新消防法和规范学习

新消防法和规范学习 2010年9月 新消防法相关条文 新修订的《中华人民共和国消防法》于2009年5月1日实施 第二章第九条 建设 工程 路基工程安全技术交底工程项目施工成本控制工程量增项单年度零星工程技术标正投影法基本原理 的消防设计、施工必须符合国家工程建设消防技术标准。建设、设计、施工、工程监理等单位依法对建设工程的消防设计、施工质量负责。 第十条 按照国家工程建设消防技术标准需要进行消防设计的建设工程，除本法第十一条另有规定的外，建设单位应当自依法取得施工许可之日起七个工作日内，将消防设计文件报公安机关消防机构备案，公安机关消防机构应当进行抽查。 第十一条 国务院公安部门规定的大型的人员密集场所和其他特殊建设工程，建设单位应当将消防设计文件报送公安机关消防机构审核。公安机关消防机构依法对审核的结果负责。 第十二条 依法应当经公安机关消防机构进行消防设计审核的建设工程，未经依法审核或者审核不合格的，负责审批该工程施工许可的部门不得给予施工许可，建设单位、施工单位不得施工;其他建设工程取得施工许可后经依法抽查不合格的，应当停止施工。 第十三条 按照国家工程建设消防技术标准需要进行消防设计的建设工程竣工，依照下列规定进行消防验收、备案:(一)本法第十一条规定的建设工程，建设单位应当向公安机关消防机构申请消防验收;(二)其他建设工程，建设单位在验收后应当报公安机关消防机构备案，公安机关消防机构应当进行抽查。依法应当进行消防验收的建设工程，未经消防验收或者消防验收不合格的，禁止投入使用;其他建设工程经依法抽查不合格的，应当停止使用。 第五十九条 违反本法规定，有下列行为之一的，责令改正或者停止施工，并处一万元以上十万元以下罚款:(二)建筑设计单位不按照消防技术标准强制性要求进行消防设计的; 第七章 附 则 (三)公众聚集场所，是指宾馆、饭店、商场、集贸市场、客运车站候车室、客运码头候船厅、民用机场航站楼、体育场馆、会堂以及公共娱乐场所等。 (四)人员密集场所，是指公众聚集场所，医院的门诊楼、病房楼，学校的教学楼、图书馆、食堂和集体宿舍，养老院，福利院，托儿所，幼儿园，公共图书馆的阅览室，公共展览馆、博物馆的展示厅，劳动密集型企业的生产加工车间和员工集体宿舍，旅游、宗教活动场所等。 《高规》和《建规》相关问题 一.消防扑救、登高和消防车道 1.《建规》第六章和《高规》第4.3节和第4.1.7条均涉及到消防车道和消防扑救面及扑救场地的规定。高层建筑的底边至少有一个长边或周边长度的1/4且不小于一个长边长度的距离作为消防扑救面，多层建筑也参照这个规定。 2.对于建筑:消防扑救面一侧的外墙上应设置便于救援的开口，如在每层设置可开启外窗或阳台，其间隔不大于15米，外窗净尺寸不小于0.8X1.0米，窗口下沿距室内地面不宜大于1.2米。在这个扑救面应有直通室外的楼梯或直通楼梯间的入口。 3.对于消防救援场地的要求:消防扑救面一侧的车道距离建筑物的外墙不宜小于5米，且不应大于15米，登高车操作场地面积不应小于15X8米(长X宽)。当确有困难时，可在此范围内确定一块或若干块登高车操作场地，且两块场地的边缘间距不宜超过40米。扑救作业场地坡度不宜大于3%。 4.消防车道:坡度不应大于8%，其转弯处应满足消防车转弯半径的要求。 recovery and treatment in a timely manner. At the time of construction, should be taken to prevent dust and mud spill leak, measures such as the sewage outflow, vehicles stained with dirt, construction waste someone to clean up, to avoid polluting the environment 3.2 night arrangements of noise emitted by construction equipment, mixer noise emitted by machinery and equipment next to foam for noise control to prevent noise pollution of the surrounding environment. 3.3 construction managers and construction personnel, special operations personnel listing jobs, site operators, leaders, managers, operators, wearing a helmet is divided into red, blue and yellow species. 3.4 site construction and company's comprehensive evaluation, check scores published examination results issued on a regular basis. 4, construction site environmental protection measures in order to protect and improve the living environment and the ecological environment, prevent construction and operation of pollution and nuisance, safeguard the health of residents and workers near the construction area, promoting the development of Socialist construction, environmental protection must be the construction site. 4.1 daily by the Deputy Project Manager, construction, safety officer for the afternoon the second comprehensive self test, where a violation of the provisions of the environment protection in construction site must be promptly identified and corrective action, made by construction workers on the day of the construction of the log on post records. 4.2 monthly by the Department of projects 消防车辆分轻、中、重系列三种，最小转弯半径见表: 表1 不同类型消防车转弯最外侧的控制半径(m) 车辆最小转弯半径 ?7.0 ?8.5 ?12.0 外侧最小转弯半径 8.5 11.5 14.5 二.总平面布置上的若干问题 1.如何理解《高规》4.3.1条与《住宅建筑规范》9.8.1条,在实际工程中执行哪个, 答:设一个车道在有条件的情况下是可行的，如一梯两户或楼梯出口面向车道一面。如果楼梯出口背向车道一面并且一梯多户，消防车难以扑救背向车道一面的住户。这时，应该执行《高规》。住宅不同于公共建筑，每户是独立的一套，不能从另一户的家里闯进去救着火的 那一户，也即每一户都能得到消防救援。 noon the second comprehensive self test, where a violation of the provisions of the environment protection in construction siprotection must be the construction site. 4.1 daily by the Deputy Project Manager, construction, safety officer for the afterental the health of residents and workers near the construction area, promoting the development of Socialist construction, environme living environment and the ecological environment, prevent construction and operation of pollution and nuisance, safeguard ove thnation results issued on a regular basis. 4, construction site environmental protection measures in order to protect and imprinto red, blue and yellow species. 3.4 site construction and company's comprehensive evaluation, check scores published examivided on personnel, special operations personnel listing jobs, site operators, leaders, managers, operators, wearing a helmet is dito foam for noise control to prevent noise pollution of the surrounding environment. 3.3 construction managers and constructinext environment 3.2 night arrangements of noise emitted by construction equipment, mixer noise emitted by machinery and equipmentsures such as the sewage outflow, vehicles stained with dirt, construction waste someone to clean up, to avoid polluting the earecovery and treatment in a timely manner. At the time of construction, should be taken to prevent dust and mud spill leak, mt records. 4.2 monthly by the Department of projectst be promptly identified and corrective action, made by construction workers on the day of the construction of the log on poste mus2 2.一层平面安全出口通向内庭院是否理解为安全疏散, 答:内庭院短边长度超过24米即可，内庭院应有通往建筑外的通道，通道应为安全通道。 这种安全疏散为亚安全区域，暂时性的，最终还是应通到建筑外面去，通道不能存在非安全因素，比如通道上面应有挑檐，防止高空坠物。 3.住宅的消防间距是否要从阳台算起, 答:是。防火间距应按相邻建筑外墙的最近距离计算。 4.总图设计是否需要明确建筑的消防扑救登高面, 答:最好这样，便于审图和避免其它工种设置妨碍扑救登高的设施，如绿化种植设计。 武汉市消防局对于消防登高面规定:《高规》第4.1.7条，消防登高面对范围内必须有直通室外的楼梯或直通楼梯间的出口，此出口所接道路必须宽6米，路边距建筑外墙距离5,10米。沿登高面一侧执行宽度不超过4米、高度不超过5米的裙房规定。近年来发生多起建筑保温材料火灾，如央视配楼火灾。 ion workers on the day of the construction of the log on post records. 4.2 monthly by the Department of projectssions of the environment protection in construction site must be promptly identified and corrective action, made by constructproviProject Manager, construction, safety officer for the afternoon the second comprehensive self test, where a violation of the ng the development of Socialist construction, environmental protection must be the construction site. 4.1 daily by the Deputyromotitruction and operation of pollution and nuisance, safeguard the health of residents and workers near the construction area, pental protection measures in order to protect and improve the living environment and the ecological environment, prevent consvironmany's comprehensive evaluation, check scores published examination results issued on a regular basis. 4, construction site en, leaders, managers, operators, wearing a helmet is divided into red, blue and yellow species. 3.4 site construction and compratorsunding environment. 3.3 construction managers and construction personnel, special operations personnel listing jobs, site opeipment, mixer noise emitted by machinery and equipment next to foam for noise control to prevent noise pollution of the surroon equstruction waste someone to clean up, to avoid polluting the environment 3.2 night arrangements of noise emitted by constructiion, should be taken to prevent dust and mud spill leak, measures such as the sewage outflow, vehicles stained with dirt, conrecovery and treatment in a timely manner. At the time of construct3 三.《民用建筑外保温系统及外墙装饰防火暂行规定》公通字【2009】46号 公安部和住房城乡建设部于2009年9月25日发布这个规定并执行，待相关标准规范制修订后，按发布的标准规范的有关规定执行。 第一章一般规定 第一条本暂行规定适用于民用建筑外保温系统及外墙装饰的防火设计、施工及使用。 第二条民用建筑外保温材料的燃烧性能宜为A级，且不应低于B2级。 第三条民用建筑外保温系统及外墙装饰防火设计、施工及使用，除执行本暂行规定外，还应符合国家现行标准规范的有关规定。 第二章 墙体: 第四条非幕墙式建筑应符合下列规定: (一)住宅建筑应符合下列规定: 1、高度大于等于100m的建筑，其保温材料的燃烧性能应为A级。 2、高度大于等于60m小于100m的建筑，其保温材料的燃烧性能不应低于B2级。当采用B2级保温材料时，每层应设置水平防火隔离带。 3、高度大于等于24m小于60m的建筑，其保温材料的燃烧性能不应低于B2级。当采用B2级保温材料时，每两层应设置水平防火隔离带。 4、高度小于24m的建筑，其保温材料的燃烧性能不应低于B2级。其中，当采用B2级保温材料时，每三层应设置水平防火隔离带。 (二)其他民用建筑应符合下列规定: 1、高度大于等于50m的建筑，其保温材料的燃烧性能应为A级。 2、高度大于等于24m小于50m的建筑，其保温材料的燃烧性能应为A级或B1级。其中，当采用B1级保温材料时，每两层应设置水平防火隔离带。 3、高度小于24m的建筑，其保温材料的燃烧性能不应低于B2级。其中，当采用B2级保温材料时，每层应设置水平防火隔离带。 (三)外保温系统应采用不燃或难燃材料作防护层。防护层应将保温材料完全覆盖。首层的防护层厚度不应小于6mm，其他层不应小于3mm。 (四)采用外墙外保温系统的建筑，其基层墙体耐火极限应符合现行防火规范的有关规定。 第五条幕墙式建筑应符合下列规定: (一)建筑高度大于等于24m时，保温材料的燃烧性能应为A级。 (二)建筑高度小于24m时，保温材料的燃烧性能应为A级或B1级。其中，当采用B1级保温材料时，每层应设置水平防火隔离带。 (三)保温材料应采用不燃材料作防护层。防护层应将保温材料完全覆盖。防护层厚度不应小于3mm。 (四)采用金属、石材等非透明幕墙结构的建筑，应设置基层墙体，其耐火极限应符合现行防火规范关于外墙耐火极限的有关规定;玻璃幕墙的窗间墙、窗槛墙、裙墙的耐火极限和防火构造应符合现行防火规范关于建筑幕墙的有关规定。 (五)基层墙体内部空腔及建筑幕墙与基层墙体、窗间墙、窗槛墙及裙墙之间的空间，应在 t records. 4.2 monthly by the Department of projectst be promptly identified and corrective action, made by construction workers on the day of the construction of the log on poste musnoon the second comprehensive self test, where a violation of the provisions of the environment protection in construction siprotection must be the construction site. 4.1 daily by the Deputy Project Manager, construction, safety officer for the afterental the health of residents and workers near the construction area, promoting the development of Socialist construction, environme living environment and the ecological environment, prevent construction and operation of pollution and nuisance, safeguard ove thnation results issued on a regular basis. 4, construction site environmental protection measures in order to protect and imprinto red, blue and yellow species. 3.4 site construction and company's comprehensive evaluation, check scores published examivided on personnel, special operations personnel listing jobs, site operators, leaders, managers, operators, wearing a helmet is dito foam for noise control to prevent noise pollution of the surrounding environment. 3.3 construction managers and constructinext environment 3.2 night arrangements of noise emitted by construction equipment, mixer noise emitted by machinery and equipmentsures such as the sewage outflow, vehicles stained with dirt, construction waste someone to clean up, to avoid polluting the earecovery and treatment in a timely manner. At the time of construction, should be taken to prevent dust and mud spill leak, m4 每层楼板处采用防火封堵材料封堵。 第六条按本规定需要设置防火隔离带时，应沿楼板位置设置宽度不小于300mm的A级保温材料。防火隔离带与墙面应进行全面积粘贴。 第七条建筑外墙的装饰层，除采用涂料外，应采用不燃材料。当建筑外墙采用可燃保温材料时，不宜采用着火后易脱落的瓷砖等材料。 第三章 屋 顶 第八条对于屋顶基层采用耐火极限不小于1.00h的不燃烧体的建筑，其屋顶的保温材料不应低于B2级;其他情况，保温材料的燃烧性能不应低于B1级。 第九条屋顶与外墙交界处、屋顶开口部位四周的保温层，应采用宽度不小于500mm的A级保温材料设置水平防火隔离带。 第十条屋顶防水层或可燃保温层应采用不燃材料进行覆盖。 第四章金属夹芯复合板材 第十一条用于临时性居住建筑的金属夹芯复合板材，其芯材应采用不燃或难燃保温材料。 备注: 1.保温材料的燃烧性能等级可以参照中南标图集10ZJ106第5页附表二。其中胶粉聚苯颗粒保温浆料是B1级，绝热模塑聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料板和硬质聚氨酯塑料(喷涂或板)是B2级。) 2.防火隔离带:目前市场上的防火隔离带包括:酚醛泡沫、岩棉、发泡水泥、泡沫混凝土等A级防火材料制作。 ?酚醛泡沫防火隔离带 酚醛珠粒经加热预发泡后，在模具中加热成型而制得的具有闭孔结构的,使用温度不超过120?酚醛泡沫塑料板材。具有防火阻燃性能好，遇火难燃;不收缩、不变形、不滴落、无烟雾、无毒的特点。规格有300x800(70,100)mm，其导热系数约为0.025W/(m?k)。 ?发泡水泥(泡沫混凝土)防火隔离带 是通过发泡机的发泡系统将发泡剂用机械方式充分发泡，并将泡沫与水泥浆均匀混合，然后经过发泡机的泵送系统进行现浇施工或模具成型，经自然养护所形成的一种含有大量封闭气孔的新型轻质保温材料。 由于原材料全是水泥所以也可以用做防火隔离带。 ?外墙外保温系统发泡陶瓷保温板防火隔离带:由无机多孔陶瓷材料在工厂制成的热传导率低、耐高温、耐候、耐老化、不燃的保温板材，燃烧性能等级为A级。 3.今年8月新发行国家标准图集《外墙外保温建筑构造》10J121，有关于防火隔离带的做法。 4.《建筑材料及制品燃烧性能分级》GB8624-2006 这个国家标准是2007年3月1日实施。根据公安部消防局于2007-5-21日发布通知(公消【2007】182号)，GB8624-2006与GB8624-1997及相关规范分级对应为: GB8624-2006 GB8624-1997及相关规范 A级 B1级 B2级 四.防火分区 ion workers on the day of the construction of the log on post records. 4.2 monthly by the Department of projectssions of the environment protection in construction site must be promptly identified and corrective action, made by constructproviProject Manager, construction, safety officer for the afternoon the second comprehensive self test, where a violation of the ng the development of Socialist construction, environmental protection must be the construction site. 4.1 daily by the Deputyromotitruction and operation of pollution and nuisance, safeguard the health of residents and workers near the construction area, pental protection measures in order to protect and improve the living environment and the ecological environment, prevent consvironmany's comprehensive evaluation, check scores published examination results issued on a regular basis. 4, construction site en, leaders, managers, operators, wearing a helmet is divided into red, blue and yellow species. 3.4 site construction and compratorsunding environment. 3.3 construction managers and construction personnel, special operations personnel listing jobs, site opeipment, mixer noise emitted by machinery and equipment next to foam for noise control to prevent noise pollution of the surroon equstruction waste someone to clean up, to avoid polluting the environment 3.2 night arrangements of noise emitted by constructiion, should be taken to prevent dust and mud spill leak, measures such as the sewage outflow, vehicles stained with dirt, conrecovery and treatment in a timely manner. At the time of construct5 1.在设置防火墙确有困难的场所，可采用防火卷帘作防火分区分隔，是否整个防火墙都可以用防火卷帘进行分隔, 答:设置防火墙确有困难的部位，设置的防火卷帘不宜超过防火墙长度的30%。 目前我国生产的防火卷帘的质量不可靠，所以不能按整个都设防火卷帘来考虑。比如，商场可以利用货架背后的墙体来做防火墙。 2.门窗等与楼梯间门窗边缘的距离多少比较合适, 答:门、窗等与楼梯间门、窗最近边缘的距离不应小于1米。楼梯间是人员安全疏散的重要通道，不应因为相邻区域发生火灾而受到影响，包括通过孔洞、门窗等途径传播火焰和烟气。 3.中庭的防火分区处理，下面三种方法规范都允许。 1)防火分区上下叠加，面积不超过一个防火分区。 2)采用特级防火卷帘门将中庭部分封堵，防火分区上下不叠加(封堵后不影响疏散交通)。 3)与中庭相连的通道、房间均采用乙级防火门，设置相应的水、电、风消防设施，上下面积叠加可超过一个防火分区。 五.安全疏散 1.《高规》第6.1.1.2条，若两个单元住宅总高有高差，通过室外楼梯将不同标高的屋面连通是否可行, 答:高差在一层或4米内可行，但竖向爬梯不行。 2.《高规》:两个安全出口的理解: 高层住宅核心筒设置剪刀梯，其前室怎么设置, ?正确的设计是: 这个核心筒平面目前已经不能通过武汉市消防局的审核。 t records. 4.2 monthly by the Department of projectst be promptly identified and corrective action, made by construction workers on the day of the construction of the log on poste musnoon the second comprehensive self test, where a violation of the provisions of the environment protection in construction siprotection must be the construction site. 4.1 daily by the Deputy Project Manager, construction, safety officer for the afterental the health of residents and workers near the construction area, promoting the development of Socialist construction, environme living environment and the ecological environment, prevent construction and operation of pollution and nuisance, safeguard ove thnation results issued on a regular basis. 4, construction site environmental protection measures in order to protect and imprinto red, blue and yellow species. 3.4 site construction and company's comprehensive evaluation, check scores published examivided on personnel, special operations personnel listing jobs, site operators, leaders, managers, operators, wearing a helmet is dito foam for noise control to prevent noise pollution of the surrounding environment. 3.3 construction managers and constructinext environment 3.2 night arrangements of noise emitted by construction equipment, mixer noise emitted by machinery and equipmentsures such as the sewage outflow, vehicles stained with dirt, construction waste someone to clean up, to avoid polluting the earecovery and treatment in a timely manner. At the time of construction, should be taken to prevent dust and mud spill leak, m6 ?塔式住宅确实有困难只能设置一个前室，与消防电梯合用时其前室建筑面积不小于12平方米、短边尺寸不小于2.4米。这样人员疏散和消防队员扑救不冲突，有足够面积使用。这是即将要修改的《高规》内容，如果这样做，必须征得当地消防局的书面认可。(目前，武汉市消防局不认可这种做法) ?如下图不符合规范要求:即穿越一个前室进入另一个前室方可进入疏散楼梯间。 proviProject Manager, construction, safety officer for the afternoon the second comprehensive self test, where a violation of the ng the development of Socialist construction, environmental protection must be the construction site. 4.1 daily by the Deputyromotitruction and operation of pollution and nuisance, safeguard the health of residents and workers near the construction area, pental protection measures in order to protect and improve the living environment and the ecological environment, prevent consvironmany's comprehensive evaluation, check scores published examination results issued on a regular basis. 4, construction site en, leaders, managers, operators, wearing a helmet is divided into red, blue and yellow species. 3.4 site construction and compratorsunding environment. 3.3 construction managers and construction personnel, special operations personnel listing jobs, site opeipment, mixer noise emitted by machinery and equipment next to foam for noise control to prevent noise pollution of the surroon equstruction waste someone to clean up, to avoid polluting the environment 3.2 night arrangements of noise emitted by constructiion, should be taken to prevent dust and mud spill leak, measures such as the sewage outflow, vehicles stained with dirt, conrecovery and treatment in a timely manner. At the time of construction workers on the day of the construction of the log on post records. 4.2 monthly by the Department of projectssions of the environment protection in construction site must be promptly identified and corrective action, made by construct7 ?消防电梯和剪刀楼梯共用一个前室，不符合规范要求。 t records. 4.2 monthly by the Department of projectst be promptly identified and corrective action, made by construction workers on the day of the construction of the log on poste musnoon the second comprehensive self test, where a violation of the provisions of the environment protection in construction siprotection must be the construction site. 4.1 daily by the Deputy Project Manager, construction, safety officer for the afterental the health of residents and workers near the construction area, promoting the development of Socialist construction, environme living environment and the ecological environment, prevent construction and operation of pollution and nuisance, safeguard ove thnation results issued on a regular basis. 4, construction site environmental protection measures in order to protect and imprinto red, blue and yellow species. 3.4 site construction and company's comprehensive evaluation, check scores published examivided on personnel, special operations personnel listing jobs, site operators, leaders, managers, operators, wearing a helmet is dito foam for noise control to prevent noise pollution of the surrounding environment. 3.3 construction managers and constructinext environment 3.2 night arrangements of noise emitted by construction equipment, mixer noise emitted by machinery and equipmentsures such as the sewage outflow, vehicles stained with dirt, construction waste someone to clean up, to avoid polluting the earecovery and treatment in a timely manner. At the time of construction, should be taken to prevent dust and mud spill leak, m8 3.《高规》第6.1.1.2条，户与户之间窗间墙宽度为1.2米，单元间窗间墙宽度为2米，实际设计难以满足(如以卫生间相邻拼接的情况)。 答:这条是说单元与单元之间为防火墙，防火墙两侧距离为2米。所以要求单元间的窗间墙宽度为2米。可以做固定的防火窗，可以满足采光，采用排气道排气即可。 ?4.《高规》高层建筑下部数层为商业餐饮等公用建筑，其裙房根据规范可仅设封闭楼梯间，但其高层主体投影下部空间的楼梯间应为防烟楼梯还是封闭楼梯, 答:应是防烟楼梯。如果楼梯间靠外墙，有条件对外开窗时可作封闭楼梯。 ?5.防烟楼梯间的前室与普通电梯的候梯厅是否能合用,但实际工程设计都如此，怎么对待, 答:从概念上理解通常不能，因为电梯井道是个大抽风井，防烟楼梯间前室只能与消防电梯前室合用，从消防规范的条文解释中此概念多次出现。实际工程中有合用的情况，普通电梯火灾时停止使用，合用前室的正压送风余压值要达到规范的要求，即要考虑电梯井道泄压情况。 6.塔式公寓类高层建筑设置剪刀楼梯时是否可参照《高规》第6.1.2.3条的要求仅设置一个前室, 答:对于塔式公寓类高层建筑属于公共建筑，应分别设置前室。 六.建筑术语、名词解释和建筑分类 1.综合楼的定义,目前一座建筑的功能内容超过两种以上为普遍现象，如含车库、商铺(商场)、餐饮等，如何理解,如普通旅馆配套设施一般含餐饮、商场、娱乐，为综合楼还是普通旅馆, 答:?通常是指两种及二种以上用途的楼层组成的公共建筑为综合楼，如果餐饮、商业面积超过一层面积一半，则认为该层具有了一种功能用途。 ?当住宅楼、办公楼地下室仅设置了车库、自行车库时，该住宅楼、办公楼可不作为综合楼考虑，但车库应满足《汽车库、修车库、停车场设计防火规范》的要求。 ?消防局认为含娱乐应为综合楼，若餐饮、商业面积达到一定规模应为综合楼。 2.若一个整体总高度超过24米的建筑，主体为一层高大空间，但内部局部设了数层夹层(比如八层，建筑高度超过24米)，则该建筑套《高规》还是《建规》, 答:如果夹层仅仅是一些较窄的走道供维修使用，无其它用途，可以按《建规》要求设计;否则套《高规》。例如某国际会展中心的剧场，其后台有5层功能房间，建筑高度超过24米，就应该按高层对待。 3.建筑层数问题，跃层是否理解为单独一层,面积和层高在多少范围内的夹层理解为单独一层, 答:在高层建筑中，跃层在实际建筑结构上是存在有一层的，只是在使用功能上有所区别。跃层必须算一层。 主体建筑结构楼层中增加的层，该层层高低于主体结构层层高，夹层如果火灾危险性与正常楼层一样，消防设计应该与其它的一样。 4.如何定义“一栋建筑”, (1)多个建筑的相互连接关系紧密到什么程度范围可称为一栋建筑, (2)如通过平台或通过一层、多层敞开连廊相互连接的多个建筑是否为一栋建筑, (3)多个建筑单元以一定角度拼接的建筑群体又如何确定, 答:(1)从建筑本身来定义，地基基础连在一起的建筑应视为一栋建筑;通过平台相互连接多个建筑整体视为一栋建筑。 (2)通过一层、多层敞开连廊相互连接的多个建筑在防火上要根据情况而定:连廊是只供 Project Manager, construction, safety officer for the afternoon the second comprehensive self test, where a violation of the ng the development of Socialist construction, environmental protection must be the construction site. 4.1 daily by the Deputyromotitruction and operation of pollution and nuisance, safeguard the health of residents and workers near the construction area, pental protection measures in order to protect and improve the living environment and the ecological environment, prevent consvironmany's comprehensive evaluation, check scores published examination results issued on a regular basis. 4, construction site en, leaders, managers, operators, wearing a helmet is divided into red, blue and yellow species. 3.4 site construction and compratorsunding environment. 3.3 construction managers and construction personnel, special operations personnel listing jobs, site opeipment, mixer noise emitted by machinery and equipment next to foam for noise control to prevent noise pollution of the surroon equstruction waste someone to clean up, to avoid polluting the environment 3.2 night arrangements of noise emitted by constructiion, should be taken to prevent dust and mud spill leak, measures such as the sewage outflow, vehicles stained with dirt, conrecovery and treatment in a timely manner. At the time of construction workers on the day of the construction of the log on post records. 4.2 monthly by the Department of projectssions of the environment protection in construction site must be promptly identified and corrective action, made by constructprovi9 人通行的开敞连廊，建筑之间达到防火间距的要求。这样的建筑可不视为一栋建筑，否则视为一栋建筑。 (3)多个建筑单元以一定角度拼接的建筑群体中防火要求上按一栋建筑考虑。 (4)具有功能房间的连体应视为一栋建筑。 t be promptly identified and corrective action, made by construction workers on the day of the construction of the log on poste musnoon the second comprehensive self test, where a violation of the provisions of the environment protection in construction siprotection must be the construction site. 4.1 daily by the Deputy Project Manager, construction, safety officer for the afterental the health of residents and workers near the construction area, promoting the development of Socialist construction, environme living environment and the ecological environment, prevent construction and operation of pollution and nuisance, safeguard ove thnation results issued on a regular basis. 4, construction site environmental protection measures in order to protect and imprinto red, blue and yellow species. 3.4 site construction and company's comprehensive evaluation, check scores published examivided on personnel, special operations personnel listing jobs, site operators, leaders, managers, operators, wearing a helmet is dito foam for noise control to prevent noise pollution of the surrounding environment. 3.3 construction managers and constructinext environment 3.2 night arrangements of noise emitted by construction equipment, mixer noise emitted by machinery and equipmentsures such as the sewage outflow, vehicles stained with dirt, construction waste someone to clean up, to avoid polluting the earecovery and treatment in a timely manner. At the time of construction, should be taken to prevent dust and mud spill leak, mt records. 4.2 monthly by the Department of projects10