大音希声 大象无形怀念我的恩师曾宪九教授

大音希声 大象无形怀念我的恩师曾宪九教授 facilitate decision implementation process step by step. Government offices at all levels in accordance with the notice on further strengthening the supervision work of the municipal government requires, and actively carry out supervision from the following aspects. One is to focus supervision on the implementation of the major decisions and arrangements of the municipal government, in leadership on the major issues of concern to implement, on the people reflect strongly on the hot and difficult problems to solve. Current, to tightly around implement implementation municipal, and Municipal Government proposed of "three a insisted two promote, five big storming six breakthrough" of guideline and General requirements, focus in foster four industry, and construction four base, and created four brand and farmers increase, and project construction, and enterprise reform, and city construction, and private economic, and building harmony social, aspects grasp supervision, makes we of supervision work and city of General thought tune, and and reform development of pulse synchronization. Second, supervision of the breakthrough in innovation, improved methods. Supervision of method, to by passive type to active type change, by everything to focus breakthrough change, by assault supervising to track supervising change, in full using sent letter supervision, and phone urged reported, and heard reported, basic method of while, more to used field check, and random checks, and 大音希声 大象无形 ——怀念我的恩师曾宪九教授 ICU 陈德昌教授 编者按:学科建设和人才培养始终是协和科学发展最重要的问题。今年，我院在发展建设进入一个崭新的阶段后，重新启动学科评估工作，旨在认清自我、思考出路。学科建设的灵魂是学科带头人，学科带头人无疑肩负着沉重的责任。那么怎样才能胜任协和医院的学科带头人，带领大家跋山涉水、独领风骚,在陈德昌教授的笔下，在他对已故外科老主任、现代基本外科学的创始人曾宪九教授的深情回忆中，我们可以领略到两位大家的风采，特别是在六十年代异乎艰难的岁月里，曾老这位医学泰斗每天的所思、所为。愿大家在阅读中有所获益。 “大音希声，大象无形”出自老子《道德经》，今有多种解释，通常指完美的境界。 digging out things, refine, eliminate, and strive to achieve dynamic information highlighting the timeliness, policy focus on targeted, experience information grasp typical problem emphasizes the tendency of information, freedom of information caught ... "Excellence", and accurate, short, does not speak empty words, cliches. "Fast", is the emphasis on timeliness. Who want government leaders to grasp the important information must be collected quickly reported. Especially urgent important information such as events, in strict accordance with the State Council concerning strengthening the emergency notice of significant reporting requirements, not only in the first period of submission to government events, also tracking developments closely, to submit measures, consequences, treatment and rehabilitation, and so on. Establish a strict responsibility system, of late, fail to hide critical situations, to be held accountable. City and County Government offices and Government departments, we should further perfect duty system, raise the level of response and the ability to respond to emergencies and. Third, to open channels of information. Role of key government information network main channel, building extends to all departments and units, vertical extension to the Township and community information networks, information staff, strengthening the work of information. Finished the basic tasks to be criticized. Did not submit information for a long time the County (district) and sectoral, this year we will take effective measuresfacilitate decision implementation process step by step. Government offices at all levels in accordance with the notice on further strengthening the supervision work of the municipal government requires, and actively carry out supervision from the following aspects. One is to focus supervision on the implementation of the major decisions and arrangements of the municipal government, in leadership on the major issues of concern to implement, on the people reflect strongly on the hot and difficult problems to solve. Current, to tightly around implement implementation municipal, and Municipal Government proposed of "three a insisted two promote, five big storming six breakthrough" of guideline and General requirements, focus in foster four industry, and construction four base, and created four brand and farmers increase, and project construction, and enterprise reform, and city construction, and private economic, and building harmony social, aspects grasp supervision, makes we of supervision work and city of General thought tune, and and reform development of pulse synchronization. Second, supervision of the breakthrough in innovation, improved methods. Supervision of method, to by passive type to active type change, by everything to focus breakthrough change, by assault supervising to track supervising change, in full using sent letter supervision, and phone urged reported, and heard reported, basic method of while, more to used field check, and random checks, and facilitate decision implementation process step by step. Government offices at all levels in accordance with the notice on further strengthening the supervision work of the municipal government requires, and actively carry out supervision from the following aspects. One is to focus supervision on the implementation of the major decisions and arrangements of the municipal government, in leadership on the major issues of concern to implement, on the people reflect strongly on the hot and difficult problems to solve. Current, to tightly around implement implementation municipal, and Municipal Government proposed of "three a insisted two promote, five big storming six breakthrough" of guideline and General requirements, focus in foster four industry, and construction four base, and created four brand and farmers increase, and project construction, and enterprise reform, and city construction, and private economic, and building harmony social, aspects grasp supervision, makes we of supervision work and city of General thought tune, and and reform development of pulse synchronization. Second, supervision of the breakthrough in innovation, improved methods. Supervision of method, to by passive type to active type change, by everything to focus breakthrough change, by assault supervising to track supervising change, in full using sent letter supervision, and phone urged reported, and heard reported, basic method of while, more to used field check, and random checks, and 那是在60年代后期的某一天，曾主任突然问我:“胃溃疡可以内科治疗，为什么还要外科大夫做手术,”我轻松作答“外科和内科治疗的适应征不同”。主任显然不在意这点。又问:“当初，外科大夫为什么想用手术 方法 快递客服问题件处理详细方法山木方法pdf计算方法pdf华与华方法下载八字理论方法下载 冶疗胃溃疡,”答曰:“外科大夫先把溃疡局部切除，复发了。之后发现胃底部产生大量胃酸，把胃底部切除，还是复发。发现幽门窦部很重要，也切了。”主任说:“所以，才有了今天的胃大部切除。”“还有迷走神经的问题”，他补充一句。那年，幽门螺旋杆菌的作用还未被充分关注。我颇不知趣地打插:“反正，外科总是把病人器官切掉这一块，切掉那一块，或者干脆全切了。”对于我轻率的言论，主任没有恼火，我私下窃喜。在上海工作期间，我喜欢读ZIMMERMANN的一本外科生理学。只读过两三个篇章，不求甚解，就记得这么一点点。 我不知道，主任对我这样知识肤浅、思维不严谨的年轻人会有什么看法。要知道，那段时期正在清理阶级队伍，根本不涉及晋升考核。我对主任毫无戒心。主任前一时期下乡务农，连户口都迁出北京。此时回到医院来了，不再去打扫厕所，但也不能进病房，不能上手术台，每天看门诊。我大概属于需要清理的对象。工作在急诊室，值夜班机会多。轮到需要自我批判，或者接受批判的日子，就回来看门诊。根据我的感觉，门诊有很多个半天，坐下来开会学习，或者批判。说来凑巧，主任和我，紧挨着坐在一排。交谈虽然不多，但比正常岁月，接触要多了许多。 有一天散会，在走廊上，主任忽然对我说:“你把外科看得太悲观了。”这像是接着上次的谈话。他递给我一本薄薄的单印本，题目忘了，DRAGSTED写的。书很旧，纸页发黄。回家读了一遍。内容就是主任提过的问题，写作是问答式的。提出一个问题，写出思考、推理与 分析 定性数据统计分析pdf销售业绩分析模板建筑结构震害分析销售进度分析表京东商城竞争战略分析 的过程，从现象到机制。不是单纯的描述，而是探索可能的解释。 1947年我进入原震旦大学医学院，无论上哲学课，或者有几位教授讲课，都考究推理和分折的逻辑性。受学生欢迎的老师总能把复杂的问题，说得简单，层次分明，条理清晰。法国人称之为“拉丁精神”，也就是笛卡儿哲学以及以逻辑为基础的方法论。DRAGSTED 不是法国人，科学家的哲学却有着共性。 那个岁月，泥菩萨过江，我没有想太多。某一天，我把书还给主任。他的话匣子便打开了:“外科大夫最早的老师是理发匠，只治皮肤表浅的毛病。后来，digging out things, refine, eliminate, and strive to achieve dynamic information highlighting the timeliness, policy focus on targeted, experience information grasp typical problem emphasizes the tendency of information, freedom of information caught ... "Excellence", and accurate, short, does not speak empty words, cliches. "Fast", is the emphasis on timeliness. Who want government leaders to grasp the important information must be collected quickly reported. Especially urgent important information such as events, in strict accordance with the State Council concerning strengthening the emergency notice of significant reporting requirements, not only in the first period of submission to government events, also tracking developments closely, to submit measures, consequences, treatment and rehabilitation, and so on. Establish a strict responsibility system, of late, fail to hide critical situations, to be held accountable. City and County Government offices and Government departments, we should further perfect duty system, raise the level of response and the ability to respond to emergencies and. Third, to open channels of information. Role of key government information network main channel, building extends to all departments and units, vertical extension to the Township and community information networks, information staff, strengthening the work of information. Finished the basic tasks to be criticized. Did not submit information for a long time the County (district) and sectoral, this year we will take effective measuresunannounced visits to survey and news exposure, more powerful of measures, reflected supervision work of seriousness, and just sex and authenticity. In supervision process in the, both understand the work of progress situation, and note summary units, and the sector in work practice in the created of success experience; both found work in the exists of problem, and find associate produced problem of reasons; both for grass-roots of specific problem, proposed solution of measures and approach, and station in global of height, for Government perfect decision, and guide work proposed macro views, constantly improve supervision work of level. Third, to put the focal point in the system of supervision on the construction. To implement the responsibility system, establish and improve the implementation of the target responsibility system for everyone to task, pressure and power, all your knowledge and wisdom, to find, to form a Government as the main body, inspection Chambers led sector, caught in all aspects of supervision work. To establish supervision authority. Government offices carry out inspection, was authorized by the Government, on behalf of the Government and responsible to the Government, is an important part of government supervision and Extension, has the right to check and coordinate the right, the right to inform the right to criticism, and advice. Departments at all levels should give support to ensure supervision work smoothly. To implementation report system, on main work progress situation to by quarter submitted; on assigned by facilitate decision implementation process step by step. Government offices at all levels in accordance with the notice on further strengthening the supervision work of the municipal government requires, and actively carry out supervision from the following aspects. One is to focus supervision on the implementation of the major decisions and arrangements of the municipal government, in leadership on the major issues of concern to implement, on the people reflect strongly on the hot and difficult problems to solve. Current, to tightly around implement implementation municipal, and Municipal Government proposed of "three a insisted two promote, five big storming six breakthrough" of guideline and General requirements, focus in foster four industry, and construction four base, and created four brand and farmers increase, and project construction, and enterprise reform, and city construction, and private economic, and building harmony social, aspects grasp supervision, makes we of supervision work and city of General thought tune, and and reform development of pulse synchronization. Second, supervision of the breakthrough in innovation, improved methods. Supervision of method, to by passive type to active type change, by everything to focus breakthrough change, by assault supervising to track supervising change, in full using sent letter supervision, and phone urged reported, and heard reported, basic method of while, more to used field check, and random checks, and 外科大夫给病人拔牙，锯大腿，不上麻醉。打开肚子，就不那么简单了，要肌肉放松，更要求无菌操作。打开胸，就更难了，会发生纵膈搏动、肺塌陷等问题。气管内插管，要想从气管把气送进肺里去，就琢磨了好长一阵子。休克是什么,是外来语的译音，是毒血症。毒是什么,打仗了，才知道先要补充血容量。外科大手术适应征扩大了。”主任若有所思，断断续续地说着。从门诊出来，经过走廊，主任要回外科学系办公室去。他停顿了一下说:“外科发展，靠生理学和病理生理学。外科大夫不是理发匠。”我相信，主任这段话，搬到今天医大课堂上去讲，需要讲半天。那个时候，就这么一段时间。我记住了。当然，得天独厚，我是唯一的听众。 又有一天，主任突然问我:“现在，外科发展的里程碑是什么,”我愣住了。几年来，忙于写交代、批判自己、批判别人、写大字报„„不读书，何以奉告,主任似乎没有期待我的答复，轻声地说:“静脉营养。”但这句话触动了我:主任早已靠边，够倒霉的了，竟在思考当今外科发展的里程碑是什么。 又过了一段时间，我感到清理阶级队伍的工作似乎接近尾声。主任和我谈话开始比较放松。谈到当年为什么要建立外科代谢实验室。他不是寻找理由，为自己遭到批判而辩护。我发现他想得更远。解放后，国内拥有这等规模、这等水平的外科谢实验室，很可能只此一家。上世纪五十年代，我有机会陪同比利时医学代表团，来到北京协和医院。外宾见到曾主任的外科实验室，深感意外:“他们想做而没有做到。”六十年代“社教运动”开始，权贵者发难，要解决13亿人的温饱问题，研究外科代谢是奢侈。外科实验被迫叫停。到了“文革”，与人斗，其乐无穷。实验室成了外科批斗的会场。但是，曾主任没有停止思索:“当今外科发展的里程碑是什么,”这实在令我费解。 还是在门诊，开会间隙，他多次提醒我学习基础理论的重要性。没有系统的讲解，只是吹风式的谈话。水与电解质平衡，每个病人，每天治疗中，都会有问题。临床医师也可能似懂非懂。他说 :“F.MOORE (美国著名外科学家)能够把应对外科水与电解质紊乱问题，归纳成“十条建议”，条文简明，容易读懂，有矩可循，行之有效。这是一种学习方法，也是一种教学方法。”曾主任徐徐说来，似乎不太经意。但言简意赅，点中要害。 digging out things, refine, eliminate, and strive to achieve dynamic information highlighting the timeliness, policy focus on targeted, experience information grasp typical problem emphasizes the tendency of information, freedom of information caught ... "Excellence", and accurate, short, does not speak empty words, cliches. "Fast", is the emphasis on timeliness. Who want government leaders to grasp the important information must be collected quickly reported. Especially urgent important information such as events, in strict accordance with the State Council concerning strengthening the emergency notice of significant reporting requirements, not only in the first period of submission to government events, also tracking developments closely, to submit measures, consequences, treatment and rehabilitation, and so on. Establish a strict responsibility system, of late, fail to hide critical situations, to be held accountable. City and County Government offices and Government departments, we should further perfect duty system, raise the level of response and the ability to respond to emergencies and. Third, to open channels of information. Role of key government information network main channel, building extends to all departments and units, vertical extension to the Township and community information networks, information staff, strengthening the work of information. Finished the basic tasks to be criticized. Did not submit information for a long time the County (district) and sectoral, this year we will take effective measuresfacilitate decision implementation process step by step. Government offices at all levels in accordance with the notice on further strengthening the supervision work of the municipal government requires, and actively carry out supervision from the following aspects. One is to focus supervision on the implementation of the major decisions and arrangements of the municipal government, in leadership on the major issues of concern to implement, on the people reflect strongly on the hot and difficult problems to solve. Current, to tightly around implement implementation municipal, and Municipal Government proposed of "three a insisted two promote, five big storming six breakthrough" of guideline and General requirements, focus in foster four industry, and construction four base, and created four brand and farmers increase, and project construction, and enterprise reform, and city construction, and private economic, and building harmony social, aspects grasp supervision, makes we of supervision work and city of General thought tune, and and reform development of pulse synchronization. Second, supervision of the breakthrough in innovation, improved methods. Supervision of method, to by passive type to active type change, by everything to focus breakthrough change, by assault supervising to track supervising change, in full using sent letter supervision, and phone urged reported, and heard reported, basic method of while, more to used field check, and random checks, and facilitate decision implementation process step by step. Government offices at all levels in accordance with the notice on further strengthening the supervision work of the municipal government requires, and actively carry out supervision from the following aspects. One is to focus supervision on the implementation of the major decisions and arrangements of the municipal government, in leadership on the major issues of concern to implement, on the people reflect strongly on the hot and difficult problems to solve. Current, to tightly around implement implementation municipal, and Municipal Government proposed of "three a insisted two promote, five big storming six breakthrough" of guideline and General requirements, focus in foster four industry, and construction four base, and created four brand and farmers increase, and project construction, and enterprise reform, and city construction, and private economic, and building harmony social, aspects grasp supervision, makes we of supervision work and city of General thought tune, and and reform development of pulse synchronization. Second, supervision of the breakthrough in innovation, improved methods. Supervision of method, to by passive type to active type change, by everything to focus breakthrough change, by assault supervising to track supervising change, in full using sent letter supervision, and phone urged reported, and heard reported, basic method of while, more to used field check, and random checks, and 文革风暴横扫竖扫之际，我何尝想到，在外科门诊那条长廊上(开会的地方)，能有幸聆听曾宪九教授的教导，何况是面对面。塞翁失马，焉知非福。生活就是这么奇妙。在那峥嵘岁月和狂热的喧嚣中，主任甘心失落，却在冷静中反思，执着地筹划明天的构想。他的知识、远见、勇气和智慧，令我肃然起敬。 恶梦终于过去。邓小平复出。三中全会后，主任特别高兴。有次会议上，他说:“这是解放以来搞科研最好的时候。”外科代谢实验室恢复生机。主任重新回到阔别多年的外科病房，重新出现在追随他多年的弟子群体中。他常在中午做完手术后从老楼四层手术室下来，跨过一片广场，直上医大教学楼五层，看我做动物实验，或者兴冲冲地穿上手术衣，载上手套，和我一起干。此时，主任年愈古稀，还没有吃午饭。但他好像什么都忘了，忘了文革中对他不公平的待遇，忘了诸多恩恩怨怨，在他自己的精神世界里“上下求索”。 曾宪九教授十分重视外科基础理论的研究。“没有外科基础研究，就不会有临床外带根本性的改革，而外科的实验研究又是基础医学和外科临床医学的桥粱。”这是他的信念，并为之奋斗终身。 改革开放，拨乱反正。受批判的学术思想、被压抑的构思、才华与潜能，从这位学科带头人的头脑中释放了出来。1978年主任亲自领衔，在原有基础上，重新组建由多学科参加的研究组,主攻胰腺疾病的课题。蒋朱明继续主持外科营养代谢的研究工作。汪忠镐和管珩被派往美国，进修血管外科，以组建血管外科专业组。盛洪淼被派往德国攻读外科感染，以筹建外科感染实验室。陈德昌被派往法国，进修危重病医学专业，回院后建立ICU。还有其他课题等等。基本外科发展蓝图，初见端倪。 2002年，危重病医学和营养代谢两项课题，均获国家科技进步二等奖。改革开放政策的实施，曾主任的真知灼见和深谋远虑，外科团队的齐心协力，终于迎来明朗的春天。不幸，体检发现主任罹患肺癌。开胸手术见淋巴结转移。1985年，曾宪九教授离开了我们，享年71岁。 回溯往事，不胜感慨。1964年，我奉调到卫生部工作，赶京报到。风云多变，卫生部某项援外 计划 项目进度计划表范例计划下载计划下载计划下载课程教学计划下载 宣告取消。我从此转入北京协和医院基本外科，有幸师从曾宪九教授。这是我一生中莫大的机遇。我不是协和医学院毕业生，按通俗的说法，并非嫡系子弟，何况中途插班，中下天赋。曾主任并没有因此嫌弃我。当digging out things, refine, eliminate, and strive to achieve dynamic information highlighting the timeliness, policy focus on targeted, experience information grasp typical problem emphasizes the tendency of information, freedom of information caught ... "Excellence", and accurate, short, does not speak empty words, cliches. "Fast", is the emphasis on timeliness. Who want government leaders to grasp the important information must be collected quickly reported. Especially urgent important information such as events, in strict accordance with the State Council concerning strengthening the emergency notice of significant reporting requirements, not only in the first period of submission to government events, also tracking developments closely, to submit measures, consequences, treatment and rehabilitation, and so on. Establish a strict responsibility system, of late, fail to hide critical situations, to be held accountable. City and County Government offices and Government departments, we should further perfect duty system, raise the level of response and the ability to respond to emergencies and. Third, to open channels of information. Role of key government information network main channel, building extends to all departments and units, vertical extension to the Township and community information networks, information staff, strengthening the work of information. Finished the basic tasks to be criticized. Did not submit information for a long time the County (district) and sectoral, this year we will take effective measuresunannounced visits to survey and news exposure, more powerful of measures, reflected supervision work of seriousness, and just sex and authenticity. In supervision process in the, both understand the work of progress situation, and note summary units, and the sector in work practice in the created of success experience; both found work in the exists of problem, and find associate produced problem of reasons; both for grass-roots of specific problem, proposed solution of measures and approach, and station in global of height, for Government perfect decision, and guide work proposed macro views, constantly improve supervision work of level. Third, to put the focal point in the system of supervision on the construction. To implement the responsibility system, establish and improve the implementation of the target responsibility system for everyone to task, pressure and power, all your knowledge and wisdom, to find, to form a Government as the main body, inspection Chambers led sector, caught in all aspects of supervision work. To establish supervision authority. Government offices carry out inspection, was authorized by the Government, on behalf of the Government and responsible to the Government, is an important part of government supervision and Extension, has the right to check and coordinate the right, the right to inform the right to criticism, and advice. Departments at all levels should give support to ensure supervision work smoothly. To implementation report system, on main work progress situation to by quarter submitted; on assigned by facilitate decision implementation process step by step. Government offices at all levels in accordance with the notice on further strengthening the supervision work of the municipal government requires, and actively carry out supervision from the following aspects. One is to focus supervision on the implementation of the major decisions and arrangements of the municipal government, in leadership on the major issues of concern to implement, on the people reflect strongly on the hot and difficult problems to solve. Current, to tightly around implement implementation municipal, and Municipal Government proposed of "three a insisted two promote, five big storming six breakthrough" of guideline and General requirements, focus in foster four industry, and construction four base, and created four brand and farmers increase, and project construction, and enterprise reform, and city construction, and private economic, and building harmony social, aspects grasp supervision, makes we of supervision work and city of General thought tune, and and reform development of pulse synchronization. Second, supervision of the breakthrough in innovation, improved methods. Supervision of method, to by passive type to active type change, by everything to focus breakthrough change, by assault supervising to track supervising change, in full using sent letter supervision, and phone urged reported, and heard reported, basic method of while, more to used field check, and random checks, and 年我的缺点显而易见，主任却能发现我的优势所在，真是他独具慧眼之处。既使 身遭厄运，他始终以执着的理想，影响着后来之辈，鼓励我逆境中求奋进。曾主 任改变了我的后半辈子，我应该有感恩之心。 曾宪九教授没有留下豪言壮语，可供编篡诲人语录。他留下的照片亦不多。 “大音希声，大象无形”，这是他一生为人的最好写照。按我的理解，这就是“协 和精神”。 digging out things, refine, eliminate, and strive to achieve dynamic information highlighting the timeliness, policy focus on targeted, experience information grasp typical problem emphasizes the tendency of information, freedom of information caught ... "Excellence", and accurate, short, does not speak empty words, cliches. "Fast", is the emphasis on timeliness. Who want government leaders to grasp the important information must be collected quickly reported. Especially urgent important information such as events, in strict accordance with the State Council concerning strengthening the emergency notice of significant reporting requirements, not only in the first period of submission to government events, also tracking developments closely, to submit measures, consequences, treatment and rehabilitation, and so on. Establish a strict responsibility system, of late, fail to hide critical situations, to be held accountable. City and County Government offices and Government departments, we should further perfect duty system, raise the level of response and the ability to respond to emergencies and. Third, to open channels of information. Role of key government information network main channel, building extends to all departments and units, vertical extension to the Township and community information networks, information staff, strengthening the work of information. Finished the basic tasks to be criticized. Did not submit information for a long time the County (district) and sectoral, this year we will take effective measuresfacilitate decision implementation process step by step. Government offices at all levels in accordance with the notice on further strengthening the supervision work of the municipal government requires, and actively carry out supervision from the following aspects. One is to focus supervision on the implementation of the major decisions and arrangements of the municipal government, in leadership on the major issues of concern to implement, on the people reflect strongly on the hot and difficult problems to solve. Current, to tightly around implement implementation municipal, and Municipal Government proposed of "three a insisted two promote, five big storming six breakthrough" of guideline and General requirements, focus in foster four industry, and construction four base, and created four brand and farmers increase, and project construction, and enterprise reform, and city construction, and private economic, and building harmony social, aspects grasp supervision, makes we of supervision work and city of General thought tune, and and reform development of pulse synchronization. Second, supervision of the breakthrough in innovation, improved methods. Supervision of method, to by passive type to active type change, by everything to focus breakthrough change, by assault supervising to track supervising change, in full using sent letter supervision, and phone urged reported, and heard reported, basic method of while, more to used field check, and random checks, and