通用变频器矢量控制的基本原理

通用变频器矢量控制的基本原理 矢量控制的基本原理是通过测量和控制异步电动机定子电流矢量，根据磁场定向原理分别对异步电动机的励磁电流和转矩电流进行控制，从而达到控制异步电动机转矩的目的。具体是将异步电动机的定子电流矢量分解为产生磁场的电流分量 (励磁电流)和产生转矩的电流分量(转矩电流)分别加以控制，并同时控制两分量间的幅值和相位，即控制定子电流矢量，所以称这种控制方式称为矢量控制方式。矢量控制方式又有基于转差频率控制的矢量控制方式、无速度传感器矢量控制方式和有速度传感器的矢量控制方式等。 基于转差频率控制的矢量控制方式同样是在进行U / f ,恒定控制的基础上，通过检测异步电动机的实际速度n，并得到对应的控制频率 f，然后根据希望得到的转矩，分别控制定子电流矢量及两个分量间的相位，对通用变频器的输出频率f进行控制的。基于转差频率控制的矢量控制方式的最大特点是，可以消除动态过程中转矩电流的波动，从而提高了通用变频器的动态性能。早期的矢量控制通用变频器基本上都是采用的基于转差频率控制的矢量控制方式。 无速度传感器的矢量控制方式是基于磁场定向控制理论发展而来的。实现精确的磁场定向矢量控制需要在异步电动机内安装磁通检测装置，要在异步电动机内安装磁通检测装置是很困难的，但人们发现，即使不在异步电动机中直接安装磁通检测装置，也可以在通用变频器内部得到与磁通相应的量，并由此得到了所谓的无速度传感器的矢量控制方式。它的基本控制思想是根据输入的电动机的铭牌参数，按照一定的关系式分别对作为基本控制量的励磁电流(或者磁通)和转矩电流进行检测，并通过控制电动机定子绕组上的电压的频率使励磁电流(或者磁通)和转矩电流的指令值和检测值达到一致，并输出转矩，从而实现矢量控制。 采用矢量控制方式的通用变频器不仅可在调速范围上与直流电动机相匹配，而且可以控制异步电动机产生的转矩。由于矢量控制方式所依据的是准确的被控异步电动机的参数，有的通用变频器在使用时需要准确地输入异步电动机的参数，有的通用变频器需要使用速度传感器和编码器，并需使用厂商指定的变频器专用电动机进行控制，否则难以达到理想的控制效果。目前新型矢量控制通用变频器中已经具备异步电动机参数自动辨识、自适应功能，带有这种功能的通用变频器在驱动异步电动机进行正常运转之前可以自动地对异步电动机的参数进行辨识，并根据辨识结果调整控制算法中的有关参数，从而对普通的异步电动机进行有效的矢量控制。除了上述的无传感器矢量控制和转矩矢量控制等，可提高异步电动机转矩控制性能的技术外，目前的新技术还包括异步电动机控制常数的调节及与机械系统匹配的适应性控制等，以提高异步电动机应用性能的技术。为了防止异步电动机转速偏差以及在低速区域获得较理想的平滑转速，应用大规模集成电路并采用专用数字式自动电压调整(AVR)已实控制技术的控制方式，用化并取得良好的效果 西门子6SE70系列变频器在纸机传动中的应用 老式纸机很多采用单直流电机传动，通过机械分配转速的方式。由于在生产过程中机械磨损、皮带的打滑等因素，造成速度匹配失调，容易形成断纸、厚薄不均等现象。同时由于现场高温潮湿，使电机维护量增加。为了优化产品质量，提高劳动生产率，很多现场已将其改为多电机分部传动，即取消直流电机及其动力的机械传动部分，在每一个传动分部安装交流电机，采用交流多点传动方式。 1( 造纸机对传动控制的要求 造纸机的传动包括网部、压榨部、烘缸、施胶、压光、卷取等分部。其传动为变速传动。 为了生产过程纸页特性变化的需要，造纸机的传动必须能够在一定范围内调节车速，并且各个分部的速度能单独调节。 A. 各分部速度既准确又易于调整。 B. 传动效率高，降低动力10%-15%。 C. 各部分的负荷控制和传动的管理比较方便。 air, keep house air fresh, cooling, moisture, reduce the body temperature of the chicken, which is a measure of the chicken house the first element of the environment. (1) the parameters: ventilation in summer peak demand calculations, 4~5 cubic metres per kilogram of body weight per hour, harmful gas concentration does not exceed 20ppm ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, l0ppm, co 0.15%. (2) ventilation natural ventilation and mechanical ... 5. thermal insulation roof cold season is the region of greatest heat loss, are also hot towel sunlight than any other region, so the roof insulation is the most important region, followed by the walls, if open sheds to make doors and Windows switches freely, and seal well. On most of the walls and roof insulation must be taken or equivalent devices, thermal insulation materials require higher thermal resistance, good thermal insulation properties, and thicken the North wall must also be taken of thickness and measures such as roof and ceiling canopy. In places with more rain, due the eaves of roofs on both sides extending outward. Pheasants (pheasants) farm building (a) site choose pheasant fields should be selected gaozao terrain, sand texture, well drained, slightly to the South of terrain. Mountain areas should be selected under the sunny, spacious, ventilation, sunshine, where the drainage is good. Pheasant farms should be built in a quiet, safe place, away from residential areas, factories, the main traffic artery, but taking into account feed, transportation problems. A clean water source, water is not contaminated. To have a reliable power supply, not only to maintain normal lighting,air, keep house air fresh, cooling, moisture, reduce the body temperature of the chicken, which is a measure of the chicken house the first element of the environment. (1) the parameters: ventilation in summer peak demand calculations, 4~5 cubic metres per kilogram of body weight per hour, harmful gas concentration does not exceed 20ppm ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, l0ppm, co 0.15%. (2) ventilation natural ventilation and mechanical ... 5. thermal insulation roof cold season is the region of greatest heat loss, are also hot towel sunlight than any other region, so the roof insulation is the most important region, followed by the walls, if open sheds to make doors and Windows switches freely, and seal well. On most of the walls and roof insulation must be taken or equivalent devices, thermal insulation materials require higher thermal resistance, good thermal insulation properties, and thicken the North wall must also be taken of thickness and measures such as roof and ceiling canopy. In places with more rain, due the eaves of roofs on both sides extending outward. Pheasants (pheasants) farm building (a) site choose pheasant fields should be selected gaozao terrain, sand texture, well drained, slightly to the South of terrain. Mountain areas should be selected under the sunny, spacious, ventilation, sunshine, where the drainage is good. Pheasant farms should be built in a quiet, safe place, away from residential areas, factories, the main traffic artery, but taking into account feed, transportation problems. A clean water source, water is not contaminated. To have a reliable power supply, not only to maintain normal lighting, D. 便于生产过程的自动控制和调整，降低维护费用和节省劳动力。 2( 变频器选型 根据造纸机对传动的控制需求，选用西门子矢量型变频调速器6SE70，特点如下: A. 工业型变频器，比通用型产品更适合于环境恶劣的工业生产现场。 B. 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 化及模块化。整个变频器的结构非常紧凑，主板及扩展板都有是通过总线插槽连接，各组件接近，便于维修。由于集成度的提高，使装置具有很高的可靠性。 C. 搞于扰性好，运行可靠，不受元器件老化和温度漂移的影响，能长期保持稳定的控制精度。 D. 适应电源电压波动范围广，能自动适应电网频率变化45-65HZ。 E. 具有很强的自诊断处理功能，提供有关故障原因的补充信息，使故障排除更为简单，维护方便。 F. 灵活多变的通讯能力。可采用USS、PEER TO PEER、PROFIBUS-DP、CAN、SIMOLINK等多种方式通讯及联网。 G. 32位CPU全数字控制，组态功能丰富。 H. 可针对具体交流电机进行优化，以达到优良的控制性能。 I. 低速时也能提供额定转矩。 3( 同步 在造纸过程中，保持各传动子系统之间的同步运行是尤为重要的。这种同步，不仅仅是稳速运行时需要同步，而且在加减速的动态过程中也需要保证线速度的一致。为此，我们采取以下两个措施，以达到同步的目的。 3(1提高系统的动态响应 所有变频器都采用光电编码器的反馈方式，通过矢量运算，它能够确定和控制转矩和磁通的电流分量，获得同直流传动相媲美的动态特性。这就从基础上保证了同步的可实现性。 3.2建立速度给定值链 在各个变频器之间建立装置对装置通讯过程，通过此方式能够将速度给定值用数字量迅速而准确地传递给第一个变频器，消除模拟信号传递中由于线路损耗、干扰等带来的信号漂移、干扰所带来的不利影响。各个分部之间不同的机械变化则由变频器内部不同的比例因子控制，从而实现动态与稳态时各分部线速度的恒比例运行。 变频器选件板SCB2具有电隔离的RS485口，可在多功能变频器之间通过X129实现装置对装置的连接。在这里， 我们采用并行接法，将其中一台变频器作为主动装置，其他作为从动装置，这样，主动装置能够将系统线速度给定值传递至从动装置，从而增加了整个系统的可靠性。 通过对纸机生产线的改造，用户认为采用西门子6SE70变频调速系统在提高产品质量、产量、减小日常维护及节能等方面都有显著的优点，完全能够满足生产现场的需要。 SIEMENS SIMATIC S7-300 PLC 在排水泵站 自动化监控系统中的 应用 1、 前言 排水泵站(下简称泵站)作为市政建设和管理工程的主要设施，担负着城市排水防涝的重要任务。从目前国内大部分的泵站控制和管理来看还是处于相当 落后的状况，与国外相比具air, keep house air fresh, cooling, moisture, reduce the body temperature of the chicken, which is a measure of the chicken house the first element of the environment. (1) the parameters: ventilation in summer peak demand calculations, 4~5 cubic metres per kilogram of body weight per hour, harmful gas concentration does not exceed 20ppm ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, l0ppm, co 0.15%. (2) ventilation natural ventilation and mechanical ... 5. thermal insulation roof cold season is the region of greatest heat loss, are also hot towel sunlight than any other region, so the roof insulation is the most important region, followed by the walls, if open sheds to make doors and Windows switches freely, and seal well. On most of the walls and roof insulation must be taken or equivalent devices, thermal insulation materials require higher thermal resistance, good thermal insulation properties, and thicken the North wall must also be taken of thickness and measures such as roof and ceiling canopy. In places with more rain, due the eaves of roofs on both sides extending outward. Pheasants (pheasants) farm building (a) site choose pheasant fields should be selected gaozao terrain, sand texture, well drained, slightly to the South of terrain. Mountain areas should be selected under the sunny, spacious, ventilation, sunshine, where the drainage is good. Pheasant farms should be built in a quiet, safe place, away from residential areas, factories, the main traffic artery, but taking into account feed, transportation problems. A clean water source, water is not contaminated. To have a reliable power supply, not only to maintain normal lighting,air, keep house air fresh, cooling, moisture, reduce the body temperature of the chicken, which is a measure of the chicken house the first element of the environment. (1) the parameters: ventilation in summer peak demand calculations, 4~5 cubic metres per kilogram of body weight per hour, harmful gas concentration does not exceed 20ppm ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, l0ppm, co 0.15%. (2) ventilation natural ventilation and mechanical ... 5. thermal insulation roof cold season is the region of greatest heat loss, are also hot towel sunlight than any other region, so the roof insulation is the most important region, followed by the walls, if open sheds to make doors and Windows switches freely, and seal well. On most of the walls and roof insulation must be taken or equivalent devices, thermal insulation materials require higher thermal resistance, good thermal insulation properties, and thicken the North wall must also be taken of thickness and measures such as roof and ceiling canopy. In places with more rain, due the eaves of roofs on both sides extending outward. Pheasants (pheasants) farm building (a) site choose pheasant fields should be selected gaozao terrain, sand texture, well drained, slightly to the South of terrain. Mountain areas should be selected under the sunny, spacious, ventilation, sunshine, where the drainage is good. Pheasant farms should be built in a quiet, safe place, away from residential areas, factories, the main traffic artery, but taking into account feed, transportation problems. A clean water source, water is not contaminated. To have a reliable power supply, not only to maintain normal lighting, 有很大的差异。 在电气控制上，自动化监控程度低，大部分的泵站仅有单级的常规控制。在管理水平上，大部分泵站的管理 记录 混凝土 养护记录下载土方回填监理旁站记录免费下载集备记录下载集备记录下载集备记录下载 和统计都是手工操作。泵站控制和管理没有形成区域化的网络。随着国民经济的飞速发展，对市政建设和管理提出了更高的要求。所以必需对现有泵站控制和管理进行改造和完善。向国外无人化泵站监控管理发展，以达到减员增效和提高管理水平的目的。该项目是以上海市浦东新区塘桥泵站为实施对象，进行整个泵站的自动化监控和管理的改造。 2.泵站工况概述 塘桥泵站位于上海市浦东新区塘桥路黄浦江边，该泵站主要用于附近地区的污水排放处理和防汛抗涝。服务面积240公顷，总排水量为13.8米3/秒。 2.1设备分布 同大部分的泵站一样，其设备分布平面图如下(图1)所示。 ?进出水闸门:用来防止黄浦江江水倒灌和泵站维修。 ?集水池:地下管道的污水汇集在此集水池，集水池被不锈钢格栅分成内外区，污水由内区流经格栅除污后，到外区排入黄浦江中。集水池内外区边安装有超声波液位仪用来检测内外区水位和水位差。 ?除污机:泵站装有钢丝绳牵引式格栅除污机2台，除污机用于把附于格栅上的垃圾和污物从集水池中提出来处理。 ?变压器房:为保证泵站的可靠工作，泵站建有两座800KVA电力变压器。电力变压器安装有温度监控器监测三相温度，当温度超限能自动启动风机降温和报警。 ?水泵房:塘桥泵站安装了六台180 kW的轴流水泵;在存水房装有水位检测器。 ?控制柜房:房内装有进线柜2台(柜1，13);功率因素补偿柜4台(柜2，3，11，12);泵开关柜(柜4-6，8-10)和联接柜1台(柜7)。 2.2控制要求 以塘桥泵站为设施对象，进行整个泵站的自动化监控和管理的改造。 ?改造泵站的水泵控制开关柜，使之具有就地和远程控制的功能。 ?改造泵站的功率因素补偿柜，能实现就地自动补偿和远程电网监控。 ?改造泵站的变压器房对于变压器A，B，C三相温度进行远程显示，高温报警等功能; ?建立泵站的控制室，对泵站实施三级控制，在控制室内设置自动化监控操作台和信号处理柜。 ?采用SIEMENS的S7-300系列PLC，对整个泵站实现自动化监控 ，水泵将根据泵的状态 ，水位，雨量，电网状况，闸门位置等工况自动投切。 ?通过对水位差的检测，提示或自动投切除污机。 ?采用高性能的10英寸真彩LCD触摸式显示屏，对整个泵站进行动态监控管理，故障报警，工况记录和报 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 打印。 ?预留通信接口，可通过电话线路或DDN网联网进行区域监控和数据传送。 3.硬件系统构成 根据以上要求，我们开发研制了下述这套塘桥泵站自动化监控系统。系统的结构见图2。 主要的配置如下。 3(1 PLC配置 泵站自动化监控系统的PLC采用SIEMENS的S7-300系列。 根据系统要求 ，PLC总体配置如下: ? 中央处理模块(CPU):选用CPU314，内存RAM扩展到64K。 ? 数字量输入模块(DI):选用SM321,共8块(16点/块)。处理128点输入信号。 ? 数字量输出模块(DO):选用SM322,4块为16点/块，4块为8点/块。处理96点输出信air, keep house air fresh, cooling, moisture, reduce the body temperature of the chicken, which is a measure of the chicken house the first element of the environment. (1) the parameters: ventilation in summer peak demand calculations, 4~5 cubic metres per kilogram of body weight per hour, harmful gas concentration does not exceed 20ppm ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, l0ppm, co 0.15%. (2) ventilation natural ventilation and mechanical ... 5. thermal insulation roof cold season is the region of greatest heat loss, are also hot towel sunlight than any other region, so the roof insulation is the most important region, followed by the walls, if open sheds to make doors and Windows switches freely, and seal well. On most of the walls and roof insulation must be taken or equivalent devices, thermal insulation materials require higher thermal resistance, good thermal insulation properties, and thicken the North wall must also be taken of thickness and measures such as roof and ceiling canopy. In places with more rain, due the eaves of roofs on both sides extending outward. Pheasants (pheasants) farm building (a) site choose pheasant fields should be selected gaozao terrain, sand texture, well drained, slightly to the South of terrain. Mountain areas should be selected under the sunny, spacious, ventilation, sunshine, where the drainage is good. Pheasant farms should be built in a quiet, safe place, away from residential areas, factories, the main traffic artery, but taking into account feed, transportation problems. A clean water source, water is not contaminated. To have a reliable power supply, not only to maintain normal lighting,air, keep house air fresh, cooling, moisture, reduce the body temperature of the chicken, which is a measure of the chicken house the first element of the environment. (1) the parameters: ventilation in summer peak demand calculations, 4~5 cubic metres per kilogram of body weight per hour, harmful gas concentration does not exceed 20ppm ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, l0ppm, co 0.15%. (2) ventilation natural ventilation and mechanical ... 5. thermal insulation roof cold season is the region of greatest heat loss, are also hot towel sunlight than any other region, so the roof insulation is the most important region, followed by the walls, if open sheds to make doors and Windows switches freely, and seal well. On most of the walls and roof insulation must be taken or equivalent devices, thermal insulation materials require higher thermal resistance, good thermal insulation properties, and thicken the North wall must also be taken of thickness and measures such as roof and ceiling canopy. In places with more rain, due the eaves of roofs on both sides extending outward. Pheasants (pheasants) farm building (a) site choose pheasant fields should be selected gaozao terrain, sand texture, well drained, slightly to the South of terrain. Mountain areas should be selected under the sunny, spacious, ventilation, sunshine, where the drainage is good. Pheasant farms should be built in a quiet, safe place, away from residential areas, factories, the main traffic artery, but taking into account feed, transportation problems. A clean water source, water is not contaminated. To have a reliable power supply, not only to maintain normal lighting, 号。 ? 模拟量输入模块(AI):选用SM331,共3块(8点/块)。处理24点输入信号。 ? 通信模块:选用CP340,共2块，1块为RS232接口，1块为RS485接口。 PLC采用了四个框架，在RTU信号柜内有三个，其中一个为备用扩展框架;另一个在操作台内，通过IM361扩展连接，这样简化了接线，大大地提高可靠性。 3(2触摸屏配置 触摸屏采用了日本DIGTAL公司的570 HMI(当时SIEMENS还没有此类 现上述要求。HMI是以RS232接口与PLC的CP340连接，采用SIEMENS的HMI)来 实 3964R的 协议 离婚协议模板下载合伙人协议 下载渠道分销协议免费下载敬业协议下载授课协议下载 完 成 通信。 3(3电网监控配置 电网监控采用法国SOCOMEC公司的DIRIS M型的电量监控器，可检测三相四线制 的相电压，线电压，相电流，零线电流，有功无功功率，功率因素，频率及相应的最大值。监控器以RS485接口采用MODBUS协议与PLC的CP340连接，传送电网监控数据。因为泵站是采用 双路电网进线，故应用了两套电量监控器，分别安装两侧进线柜上。 其他的装置的信号都是通过数字量或模拟量点出点入与PLC连接。 图2 4(软件监控实现 塘桥泵站自动化监控系统的软件主要有两部分:PLC监控软件和触摸屏图控软件。 PLC监控 软件由几大模块组成。 4(1系统检测和故障处理模块 系统检测处理所有的输入信号，根据具体情况将作出不同响应。 处理的信号有:六台泵电机的温度和振动;进出水闸门状态;存水房液位;防火防盗安全;两台电源变压器温度;雨量;四台功率因素补偿柜工况;电网工况(电压欠压和过压监控;三相电流过载监控;缺相监控;三相不平衡监控;功率过载监控;功率因素监控;电量累计);污水池水位等。 系统故障分类为三级: 一级故障定义为最高级。当发生此类故障，将禁止所有控制输出。声光报警，记录打印，在显示屏上显示故障类型和解决方法。只有在排除故障，按人工复位键后系统恢复正常工作。 二级故障定义为次级。当发生此类故障时将禁止故障点的控制输出，系统作自动调正继续当前操作。故障报警和恢复同一级故障。 三级故障定义位最低级。当发生此类故障时，仅声光预警，不中断当前操作。根据系统中产生的各种故障实施相关的故障声光报警和记录。此刻触摸式显示屏进入故障报警画面，显示故障内容，性质，地点，时刻和解决 方案 气瓶 现场处置方案 .pdf气瓶 现场处置方案 .doc见习基地管理方案.doc关于群访事件的化解方案建筑工地扬尘治理专项方案下载 ，并打印。 4(2除污机和排水泵的运行处理 泵站有两台除污机,系统对除污机的工况进行监控。故障信号置位，置二级故障报警，由<系统故障处理>模块处理。根据信号状态点亮或熄灭有关指示灯。机同时在触摸式显示屏上显示。当除污机柜上的选择开关选择远控，操作台在泵自动运行前，先进行排污操作。采用水位差检测，则根据水位差标志实施自动排污。在自动排污时，先在现场声光预警，再运行装置。 泵启动柜有六台与操作台相联进行控制。 ?当故障信号置位，置二级故障报警，由<系统故障处理>模块处理。 ?根据信号状态点亮或熄灭有关指示灯。 ?当泵开关柜上的选择开关选择远控，在操作台上可实施四种泵运行方式:手动方式;自动方式;预抽空方式;检修方式。 ?在操作台上对每台泵设置有各自的状态指示灯;手动操作按纽和选择开关。 air, keep house air fresh, cooling, moisture, reduce the body temperature of the chicken, which is a measure of the chicken house the first element of the environment. (1) the parameters: ventilation in summer peak demand calculations, 4~5 cubic metres per kilogram of body weight per hour, harmful gas concentration does not exceed 20ppm ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, l0ppm, co 0.15%. (2) ventilation natural ventilation and mechanical ... 5. thermal insulation roof cold season is the region of greatest heat loss, are also hot towel sunlight than any other region, so the roof insulation is the most important region, followed by the walls, if open sheds to make doors and Windows switches freely, and seal well. On most of the walls and roof insulation must be taken or equivalent devices, thermal insulation materials require higher thermal resistance, good thermal insulation properties, and thicken the North wall must also be taken of thickness and measures such as roof and ceiling canopy. In places with more rain, due the eaves of roofs on both sides extending outward. Pheasants (pheasants) farm building (a) site choose pheasant fields should be selected gaozao terrain, sand texture, well drained, slightly to the South of terrain. Mountain areas should be selected under the sunny, spacious, ventilation, sunshine, where the drainage is good. Pheasant farms should be built in a quiet, safe place, away from residential areas, factories, the main traffic artery, but taking into account feed, transportation problems. A clean water source, water is not contaminated. To have a reliable power supply, not only to maintain normal lighting,air, keep house air fresh, cooling, moisture, reduce the body temperature of the chicken, which is a measure of the chicken house the first element of the environment. (1) the parameters: ventilation in summer peak demand calculations, 4~5 cubic metres per kilogram of body weight per hour, harmful gas concentration does not exceed 20ppm ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, l0ppm, co 0.15%. (2) ventilation natural ventilation and mechanical ... 5. thermal insulation roof cold season is the region of greatest heat loss, are also hot towel sunlight than any other region, so the roof insulation is the most important region, followed by the walls, if open sheds to make doors and Windows switches freely, and seal well. On most of the walls and roof insulation must be taken or equivalent devices, thermal insulation materials require higher thermal resistance, good thermal insulation properties, and thicken the North wall must also be taken of thickness and measures such as roof and ceiling canopy. In places with more rain, due the eaves of roofs on both sides extending outward. Pheasants (pheasants) farm building (a) site choose pheasant fields should be selected gaozao terrain, sand texture, well drained, slightly to the South of terrain. Mountain areas should be selected under the sunny, spacious, ventilation, sunshine, where the drainage is good. Pheasant farms should be built in a quiet, safe place, away from residential areas, factories, the main traffic artery, but taking into account feed, transportation problems. A clean water source, water is not contaminated. To have a reliable power supply, not only to maintain normal lighting, ?单台泵的选择开关有四档:停止;检修;手动和自动。当设置手动档时可实施手动或预抽空操作。在自动档时则允许该泵进入系统自动运行组态。 ?在系统操作上设置有三档的选择开关:停止;自动和预抽空。<停止>禁止所有泵的运行;<自动>允许单台泵选择开关设置在自动档的泵进入自动运行组态。<预抽空>允许单台泵选择开关设置在手动档的泵预抽空运行。 ?泵的启动和停止要延时依次投入和退出。 ?泵的基本联锁条件: A.一级故障，电源故障禁止所有泵运行; B.泵电机故障，泵启动柜故障禁止对应泵运行; C.泵的不同运行要附合上述泵启动柜，操作台之间的正确设置; D.水位联锁。 ?当满足上述不同联锁条件，泵可进入手动，检修,预抽空或自动运行。 ?在泵自动运行时,要根据水位点和水位区来确定需运行的泵数;判断能投入自动组态的泵是否满足上述要求，如不满足，则故障报警;如可组态的泵多于所需投入运行的泵，则依据这些泵运行时间累计数小的泵投入运行。随着水位降低，逐步退出当前运行时间最长的泵。 4(3数据处理和人机界面处理 ?数据统计:泵启动柜交流接触器动作计数;泵运行时间累计;泵站排水量累计;降雨量累计;用电量累计。 ?数据设置:水位值，水位差值和流量值设置;变压器的温度和瓦斯值设置;雨量值设置;泵电机的温度和震动值设置;电力参数设置;防盗有效与否设置。 ?与触摸式显示屏的数据通信:触摸式显示屏采用工业级人机介面。主要完成下列任务:泵站运行监控;故障报警,记录和排除提示;参数设置;模拟键盘操作;数据记录处理;工艺曲线显示;工况模拟显示;泵站概貌显示。 ?打印机打印处理:故障随机打印;运行状态打印;参数设置打印;工作报表打印;动态曲线打印;设备状态打印;数据统计打印;显示屏幕打印。 5(结语 塘桥泵站自动化监控系统自1998年改造至今已近两年，正常运行证明:整个系统设计合理 先进;操作简便;可靠性高;完全符合用户预期的要求，将推广应用至其他地区。 air, keep house air fresh, cooling, moisture, reduce the body temperature of the chicken, which is a measure of the chicken house the first element of the environment. (1) the parameters: ventilation in summer peak demand calculations, 4~5 cubic metres per kilogram of body weight per hour, harmful gas concentration does not exceed 20ppm ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, l0ppm, co 0.15%. (2) ventilation natural ventilation and mechanical ... 5. thermal insulation roof cold season is the region of greatest heat loss, are also hot towel sunlight than any other region, so the roof insulation is the most important region, followed by the walls, if open sheds to make doors and Windows switches freely, and seal well. On most of the walls and roof insulation must be taken or equivalent devices, thermal insulation materials require higher thermal resistance, good thermal insulation properties, and thicken the North wall must also be taken of thickness and measures such as roof and ceiling canopy. In places with more rain, due the eaves of roofs on both sides extending outward. Pheasants (pheasants) farm building (a) site choose pheasant fields should be selected gaozao terrain, sand texture, well drained, slightly to the South of terrain. Mountain areas should be selected under the sunny, spacious, ventilation, sunshine, where the drainage is good. Pheasant farms should be built in a quiet, safe place, away from residential areas, factories, the main traffic artery, but taking into account feed, transportation problems. A clean water source, water is not contaminated. To have a reliable power supply, not only to maintain normal lighting,air, keep house air fresh, cooling, moisture, reduce the body temperature of the chicken, which is a measure of the chicken house the first element of the environment. (1) the parameters: ventilation in summer peak demand calculations, 4~5 cubic metres per kilogram of body weight per hour, harmful gas concentration does not exceed 20ppm ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, l0ppm, co 0.15%. (2) ventilation natural ventilation and mechanical ... 5. thermal insulation roof cold season is the region of greatest heat loss, are also hot towel sunlight than any other region, so the roof insulation is the most important region, followed by the walls, if open sheds to make doors and Windows switches freely, and seal well. On most of the walls and roof insulation must be taken or equivalent devices, thermal insulation materials require higher thermal resistance, good thermal insulation properties, and thicken the North wall must also be taken of thickness and measures such as roof and ceiling canopy. In places with more rain, due the eaves of roofs on both sides extending outward. Pheasants (pheasants) farm building (a) site choose pheasant fields should be selected gaozao terrain, sand texture, well drained, slightly to the South of terrain. Mountain areas should be selected under the sunny, spacious, ventilation, sunshine, where the drainage is good. Pheasant farms should be built in a quiet, safe place, away from residential areas, factories, the main traffic artery, but taking into account feed, transportation problems. A clean water source, water is not contaminated. To have a reliable power supply, not only to maintain normal lighting,