 注:作形式主语和形式宾语时只能用it. 四、虚拟语气 I 虚拟语气在if 引导的条件句中的易错点。 ? if my lawyer had been here last Saturday, he would have prevented me from going. ? if you had studied hard at school, you would be a college student now. 句子??都是虚拟语气在条件句中的使用，从句中都是假设过去的情况，所以用过去完成时， 但在主句中，句?依然指代过去的情况，谓语动词是would have done，而?中含有一个表 示现在的时间状语now, 这样就必须将其理解为假设现在的情况，所以谓语动词必须为 would/should/might+动词原形，学生在这一点上经常会忽略now的存在，从而按句?的形式 填写答案。 ?虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法 1.在it is important (strange, natural, necessary……)+that 句子或者It is decided (ordered, suggested, demanded, advised……)+that句子中，主语从句中的谓语动词常用(should)+动词原形结构，表示某事“重要”、“必要”、“被决定”等 例如:? it is important that everyone (should ) obey the rules all day and all night. ? it is decided that the meeting (should) be held tomorrow afternoon. 2. suggest, insist 后面指宾语从句时需注意的地方 1)?suggest 当“建议”“提出”讲时，其后宾语从句的谓语动词常用“should+动词原形” 例如:He suggested that the work (should) be started at once 他建议立即动工。 类似的动词还有insist坚持，demand 要求 对教师党员的评价套管和固井爆破片与爆破装置仓库管理基本要求三甲医院都需要复审吗 ，desire要求、请求，request请求，require要求、需要，order命令，propose建议，command命令，ask要求，advise建议，prefer宁愿等。 这些动词变被动语态(如:It is suggested + that主语从句)形式后，主语从句谓语动词仍用“(should)+动词原形”这些动词变名词(如suggestion)后，其后的表语从句和同位语从句中的谓语部分仍用“(should)+动词原形” ?suggest 当“提出(某看法)，暗示，启发”讲时，其后宾语从句的动词不用虚拟语气。 例如:(1)The police suggested that the thief might be one of the family member 警察局提出窃贼可能是一名家庭成员。 (2)Her yawns suggests that she is sleepy. 她打哈欠表明她困了。 (3)Although he didn’t suggest that we __ the decision to swim across the river, but his look suggested that our decision __wrong.虽然他没提出我们应该终止游过这条河的决定，但他的表情表明我们的决定是错误的。 A:stop; was B: should stop; be C: stopped ;was D: stopped; should be 在这个句子中，前一个suggest当“建议”“提出”讲，而后一个作“表明”讲，所以答案为“A” 2)?insist作“坚决要求…该…;坚持认为…定要…”讲时，其后宾语从句的谓语动词用“(should)+动词原形” 例如:I insisted that you (should) be there on time.我坚持认为你应该准时到那里去 ?insist 作“坚持(意见，看法);坚持说，确信”讲时，其后从句不用虚拟语气。 例如:He suggested (that) he heard someone in the next room. 他坚持说他听到隔壁屋子里有人。 五.反意疑问句中的易错点 1.在一般疑问句中，无论肯定的问或是否定的问，如果回答为肯定则用yes，反之则用no.特别注意如果出现省略则看下文所暗示的意义。 ?—Are you a new comer? —Yes, I came here only yesterday. ?—Isn’t Tom a good student? —Yes, he is excellent. ?—Don’t you think the composition good? —No, It can’t be any worse. 注意:在??句中，当回答的意思与问句相一致时，则用No，译为“是的”，当回答的意思与问句相反时，则用Yes，译为“不” 2.情态动词must ? I must leave now, mustn’t I ? ? He must be in the classroom, isn’t ?(表推测) ? He must have finished his homework, hasn’t he ? (表现在的结果) ? He must have finished his homework yesterday afternoon, didn’t he? (表过去) 当句子中有表示猜测的情态动词时，其反意疑问句的构成不能再用原句中的情态动词，而应 根据原句在去掉情态动词的情况下的主谓关系来确定其反问形式。 六、非谓语动词中的易错点 非谓语与其逻辑主语(即动作的执行者或承受者)之间有三种关系，如为主谓关系，则用现在分词或不定式的主动式;如为被动关系则用过去分词、现在分词的被动(强调动作正在进行)或不定式的被动式(动作将进行);如既无主动也无被动关系则只能用状语从句或独立主格结构(即非谓语加上自己的逻辑主语)。 Judging/considering/generally speaking/supposing 指说话者的动作，故只用主动式。如: Having been ill in bed for nearly a month , he had a hard time passing the exam. 解析:从这个句子可以看出，句词的逻辑主语与句子的主语he一致，并且是主谓关系，所以用了现在的分词作状语，同时，分词的动作明显地发生在句子的谓语动词动作之前，故采用了现代分词的完成式。 二，写作 ,过渡句: as it did/ does in the case of sb./ sth. +定语从句 This can give rise to horrible situations, as it does in the case of American students who are constantly under the threat of being shot to death. (这会引发令人恐惧的事情，长期处在被枪击致死威胁的美国学生就是这样一个例子。) ,为大学英语写作加分的30句经典谚语 1. The more you pay,the more you will gain。付出越多，收获就越多. 2.The view from the mountain top was most picturesque.。最美的风景总在最高的地方. 3.Every man is the architect of his own forture。自己的命运自己掌握. 4.Never too told to learn ,never too late to turn。亡羊补牢，为时不晚. 5.No cross,no crown.,不经历风雨，怎么见彩虹. 6.No pains,no gains。没有付出就没有收获. 7.A friend without faults will never be found. 完美是朋友永不可得 8.Life is just a series of trying to make up your mind . 生活只是一个不断努力，下决心的过程. 9.There is fierce competition in the college Entrance Examinations。高考竞争激烈. 10.Every man has his fault。人无完人 11.Face the music。面对现实. 12 When the going gets tough, the tough get going。艰难之路，惟勇这行 13.Don not give up。不要放弃. 14.The happy the happiness。越快乐越幸福 。 15.Where thoughts serenely sweet express。宽容世间物，平净已心灵. 16.A good book is a good friend好书如挚友. 17.To save time is to lengthen life节约时间就是延长生命. 18.The greatest pride in life is exploration and precious。人生最值得骄傲的是-探索和奉献。 19Today must borrow nothing of tomorrow 。今日事，今日毕。 20.No cross no crown。没付出，没收获。 21.When the going gets though the tugh get going。艰难之路，惟勇者行。 22.Working together,hard work。团结互助，艰苦奋斗。 23.Knowedge is possiession。智慧是财富。 24.Half a successed is hard work。成功的一半是努力。 25.A crowd is not company。经常在一起，未必是知己 26.If you think you can ,you can。有志者事竟成。 27. No cars, no crown。没有付出就没有收获。 28.Great hope make great men。伟大的理想造就伟大的人物。 29.Doubt is the key of knowledge。学贵有疑。 30. Where is a will there is a way。有志者事竟成。 1(表示原因 1)There are three reasons for this( 2)The reasons for this are as follows( 3)The reason for this is obvious( 4)The reason for this is not far to seek( 5)The reason for this is that((( 6)We have good reason to believe that((( 例如: There are three reasons for the changes that have taken place in our life(Firstly，people’s living standard has been greatly improved(Secondly，most people are well paid， and they can afford what they need or like(Last but not least，more and more people prefer to enjoy modern life( 2(表示好处 1)It has the following advantages( 2)It does us a lot of good( 3)It benefits us quite a lot( 4)It is beneficial to us( 5)It is of great benefit to us( 如: Books are like friends(They can help us know the world better，and they can open our minds and widen our horizons(Therefore，reading extensively is of great benefit to us( 3(表示坏处 1)It has more disadvantages than advantages( 2)It does us much harm( 3)It is harmful to us( 例如: However，everything divides into two(Television can also be harmful to us(It can do harm to our health and make us lazy if we spend too much time watching television( 4(表示重要、必要、困难、方便、可能 1)It is important(necessary，difficult，convenient， possible)for sb(to do sth( 2)We think it necessary to do sth( 3)It plays an important role in our life( 例如: Computers are now being used everywhere，whether in the government，in schools or in business(Soon， computers will be found in every home，too(We have good reason to say that computers are playing an increasingly important role in our life and we have stepped into the Computer Age( 5(表示 措施 《全国民用建筑工程设计技术措施》规划•建筑•景观全国民用建筑工程设计技术措施》规划•建筑•景观软件质量保证措施下载工地伤害及预防措施下载关于贯彻落实的具体措施 1)We should take some effective measures( 2)We should try our best to overcome(conquer)the difficulties( 3)We should do our utmost in doing sth( 4)We should solve the problems that we are confronted(faced)with( 例如: The housing problem that we are confronted with is becoming more and more serious(Therefore，we must take some effective measures to solve it( 6(表示变化 1)Some changes have taken place in the past five years( 2)A great change will certainly be produced in the world’s communications( 3)The computer has brought about many changes in education( 例如: Some changes have taken place in people’s diet in the past five years(The major reasons for these changes are not far to seek(Nowadays，more and more people are switching from grain to meat for protein，and from fruit and vegetable to milk for vitamins( 7(表示事实、现状 1)We cannot ignore the fact that((( 2)No one can deny the fact that((( 3)There is no denying the fact that((( 4)This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in( 5)However，that’s not the case( 例如: We cannot ignore the fact that industrialization brings with it the problems of pollution(To solve these problems， we can start by educating the public about the hazards of pollution(The government on its part should also design stricter laws to promote a cleaner environment( 8(表示比较 1)Compared with A，B((( 2)I prefer to read rather than watch TV( 3)There is a striking contrast between them( 例如: Compared with cars，bicycles have several advantages besides being affordable(Firstly，they do not consume natural resources of petroleum(Secondly，they do not cause the pollution problem(Last but not least，they contribute to people’s health by giving them due physical exercise( 9(表示数量 1)It has increased(decreased)from(((to((( 2)The population in this city has now increased (decreased)to 800，000( 3)The output of July in this factory increased by 15, compared with that of January( 例如: With the improvement of the living standard，the proportion of people’s income spent on food has decreased while that spent on education has increased( 再如: From the graph listed above，it can be seen that student use of computers has increased from an average of less than two hours per week in 1990 to 20 hours in 2000( 10(表示看法 1)People have(take，adopt，assume)different attitudes towards sth( 2)People have different opinions on this problem( 3)People take different views of(on)the question( 4)Some people believe that(((Others argue that((( 例如: People have different attitudes towards failure(Some believe that failure leads to success( Every failure they experience translates into a greater chance of success at their renewed endeavor(However， others are easily discouraged by failures and put themselves into the category of losers( 再如: Do “lucky numberseally bring good luck,Different people have different views on it( 注:一个段落有时很适宜以问句开始，考生应掌握这一写作方法。 11(表示结论 1)In short，it can be said that ((( 2)It may be briefly summed up as follows( 3)From what has been mentioned above，we can come to the conclusion that ((( 例如: From what has been mentioned above，we can come to the conclusion that examination is necessary，however， its method should be improved( 注:例句1可用于任何一个段落的结论句;例句3则多用文章结论段的第一句。 12(套语 1)It’s well known to us that ((( 2)As is known to us，((( 3)This is a topic that is being widely talked about( 4)From the graph(table，chart)listed above，it can be seen that ((( 5)As a proverb says，“Where there is a will，there is a way( 例如: As is well known to us，it is important for the students to know the world outside campus( The reason for this is obvious(Nowadays，the society is changing and developing rapidly，and the campus is no longer an “ivory towerAs college students，we must get in touch with the world outside the campus(Only in this way can we adapt ourselves to the society quickly after we graduate( 再如: Does it pay to be honest,This is a topic that is being widely talked about and different people have different opinions on it( 1(随着经济的快速发展with the rapid development of economy 2(人民生活水平的显著提高/ 稳步增长 the remarkable improvement/ steady growth of people’s living standard 3(先进的科学技术 advanced science and technology 4(面临新的机遇和挑战 be faced with new opportunities and challenges 5(人们普遍认为 It is commonly believed/ recognized that„ 6(社会发展的必然结果 the inevitable result of social development 7(引起了广泛的公众关注 arouse wide public concern/ draw public attention 8(不可否认 It is undeniable that„/ There is no denying that„ 9(热烈的讨论/ 争论 a heated discussion/ debate 10. 有争议性的问题 a controversial issue 11(完全不同的观点 a totally different argument 12(一些人 „而另外一些人 „ Some people„ while others„ 13. 就我而言/ 就个人而言 As far as I am concerned, / Personally, 14(就„达到绝对的一致 reach an absolute consensus on„ 15(有充分的理由支持 be supported by sound reasons 16(双方的论点 argument on both sides 17(发挥着日益重要的作用 play an increasingly important role in„ 18(对„必不可少 be indispensable to „ 19(正如谚语所说 As the proverb goes: 20(„也不例外 „be no exception 21(对„产生有利/不利的影响 exert positive/ negative effects on„ 22(利远远大于弊 the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages. 23(导致，引起 lead to/ give rise to/ contribute to/ result in 24(复杂的社会现象 a complicated social phenomenon 25(责任感 / 成就感 sense of responsibility/ sense of achievement 26. 竞争与合作精神 sense of competition and cooperation 27. 开阔眼界 widen one’s horizon/ broaden one’s vision 28(学习知识和技能 acquire knowledge and skills 29(经济/心理负担 financial burden / psychological burden 30(考虑到诸多因素 take many factors into account/ consideration 31. 从另一个角度 from another perspective 32(做出共同努力 make joint efforts 33. 对„有益 be beneficial / conducive to„ 34(为社会做贡献 make contributions to the society 35(打下坚实的基础 lay a solid foundation for„ 36(综合素质 comprehensive quality 37(无可非议 blameless / beyond reproach 39(致力于/ 投身于 be committed / devoted to„ 0. 应当承认 Admittedly, 41(不可推卸的义务 unshakable duty 42. 满足需求 satisfy/ meet the needs of„ 43(可靠的信息源 a reliable source of information 44(宝贵的自然资源 valuable natural resources 46(方便快捷 convenient and efficient 47(在人类生活的方方面面 in all aspects of human life 48(环保(的) environmental protection / environmentally friendly 49(社会进步的体现 a symbol of society progress 50(科技的飞速更新 the ever-accelerated updating of science and technology 51(对这一问题持有不同态度 hold different attitudes towards this issue 52(支持前/后种观点的人 people / those in fovor of the former/ latteropinion 53(有/ 提供如下理由/ 证据 have/ provide the following reasons/ evidence 54(在一定程度上 to some extent/ degree / in some way 55. 理论和实践相结合 integrate theory with practice 56. „必然趋势 an irresistible trend of„ 57(日益激烈的社会竞争 the increasingly fierce social competition 58(眼前利益 immediate interest/ short-term interest 59(长远利益. interest in the long run 60(„有其自身的优缺点 „ has its merits and demerits/ advantages and disadvantages 61(扬长避短 Exploit to the full one’s favorable conditions and avoid unfavorable ones 62(取其精髓，取其糟粕 Take the essence and discard the dregs. 63(对„有害 do harm to / be harmful to/ be detrimental to 64(交流思想/ 情感/ 信息 exchange ideas/ emotions/ information 65(跟上„的最新发展 keep pace with / catch up with/ keep abreast with the latest development of „ 66(采取有效措施来„ take effective measures to do sth. 67(„的健康发展 the healthy development of „ 68(有利有弊 Every coin has its two sides. No garden without weeds. 69(对„观点因人而异 Views on „vary from person to person. 70(重视 attach great importance to„ 71(社会地位 social status 72(把时间和精力放在„上 focus time and energy on„ 73(扩大知识面 expand one’s scope of knowledge 74(身心两方面 both physically and mentally 75(有直接/间接关系 be directly / indirectly related to„ 76. 提出折中提议 set forth a compromise proposal 77. 可以取代 “think”的词 believe, claim, maintain, argue, insist, hold the opinion/ belief that 78(缓解压力/ 减轻负担 relieve stress/ burden 79(优先考虑/发展„ give (top) priority to sth. 80(与„比较 compared with„/ in comparison with 81. 相反 in contrast / on the contrary. 82(代替 replace/ substitute / take the place of 83(经不起推敲 cannot bear closer analysis / cannot hold water 84(提供就业机会 offer job opportunities 85. 社会进步的反映 mirror of social progress 86(毫无疑问 Undoubtedly, / There is no doubt that„ 87(增进相互了解 enhance/ promote mutual understanding 88(充分利用 make full use of / take advantage of 89(承受更大的工作压力 suffer from heavier work pressure 90(保障社会的稳定和繁荣 guarantee the stability and prosperity of our society 91(更多地强调 put more emphasis on„ 92(适应社会发展 adapt oneself to the development of society 93(实现梦想 realize one’s dream/ make one’s dream come true 94. 主要理由列举如下 The main reasons are listed as follows: 95. 首先 First， Firstly， In the first place, To begin with 96(其次 Second, Secondly, In the second place 97. 再次 Besides，In addition, Additionally, Moreover, Furthermore 98. 最后 Finally, Last but not the least, Above all, Lastly, 99. 总而言之 All in all, To sum up, In summary, In a word, 100(我们还有很长的路要走 We still have a long way to go. 三，短语积累 绕路detour; take a detour; take a roundabout way 禁止进入is kept out; is barred from 小看make little of 坏了out of order; on the blink; is not working 分别distinguish between; make a distinction between; tell„from 依靠count on; depend on 忽视neglect; give too little care to 存在come to be; come into existence; come to birth; come into being 考虑consider; take into consideration; take into account 考虑到in consideration of 用尽力气exhaust one’s strength; use up one’s strength 开动initiate; set going 准备„brace for; prepare for 在于lie in; rest on; rest with 主动take the initiative 不算exclusive of; not counting; leaving out 应该得到deserve; have right to; is worthy of 避免avoid; shun; get around; circumvent 幻想fantasy; play of the mind 以此标准来算by this criterion; by this standard 乍看之下at first glance 面对in the face of; in the presence of 以by means of; by virtue of; by the use of 不惜代价at all costs 每况愈下from bad to worse 承受错误造成的后果in reaping the harvest of his mistakes 取得同意„get the go-ahead to 不择手段unscrupulously; by hook or by crook 想法与作法beliefs and practices 内情ins and outs; turns and twists 关键时刻the critical moment 虽然although; notwithstanding; albeit; though 根据according to; on the basis of; on the ground of (that); in the light of; in line with; in accordance with 逃避问题evade the question 增大enlarge; extend; aggrandize 澄清clarify; make clear 赔偿compensate for; give„as compensation for 实现carry out; implement; realize; make„come true 假定suppose; assume; postulate; hypothesize 极端的radical; extreme 极端的措施drastic measures 剩下的the rest; the remainder; what is left 换言之in other words; put another way 结果result; aftermath; consequence 优点advantage; strength; strong point; merit; benefit 简言之put simply; in short; in brief; in a nutshell 举例而言for instance; for example; to illustrate; let us cite 特别是an illustration; to cite a concrete case 特别是especially; more than others; particularly; in particular 既然„now that„; seeing that„ 迹象inkling; hint; clue; a slight suggestion 缺点disadvantage; demerit; shortcoming; drawback; weakness 除去do away with; eliminate; remove; get rid of 缺少for lack of; for a deficiency of 毕竟after all; all in all 范围scope; field; realm 潜力potential; 行为conduct; behavior; doings 隔绝isolate; insulate 分辨出identify; recognize 不易懂的elusive; hard to understand 展开unfold 回馈feedback 主导的人物a dominant figure; a controlling man; the most influential person 观点viewpoint; point of view; perspective; standpoint 正在进行中is underway 只是一种姿态is merely a gesture 立场position; stand; stance 意向inclination; leaning; intention 特权privilege; a special right 来自stem from; come from 一件事的不同说法alternative statements of fact 交织intertwine; interweave 好奇心the eager desire to know; curiosity 尊敬respect; esteem; think highly of 顽固的headstrong; obstinate; stubborn 暗淡的gloomy; dark; dim 巨大的huge; gigantic; colossal; vast; enormous; tremendous 探索explore; fathom 执行carry out; execute; do 现代modern times; modern age; contemporary age 偏见prejudice; bias; partiality; predilection 混乱chaos; commotion; confusion; disturbance; tumult 无弹性(僵硬)rigid 无缺点的flawless; airtight 无药可救incurable 无法避免的unavoidable; inevitable 细密的 计划 项目进度计划表范例计划下载计划下载计划下载课程教学计划下载 elaborate plan 取消cancel; annul; abolish 解药a cure for„; a remedy for; 谜puzzle; riddle; enigma 机会平等equality of opportunity 较有影响力的国家a predominant country 遵守abide by; conform to; observe; comply with 热情的passionate; ardent; zealous 模糊的ambiguous; vague; obscure 影响长远的far-reaching 失望despair; loss of hope; without hope 幼稚childish; childlike; na?e 挑剔的picky; choosy; fastidious 破坏destroy; ruin; break to pieces; devasate 技巧的skillful; adept; dexterous 警觉的alert; watchful; on guard; wary of 忍受bear; put up with; endure; stand 证据evidence; facts; proof; grounds; testimony 很容易地easily; with little problem; with little hindrance 令人惊讶的amazing; astonishing; astounding 生动的报导vivid description 争取compete for; try hard to win 遗产heritage; legacy; inheritance 保护protect; safeguard; preserve; shelter 了解understand; comprehend; catch the meaning of; catch on 汇露reveal; make known; disclose 放大amplify; magnify; enlarge 动力impetus; driving force; momentum 自满的complacent 第一流的first-rate; excellent 安全处refuge; asylum; haven; sanctuary 强调emphasize; stress; highlight 短视的决定short-sighted decision 真正的genuine; authentic; real 怪异的eccentric; peculiar; odd 明显的distinct; clear; explicit; obvious 得到„的注意capture one’s attention 事事干涉的meddlesome; interfering 背景setting; background 假的fake; false; counterfeit 夸大报导dramatize 退步setback 古人the ancients 古老的old; ancient; archaeic 逃犯infringe (on); violate 使害怕intimidate; frighten 带来生气enliven 对手rival 吸引人的intriguing 旁观者onlooker 准确地说to be exact; to be precise; precisely 突然醒悟it dawned on me that 仔细思考之后after long deliberation; after careful thought 可互换的interchangeable 可与„相比is comparable with (to) 普遍的prevailing; common; prevalent 是一个对比is a sharp contrast to 比作is likened to; is compared to 多样化的heterogeneous 单一性的homogeneous 一般而言in general; generally speaking; by and large 满于现状be happy with what you are 预测未来project into the future 另一个观点是„ another way of looking at the matter is„ 不宜取笑„ it is not decent to make fun of„ 评估社会文化因素 assess (evaluate) sociocultural factors 那并非说„ that does not mean that„ 那有这回事 there is no such thing as 一个有待克服的困难是„ a major hurdle for us to overcome is„ 由„造成 caused by; attributable to; due to; resulting from 由„组成 is made up of„; is comprised of; consist 必须从两方面考虑此问题this problem needs to be considered on two dimensions: 限制limit; restrict; refrain; restrain; keep within limits; confine; keep in check 一般人认为„ conventional wisdom suggests that„ 这方法有陷阱the method had pitfalls: 说服convince; persuade; cause to believe 具体的specific; concrete; tangible 刻意的intentional; on purpose; intended 费时间去了解„take time to acquaint oneself with„ „是此问题的核心 „is at the root of the issue 无法估计is beyond calculation; incalculable无资格的disqualified