湖北兴发化工集团主要节能减排措施及成效调研(1)

湖北兴发化工集团主要节能减排措施及成效调研(1) 湖北兴发化工集团主要节能减排措施及成效调研 在磷化工发展制约因素中,亟待解决的问 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 首先是节能减排,只有在有效地实现节能降耗、污染物综合治理和循环利用的前提下才可能实现规模化、集约化经营,也才能提高产品附加值,增加品种和规格,湖北兴发化工集团在此方面积累了丰富经验并取得了显著成效。 该集团地处湖北省兴山县,是一家集移民搬迁型、资源加工型、外贸出口型于一体的大型磷化工企业,控股一家上市公司,总资产48 亿元,员工4 000 余人. 笔者对湖北兴发化工集团进行了实地考察,对磷化工生产过程中的节能减排有效措施进行了翔实调研,结果如下。 湖北兴发化工集团节能措施及效果见表1. 表1 湖北兴发化工集团节能措施及效果 序项 目 节能措施 效 果 号 建成了我国第一套高传热效应的热管余热汽利用尾气余热每小时稳定产蒸汽1.5 t ，所产蒸汽余热回收替代燃煤包工业装置,利用六偏磷酸钠装置产生的尾气用于磷酸盐的生产;采取各种方法回收集团内部各1 锅炉技术 余热自产蒸汽. 已在全集团推广使用了12 套类蒸汽18t/h ,相当于建成一台不烧煤不排尾气的 磷酸盐聚合尾气余热产汽装置 18t锅炉 目前已完成7 套共25万t/y 磷酸装置的改造,每小 时生产蒸汽52t。下属白沙河厂区停开2台循环硫化投资1000万元与云南化工研究院合作开发热床锅炉,刘草坡厂区完全停用燃煤锅炉.燃煤量由2 热法磷酸装置热能法磷酸装置热能利用合同,采用二步法磷酸工2 万t/月降至6t/月。仅此一项,每年减少燃煤消耗16利用技术 艺回收燃磷工序显热,对原一步热法磷酸装置万t，减少用水2926万t，节约成本3000多万元,削减进行改造 了燃煤产生的二氧化硫上千吨,烟尘上百吨,温室气 体二氧化硫数十万吨 对瓦斯气内燃发电机组进行改造,解决了耐腐 黄磷尾气能源梯级问题,具备黄磷尾气发电条件,发电机组黄磷3 年产电能200万kWh ,年节约成本300多万元 利用技术 高温尾气采用热管汽包回收,用于黄磷和磷酸 盐生产 率先自主 设计 领导形象设计圆作业设计ao工艺污水处理厂设计附属工程施工组织设计清扫机器人结构设计 建造了7500 吨大型黄磷炉,随使黄磷每吨电耗下降500 kWh ,黄磷月产量由600t上4 黄磷炉改造项目 后又对大型黄磷电炉进行工艺改进,实现了用升到800t 以上,仅此一项每年增加效益1000多万元 国产普通电极替代进口电极的目标。 新型催化剂利用技在磷酸盐生产中采用SiBaCsP复合氧化物新2225 每年增加效益300 多万元 术 型催化剂 wash stomach, anus exhaust, the abdominal cavity puncture indication and operation and triple cavities tube the indications for use, contraindications and conventional methods of operation. 3. the higher requirements (1) learning content: abdominal tuberculosis (tuberculosis and Tuberculous peritonitis) and chronic diarrhea. (2) clinical knowledge, skills required: ? clinical knowledge: the differential diagnosis of tuberculous peritonitis; the differential diagnosis of intestinal tuberculosis and Crohn's disease; the pathophysiology of chronic diarrhea and diseases; II skills required: gastroscopy and gastric juice extraction, the indication of liver biopsy, contraindications and complications, indication of x-ray examination of the digestive system. (11) endocrine Professional 1. familiar Rotary purpose: basic theory of Endocrinology subject of internal medicine, has a system of academic knowledge. Cultivation of clinical thinking ability, mastering the discipline of clinical skills, be able to handle the subject of common diseases. Understanding: principles of diagnosis and treatment of certain diseases. 2. basic requirements (1) learning content: diabetes mellitus and its chronic complications, Diabetic Ketoacidosis, Graves disease, thyroiditis, and Cushing's syndrome, as well as, the original primary hyperaldosteronism pheochromocytoma tumor. (2) clinical knowledge, skills required: ? clinical knowledge: diabetes type, etiology, clinical features, treatment, diet principles; the pathogenesis of Diabetic Ketoacidosis, the principles of diagnosis and treatment. Graves disease etiology, clinical and laboratory and treatment; II skills required: correct history, written records, conduct a comprehensive physical examination, familiar with the diagnosis and treatment of endocrine 投资6000多万元,对黄磷、五钠装置的污水处 理系统和设备冷却水系统进行升级改造,累计使废水排放由67t/a 削减到2t/a ,大大缓解了三峡污水处理和再利用改造地下管网两万余米,兴建污水循环池11库区水体生态环境压力。不仅基本实现了工业废水6 技术 个、水冷却塔4个、建设规范化排污口5个. 同的重复使用和污水的零排放,而且每年可节水800多 时对各厂区的含磷地表水进行收集处理,对工万t ,年减少水资源费和排污费开支400多万元 业污水和冷却水实施封闭循环利用 湖北兴发化工集团减排措施及效果见表2. 表2 湖北兴发化工集团减排措施及效果 序项 目 污染物减排措施 效 果 号 黄磷尾气经麻石水膜除尘器除尘后引入排气筒回收生尾气回收率达到95%以上,在有效减排一氧产煤气和用作五钠、六偏等产品生产的动力燃料,回收黄磷尾气综合利用化碳、磷化氢等有毒有害气体以及五氧化二1 次磷酸钠尾气磷化氢制取磷酸,采用吸收、吸附工艺及技术 磷、氟化物等酸性气体的基础上,年增效益其组合工艺对黄磷尾气进行脱硫,净化后进行羰基合3000多万元 成生产甲酸、醋酸、碳酸二甲酯等产品 磷酸盐颗粒回收技不仅大大改善了工作环境,而且每年收 2 在五钠包装岗位采用布袋除尘技术 术 集颗粒产品数百吨,从粉尘中拣回50多万元 循环硫化床锅炉采用电除尘+ 湿法双碱法除尘脱硫工循环硫化床锅炉脱3 艺,锅炉烟气经电除尘器净化后,进入脱硫洗涤塔脱粉尘排放量下降93%,SO排放量下降80%以上 2硫除尘技术 硫. 烟气净化后通过烟囱排放 将黄磷生产时的副产磷渣烘干用来制水泥熟料;次磷 副产磷渣综合利用酸钠残渣生产饲料级磷酸三钙;与华新集团合作,建成不仅年增收入1500 多万元,而且一举解决4 技术 了利用磷渣生产水泥掺和料生产装置;同力博尔公司了多年来的磷渣处理难题 合作利用磷渣生产微晶玻璃,压制免烧砖等建筑材料 黄磷炉渣和燃煤炉5 将黄磷炉渣和燃煤锅炉炉渣出售作水泥原料 回收成本150多万元 渣综合利用 磷泥由厂回收,将其中的磷用于烧酸;开发使用磷泥生 产次磷酸钠,用次磷酸钠的残渣和副产品磷化氢生产 饲料钙、亚磷酸、亚磷酸酯增塑剂和磷阻燃剂等系列不仅年增效益300多万元,而且根除了多年6 磷泥综合利用技术 高新技术;在建成富磷泥烧制磷酸工业装置的基础上,来磷泥堆积的环境风险 又投资600万元引进密闭氧化法处理1 %以上含量的贫 磷泥烧酸装置,并利用磷泥烧酸的残渣生产柑橘专用 肥 投资1500万元建成利用次磷酸钠生产工序中产生的少磷酸盐废渣生产饲年减少次磷酸钠装置生产所排放含磷废渣7 量亚磷酸盐、次磷酸盐以及单质磷石灰废渣(1. 2万t/ 料技术 3500t,年增效益450多万元 a) 生产饲料磷酸钙生产线 二甲基亚砜副产废利用生产二甲基亚砜的过程副产废盐直接替代硝酸盐年减少五钠生产所需硝酸盐采购成本200多8 盐利用技术 做磷酸盐增白剂 万元,同时有效解决了亚砜废渣处理难题 二甲基亚砜副产粗 投资180万元将二甲基亚砜生产过程中副产的粗砜精在年减排固废860t的同时年增效益300多万9 砜利用技术 制成高品质的二甲基砜 元 wash stomach, anus exhaust, the abdominal cavity puncture indication and operation and triple cavities tube the indications for use, contraindications and conventional methods of operation. 3. the higher requirements (1) learning content: abdominal tuberculosis (tuberculosis and Tuberculous peritonitis) and chronic diarrhea. (2) clinical knowledge, skills required: ? clinical knowledge: the differential diagnosis of tuberculous peritonitis; the differential diagnosis of intestinal tuberculosis and Crohn's disease; the pathophysiology of chronic diarrhea and diseases; II skills required: gastroscopy and gastric juice extraction, the indication of liver biopsy, contraindications and complications, indication of x-ray examination of the digestive system. (11) endocrine Professional 1. familiar Rotary purpose: basic theory of Endocrinology subject of internal medicine, has a system of academic knowledge. Cultivation of clinical thinking ability, mastering the discipline of clinical skills, be able to handle the subject of common diseases. Understanding: principles of diagnosis and treatment of certain diseases. 2. basic requirements (1) learning content: diabetes mellitus and its chronic complications, Diabetic Ketoacidosis, Graves disease, thyroiditis, and Cushing's syndrome, as well as, the original primary hyperaldosteronism pheochromocytoma tumor. (2) clinical knowledge, skills required: ? clinical knowledge: diabetes type, etiology, clinical features, treatment, diet principles; the pathogenesis of Diabetic Ketoacidosis, the principles of diagnosis and treatment. Graves disease etiology, clinical and laboratory and treatment; II skills required: correct history, written records, conduct a comprehensive physical examination, familiar with the diagnosis and treatment of endocrine 将主要来自洗涤塔、洗气塔、精制槽、磷泥槽、电极 水封和地面冲洗的污水经污水处理系统处理后实行封基本实现了工业废水的重复使用和污水的污水处理和循环利10 闭循环,重复利用;尾气洗涤过程中产生的洗涤水送入零排放,而且每年可节水800多万t ,年减少用技术 中和池处理后回用,不外排;装置区的地坪冲洗水用地水资源费和排污费开支400多万元 表水收集池收集后循环使用 几年来,湖北兴发化工集团累计投资1.2 亿元,对废气、污水和废渣进行处理和循环利用,实现了达标排放. 2005,2007 年成为国家清洁生产审核合格企业. 目前,该集团黄磷尾气综合利用率已经超过了95% ,水的重复利用率超过50% ,固体废物综合利用率达100%。湖北兴发化工集团实施节能减排措施的经验表明,在努力加强资源的综合利用变废为宝获得环保效益的同时,不仅没有付出昂贵的代价,反而获取了更高的经济效益,有效拉长了企业产品链条,初步形成了“自然资源?清洁生产?绿色消费?再生资源”的循环经济模式,企业每年在磷化工生产的节能减排上所创产值高达4500 多万元。 来源:摘自“磷化工生产节能减排的有效途径”(武汉工程大学学报) 兴发集团将建120万吨磷矿选矿项目 兴发集团发布公告称，公司董事会23日审议通过了关于兴山县树空坪矿业有限公司投资新建120万吨/年重介质选矿项目一期主体工程及配套工程的议案。 兴发集团称，公司全资子公司兴山县树空坪矿业有限公司将投资5737.64万元，兴建120万吨/年重介质选矿项目一期主体工程及配套工程。项目位于兴山县水月寺镇茅草坪村，将建设60万吨/年破碎和筛分装置;重介质选矿装置;矿仓及运输皮带栈桥;浓缩沉淀、矿泥压滤及公用工程等。 wash stomach, anus exhaust, the abdominal cavity puncture indication and operation and triple cavities tube the indications for3 use, contraindications and conventional methods of operation. 3. the higher requirements (1) learning content: abdominal tuberculosis (tuberculosis and Tuberculous peritonitis) and chronic diarrhea. (2) clinical knowledge, skills required: ? clinical knowledge: the differential diagnosis of tuberculous peritonitis; the differential diagnosis of intestinal tuberculosis and Crohn's disease; the pathophysiology of chronic diarrhea and diseases; II skills required: gastroscopy and gastric juice extraction, the indication of liver biopsy, contraindications and complications, indication of x-ray examination of the digestive system. (11) endocrine Professional 1. familiar Rotary purpose: basic theory of Endocrinology subject of internal medicine, has a system of academic knowledge. Cultivation of clinical thinking ability, mastering the discipline of clinical skills, be able to handle the subject of common diseases. Understanding: principles of diagnosis and treatment of certain diseases. 2. basic requirements (1) learning content: diabetes mellitus and its chronic complications, Diabetic Ketoacidosis, Graves disease, thyroiditis, and Cushing's syndrome, as well as, the original primary hyperaldosteronism pheochromocytoma tumor. (2) clinical knowledge, skills required: ? clinical knowledge: diabetes type, etiology, clinical features, treatment, diet principles; the pathogenesis of Diabetic Ketoacidosis, the principles of diagnosis and treatment. Graves disease etiology, clinical and laboratory and treatment; II skills required: correct history, written records, conduct a comprehensive physical examination, familiar with the diagnosis and treatment of endocrine 工艺技术方案采用磷矿石原矿经破碎、筛分、脱泥预处理后，采用重介旋流器分选出磷精矿，介质和水经处理后回收循环利用。项目建成后，有利于最大限度提高磷矿资源利用率，延长矿山服务年限，为公司下游化工企业提供优质磷精矿。达产后，年可实现销售收入11220万元，年可实现净利润900.35万元，投资回收期约为6年。 据悉，重介质磷矿选矿项目属于国家政策鼓励的技术项目，符合国家矿产资源规划的重点和方向。根据湖北省对省内磷矿的整体规划，中低品位磷矿要分块有序科学开采，资源贫富兼采，走矿化、矿肥结合的路子，并要求新上采矿项目必须合理利用贫矿。 来源:中国化工信息网 “惊天秘密”考验磷、氟化工智慧 今年4月，多氟多化工股份有限公司的一份《氟资源综合利用项目》可行性研究 报告 软件系统测试报告下载sgs报告如何下载关于路面塌陷情况报告535n,sgs报告怎么下载竣工报告下载 被披露出来。这份报告显示:磷矿石中也含有氟资源，而且储量比萤石的储量还大。不仅如此，从磷矿石中提取氟资源的技术早已成熟，并取得了相当大的效益。 这一被业界称为“惊天秘密”的信息一披露，顿时让磷化工和氟化工两个从来没什么往来的行业变成了“一家人”。两个行业的竞争态势也公开化了。 废物变资源一举两得 长期以来，业界一直认为萤石是氟资源的最主要来源。但近几年，有人提出，萤石并不是氟资源唯一的来源，氟资源的另一个来源是与磷矿石伴生。但这一提wash stomach, anus exhaust, the abdominal cavity puncture indication and operation and triple cavities tube the indications for use, contraindications and conventional methods of operation. 3. the higher requirements (1) learning content: abdominal tuberculosis (tuberculosis and Tuberculous peritonitis) and chronic diarrhea. (2) clinical knowledge, skills required: ? clinical knowledge: the differential diagnosis of tuberculous peritonitis; the differential diagnosis of intestinal tuberculosis and Crohn's disease; the pathophysiology of chronic diarrhea and diseases; II skills required: gastroscopy and gastric juice extraction, the indication of liver biopsy, contraindications and complications, indication of x-ray examination of the digestive system. (11) endocrine Professional 1. familiar Rotary purpose: basic theory of Endocrinology subject of internal medicine, has a system of academic knowledge. Cultivation of clinical thinking ability, mastering the discipline of clinical skills, be able to handle the subject of common diseases. Understanding: principles of diagnosis and treatment of certain diseases. 2. basic requirements (1) learning content: diabetes mellitus and its chronic complications, Diabetic Ketoacidosis, Graves disease, thyroiditis, and Cushing's syndrome, as well as, the original primary hyperaldosteronism pheochromocytoma tumor. (2) clinical knowledge, skills required: ? clinical knowledge: diabetes type, etiology, clinical features, treatment, diet principles; the pathogenesis of Diabetic Ketoacidosis, the principles of diagnosis and treatment. Graves disease etiology, clinical and laboratory and treatment; II skills required: correct history, written records, conduct a comprehensive physical examination, familiar with the diagnosis and treatment of endocrine 法开始并未引起业界太多的关注，因为没有比较成功的工艺实践。随着不可再生的萤石资源量逐年减少，业界对萤石的替代产品越来越关注。特别是今年4月，多氟多化工股份有限公司《氟资源综合利用项目》可行性 研究报告 水源地可行性研究报告美术课题研究中期报告师生关系的个案研究养羊可行性研究报告可行性研究报告诊所 明确表示，全世界萤石储量约为6亿吨，按50,氟含量来计算，氟总量也只有约3亿吨。而世界已知的磷矿石储量约600亿吨，磷矿石中的氟含量为2,,4,，相对应的氟总量为12亿~24亿吨。显而易见，磷矿石中伴生的氟资源远比萤石的储量大。 磷肥生产过程会产生大量的含氟气体(主要是四氟化硅)。四氟化硅气体会遇水蒸气生成氟化氢。如果排入大气，对人体及自然环境将产生极大危害。大部分磷肥企业只能将四氟化硅气体用水吸收生成氟硅酸，仅仅是把废气转化成废水。少数有实力的磷肥企业将氟硅酸转化成氟硅酸钠。然而副产低浓度盐酸又形成了二次污染。因此，对磷肥企业而言，副产的四氟化硅尾气是一个令人头疼的环保难题。 早在1999年，多氟多公司就成功地开发出氟硅酸钠法制冰晶石联产优质白炭黑生产技术。该技术利用磷肥副产品氟硅酸为原料生产高分子冰晶石，改变了国内几十年来以萤石为原料生产冰晶石的传统工艺，不仅开辟了新的氟资源来源，解决了长期以来困扰并制约我国磷肥工业发展的“三废”污染问题，同时节约了国家的战略资源萤石。正是以这项技术起家，多氟多公司如今已成为全球最大的氟化盐制造企业。 也就是说，多氟多公司的创新一举打破了两个行业的发展瓶颈，既解决了氟化工的资源问题，又解决了磷化工的环保问题。 而这一技术的应用正逢其时。中国化工报记者了解到，去年以来，在国家出台的一系列政策和规划中，利用磷矿伴生的氟资源已经被提到重要位置。 wash stomach, anus exhaust, the abdominal cavity puncture indication and operation and triple cavities tube the indications for5 use, contraindications and conventional methods of operation. 3. the higher requirements (1) learning content: abdominal tuberculosis (tuberculosis and Tuberculous peritonitis) and chronic diarrhea. (2) clinical knowledge, skills required: ? clinical knowledge: the differential diagnosis of tuberculous peritonitis; the differential diagnosis of intestinal tuberculosis and Crohn's disease; the pathophysiology of chronic diarrhea and diseases; II skills required: gastroscopy and gastric juice extraction, the indication of liver biopsy, contraindications and complications, indication of x-ray examination of the digestive system. (11) endocrine Professional 1. familiar Rotary purpose: basic theory of Endocrinology subject of internal medicine, has a system of academic knowledge. Cultivation of clinical thinking ability, mastering the discipline of clinical skills, be able to handle the subject of common diseases. Understanding: principles of diagnosis and treatment of certain diseases. 2. basic requirements (1) learning content: diabetes mellitus and its chronic complications, Diabetic Ketoacidosis, Graves disease, thyroiditis, and Cushing's syndrome, as well as, the original primary hyperaldosteronism pheochromocytoma tumor. (2) clinical knowledge, skills required: ? clinical knowledge: diabetes type, etiology, clinical features, treatment, diet principles; the pathogenesis of Diabetic Ketoacidosis, the principles of diagnosis and treatment. Graves disease etiology, clinical and laboratory and treatment; II skills required: correct history, written records, conduct a comprehensive physical examination, familiar with the diagnosis and treatment of endocrine 2010年3月，工业和信息化部印发《关于印发聚氯乙烯等17个重点行业清洁生产技术推行方案的 通知 关于发布提成方案的通知关于xx通知关于成立公司筹建组的通知关于红头文件的使用公开通知关于计发全勤奖的通知 》，提出“到2012年，回收磷矿中的氟生产无水氢氟酸20万吨，节约萤石上百万吨”。 2011年5月，中国石化联合会发布《化工矿业“十二五”发展规划》，提出未来5年“磷矿石伴生的氟、碘资源得到回收，综合利用水平有所提高”，“积极推广化工矿山资源节约与综合利用技术，努力提高重点化工矿产资源开采回采率、选矿回收率、共伴生资源利用率，提高资源效益”。同期发布的《石油和化学工业“十二五”环境保护发展指南》提出“重点推广含氟废气生产无水氢氟酸技术”。 在国家发改委发布的《产业结构调整指导目录(2011年本)》中，鼓励类条目也新增了“磷矿伴生资源综合利用、大型脱氟磷酸钙生产装置”一项。 磷氟两行业纷纷抢滩 由于磷矿伴生氟资源，氟化工和磷化工两个原本没什么往来的行业，一下子成了关系最为密切的两个行业，而且竞争势态很快形成。 在磷化工企业方面，我国每年开采的磷矿石量达5000多万吨，大部分用来制作磷肥。由于没有回收利用，每年磷肥尾气浪费掉的氟资源有150多万吨，远大于国内每年萤石生产量中氟的总量。广大磷肥企业一直都在为产能过剩和废物处理问题焦头烂额。因我国的磷矿主要分布在云南、贵州、四川和湖北4个省份，所以这些地方的磷肥企业行动最快。 贵州瓮福股份有限公司引进瑞士生产技术，以磷肥副产物氟硅酸为原料生产无水氟化氢，装置产能2万吨/年，投资约2亿元。这是当时世界上第一个回收磷肥副产物氟硅酸并加工成无水氟化氢的工业化项目，标志着中国以氟硅酸为原料生产氟化氢的时代到来。 wash stomach, anus exhaust, the abdominal cavity puncture indication and operation and triple cavities tube the indications for use, contraindications and conventional methods of operation. 3. the higher requirements (1) learning content: abdominal tuberculosis (tuberculosis and Tuberculous peritonitis) and chronic diarrhea. (2) clinical knowledge, skills required: ? clinical knowledge: the differential diagnosis of tuberculous peritonitis; the differential diagnosis of intestinal tuberculosis and Crohn's disease; the pathophysiology of chronic diarrhea and diseases; II skills required: gastroscopy and gastric juice extraction, the indication of liver biopsy, contraindications and complications, indication of x-ray examination of the digestive system. (11) endocrine Professional 1. familiar Rotary purpose: basic theory of Endocrinology subject of internal medicine, has a system of academic knowledge. Cultivation of clinical thinking ability, mastering the discipline of clinical skills, be able to handle the subject of common diseases. Understanding: principles of diagnosis and treatment of certain diseases. 2. basic requirements (1) learning content: diabetes mellitus and its chronic complications, Diabetic Ketoacidosis, Graves disease, thyroiditis, and Cushing's syndrome, as well as, the original primary hyperaldosteronism pheochromocytoma tumor. (2) clinical knowledge, skills required: ? clinical knowledge: diabetes type, etiology, clinical features, treatment, diet principles; the pathogenesis of Diabetic Ketoacidosis, the principles of diagnosis and treatment. Graves disease etiology, clinical and laboratory and treatment; II skills required: correct history, written records, conduct a comprehensive physical examination, familiar with the diagnosis and treatment of endocrine 2009年，云南云天化国际化工股份有限公司与湖南有色氟化学有限公司、云南氟业化工股份有限公司共同出资组建云南云天化氟化学有限公司，利用下属磷肥企业的副产物氟硅酸生产冰晶石，产能3万吨/年，其主体装置已于今年4月打通流程，目前正处在试生产阶段。2010年9月，云天化云南氟业公司营销部长李程曾在一次会议上透露，云天化已正式涉足氟化工产业，其下属的云南氟业已开工建设从磷酸盐岩矿中提取氟资源及氟化铝项目。未来不仅要上马30万吨的氟化铝项目，还准备开发若干无机氟化盐项目。 2011年4月，贵州开磷集团和贵州省化工研究院共同攻关，成功开发出具有自主知识产权的无水氟化氢生产专有技术，并生产出纯度为99.94%的无水氟化氢产品。该技术已完成实验室试验，建成1000吨/年无水氟化氢中试装置，并生产出合格产品，其单位物耗和能耗均低于传统萤石法工艺技术。目前科研人员正进行该项目的放大设计，并加紧建设磷矿伴生氟资源2万吨/年无水氟化氢产业化示范装置。 从事磷化工的湖北兴发集团在重点部署2011年技术创新工作中也提出，加大磷酸铁锂、氟化工新产品等调研工作，力争年内取得突破性进展。 如果说磷化工企业涉足氟化工是为了解决自身环保难题，那么氟化工则是要利用技术优势，积极开拓萤石以外的氟资源途径。 多氟多公司在成功开发了氟硅酸钠法制冰晶石联产白炭黑生产技术后，又把眼光瞄准了云南。今年5月，多氟多公司与云南祥丰金麦化工有限公司、安宁市银州化工有限公司共同投资设立的多氟多(昆明)科技开发有限公司正式获得营业执照，每年可获得云南这两家公司副产的氟硅酸10万吨左右，用于3万吨/年冰晶石项目，为其冰晶石生产工艺开辟了新的原料来源。 wash stomach, anus exhaust, the abdominal cavity puncture indication and operation and triple cavities tube the indications for7 use, contraindications and conventional methods of operation. 3. the higher requirements (1) learning content: abdominal tuberculosis (tuberculosis and Tuberculous peritonitis) and chronic diarrhea. (2) clinical knowledge, skills required: ? clinical knowledge: the differential diagnosis of tuberculous peritonitis; the differential diagnosis of intestinal tuberculosis and Crohn's disease; the pathophysiology of chronic diarrhea and diseases; II skills required: gastroscopy and gastric juice extraction, the indication of liver biopsy, contraindications and complications, indication of x-ray examination of the digestive system. (11) endocrine Professional 1. familiar Rotary purpose: basic theory of Endocrinology subject of internal medicine, has a system of academic knowledge. Cultivation of clinical thinking ability, mastering the discipline of clinical skills, be able to handle the subject of common diseases. Understanding: principles of diagnosis and treatment of certain diseases. 2. basic requirements (1) learning content: diabetes mellitus and its chronic complications, Diabetic Ketoacidosis, Graves disease, thyroiditis, and Cushing's syndrome, as well as, the original primary hyperaldosteronism pheochromocytoma tumor. (2) clinical knowledge, skills required: ? clinical knowledge: diabetes type, etiology, clinical features, treatment, diet principles; the pathogenesis of Diabetic Ketoacidosis, the principles of diagnosis and treatment. Graves disease etiology, clinical and laboratory and treatment; II skills required: correct history, written records, conduct a comprehensive physical examination, familiar with the diagnosis and treatment of endocrine 多位接受采访的企业家都表示:“磷化工伴生氟化工将成为未来的发展趋势，这也是使磷矿资源获得最合理利用的途径～” 诸多现实难题需解决 尽管从磷矿石中提取氟资源技术可以解决两个行业的问题，但中国化工报记者采访了解到，这个新兴的领域发展还存在诸多难题。 第一，产品的市场容量问题。利用磷矿中的氟资源，可以生产的产品很多，例如氟硅酸钠、氟硅酸钾、氟化氢铵、氟化钾、冰晶石等。但这些产品的市场容量有限。例如我国目前冰晶石市场容量约15万吨，预计到2013年将达到23万吨。而在副产物氟硅酸方面，磷肥行业可回收氟资源的总量为150万吨，远远超过这些无机氟化工产品的市场需求。 第二，工艺路线的副产问题。一位不愿透露姓名的业内人士分析说:“从目前已有的技术来看，从瑞士引进的氢氟酸工艺会副产大量的稀硫酸，为了妥善处理这些副产的低浓度硫酸，就需要额外上一套普钙生产装置。因此该工艺仅仅适用于大规模、有配套设施的生产企业，对于规模中等及以下的企业有较大局限性。同时还需要注意的是，磷肥行业„十二五?规划已经明确提出不准新上普钙项目。而另一种采用硫酸法的无水氟化氢生产技术，需要添加硫酸和液氨，该路线会副产硫酸铵。硫酸铵本是一种化肥，可以作为产品进行销售。但由于这种硫酸铵中含氟量较高，无法用于农业生产。并且近几年硫酸铵价值大不如从前，所以也影响了该路线的经济价值。” 第三，跨行业合作问题。一位氟化工企业的负责人告诉中国化工报记者:“磷化工企业有资源，氟化工企业有技术，双方应该彼此合作，将技术顺利转移和嫁接。但由于磷化工普遍比氟化工企业产值大得多，个头大得多，因此双方地位不wash stomach, anus exhaust, the abdominal cavity puncture indication and operation and triple cavities tube the indications for use, contraindications and conventional methods of operation. 3. the higher requirements (1) learning content: abdominal tuberculosis (tuberculosis and Tuberculous peritonitis) and chronic diarrhea. (2) clinical knowledge, skills required: ? clinical knowledge: the differential diagnosis of tuberculous peritonitis; the differential diagnosis of intestinal tuberculosis and Crohn's disease; the pathophysiology of chronic diarrhea and diseases; II skills required: gastroscopy and gastric juice extraction, the indication of liver biopsy, contraindications and complications, indication of x-ray examination of the digestive system. (11) endocrine Professional 1. familiar Rotary purpose: basic theory of Endocrinology subject of internal medicine, has a system of academic knowledge. Cultivation of clinical thinking ability, mastering the discipline of clinical skills, be able to handle the subject of common diseases. Understanding: principles of diagnosis and treatment of certain diseases. 2. basic requirements (1) learning content: diabetes mellitus and its chronic complications, Diabetic Ketoacidosis, Graves disease, thyroiditis, and Cushing's syndrome, as well as, the original primary hyperaldosteronism pheochromocytoma tumor. (2) clinical knowledge, skills required: ? clinical knowledge: diabetes type, etiology, clinical features, treatment, diet principles; the pathogenesis of Diabetic Ketoacidosis, the principles of diagnosis and treatment. Graves disease etiology, clinical and laboratory and treatment; II skills required: correct history, written records, conduct a comprehensive physical examination, familiar with the diagnosis and treatment of endocrine 对等，所以在合作具体实施时有一定难度。而如果磷化工企业自己开发相应的技术，无疑要花更长的时间。这等于又是一种浪费。” 中国化工报记者了解到，一家民营科技企业——浙江省衢州市鼎盛化工科技有限公司不久前开发了一套以氟硅酸为原料生产氟化氢的新工艺，通过氟硅酸—氟铵盐—硫酸氢铵来生产无水氟化氢。该工艺特点是通过液氨和硫酸氢铵在生产系统内部循环，把氟硅酸分解为氟化氢和二氧化硅。工艺投入物料少，硫酸和液氨的消耗较低，没有其他副产品，“三废”排放较低。该公司总经理应盛荣却告诉中国化工报记者，尽管目前该技术小试已经成功，具备中试和放大条件，但由于民营科技企业缺少资金，尚无力自己建设中试装置。 应盛荣说:“我建议，首先，磷化工与氟化工行业应加强交流与合作，使氟化工行业的新技术能及时传导到磷化工行业。其次，不同规模的磷化工企业应该采用不同的氟硅酸利用技术。对于大型磷化工企业，最好选择把氟硅酸转化为氟化氢，再用氟化氢生产后续的氟化产品，拉长氟化工的产业链，把氟化工也作为一个主业来做;对于中等规模的磷化工企业，可以用氟硅酸生产冰晶石、氟化钾、氟化氢铵等氟盐;对于小型磷化工企业，生产氟硅酸钠和氟硅酸钾是最方便的。这样，既可保证各企业合理利用氟资源，也可保证各自的氟产品有市场。” 来源:中国化工报 和邦磷化工筹备组 2011-08-02 wash stomach, anus exhaust, the abdominal cavity puncture indication and operation and triple cavities tube the indications for9 use, contraindications and conventional methods of operation. 3. the higher requirements (1) learning content: abdominal tuberculosis (tuberculosis and Tuberculous peritonitis) and chronic diarrhea. (2) clinical knowledge, skills required: ? clinical knowledge: the differential diagnosis of tuberculous peritonitis; the differential diagnosis of intestinal tuberculosis and Crohn's disease; the pathophysiology of chronic diarrhea and diseases; II skills required: gastroscopy and gastric juice extraction, the indication of liver biopsy, contraindications and complications, indication of x-ray examination of the digestive system. (11) endocrine Professional 1. familiar Rotary purpose: basic theory of Endocrinology subject of internal medicine, has a system of academic knowledge. Cultivation of clinical thinking ability, mastering the discipline of clinical skills, be able to handle the subject of common diseases. Understanding: principles of diagnosis and treatment of certain diseases. 2. basic requirements (1) learning content: diabetes mellitus and its chronic complications, Diabetic Ketoacidosis, Graves disease, thyroiditis, and Cushing's syndrome, as well as, the original primary hyperaldosteronism pheochromocytoma tumor. (2) clinical knowledge, skills required: ? clinical knowledge: diabetes type, etiology, clinical features, treatment, diet principles; the pathogenesis of Diabetic Ketoacidosis, the principles of diagnosis and treatment. Graves disease etiology, clinical and laboratory and treatment; II skills required: correct history, written records, conduct a comprehensive physical examination, familiar with the diagnosis and treatment of endocrine