英语词类和句子成分的关系

英语中的词类 一、词类:英语词类分十种: 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.): 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如:boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.):主要用来代替名词。如:who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj):表示人或事物的性质或特征。如:good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.):表示数目或事物的顺序。如:one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.):表示动作或状态。如:am, is, are, have, see . 6、副词(adv.):修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如:now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art):用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如:a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.):表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.):用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj):表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如:oh, well, hi, hello 英语词类和句子成分的关系 (一)词类相互间的关系。 1.形容词、数词通常修饰名词(有时名词也可以修饰另外一个名词),形容词还可修饰代词。例如: 1)The three tall and strong men are all basket- ball players.(“主系表”结构 (定语) (主) (谓) (定语) (表语) 数词three和形容词tall , strong修饰名词men; 名词basketball修饰名词players. 2)The writer often writes something interesting about children. (主) (状) (谓) (宾) (定) (形容词interesting修饰不定代词something) 2.副词常修饰动词、形容词和其他副词。例如: (副词well修饰plays,副词quite修饰另一副词well.) (副词very修饰形容词interesting) 以上的名词、代词、数词、形容词、动词、副词称为实词,可在句中单独做一定的成分。 3.冠词、介词、连词称为虚词,在句中不能单独构成句子成分。冠词只能用于名词前;介词与它后面的名词或代词构成介词短语,才能作一定的成分(定语、状语和表语)。 连词只起连接词、词组和句子的作用。 He is so young that he can’t go to school.(that连接两句子) (二)词类和句子成分的关系: 1.主语:是句子要说明的人和物,是句子的主体,一般放在句首。名词、代词常在句中作主语。此外,动名词、动词不定式、主语从句也可作主语。例如: 1)Mr. Chen is a great scientist. (________作主语) 2)He reads newspapers every day. (________作主语) 3)Smoking is harmful to the health. (________作主语) 4)To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure. (________作主语) 5)What we shall do next is not yet decided. (________作主语) 2.谓语:说明主语的动作和状态。动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。例如: 1)The new term begins on September 1st .(________作谓语) 2)She seems tired. (________作谓语) 3)He has gone to Beijing. (________作谓语) 3.宾语:及物动词涉及的人或物称为动词宾语。宾语一般放在及物动词(或相当于及物动词的短语)后。介词后的名词或代词称为介词宾语。名词、代词在句中常作宾语。此外,动词不定式、动名词和从句也可作宾语。例如: 1)Wang Ling lent me a novel. (代词me作间接宾语;________作直接宾语) 2)The medicine is good for a cough. ( ________作介词宾语) 3)My little sister always likes to ask questions. (________作动词likes 的宾语) 4)His brother is good at playing chess. (________作介词宾语) 5)Would you mind coming earlier tomorrow? (________作动词宾语) 4.宾语补足语(复合宾语的第二部分):在宾语后补充说明宾语的动作、状态、特征的成分称为宾补。名词、形容词、动词不定式和动名词可作宾补。(见前面简单句的五种基本句型五) 5.表语:在连系动词后用来说明主语的身份、状态或特征的成分是表语。可作表语的有:名词、代词、形容词、介词短语、不定式、动名词以及表语从句。 1)Wang Lin’s father is a doctor. (________作表语,说明主语的身份是doctor) 2)He is from America. (________作表语,说明主语的特征是“来自美国“) 3)The baby is asleep. (________作表语,说明主语的状态是“睡着的”) 4)His work is teaching English.(________作表语,) 5)This is why he was late for school((________作表语,) 6.定语:用来修饰名词或代词的成分是定语。单词作定语通常放在它所修饰的词前;但修饰复合不定代词(nothing, anything, everything, something , somebody , anybody, …..)时,则放在这些不定代词之后。短语和从句作定语时,也放在被修饰词之后。形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、现在分词、过去分词和定语从句等都可作定语。 1)He is reading an interesting book. (________作定语,) 2)I have something important to tell you. (________以及________作定语,修饰不定代词something) 3)There are few women workers in the factory. (________以及________作定语修饰名词workers) 4)The oil workers here come from Daqing. (________以及________作定语修饰名词workers) 5)We have got ten desks in the room. (________修饰名词desks) 6)Yesterday the scientist made a report on modern science. (________作定语修饰名词report.) 7)The girl playing the piano is my younger sister. (________作定语修饰名词girl) 8)This is the new dictionary which I bought yesterday. (________作定语修饰名词dictionary) 7.状语:修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句的成分是状语。修饰形容词的状语通常放在它所修饰的词之前,修饰动词的状语通常放在动词后。但有些副词(如:often , always , usually等作状语放在事义动词之前,be /助/情之后)。副词、介词短语、名词词组、动词不定式、分词短语和状语从句都可以作状语。 1)He knows how to learn English well. (________作状语,修饰动词learn) 2)My parents often tell us about their hard life in the past. (________作状语,修饰动词tell) 3)Her mother usually goes out to do some shopping on Sundays. (________作状语,修饰动词goes) 4)He will leave for Shanghai the day after tomorrow. (________作状语,修饰动词will leave) 5)He came here to see you. (________作目的状语, 6)He sat there reading a novel (________作状语修饰动词sat) 7)If I have some free time, I will study German. (________作状语) 三、用 分析 定性数据统计分析pdf销售业绩分析模板建筑结构震害分析销售进度分析表京东商城竞争战略分析 法确定一个单词在句中的词性和成分。 在英语中,一个单词往往有多种意思,应根据一个词在句中的位置确定它的词性、词义、和在句中的成分。 1)Excuse me. I don’t want to listen to you any more. I don’t think it’s a good excuse for being late for school 2)The scores are hard to believe. Team A has scored eight goals. 3)The guide pointed to a red point on the map to show us where the tomb is. 4)The sound from the church sounds very beautiful.