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贺麟与黑格尔《小逻辑》

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贺麟与黑格尔《小逻辑》贺麟与黑格尔《小逻辑》 杨祖陶 转载按语:陆陆续续学习了黑格尔的哲学,懵懵懂懂的。但领悟到黑格尔哲学最精髓的最具有生命力的思想是:高扬理性的力量,这力量源于它不怕矛盾、否定和由此而来的痛苦,并在自身内展开对立面的斗争克服矛盾、对否定进行再否定,这样循环往复地发展自已,直到自身圆满的境地。它要求个人在实际的生活过程中,对对象要勇敢面对,既要运用知识与逻辑认知对象,把握定在与实在;又要在与不符合自己目的的对象中不断的反复的磨砺与斗争中,实现目的。达到认识自我、认识世界,达到人与世界的理性和解。 感谢贺麟、杨祖陶、...

贺麟与黑格尔《小逻辑》
贺麟与黑格尔《小逻辑》 杨祖陶 转载按语:陆陆续续学习了黑格尔的哲学,懵懵懂懂的。但领悟到黑格尔哲学最精髓的最具有生命力的思想是:高扬理性的力量,这力量源于它不怕矛盾、否定和由此而来的痛苦,并在自身内展开对立面的斗争克服矛盾、对否定进行再否定,这样循环往复地发展自已,直到自身圆满的境地。它要求个人在实际的生活过程中,对对象要勇敢面对,既要运用知识与逻辑认知对象,把握定在与实在;又要在与不符合自己目的的对象中不断的反复的磨砺与斗争中,实现目的。达到认识自我、认识世界,达到人与世界的理性和解。 感谢贺麟、杨祖陶、张世英、邓晓芒等前辈,引领我学习黑格尔哲学,体悟真正哲学的精妙与智慧。 在我国学界,提到黑格尔的《小逻辑》,就会想到它的中文译者——已故著名哲学家、教育家、翻译家、黑格尔哲学专家贺麟;而一提到贺麟,也就会首先想到他的脍炙人口的权威性译著《小逻辑》。贺麟的名字与《小逻辑》如此紧密地不可分割地联系在一起,表明了他的这部译著在我国学术界极其广泛而深入的影响。 黑格尔的《小逻辑》也即是他1817年出版的体系性著作《哲学全书纲要》的第一部分“逻辑学”。它是黑格尔于1812-1816年分三册出版的《逻辑科学》(通称“大逻辑”)的简写本。它以简练紧凑的笔法勾画出了黑格尔逻辑学体系的轮廓和要点,而将对范畴的内容和相互转化的详尽系统的发挥留待课堂口头讲述。现在通行的《小逻辑》包含两方面的内容:一是黑格尔亲自写就、并于1827和1830年修订补充的正文;一是后人整理学生课堂笔记而成的、附在正文之后的“附释”。所以,《小逻辑》既是《大逻辑》的提要,又是其补充和发挥,最200 Yuan, construction person in charge a fine of 50 Yuan. (8) no permit to work and the job in accordance with the provisions, on the job unit fined 300 yuan, the unit will charge a fine of 100 Yuan. 7.5.3 accident penalties (1) injuries fatalities directly punished 1~2 million. Direct responsibility for the accident and have the corresponding responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions, should be brought to the company or the relevant Department. (2) personal injury accident occurred, the direct punishment 0.5-10,000 yuan, responsible for the direct responsibility for the accident and the responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions should be dealt with by the personnel Department of the company. (3) personal injury accident occurs, the direct punishment 500-1000, who is directly responsible for the accident responsibility, give notice of criticism and 50-100 economic sanctions against them. (4) to conceal the accident, reported without undue delay or false, to inform the administrative leadership of the criticism, resulting in serious consequences, the pursuit of leadership, along with 500-1000 punishment. (5) significant near miss should be attempted as the case of responsible for the accident and construction team injuries accident penalty provisions, mutatis mutandis. Eight, should perform in the construction standards and specifications, serial number a 1 GB3323-2005 steel fusion welded butt joints, welding engineering-Ray lighting and quality rating of 2 GB11345-89 steel welds manual methods of ultrasonic inspection and testing results for grade 3 GB50236-2002 industrial pipe welding engineering code for construction and acceptance of field equipment 4 HGJ222-92 technical specification for welding of aluminium and its alloys 5 low temperature 足以代表黑格尔晚年成熟的逻辑学体系。这个逻辑学体系已不是传统意义上的形式逻辑体系,而是逻辑学、本体论(即形而上学)、认识论和方法论(即辩证法)四者统一的逻辑学体系。这样的逻辑学不是凭空出现、也不是黑格尔臆想出来的,它是从柏拉图、亚里士多德以来的西方哲学、特别是从康德开始的德国古典哲学历史发展的产物,是黑格尔对这整个发展过程的精华、轨迹和规律的概括和总结的成果。在这个意义上,黑格尔逻辑学是真正理解西方古典哲学、深入其堂奥的必经的入口或通道。黑格尔认为逻辑学在其哲学体系中占有特殊地位,它负有向构成其体系的两门实在哲学、即作为《哲学全书》第二部分的“自然哲学”和第三部分的“精神哲学”提供逻辑学的、本体论的、认识论的和方法论的基础和原则的使命,为了标明这一点,他把这两门实在哲学称之为“应用逻辑学”。所以,黑格尔逻辑学是他的哲学体系的根本,抓不住这个根本,就抓不住整个黑格尔哲学。由于黑格尔逻辑学是逻辑学、本体论、认识论和方法论的统一,这就为辩证法之成为一门系统的科学创造了必要的前提,而它本身就包含有一个完整的辩证法大纲,因而也就是辩证法之上升为科学系统的决定性的第一步。所以,为了懂得什么是辩证法,为了弄通黑格尔辩证法和真正理解马克思辩证法,“先读《哲学全书》的《小逻辑》是很好的办法”(恩格斯语)。黑格尔哲学著作素以晦涩艰深著称,其中又以逻辑学为最。这不仅是指文字表达,而且首先是指其哲理意蕴。通常说小逻辑明白易懂,这只不过是相对于大逻辑来说而已。因此,黑格尔的逻辑学著作,首先就是《小逻辑》,要进入中国学界,为中国学界了解,绝非易事。关键在于,它要选择到能够胜任的、合格的译者,将其译为中国人乐于接受、可阅读和可理解的中文译本。这样的译者它终于找到了,这就是贺麟先生。 这是因为,当时不惑之年的贺麟已是我国学界著名的学贯中西古今的学者。他既对西方哲学、尤其是斯宾诺莎、康德、黑格尔哲学有专门精湛的研究,又对中国哲学有真切独到的领会,而且在中西哲学的会通上卓有建树,创立了饮誉学坛的“新心学”或“新陆王”学派。再者,他不仅中国文字功夫深厚,精通英、德语,而且一贯重视翻译,对翻译进行过认真的研究和思考,形成了自己的翻译理念。他要求译文“能信能达且有艺术功力”,即能“融会原作之意,体现原作 100 economic sanctions against them. (4) to conceal the accident, reported without undue-1000, who is directly responsible for the accident responsibility, give notice of criticism and 50-pany. (3) personal injury accident occurs, the direct punishment 500ing administrative sanctions should be dealt with by the personnel Department of the com10,000 yuan, responsible for the direct responsibility for the accident and the responsibility of leadership, such as concern-cident occurred, the direct punishment 0.5ry ac, such as concerning administrative sanctions, should be brought to the company or the relevant Department. (2) personal injudirectly punished 1~2 million. Direct responsibility for the accident and have the corresponding responsibility of leadership s, on the job unit fined 300 yuan, the unit will charge a fine of 100 Yuan. 7.5.3 accident penalties (1) injuries fatalities200 Yuan, construction person in charge a fine of 50 Yuan. (8) no permit to work and the job in accordance with the provisionfor welding of aluminium and its alloys 5 low temperature92 technical specification -2002 industrial pipe welding engineering code for construction and acceptance of field equipment 4 HGJ222-89 steel welds manual methods of ultrasonic inspection and testing results for grade 3 GB50236-quality rating of 2 GB11345Ray lighting and -2005 steel fusion welded butt joints, welding engineering-standards and specifications, serial number a 1 GB3323 ident and construction team injuries accident penalty provisions, mutatis mutandis. Eight, should perform in the construction1000 punishment. (5) significant near miss should be attempted as the case of responsible for the acc-eadership, along with 500delay or false, to inform the administrative leadership of the criticism, resulting in serious consequences, the pursuit of l2 之神,使已之译文如出自己之口,如宣自己之意”(见贺麟:《黑格尔哲学讲演录》第642-643)。他据此翻译出版的西方学者关于黑格尔哲学的著作,深受学界赞许。贺麟1941年着手翻译《小逻辑》之前,在三十年代中期,也有人翻译出版过黑格尔的逻辑学著作,但都没有流传开来,更说不上有什么影响。有鉴于此,贺麟先生本着对黑格尔哲学的真情挚爱和使国人能与他共享黑格尔哲学真谛的使命感,毅然决然地担当起了翻译黑格尔《小逻辑》一书的重任。 贺麟先生着手翻译《小逻辑》之初,进展甚缓。造成这种情况的因素很多。 首先由于先生当时是第一次译黑格尔本人的著作,他的态度特别严肃认真。他不是根据任何一个单独的版本来译,而是根据1929年出版的《格罗克纳本小逻辑》、1919年再版的《拉松本小逻辑》和1892年牛津版《瓦拉士英译本小逻辑》三个版本相互参照、分别吸取它们的优点、订正它们的错误来译的。不言而喻,这样做,特别是在开始阶段速度必然缓慢。其次,《小逻辑》几乎包含有西方传统形而上学、逻辑学所有的重要名词概念,同时,还有不少黑格尔自创的名词概念。先生历来对译名特别慎重,主张译名要有中西文字学和哲学史的根据,已有的译名必须慎重订正,对来自日本的译名更须取严格的批判的态度,没有现成译名不得不自铸新名的,须极审慎并说明其理由。在1954年三联版《小逻辑》的“译者引言”中对为什么Begriff不译“概念”而译“总念”、 Das Allgemeine不译“普遍者”或“一般者”而译“共相”,Verstand不译“悟性”而译“知性”等所作的详细解释,就足以说明贺麟先生对译名之慎重和严密思考。这也不能不影响翻译初期的速度。 再者,翻译本来就是难事,而现在要翻的是先生从来未译过的黑格尔本人以晦涩艰深难懂著称的著作,他感到翻译起来不似其他翻译工作那么顺当,而是往往要反复修改,有时改错了还得重来。只有在积累了足够对付黑格尔的思辨表达方式和笨拙语句的经验以后,速度才会加快。 还有,先生历来主张翻译要以吃透原作为条件,翻译必须与研究相结合,他边译边对小逻辑一书进行系统的研究。他还提倡教学与研究结合,因而将其研究成果于1943-1944学年在西南联大哲学系开设了“黑格尔的理则(逻辑)学”课 1000 punishment. (5) significant near m-criticism, resulting in serious consequences, the pursuit of leadership, along with 500 inst them. (4) to conceal the accident, reported without undue delay or false, to inform the administrative leadership of the100 economic sanctions aga-1000, who is directly responsible for the accident responsibility, give notice of criticism and 50-t 500ns should be dealt with by the personnel Department of the company. (3) personal injury accident occurs, the direct punishmening administrative sanctio10,000 yuan, responsible for the direct responsibility for the accident and the responsibility of leadership, such as concern-the company or the relevant Department. (2) personal injury accident occurred, the direct punishment 0.5t to cident and have the corresponding responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions, should be broughof 100 Yuan. 7.5.3 accident penalties (1) injuries fatalities directly punished 1~2 million. Direct responsibility for the ac s, on the job unit fined 300 yuan, the unit will charge a fine200 Yuan, construction person in charge a fine of 50 Yuan. (8) no permit to work and the job in accordance with the provision92 technical specification for welding of aluminium and its alloys 5 low temperature-ptance of field equipment 4 HGJ2222002 industrial pipe welding engineering code for construction and acce-89 steel welds manual methods of ultrasonic inspection and testing results for grade 3 GB50236-Ray lighting and quality rating of 2 GB11345-sion welded butt joints, welding engineering2005 steel fu-s, mutatis mutandis. Eight, should perform in the construction standards and specifications, serial number a 1 GB3323iss should be attempted as the case of responsible for the accident and construction team injuries accident penalty provision3 程,讲课记录稿经他修订于1948年作为“北京大学五十周年校庆纪念论文”出了单行本。这篇论文简明扼要地阐述了黑格尔逻辑学范畴演进的全过程,浸透着先生的独创见解,今天读来仍能引起进一步阅读黑格尔逻辑学原著的兴趣。这表明贺麟先生这时已在更高层次上融会贯通地掌握了黑格尔小逻辑的体系和精义,他翻译此书的速度也可以加快了。 但是,先生自己所说的“外务纷扰工作不集中”,则是翻译进展缓慢的主要原因。可以说这种情况在北平临近解放前才有所改变。那时国民党当局已为他订好机票,三次要他飞离北平。先生自信一生所作所为均是为学术、为民族、为国家,且舍不得离开北大的同学与同事,就毫不动摇地留了下来。从这时起,他就全力投入小逻辑的翻译,坚信这本书对于进步事业和追求真理有大用。我和先生班上的其他同学,目睹先生每天准时从中老胡同宿舍到北大图书馆内他的研究室进行翻译工作、又准时回家的情景,都不由自主地把这比之于康德当年每天准时出现在哥尼斯堡街头散步的情景,对先生景仰之情就更加浓厚了。 由于上述种种情况,到北平解放为止,先生就只译了全书的一半,约十一、二万字。北平解放之初,先生虽然个人处境并非十分顺畅,但从新的学习中仍然得到不少新的启示和鼓舞,使他很兴奋地在半年内就顺畅地译出了书的另一半。作为学养浓厚的爱国学者,他刻意赶在1949年9月30日前译完全书,以之作为一种小小的礼物来表示庆祝十月一日中央人民政府成立的热忱。但是先生并没有急于送出译稿,而是在请友人校阅的基础上又把译稿从头到尾地校改了一遍,与此同时还把部分译稿发到所开设的“黑格尔哲学研究”的课堂上,让同学们对照德文本、英译本学习和讨论,以便对译文提出意见和建议,供他参考。 令我难忘的是,先生的这门课是他解放后第一次讲授黑格尔《小逻辑》,而我万分有幸赶在北大学习的最后一个学年里选修了它。那时哲学系的学生本来就很少,加之好些解放前夕离校到解放区去了,剩下的学生更是寥寥无几。我们那个课堂上充其量也就只有十来个人。这门课实际上是个研讨班,上学期学习黑格尔《小逻辑》,下学期学习列宁的《黑格尔〈逻辑学〉一书摘要》。每次上课先由先生讲解一小段小逻辑(有时先生也指定一位同学讲解,他作补充),然后大家 -eadership, along with 500delay or false, to inform the administrative leadership of the criticism, resulting in serious consequences, the pursuit of l 100 economic sanctions against them. (4) to conceal the accident, reported without undue-1000, who is directly responsible for the accident responsibility, give notice of criticism and 50-pany. (3) personal injury accident occurs, the direct punishment 500ing administrative sanctions should be dealt with by the personnel Department of the com10,000 yuan, responsible for the direct responsibility for the accident and the responsibility of leadership, such as concern-cident occurred, the direct punishment 0.5ry ac, such as concerning administrative sanctions, should be brought to the company or the relevant Department. (2) personal injudirectly punished 1~2 million. Direct responsibility for the accident and have the corresponding responsibility of leadership s, on the job unit fined 300 yuan, the unit will charge a fine of 100 Yuan. 7.5.3 accident penalties (1) injuries fatalities200 Yuan, construction person in charge a fine of 50 Yuan. (8) no permit to work and the job in accordance with the provisionfor welding of aluminium and its alloys 5 low temperature92 technical specification -2002 industrial pipe welding engineering code for construction and acceptance of field equipment 4 HGJ222-89 steel welds manual methods of ultrasonic inspection and testing results for grade 3 GB50236-quality rating of 2 GB11345Ray lighting and -2005 steel fusion welded butt joints, welding engineering-standards and specifications, serial number a 1 GB3323 ident and construction team injuries accident penalty provisions, mutatis mutandis. Eight, should perform in the construction1000 punishment. (5) significant near miss should be attempted as the case of responsible for the acc4 自由发言讨论,随堂听课的助教王太庆、研究生徐家昌发言自然要多些。我当时学德语,因而也就对照德文本来读先生发给我们的译稿,间或也提出一些翻译方面的问题和意见。讨论一般都很热烈,有时争论不下,但气氛始终融洽。先生极有耐心和兴趣地听取大家的发言,最后针对疑难问题进行小结。他在讲解中总是旁征博引,汇合中外古今,风趣盎然、明白易懂地引导我们透过黑格尔艰深晦涩的思辨外壳去领会黑格尔思想的实质;而他更为着力的,是以通俗的比喻,生动的语言,启发诱导我们去认识和体会到研究黑格尔逻辑学非同一般的意义所在。如他说:现在解放了,国民党留下的汽车等都可以用,只是换个牌子,黑格尔逻辑学中有许多道理与马克思主义哲学有相通之处,过去在战争环境下没有机会研究,现在为什么不能加以研究改造为人民所用呢,同学们一致感到,听先生的课,如坐春风,受益匪浅。 正是在先生的课堂上,从先生的译稿中,我初次接触到黑格尔的《小逻辑》,从那时起我就与这部西方古典哲学名著结下了不解之缘;先生当年赠送给我的那本1950年上海商务版的黑格尔《小逻辑》中译本我一直珍藏着,这个本子还是直排、繁体字的,外文名词要把书转90度来看。书的纸虽早已变黄,但它每一页上我留下的密密麻麻的字迹,却从一个侧面记录了我对照德文原著刻苦攻读小逻辑的历程。初读《小逻辑》是同我当时如饥似渴地阅读大量马列主义经典著作相互平行而又交织在一起进行的,它使我形成了一种没有黑格尔就没有马克思,没有马克思就不能洞见黑格尔真谛的信念。正因为这样,毕业留系工作后不久,我也就很乐意调去从事马列主义基础的教学工作和协助苏联专家指导研究生班。可是,对马克思哲学了解得越多,我就越发觉得不真正了解黑格尔哲学也就无法真正了解马克思哲学,我对黑格尔哲学的依恋也就越来越深。这样,1956年底我就重新回到了哲学系外国哲学史教研室,1959年又受命调往武汉大学哲学系任教。六十年代初,我再读黑格尔《小逻辑》,是为了根据它所展示的概念从纯存在到绝对理念的自我发展和自我认识的辩证逻辑进程,来进一步弄清楚应如何理解马克思的唯物辩证逻辑及其运用,以便以它为指南编写出一部自己的以探索和揭示德国古典哲学内在逻辑进程为目标的讲义。我得到的启示和形成的观点 inst them. (4) to conceal the accident, reported without undue delay or false, to inform the administrative leadership of the100 economic sanctions aga-1000, who is directly responsible for the accident responsibility, give notice of criticism and 50-t 500ns should be dealt with by the personnel Department of the company. (3) personal injury accident occurs, the direct punishmening administrative sanctio10,000 yuan, responsible for the direct responsibility for the accident and the responsibility of leadership, such as concern-the company or the relevant Department. (2) personal injury accident occurred, the direct punishment 0.5t to cident and have the corresponding responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions, should be broughof 100 Yuan. 7.5.3 accident penalties (1) injuries fatalities directly punished 1~2 million. Direct responsibility for the ac s, on the job unit fined 300 yuan, the unit will charge a fine200 Yuan, construction person in charge a fine of 50 Yuan. (8) no permit to work and the job in accordance with the provision92 technical specification for welding of aluminium and its alloys 5 low temperature-ptance of field equipment 4 HGJ2222002 industrial pipe welding engineering code for construction and acce-89 steel welds manual methods of ultrasonic inspection and testing results for grade 3 GB50236-Ray lighting and quality rating of 2 GB11345-sion welded butt joints, welding engineering2005 steel fu-s, mutatis mutandis. Eight, should perform in the construction standards and specifications, serial number a 1 GB3323iss should be attempted as the case of responsible for the accident and construction team injuries accident penalty provision1000 punishment. (5) significant near m-criticism, resulting in serious consequences, the pursuit of leadership, along with 500 5 是:必须把德国古典哲学理解和展示为围绕其固有的内在矛盾、即主体能动性和客体制约性这对矛盾所展开的从一种哲学形态到另一种哲学形态的螺旋式上升运动,并阐明这个运动同时是人类哲学思维在这一思维时期内从一个思维层次到另一个思维层次的提高,而这一进程的逻辑结论就是马克思的实践唯物论。在这样的思想指引下,在上世纪的“三年困难时期”连人的生存都成了问题的极端困苦的条件下,我边教学边赶写讲义陆陆续续发给学生,最后装订成册终于成为一本40余万字的独特的德国古典哲学的讲义,又从中抽绎出了一篇5万余字的论文“从法国唯物主义到德国唯心主义”,而这一著述活动的最终成果就是在30年后正式出版的我的那部被誉为“哲学史方法论典范”的《德国古典哲学逻辑进程》。80年代初,除了开设“康德《纯粹理性批判》研究”课程之外,我也想像贺麟先生那样通过讲解黑格尔《小逻辑》的课程来影响和培养后学。这样就开始了我三读黑格尔《小逻辑》的过程。这次研读不仅使我能够原原本本地向学生讲授《小逻辑》的主要内容,使一些同学在改革开放的新形势下开始读《小逻辑》并能坚持下去。更有意思的是,在研读过程中我还撰写了一些探讨黑格尔逻辑学的对象和方法及其意义的论文。其中《黑格尔逻辑学中的主体性》一文在一次国际学术讨论会上竟然使与会的国外著名学者专家感到惊讶,他们说通过这篇文章意外地在中国看到了对黑格尔哲学的如此精深的研究。抚今追昔,饮水思源,我从内心深深地感觉到:贺麟先生当年指导我们学习研讨黑格尔《小逻辑》的课堂像播种机,在我原本瘠薄的心田里埋下了一粒种子,先生汉译的黑格尔《小逻辑》等等著作以及他严谨的治学精神像阳光、雨露、沃土,照射、滋润、培育和促使这粒种子生长、开花结果。 贺麟先生在课程快要结束时,在对自己的小逻辑译稿经过长达半年时间的校订之后,才把它送交上海商务印书馆,于1950年正式出版发行,这是新中国成立之后出版的首部汉译外国学术著作。由于日益高涨的理论学习的需要,译文经译者作了某些修订后于1954年由三联书店出版,到1958年就印了4次。1959年起改由商务印书馆出版,到1962年又印行了3次。至此,前后累计印行了8次共8万余册。这是一个不小的数字。上世纪70年代末,译者依据几种德文版 ident and construction team injuries accident penalty provisions, mutatis mutandis. Eight, should perform in the construction1000 punishment. (5) significant near miss should be attempted as the case of responsible for the acc-eadership, along with 500delay or false, to inform the administrative leadership of the criticism, resulting in serious consequences, the pursuit of l 100 economic sanctions against them. (4) to conceal the accident, reported without undue-1000, who is directly responsible for the accident responsibility, give notice of criticism and 50-pany. (3) personal injury accident occurs, the direct punishment 500ing administrative sanctions should be dealt with by the personnel Department of the com10,000 yuan, responsible for the direct responsibility for the accident and the responsibility of leadership, such as concern-cident occurred, the direct punishment 0.5ry ac, such as concerning administrative sanctions, should be brought to the company or the relevant Department. (2) personal injudirectly punished 1~2 million. Direct responsibility for the accident and have the corresponding responsibility of leadership s, on the job unit fined 300 yuan, the unit will charge a fine of 100 Yuan. 7.5.3 accident penalties (1) injuries fatalities200 Yuan, construction person in charge a fine of 50 Yuan. (8) no permit to work and the job in accordance with the provisionfor welding of aluminium and its alloys 5 low temperature92 technical specification -2002 industrial pipe welding engineering code for construction and acceptance of field equipment 4 HGJ222-89 steel welds manual methods of ultrasonic inspection and testing results for grade 3 GB50236-quality rating of 2 GB11345Ray lighting and -2005 steel fusion welded butt joints, welding engineering-standards and specifications, serial number a 1 GB33236 本、以确切性为着力点,对译文作了全面的修订,由商务印书馆于1980年7月出了新版,到1981年4月,在短短9个月内就重印了6次计27,500册,后又列入“汉译世界学术名著丛书”,也已多次重印。《小逻辑》是商务印书馆印行的外国学术著作中数量最大的。 《小逻辑》的译文融会贯通了原作的意旨,传神地体现了黑格尔宏大精深的哲学意蕴和高度思辨的辩证思维方式和表达方式,行文流畅、自然、典雅,如出已口,如宣已意,读起来也同听先生讲课一样,有如坐春风之感。这部译著理所当然地被学界人士誉为“中国最成功的西方哲学译作之一”,被认为是“在严复的《天演论》中译本之后,影响最大的学术著作译本”(《会通集》第80、400页)。 现在就来简略地回顾一下贺麟译黑格尔《小逻辑》在我国学界的作用和影响。建国之初,兴起了群众性的学习马克思主义的运动。知识分子,特别是理论工作者和哲学工作者越来越把兴趣和注意力指向马克思主义哲学。正是在这种情况下,贺译《小逻辑》的出版受到了人们的热烈欢迎。他们把《小逻辑》看成是能够真正从理论上帮助自己学习马克思主义哲学经典著作、加深对马克思主义辩证法的的理解和把握的参考书和遇到有关问题随时向之求教的手册。没有亲身经历过这一学习运动的人,是很难想象当时人们对《小逻辑》的这种欢迎和信赖的。在这个历史时期里,贺译《小逻辑》在推动马克思主义的学习上起了不可忽视的积极作用。 随着马克思主义学习的的深入和理论水平的提高,人们对于《小逻辑》的兴趣也不知不觉地发生了变化:不是仅仅停留在通过它来学习马克思主义辩证法上;而是要进一步通过它来了解作为马克思主义哲学来源的黑格尔哲学本身,《小逻辑》被认为是了解黑格尔哲学思想的入门。1955年贺麟先生应邀向新闻报刊工作者作介绍黑格尔哲学的 报告 软件系统测试报告下载sgs报告如何下载关于路面塌陷情况报告535n,sgs报告怎么下载竣工报告下载 ,可以说是这种兴趣转变的开始,而1956年“双百方针”的提出和“向科学进军”的号召则使它明显地凸现出来了。此间,贺麟先生在中国人民大学哲学研究生班系统地讲授《小逻辑》的情景标志着这一转变达到了高潮。当年听课者来自四面八方,人数之多,反映之热烈,都是出人意料 1000 punishment. (5) significant near m-criticism, resulting in serious consequences, the pursuit of leadership, along with 500 inst them. (4) to conceal the accident, reported without undue delay or false, to inform the administrative leadership of the100 economic sanctions aga-1000, who is directly responsible for the accident responsibility, give notice of criticism and 50-t 500ns should be dealt with by the personnel Department of the company. (3) personal injury accident occurs, the direct punishmening administrative sanctio10,000 yuan, responsible for the direct responsibility for the accident and the responsibility of leadership, such as concern-the company or the relevant Department. (2) personal injury accident occurred, the direct punishment 0.5t to cident and have the corresponding responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions, should be broughof 100 Yuan. 7.5.3 accident penalties (1) injuries fatalities directly punished 1~2 million. Direct responsibility for the ac s, on the job unit fined 300 yuan, the unit will charge a fine200 Yuan, construction person in charge a fine of 50 Yuan. (8) no permit to work and the job in accordance with the provision92 technical specification for welding of aluminium and its alloys 5 low temperature-ptance of field equipment 4 HGJ2222002 industrial pipe welding engineering code for construction and acce-89 steel welds manual methods of ultrasonic inspection and testing results for grade 3 GB50236-Ray lighting and quality rating of 2 GB11345-sion welded butt joints, welding engineering2005 steel fu-s, mutatis mutandis. Eight, should perform in the construction standards and specifications, serial number a 1 GB3323iss should be attempted as the case of responsible for the accident and construction team injuries accident penalty provision7 的。很值得注意的一点是,听者肯定而且要求先生的讲授要以“客观的介绍”为主,这表明了人们渴望原原本本地了解黑格尔哲学本身的迫切心情。应运而生的是,哲学界出现了研究和解释黑格尔哲学、首先是其逻辑学的新作品。例如,对黑格尔哲学早有造诣的、贺先生的早年弟子张世英先生1959年出版了把“大逻辑”和“小逻辑”综合起来系统论述黑格尔辩证法思想的《论黑格尔的逻辑学》,这是一部极有价值和影响的著作;1982年他又推出了《黑格尔,小逻辑,绎注》以帮助读者弄懂原著,书中引用《小逻辑》原文的词句几乎都引自贺译《小逻辑》。又如,姜丕之先生原本是宣传和新闻工作者,在“向科学进军”的热潮中转到中国科学院哲学社会科学部专门研究黑格尔哲学。在攻读《小逻辑》期间,他两周向贺麟先生当面求教和讨论一次,经多年钻研和思考后,于1963年出版了《黑格尔,小逻辑,浅释》一书,对贺译《小逻辑》逐节进行通俗的讲解,1983年他又推出了《黑格尔,大逻辑,选释》一书,为黑格尔逻辑学的学习与普及作出了自己的贡献。但是,众所周知,通过小逻辑学习马克思主义辩证法和了解黑格尔哲学、甚至进而了解康德以来的德国古典哲学以及古希腊以来的西方古典哲学的趋向在“十年动乱”期间沉寂了,而在改革开放后又以更大的规模涌现。的确,贺麟先生译的《小逻辑》在引导人们进入黑格尔哲学以及黑格尔总其成的西方古典哲学、使人们达到高层次的哲学认识和获得严格的思维训练上,在造就新一代西方哲学的研究者和爱好者的事业中,作出了不可磨灭的杰出贡献。 但是,黑格尔《小逻辑》在神州大地上的深远影响还远不止于此。贯穿在《小逻辑》中的基本思想,即理性,精神或思维在不断自相矛盾、自我否定中由低到高自己发展着的这个思想,是西方理性主义发展的高峰,也是辩证法思想发展的高峰,是这两者的完美合一。黑格尔高扬理性的力量,这力量源于它不怕矛盾、否定和由此而来的痛苦,并在自身内展开对立面的斗争克服矛盾、对否定进行再否定,这样循环往复地发展自已,直到自身圆满的境地。(这正是黑格尔哲学最精髓的最具有生命力的思想啊。)黑格尔的晦涩难懂及其唯心主义的神秘云雾都不能完全遮蔽、更不用说扼杀这一基本思想的批判的、革命的光芒和力量。这是细心的读者在阅读中都能或多或少地感受和领会到,并因而从中得到启示、鼓 eadership, along with 500delay or false, to inform the administrative leadership of the criticism, resulting in serious consequences, the pursuit of l 100 economic sanctions against them. (4) to conceal the accident, reported without undue-1000, who is directly responsible for the accident responsibility, give notice of criticism and 50-pany. (3) personal injury accident occurs, the direct punishment 500ing administrative sanctions should be dealt with by the personnel Department of the com10,000 yuan, responsible for the direct responsibility for the accident and the responsibility of leadership, such as concern-cident occurred, the direct punishment 0.5ry ac, such as concerning administrative sanctions, should be brought to the company or the relevant Department. (2) personal injudirectly punished 1~2 million. Direct responsibility for the accident and have the corresponding responsibility of leadership s, on the job unit fined 300 yuan, the unit will charge a fine of 100 Yuan. 7.5.3 accident penalties (1) injuries fatalities200 Yuan, construction person in charge a fine of 50 Yuan. (8) no permit to work and the job in accordance with the provisionfor welding of aluminium and its alloys 5 low temperature92 technical specification -2002 industrial pipe welding engineering code for construction and acceptance of field equipment 4 HGJ222-89 steel welds manual methods of ultrasonic inspection and testing results for grade 3 GB50236-quality rating of 2 GB11345Ray lighting and -2005 steel fusion welded butt joints, welding engineering-standards and specifications, serial number a 1 GB3323 ident and construction team injuries accident penalty provisions, mutatis mutandis. Eight, should perform in the construction1000 punishment. (5) significant near miss should be attempted as the case of responsible for the acc-8 舞和力量的。例如,著名学者、文学理论家、思想史和学术史专家、现已耄耋之年的王元化先生,1955年受到“胡风反革命集团”冤案的牵连,在隔离审查的第二年被允许读书看报后,就开始第一次读1954年三联版的贺麟译的《小逻辑》。从那时起,在漫长的半个世纪里,这位身为大学教授的学问大家,就孜孜矻矻地三次反复通读《小逻辑》,仅第二次就历时两个多月,写下了11本、共计326面、20万字左右的笔记。在这个过程中他还与老一辈著名学者、西方哲学专家韦卓民先生通信切磋。1997年他以《读黑格尔》为书名将1974年第三次通读《小逻辑》的笔记和读黑格尔《美学》第一卷的笔记影印出版。在书的序文里,他叙述了读《小逻辑》从最初几乎丧失勇气继续读下去、到坚持不懈渐入佳境的心路历程。在小逻辑最初呈现给他的奇异的思辨世界里的艰苦跋涉和往复含玩,他终于体认到黑格尔哲学具有无坚不摧扫除一切迷妄的思想力量,从而使他的思想受到至关重要的比较严格的哲学锻炼。小逻辑关于知性的精辟论述极大地启示了他,使他从多年积累的把认识分为感性和理性两个阶段的“因袭成见”中解放了出来 ,增加了理论勇气,公开宣扬康德、黑格尔的把认识分为感性、知性和理性三阶段的主张。不仅如此,黑格尔关于“精神的伟大力量是不可低估和小视的”至理名言令他心情激荡,增加了他的“生活勇气使他在隔离中不致陷于绝望而不可自拔。可以说,王元化先生晚年的辉煌是与他几次苦读黑格尔《小逻辑》分不开的,正是这本书最先打开了他的心灵,使他可以在黑格尔哲学的知识海洋中汲取无限的智慧。在这里,我还要摘抄《思辩的张力——黑格尔辩证法新探》的作者、我的忘年交、西方哲学的后起之秀邓晓芒教授在该书“后记”(写于1991年)中的一段话,它生动地揭示了他后来致思为学之道和由此取得的多方面、多领域的突出成就与黑格尔小逻辑的深层次的内在联系:“自从1971年春天,我开始在昏暗的煤油灯下啃起了贺麟先生译的黑格尔的《小逻辑》,到今天已有整整二十年了。人们也许很难想像,一百多年前这位西方哲人的思想,曾给了穷乡僻壤中一个挑灯夜读的学子(一个初中毕业的下乡知青——引者注)以怎样的启迪和慰藉。当初,我是为了给阅读马克思《资本论》作准备,才决心去啃这个硬核桃的,我相信列宁所说的:‘不钻研和不理解黑格尔的全部逻辑学,就 criticism, resulting in serious consequences, the pursuit of leadership, along with 500 inst them. (4) to conceal the accident, reported without undue delay or false, to inform the administrative leadership of the100 economic sanctions aga-1000, who is directly responsible for the accident responsibility, give notice of criticism and 50-t 500ns should be dealt with by the personnel Department of the company. (3) personal injury accident occurs, the direct punishmening administrative sanctio10,000 yuan, responsible for the direct responsibility for the accident and the responsibility of leadership, such as concern-the company or the relevant Department. (2) personal injury accident occurred, the direct punishment 0.5t to cident and have the corresponding responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions, should be broughof 100 Yuan. 7.5.3 accident penalties (1) injuries fatalities directly punished 1~2 million. Direct responsibility for the ac s, on the job unit fined 300 yuan, the unit will charge a fine200 Yuan, construction person in charge a fine of 50 Yuan. (8) no permit to work and the job in accordance with the provision92 technical specification for welding of aluminium and its alloys 5 low temperature-ptance of field equipment 4 HGJ2222002 industrial pipe welding engineering code for construction and acce-89 steel welds manual methods of ultrasonic inspection and testing results for grade 3 GB50236-Ray lighting and quality rating of 2 GB11345-sion welded butt joints, welding engineering2005 steel fu-s, mutatis mutandis. Eight, should perform in the construction standards and specifications, serial number a 1 GB3323iss should be attempted as the case of responsible for the accident and construction team injuries accident penalty provision1000 punishment. (5) significant near m-9 不能完全理解马克思的《资本论》,特别是它的第一章’。而在黑格尔‘绝对精神’王国里漫游过后,我虽然并没有像老黑格尔所期望的那样,发现一位玩弄‘理性的狡汁’的上帝,但却真实体验到了人类普遍精神的思想活动那渗透到每个人内心的巨大力量,即理性的力量。面对当时非理性的现实,这股力量鼓励我向一个合理世界不断探寻,并坚信这个合理世界超越于有限性的存在。”在诸如此类的事例中,《小逻辑》显示出了它的更深层次的特殊影响和作用,那就是以理性自身的光芒和力量启示、鼓舞和引导人、特别是处于困境或逆境中的思想者,向着理性自身的目标、循着理性自身的道路运思和前进。 总之,贺麟先生的黑格尔《小逻辑》中译本,在整整半个世纪里,深深地影响了现代中国好几代学人,它对中国人接受和懂得科学的辩证法,领会和把握西方哲学的核心和要义,从而使中国人的哲学思维走上现代化的道路等等方面,起了难以估量的积极作用。当然,这种影响和作用归根到底来自黑格尔的《小逻辑》本身,但是没有贺麟先生的传神似的体现了黑格尔原著的哲思意蕴和表达风格的中译本,它要起到这样的影响和作用也是难以想像的。 贺麟先生离开我们已经十五个年头了,他的经历了半个多世纪风雨的《小逻辑》中译本魅力仍旧,常读常新,依然是黑格尔哲学思想的最佳入门书。但是,先生开创的翻译这部西方哲学经典著作的工作是不会停止不前的,他生前一再修订自己的译文,就意味着他对越来越完善的译本的追求和召唤。可喜的是,他的亲炙弟子梁志学教授已经继承和推进了他的工作:在先生走过的道路上,朝着贺麟先生最后一次全面修订小逻辑译文要在确切性上下工夫的方向前进,根据德文原本(由格罗克纳版重印的米希勒本),完成了小逻辑的重译,并恢复了《哲学全书••第一部分•逻辑学》的书名,由人民出版社2001年底出版了。这是贺麟先生开创的黑格尔《小逻辑》翻译事业中值得关注和重视的新进展和新成果。 (430072 武汉大学哲学学院,2007-01-31, 02-03修订) 原载<德国哲学>(2007年卷) ident and construction team injuries accident penalty provisions, mutatis mutandis. Eight, should perform in the construction1000 punishment. (5) significant near miss should be attempted as the case of responsible for the acc-eadership, along with 500delay or false, to inform the administrative leadership of the criticism, resulting in serious consequences, the pursuit of l 100 economic sanctions against them. (4) to conceal the accident, reported without undue-1000, who is directly responsible for the accident responsibility, give notice of criticism and 50-pany. (3) personal injury accident occurs, the direct punishment 500ing administrative sanctions should be dealt with by the personnel Department of the com10,000 yuan, responsible for the direct responsibility for the accident and the responsibility of leadership, such as concern-cident occurred, the direct punishment 0.5ry ac, such as concerning administrative sanctions, should be brought to the company or the relevant Department. (2) personal injudirectly punished 1~2 million. Direct responsibility for the accident and have the corresponding responsibility of leadership s, on the job unit fined 300 yuan, the unit will charge a fine of 100 Yuan. 7.5.3 accident penalties (1) injuries fatalities200 Yuan, construction person in charge a fine of 50 Yuan. (8) no permit to work and the job in accordance with the provisionfor welding of aluminium and its alloys 5 low temperature92 technical specification -2002 industrial pipe welding engineering code for construction and acceptance of field equipment 4 HGJ222-89 steel welds manual methods of ultrasonic inspection and testing results for grade 3 GB50236-quality rating of 2 GB11345Ray lighting and -2005 steel fusion welded butt joints, welding engineering-standards and specifications, serial number a 1 GB3323 10
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