地震简介英文

An earthquake (also known as a quake) is the result of a sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust that creates seismic waves. The seismicity, seismism or seismic activity of an area refers to the frequency, type and size of earthquakes experienced over a period of time. 地震(也称为地震,地震或地震)是一个突然释放的能量在地球的地壳地震波产生的结果。地震活动,地震或地震活动面积是指频率,类型和在一段时间内经历了地震的大小。 There are three main types of fault, all of which may cause an interplate earthquake: normal, reverse (thrust) and strike-slip. Normal and reverse faulting are examples of dip-slip, where the displacement along the fault is in the direction of dip and movement on them involves a vertical component. Normal faults occur mainly in areas where the crust is being extended such as a divergent boundary. Reverse faults occur in areas where the crust is being shortened such as at a convergent boundary. Strike-slip faults are steep structures where the two sides of the fault slip horizontally past each other; transform boundaries are a particular type of strike-slip fault. Many earthquakes are caused by movement on faults that have components of both dip-slip and strike-slip; this is known as oblique slip. 有故障的三种主要类型,所有这些都可能导致板内地震:正常,反(逆) 和走滑。正常和逆冲断层倾滑的例子,在沿断层的位移是倾斜的运动方向上包括一个垂直分量。正常的故障主要发生在区域地壳被扩展,如发散边界。逆断层发生的地区,地壳缩短如在会聚边界。走滑断层陡构造,断层两侧水平过去彼此;变换边界是一种特定类型的走滑断层。许多地震是由具有倾滑和走滑断层的运动引起的成分;这被称为斜滑。 The earth is divided into three layers: the center layer is the core, the middle is the outer layer of the crust mantle. The mean radius of the earth is about 6370 km, the crustal thickness is about 35 kilometers, the most destructive earthquake occurred in the earth's crust. But the earthquake not only occurred in the crust, may also occur in the asthenosphere. According to the seismic section determination of deep earthquakes generally occur in the underground 300-700 km. So far, the deepest known source is 720 kilometers. From this point of view, the traditional plates the formation fracture theory can not reasonably explain the deep earthquakes, because the 720 km deep solid matter does not exist. Scientists think the earthout of the picture, it is of great help to predict earthquakes. 地球分为三层:中心层是地核,中间是地幔,外层是地壳。地球的平均半径为6370公里左右,地壳厚度为35公里左右,大多数破坏性地震就发生在地壳内。但地震不仅发生在地壳之中,也会发生在软流层当中。据地震部门测定,深源地震一般发生在地下300-700公里处。 到目前为止,已知的最深的震源是720公里。从这一点来看,传统的板块挤压地层断裂学说并不能合理解释深源地震,因为720公里深处并不存在固态物质。科学家设想将地球岩石图画出来,这样对预测地震有很大帮助。 Seismic activity in China are mainly distributed in 5 regions, these 5 areas are: Taiwan provinceand its adjacent waters; Southwest China, including Tibet, central Sichuan and Western Yunnan; the western region, mainly in Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia, Hexi Corridor, Xinjiang north and south of the Tianshan Mountains; North China, mainly in Taihang Mountain, on both sides of the Fen Wei River Valley and the Yanshan area, central Shandong and the Gulf of Bohai;southeast coastal area, Guangdong, Fujian and other places. 中国的地震活动主要分布在5个地区,这5个地区是:台湾省及其附近海域;西南地区,包括西藏、四川中西部和云南中西部;西部地区,主要在甘肃河西走廊、青海、宁夏以及新疆天山南北麓;华北地区,主要在太行山两侧、汾渭河谷、阴山—燕山一带、山东中部和渤海湾;东南沿海地区,广东、福建等地。