口译速记的方法之一

口译速记的方法之一 口译速记的方法之一 (缩略 形象速记 自我体系) 缩略词的写法一般为四种方式: 1.拿掉所有元音 MKT: market MGR: manager MSG: message STD: standard RCV: receive 2.保留前几个字母 INFO information INS insurance EXCH exchange I owe you IOU In stead of I/O 3.保留开头和结尾的发音字母 WK week RM room PL people 4.根据发音 R are THO though THRU through 高级口译听力常用英语缩略词表 缩略词 原词 APT Apartment ACC Accountant ACDG According ACPT Accept AD Advertisement ADS Address ADV Advice AMAP As much/many as possible AMT Amount APV Approve accident occurs, the direct punishment 500-1000, who is directly responsible for the accident responsibility, give notice of criticism and 50-100 economic sanctions against them. (4) to conceal the accident, reported without undue delay or false, to inform the administrative leadership of the criticism, resulting in serious consequences, the pursuit of leadership, along with 500-1000 punishment. (5) significant near miss should be attempted as the case of responsible for the accident and construction team injuries accident penalty provisions, mutatis mutandis. Eight, should perform in the construction standards and specifications, serial number a 1 GB3323-2005 steel fusion welded butt joints, welding engineering-Ray lighting and quality rating of 2 GB11345-89 steel welds manual methods of ultrasonic inspection and testing results for grade 3 GB50236-2002 industrial pipe welding engineering code for construction and acceptance of field equipment 4 HGJ222-92 technical specification for welding of aluminium and its alloys 5 low temperature steel welding procedure 6 SH3525-2004 petrochemical JB/ T4708-2000 of welding procedure qualification for steel pressure vessels 7 JB/4709-2000 8 JB4730-2005 pressure vessel welding procedures of steel pressure vessel NDT 9 JB/T4744-2000 steel pressure vessel products mechanical properties test of welded plate II, mechanical equipment installation engineering 1 GB150-98 2 GB50128-2005 vertical cylindrical steel pressure vessel steel welding specification for construction and acceptance of oil tank 3 JB/ T4735-1997 steel welded atmospheric pressure vessel 4 GB50231-2009 mechanical equipment installation ASAP As soon as possible BAL Balance BLDG Building CERT Certificate CFM Conform CNCL Cancel CNF Conference CMI Commission CMP Complete CMPE Compete/competitive CMU Communication CONC Concern/concerning/concerned COND Condition CO. Company DEPT Department DISC Discount DPT Departure EXCH Exchange EXPLN Explain EXT Extent FLT Flight FNT Final FRT Freight FYR For your reference GD Good GUAR Guarantee H.O. Home office INFO Information IMPS Impossible IMP(T) Important INCD Include INDIV Individual INS Insurance INTST Interested I/O In stead of IOU I owe you IVO In view of MANUF Manufacture MDL Model MEMO Memorandum MGR Manger MIN Minimum MKT Market MSG Message NCRY Necessary NLT No later than OBS Observe OBT Obtain accident occurs, the direct punishment 500-1000, who is directly responsible for the accident responsibility, give notice of criticism and 50-100 economic sanctions against them. (4) to conceal the accident, reported without undue delay or false, to inform the administrative leadership of the criticism, resulting in serious consequences, the pursuit of leadership, along with 500-1000 punishment. (5) significant near miss should be attempted as the case of responsible for the accident and construction team injuries accident penalty provisions, mutatis mutandis. Eight, should perform in the construction standards and specifications, serial number a 1 GB3323-2005 steel fusion welded butt joints, welding engineering-Ray lighting and quality rating of 2 GB11345-89 steel welds manual methods of ultrasonic inspection and testing results for grade 3 GB50236-2002 industrial pipe welding engineering code for construction and acceptance of field equipment 4 HGJ222-92 technical specification for welding of aluminium and its alloys 5 low temperature steel welding procedure 6 SH3525-2004 petrochemical JB/ T4708-2000 of welding procedure qualification for steel pressure vessels 7 JB/4709-2000 8 JB4730-2005 pressure vessel welding procedures of steel pressure vessel NDT 9 JB/T4744-2000 steel pressure vessel products mechanical properties test of welded plate II, mechanical equipment installation engineering 1 GB150-98 2 GB50128-2005 vertical cylindrical steel pressure vessel steel welding specification for construction and acceptance of oil tank 3 JB/ T4735-1997 steel welded atmospheric pressure vessel 4 GB50231-2009 mechanical equipment installation ORD Ordinary PAT Patent PC Piece PKG Packing PL People PLS Please POSN Position POSS(BL) Possible PROD Product QLTY Quality QUTY Quantity RCV Receive REF Reference REGL Regular REP Representative RESN Reservation RPT Repeat RESPON Responsible SEC Section SITN Situation STD Standard TEL Telephone TEMP Temporary TGM Telegraph THO Though TKS Thanks TRD Trade TRF Traffic TTL Total U You UR Your WK Week WL Will WT Weight XL Extra large 二、 字母、图像 Z 表示“人” people/person，因为 Z 看上去像个人头，它通常被写在一个词或符号的右上角。例如:日本人:JZ。 C 表示政府，统治:government，govern，希腊字母C读/ga:ma/,近似government, 所以就用C来表示govern, government。governmental official 可以表示为 CZ。 P 表示政治:politics, political，希腊字母P读/pai/,近似politics, political。那么politician就可以表示为 PZ。 E 表示总数:total, totally, entire, entirely, on the whole, all in all, to sum up, ect. E在数学符号中表示总值。 G 表示效率:efficient, effective。G为效率符号。 accident occurs, the direct punishment 500-1000, who is directly responsible for the accident responsibility, give notice of criticism and 50-100 economic sanctions against them. (4) to conceal the accident, reported without undue delay or false, to inform the administrative leadership of the criticism, resulting in serious consequences, the pursuit of leadership, along with 500-1000 punishment. (5) significant near miss should be attempted as the case of responsible for the accident and construction team injuries accident penalty provisions, mutatis mutandis. Eight, should perform in the construction standards and specifications, serial number a 1 GB3323-2005 steel fusion welded butt joints, welding engineering-Ray lighting and quality rating of 2 GB11345-89 steel welds manual methods of ultrasonic inspection and testing results for grade 3 GB50236-2002 industrial pipe welding engineering code for construction and acceptance of field equipment 4 HGJ222-92 technical specification for welding of aluminium and its alloys 5 low temperature steel welding procedure 6 SH3525-2004 petrochemical JB/ T4708-2000 of welding procedure qualification for steel pressure vessels 7 JB/4709-2000 8 JB4730-2005 pressure vessel welding procedures of steel pressure vessel NDT 9 JB/T4744-2000 steel pressure vessel products mechanical properties test of welded plate II, mechanical equipment installation engineering 1 GB150-98 2 GB50128-2005 vertical cylindrical steel pressure vessel steel welding specification for construction and acceptance of oil tank 3 JB/ T4735-1997 steel welded atmospheric pressure vessel 4 GB50231-2009 mechanical equipment installation Q 表示“通货膨胀”:inflation，因为这个符号酷似一个上升的气球。 A 表示农业: agriculture. agriculture，经常用到，所以用首字母代替。 B 表示商业:business。 C× 表示冲突，矛盾:conflict， confrontation，“C×”中的“×”表示反对。 W 表示工作，职业: work, employ 等。它是work的第一个字母。所以WZ就可以用来表示worker, 而W(Z在字母上方表示employer, 在字母下方表示employee)。 i 表示工业: industry, industrial，字母i像只烟囱，所以用来可以用来表示工业。 U U酷似一个酒杯，在笔记中表示 合同 劳动合同范本免费下载装修合同范本免费下载租赁合同免费下载房屋买卖合同下载劳务合同范本下载 、 协议 离婚协议模板下载合伙人协议 下载渠道分销协议免费下载敬业协议下载授课协议下载 (treaty, agreement)一般只有在谈判成功、协议成交后才会表示“举杯祝贺”。如果在U内填入2××××，就可以表示为bilateral(双边的)，填入3表示为trilateral(三边的)。在U中填入1表示: Unilateralism(单边主义)，填入m (multiple) 表示多边主义。如果在U上加一个/××××表示谈判破裂。 O 表示“国家”、“民族”、“领土”等:country, state, nation, etc.gO表示进口，Og表示出口。这个符号酷似一把椅子，可以表示主持、主办:chair, host, preside over。那么在此符号上加Z表示主席，主持人:chairman, host, etc. T 表示“领导人”:leader, head，那么head of government, head of company 便可以表示为 CT ? 圆圈表示一个圆桌，中间一点表示一盆花，这个符号就可以表示会议、开会等:meeting，conference， negotiation，seminar，discussion，symposium。 k 这个符号看上像条鱼，所以表示“捕鱼业”等和fishery有关的词汇。 O 圆圈代表地球，横线表示赤道，所以这个符号就可以表示国际的、世界的、全球的等: international, worldwide, global, universal, etc. J 表示开心:pleasant, joyful，happy，excited, etc. L 表示不满、生气:unsatisfied, discomfort, angry, sad, etc. EO 表示听到、众所周知:as we all know, as is known to all, as you have already heard of, etc. O 表示漠不关心、无动于衷:indifferent, apathetic, unconcern, don't care much, etc. 三、 数学符号 + 表示“多”: many, lots of, a great deal of, a good many of, etc. ++(+2) 表示“多”的比较级:more +3 表示“多”的最高级:most , 表示“少”: little, few, lack ,in short of/ be in shortage of etc. accident occurs, the direct punishment 500-1000, who is directly responsible for the accident responsibility, give notice of criticism and 50-100 economic sanctions against them. (4) to conceal the accident, reported without undue delay or false, to inform the administrative leadership of the criticism, resulting in serious consequences, the pursuit of leadership, along with 500-1000 punishment. (5) significant near miss should be attempted as the case of responsible for the accident and construction team injuries accident penalty provisions, mutatis mutandis. Eight, should perform in the construction standards and specifications, serial number a 1 GB3323-2005 steel fusion welded butt joints, welding engineering-Ray lighting and quality rating of 2 GB11345-89 steel welds manual methods of ultrasonic inspection and testing results for grade 3 GB50236-2002 industrial pipe welding engineering code for construction and acceptance of field equipment 4 HGJ222-92 technical specification for welding of aluminium and its alloys 5 low temperature steel welding procedure 6 SH3525-2004 petrochemical JB/ T4708-2000 of welding procedure qualification for steel pressure vessels 7 JB/4709-2000 8 JB4730-2005 pressure vessel welding procedures of steel pressure vessel NDT 9 JB/T4744-2000 steel pressure vessel products mechanical properties test of welded plate II, mechanical equipment installation engineering 1 GB150-98 2 GB50128-2005 vertical cylindrical steel pressure vessel steel welding specification for construction and acceptance of oil tank 3 JB/ T4735-1997 steel welded atmospheric pressure vessel 4 GB50231-2009 mechanical equipment installation × 表示“错误”、“失误”和“坏”的概念:wrong/incorrect，something bad，notorious，negative, etc. > 表示“多于”概念:bigger/larger/greater/more than/better than, etc. 表示“高”概念:superior to，surpass, etc. < 表示“少于”概念:less/smaller，etc. 表示“低”概念:inferior to，etc. = 表示“同等”概念:means，that is to say，in other words，the same as，be equal to, etc. 表示“对手”概念:a match, rival, competitor, counterpart, etc. ( ) 表示“在……之间”:among, within, etc. ? 表示“不同”概念:be different from, etc. 表示“无敌”概念:matchless, peerless, etc. , 表示“大约”概念:about/around，or so， approximately, etc. / 表示“否定”，“消除”等概念:cross out, eliminate, etc. 四、 标点 : 表示各种各样“说”的动词:say, speak, talk, marks, announce, declare, etc. ? 表示“问题”:question，issue，例如:台湾问题:tw? . (dot) 这个“.”点的位置不同表示的概念也不一样。“.d”表示yesterday, “.y”表示last year, “.2m”表示two month ago。“y”表示this year, “y2.” two year later，“next week”, 可以表示为”wk.”。 ? 表示转折 ? 表示“好的”状态，right/good，famous/well-known，etc. 表示“同意”状态，stand up for，support，agree with sb, certain/ affirmative, etc. ? 表示“重要的”状态:important，exemplary(模范的) best，outstanding，brilliant，etc. n 表示“交流”状态:exchange，mutual, etc. & 表示“和”，“与”:and，together with，along with，accompany，along with，further more，etc. ? 表示“结束”:end，stop，halt，bring sth to a standstill/stop, etc. accident occurs, the direct punishment 500-1000, who is directly responsible for the accident responsibility, give notice of criticism and 50-100 economic sanctions against them. (4) to conceal the accident, reported without undue delay or false, to inform the administrative leadership of the criticism, resulting in serious consequences, the pursuit of leadership, along with 500-1000 punishment. (5) significant near miss should be attempted as the case of responsible for the accident and construction team injuries accident penalty provisions, mutatis mutandis. Eight, should perform in the construction standards and specifications, serial number a 1 GB3323-2005 steel fusion welded butt joints, welding engineering-Ray lighting and quality rating of 2 GB11345-89 steel welds manual methods of ultrasonic inspection and testing results for grade 3 GB50236-2002 industrial pipe welding engineering code for construction and acceptance of field equipment 4 HGJ222-92 technical specification for welding of aluminium and its alloys 5 low temperature steel welding procedure 6 SH3525-2004 petrochemical JB/ T4708-2000 of welding procedure qualification for steel pressure vessels 7 JB/4709-2000 8 JB4730-2005 pressure vessel welding procedures of steel pressure vessel NDT 9 JB/T4744-2000 steel pressure vessel products mechanical properties test of welded plate II, mechanical equipment installation engineering 1 GB150-98 2 GB50128-2005 vertical cylindrical steel pressure vessel steel welding specification for construction and acceptance of oil tank 3 JB/ T4735-1997 steel welded atmospheric pressure vessel 4 GB50231-2009 mechanical equipment installation 五、 较长单词的处理办法 -ism 简写为 m 例如:socialism Sm -tion 简写为 n 例如:standardization ( 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 化) stdn -cian 简写为 o 例如:technician techo -ing 简写为 g 例如:marketing (市场营销) MKTg 相关阅读 顺着译 由于性质不同，口译的要求与笔译大相径庭，不能照搬笔译的做法。首先，即使是译员事先得到了讲稿，而且有必要提前翻译成文字稿，也需要注意避免笔译经常使用的、把句子顺序按照中文习惯重新安排的手法。如果译文和 原文 少年中国说原文俱舍论原文大医精诚原文注音大学原文和译文对照归藏易原文 句子顺序相同，讲话人脱稿时你就比较容易觉察到。而且即使没有脱稿，听上去也比较有现场感。 这样的文字处理，与同传中的断句技巧相似。要想熟练地做到顺着译，就需要比较熟练地采用一些同传的断句技巧。但是必须强调:不一定要先学同传才能练口译。 例:讲话原文:The barrier is part of an overall tidal defence system, put in place due to the increasing height of surge tides in the Thames estuary. 笔译习惯:闸门是用来阻挡泰晤士河口海潮浪头越来越高的整体防洪体系的组成部分。 建议口译:闸门是整体防洪体系的组成部分，用来阻挡泰晤士河口海潮越来越高的浪头。 补语气 有时为了传达语气，译员可以增加一些字词，或者调整译文来产生讲话人预期达到的效果。这些是笔译中不必考虑的。比如(英中贸易协会主席鲍威尔勋爵在欢迎江主席访问英国的宴会上说了一句话，笔头翻译如下就可以过关: 例:讲话原文:Mr. President, if you want to find friends of China, you can do no better than looking round here today, among members of CBBC(英中贸易协会). 参考笔译:主席先生，如果要找中国的朋友，就看今天在场的英中贸易协会成员就可以了。 但是当时鲍威尔勋爵把话说得抑扬顿挫，铿锵有力。我觉得必须在文字上做一些处理，才能把讲话人的语气表达出来。 实战处理:主席先生，如果要找中国的朋友，除了今天在场的英中贸易协会成员之外，别无他处。 从纯文字看，译文与原文并不完全相符。但是，按照口译要求处理之后，现场的语气和效果与原话很接近。这是一个比较典型的例子，说明口译中需要考虑笔译中没有的因素。 加解释 accident occurs, the direct punishment 500-1000, who is directly responsible for the accident responsibility, give notice of criticism and 50-100 economic sanctions against them. (4) to conceal the accident, reported without undue delay or false, to inform the administrative leadership of the criticism, resulting in serious consequences, the pursuit of leadership, along with 500-1000 punishment. (5) significant near miss should be attempted as the case of responsible for the accident and construction team injuries accident penalty provisions, mutatis mutandis. Eight, should perform in the construction standards and specifications, serial number a 1 GB3323-2005 steel fusion welded butt joints, welding engineering-Ray lighting and quality rating of 2 GB11345-89 steel welds manual methods of ultrasonic inspection and testing results for grade 3 GB50236-2002 industrial pipe welding engineering code for construction and acceptance of field equipment 4 HGJ222-92 technical specification for welding of aluminium and its alloys 5 low temperature steel welding procedure 6 SH3525-2004 petrochemical JB/ T4708-2000 of welding procedure qualification for steel pressure vessels 7 JB/4709-2000 8 JB4730-2005 pressure vessel welding procedures of steel pressure vessel NDT 9 JB/T4744-2000 steel pressure vessel products mechanical properties test of welded plate II, mechanical equipment installation engineering 1 GB150-98 2 GB50128-2005 vertical cylindrical steel pressure vessel steel welding specification for construction and acceptance of oil tank 3 JB/ T4735-1997 steel welded atmospheric pressure vessel 4 GB50231-2009 mechanical equipment installation 最典型的场合是对幽默的处理。实战口译中经常碰到讲话人灵机一动，开个玩笑。如果 是笔译，可以琢磨一下怎么处理。但口译时，译员必须马上张口说出译文，根本没有琢 磨的时间。如果有办法把幽默翻译过去，当然应该翻译过去。但是情急之下翻译不过去 的，就补充解释、说明一下。 例:讲话原文:Two balloons were floating across the dessert. One balloon said to the other: "Look out for the cactussssssssssss!" 想象一下，如果你站在大庭广众面前做口译，听到上面这段话，一时想不起中文里哪些 字可以产生类似效果，只好先照字面直译，然后补充说明一下。 参考处理: 两个气球飞过沙漠。一个气球跟另一个气球说:“小心仙人掌!” 英文里这是个玩笑，因 为英文“仙人掌”这个词的最后一个音是"s"，听上去像漏气，指的是第一个气球光顾发出 警告，自己先被扎破了。 后面那些补充说明的话，笔头翻译是万万不可接受的。实战口译中不仅可以这样处理， 而且经常必须这样处理。 顺便提一下，上面这个例子还可以这样处理:两个气球飞过沙漠。一个气球跟另一个气 球说;“小心仙人掌～”——噗哧哧哧哧哧哧哧哧哧哧哧哧。 实战中，能够完美地把幽默翻译过去的情况是少数，需要补充说明一下的是多数。 1. Note-taking symbols and abbreviations for your reference: Abbreviations in Note taking Use only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily. A good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time. Symbols helpful in math -- these are commonly used in texts and references. S = sum f = frequency accident occurs, the direct punishment 500-1000, who is directly responsible for the accident responsibility, give notice of criticism and 50-100 economic sanctions against them. (4) to conceal the accident, reported without undue delay or false, to inform the administrative leadership of the criticism, resulting in serious consequences, the pursuit of leadership, along with 500-1000 punishment. (5) significant near miss should be attempted as the case of responsible for the accident and construction team injuries accident penalty provisions, mutatis mutandis. Eight, should perform in the construction standards and specifications, serial number a 1 GB3323-2005 steel fusion welded butt joints, welding engineering-Ray lighting and quality rating of 2 GB11345-89 steel welds manual methods of ultrasonic inspection and testing results for grade 3 GB50236-2002 industrial pipe welding engineering code for construction and acceptance of field equipment 4 HGJ222-92 technical specification for welding of aluminium and its alloys 5 low temperature steel welding procedure 6 SH3525-2004 petrochemical JB/ T4708-2000 of welding procedure qualification for steel pressure vessels 7 JB/4709-2000 8 JB4730-2005 pressure vessel welding procedures of steel pressure vessel NDT 9 JB/T4744-2000 steel pressure vessel products mechanical properties test of welded plate II, mechanical equipment installation engineering 1 GB150-98 2 GB50128-2005 vertical cylindrical steel pressure vessel steel welding specification for construction and acceptance of oil tank 3 JB/ T4735-1997 steel welded atmospheric pressure vessel 4 GB50231-2009 mechanical equipment installation Leave out periods in standard abbreviations. cf = compare e.g. = example dept = department Use only the first syllable of a word. pol = politics dem = democracy lib = liberal cap = capitalism Use entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable. pres = presentation subj = subject ind = individual cons = conservative Eliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation. assoc = associate biol = biology accident occurs, the direct punishment 500-1000, who is directly responsible for the accident responsibility, give notice of criticism and 50-100 economic sanctions against them. (4) to conceal the accident, reported without undue delay or false, to inform the administrative leadership of the criticism, resulting in serious consequences, the pursuit of leadership, along with 500-1000 punishment. (5) significant near miss should be attempted as the case of responsible for the accident and construction team injuries accident penalty provisions, mutatis mutandis. Eight, should perform in the construction standards and specifications, serial number a 1 GB3323-2005 steel fusion welded butt joints, welding engineering-Ray lighting and quality rating of 2 GB11345-89 steel welds manual methods of ultrasonic inspection and testing results for grade 3 GB50236-2002 industrial pipe welding engineering code for construction and acceptance of field equipment 4 HGJ222-92 technical specification for welding of aluminium and its alloys 5 low temperature steel welding procedure 6 SH3525-2004 petrochemical JB/ T4708-2000 of welding procedure qualification for steel pressure vessels 7 JB/4709-2000 8 JB4730-2005 pressure vessel welding procedures of steel pressure vessel NDT 9 JB/T4744-2000 steel pressure vessel products mechanical properties test of welded plate II, mechanical equipment installation engineering 1 GB150-98 2 GB50128-2005 vertical cylindrical steel pressure vessel steel welding specification for construction and acceptance of oil tank 3 JB/ T4735-1997 steel welded atmospheric pressure vessel 4 GB50231-2009 mechanical equipment installation info = information ach = achievement chem = chemistry max = maximum intro = introduction conc = concentration min = minimum rep = repetition Omit vowels, retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable skeleton of the word. ppd = prepared prblm = problem estmt = estimate bkgd = background gvt = government Use an apostrophe in place of letters. am't = amount cont'd = continued gov't = government educat'l = educational accident occurs, the direct punishment 500-1000, who is directly responsible for the accident responsibility, give notice of criticism and 50-100 economic sanctions against them. (4) to conceal the accident, reported without undue delay or false, to inform the administrative leadership of the criticism, resulting in serious consequences, the pursuit of leadership, along with 500-1000 punishment. (5) significant near miss should be attempted as the case of responsible for the accident and construction team injuries accident penalty provisions, mutatis mutandis. Eight, should perform in the construction standards and specifications, serial number a 1 GB3323-2005 steel fusion welded butt joints, welding engineering-Ray lighting and quality rating of 2 GB11345-89 steel welds manual methods of ultrasonic inspection and testing results for grade 3 GB50236-2002 industrial pipe welding engineering code for construction and acceptance of field equipment 4 HGJ222-92 technical specification for welding of aluminium and its alloys 5 low temperature steel welding procedure 6 SH3525-2004 petrochemical JB/ T4708-2000 of welding procedure qualification for steel pressure vessels 7 JB/4709-2000 8 JB4730-2005 pressure vessel welding procedures of steel pressure vessel NDT 9 JB/T4744-2000 steel pressure vessel products mechanical properties test of welded plate II, mechanical equipment installation engineering 1 GB150-98 2 GB50128-2005 vertical cylindrical steel pressure vessel steel welding specification for construction and acceptance of oil tank 3 JB/ T4735-1997 steel welded atmospheric pressure vessel 4 GB50231-2009 mechanical equipment installation Form the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding s. chpts = chapters egs = examples fs = frequencies intros = introductions Use g to represent ing endings. ckg = checking estg = establishing decrg = decreasing exptg = experimenting Spell out short words such as in, at, to, but, for, and key. Abbreviations or symbols for short words will make the notes too dense with shorthand. Leave out unimportant words. Leave out the words a and the. If a term, phrase, or name is written out in full during the lecture, substitute initials whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. accident occurs, the direct punishment 500-1000, who is directly responsible for the accident responsibility, give notice of criticism and 50-100 economic sanctions against them. (4) to conceal the accident, reported without undue delay or false, to inform the administrative leadership of the criticism, resulting in serious consequences, the pursuit of leadership, along with 500-1000 punishment. (5) significant near miss should be attempted as the case of responsible for the accident and construction team injuries accident penalty provisions, mutatis mutandis. Eight, should perform in the construction standards and specifications, serial number a 1 GB3323-2005 steel fusion welded butt joints, welding engineering-Ray lighting and quality rating of 2 GB11345-89 steel welds manual methods of ultrasonic inspection and testing results for grade 3 GB50236-2002 industrial pipe welding engineering code for construction and acceptance of field equipment 4 HGJ222-92 technical specification for welding of aluminium and its alloys 5 low temperature steel welding procedure 6 SH3525-2004 petrochemical JB/ T4708-2000 of welding procedure qualification for steel pressure vessels 7 JB/4709-2000 8 JB4730-2005 pressure vessel welding procedures of steel pressure vessel NDT 9 JB/T4744-2000 steel pressure vessel products mechanical properties test of welded plate II, mechanical equipment installation engineering 1 GB150-98 2 GB50128-2005 vertical cylindrical steel pressure vessel steel welding specification for construction and acceptance of oil tank 3 JB/ T4735-1997 steel welded atmospheric pressure vessel 4 GB50231-2009 mechanical equipment installation For example, Center for Aerospace Sciences becomes CAS thereafter. Use symbols for commonly recurring connective or transitional words. & = and w/ = with w/o = without vs = against \ = therefore = = is or equal Use technical symbols where applicable. zb = German, for example ibid = Latin, the same work o = degrees H2O = water More reference: Use standard maths, accounting, and science symbols. Examples: + plus // parallel Use standard abbreviations and leave out full stops. Examples: eg example accident occurs, the direct punishment 500-1000, who is directly responsible for the accident responsibility, give notice of criticism and 50-100 economic sanctions against them. (4) to conceal the accident, reported without undue delay or false, to inform the administrative leadership of the criticism, resulting in serious consequences, the pursuit of leadership, along with 500-1000 punishment. (5) significant near miss should be attempted as the case of responsible for the accident and construction team injuries accident penalty provisions, mutatis mutandis. Eight, should perform in the construction standards and specifications, serial number a 1 GB3323-2005 steel fusion welded butt joints, welding engineering-Ray lighting and quality rating of 2 GB11345-89 steel welds manual methods of ultrasonic inspection and testing results for grade 3 GB50236-2002 industrial pipe welding engineering code for construction and acceptance of field equipment 4 HGJ222-92 technical specification for welding of aluminium and its alloys 5 low temperature steel welding procedure 6 SH3525-2004 petrochemical JB/ T4708-2000 of welding procedure qualification for steel pressure vessels 7 JB/4709-2000 8 JB4730-2005 pressure vessel welding procedures of steel pressure vessel NDT 9 JB/T4744-2000 steel pressure vessel products mechanical properties test of welded plate II, mechanical equipment installation engineering 1 GB150-98 2 GB50128-2005 vertical cylindrical steel pressure vessel steel welding specification for construction and acceptance of oil tank 3 JB/ T4735-1997 steel welded atmospheric pressure vessel 4 GB50231-2009 mechanical equipment installation IT dept Information Technology department UK United Kingdom Use only the first syllable of a word. Examples: mar marketing cus customer cli client Use the entire first syllable and the first letter of the second syllable. Examples: subj subject budg budget ind individual To distinguish among various forms of the same word, use the first syllable of the word, an apostrophe, and the ending of the word. Examples: tech'gy technology gen'ion generalisation del'y delivery Use just enough of the beginning of a word to form a recognisable abbreviation. Examples: assoc associated ach achievement info information accident occurs, the direct punishment 500-1000, who is directly responsible for the accident responsibility, give notice of criticism and 50-100 economic sanctions against them. (4) to conceal the accident, reported without undue delay or false, to inform the administrative leadership of the criticism, resulting in serious consequences, the pursuit of leadership, along with 500-1000 punishment. (5) significant near miss should be attempted as the case of responsible for the accident and construction team injuries accident penalty provisions, mutatis mutandis. Eight, should perform in the construction standards and specifications, serial number a 1 GB3323-2005 steel fusion welded butt joints, welding engineering-Ray lighting and quality rating of 2 GB11345-89 steel welds manual methods of ultrasonic inspection and testing results for grade 3 GB50236-2002 industrial pipe welding engineering code for construction and acceptance of field equipment 4 HGJ222-92 technical specification for welding of aluminium and its alloys 5 low temperature steel welding procedure 6 SH3525-2004 petrochemical JB/ T4708-2000 of welding procedure qualification for steel pressure vessels 7 JB/4709-2000 8 JB4730-2005 pressure vessel welding procedures of steel pressure vessel NDT 9 JB/T4744-2000 steel pressure vessel products mechanical properties test of welded plate II, mechanical equipment installation engineering 1 GB150-98 2 GB50128-2005 vertical cylindrical steel pressure vessel steel welding specification for construction and acceptance of oil tank 3 JB/ T4735-1997 steel welded atmospheric pressure vessel 4 GB50231-2009 mechanical equipment installation Omit vowels from the middle of words, retaining only enough consonants to provide a recognisable skeleton of the word. Examples: bkgd background mvmt movement prblm problem Form the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding 's.' Examples: custs customers fs frequencies /s ratios Use 'g' to represent 'ing' endings. Examples: decrg decreasing ckg checking estblg establishing Spell out, rather than abbreviate short words. Examples: in but as key Leave out unimportant verbs. Examples: is was accident occurs, the direct punishment 500-1000, who is directly responsible for the accident responsibility, give notice of criticism and 50-100 economic sanctions against them. (4) to conceal the accident, reported without undue delay or false, to inform the administrative leadership of the criticism, resulting in serious consequences, the pursuit of leadership, along with 500-1000 punishment. (5) significant near miss should be attempted as the case of responsible for the accident and construction team injuries accident penalty provisions, mutatis mutandis. Eight, should perform in the construction standards and specifications, serial number a 1 GB3323-2005 steel fusion welded butt joints, welding engineering-Ray lighting and quality rating of 2 GB11345-89 steel welds manual methods of ultrasonic inspection and testing results for grade 3 GB50236-2002 industrial pipe welding engineering code for construction and acceptance of field equipment 4 HGJ222-92 technical specification for welding of aluminium and its alloys 5 low temperature steel welding procedure 6 SH3525-2004 petrochemical JB/ T4708-2000 of welding procedure qualification for steel pressure vessels 7 JB/4709-2000 8 JB4730-2005 pressure vessel welding procedures of steel pressure vessel NDT 9 JB/T4744-2000 steel pressure vessel products mechanical properties test of welded plate II, mechanical equipment installation engineering 1 GB150-98 2 GB50128-2005 vertical cylindrical steel pressure vessel steel welding specification for construction and acceptance of oil tank 3 JB/ T4735-1997 steel welded atmospheric pressure vessel 4 GB50231-2009 mechanical equipment installation were Leave out unnecessary articles. Examples: a an the If a term, phrase, or name is initially written out in full during the talk or meeting, initials can be substituted whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. Example: January Advertising Campaign Budget JACB Use symbols for common connective or transition words. Examples: @ at 2 to 4 for & and w/ with w/o without vs against Create your own set of abbreviations and symbols. You may wish to develop separate sets of symbols and abbreviations for different courses or subjects. Other Symbols and Abbreviations as a result of / consequences of <---> accident occurs, the direct punishment 500-1000, who is directly responsible for the accident responsibility, give notice of criticism and 50-100 economic sanctions against them. (4) to conceal the accident, reported without undue delay or false, to inform the administrative leadership of the criticism, resulting in serious consequences, the pursuit of leadership, along with 500-1000 punishment. (5) significant near miss should be attempted as the case of responsible for the accident and construction team injuries accident penalty provisions, mutatis mutandis. Eight, should perform in the construction standards and specifications, serial number a 1 GB3323-2005 steel fusion welded butt joints, welding engineering-Ray lighting and quality rating of 2 GB11345-89 steel welds manual methods of ultrasonic inspection and testing results for grade 3 GB50236-2002 industrial pipe welding engineering code for construction and acceptance of field equipment 4 HGJ222-92 technical specification for welding of aluminium and its alloys 5 low temperature steel welding procedure 6 SH3525-2004 petrochemical JB/ T4708-2000 of welding procedure qualification for steel pressure vessels 7 JB/4709-2000 8 JB4730-2005 pressure vessel welding procedures of steel pressure vessel NDT 9 JB/T4744-2000 steel pressure vessel products mechanical properties test of welded plate II, mechanical equipment installation engineering 1 GB150-98 2 GB50128-2005 vertical cylindrical steel pressure vessel steel welding specification for construction and acceptance of oil tank 3 JB/ T4735-1997 steel welded atmospheric pressure vessel 4 GB50231-2009 mechanical equipment installation resulting in ---> and / also + equal to / same as = following ff most importantly * less than < greater than > especially esp/ accident occurs, the direct punishment 500-1000, who is directly responsible for the accident responsibility, give notice of criticism and 50-100 economic sanctions against them. (4) to conceal the accident, reported without undue delay or false, to inform the administrative leadership of the criticism, resulting in serious consequences, the pursuit of leadership, along with 500-1000 punishment. (5) significant near miss should be attempted as the case of responsible for the accident and construction team injuries accident penalty provisions, mutatis mutandis. Eight, should perform in the construction standards and specifications, serial number a 1 GB3323-2005 steel fusion welded butt joints, welding engineering-Ray lighting and quality rating of 2 GB11345-89 steel welds manual methods of ultrasonic inspection and testing results for grade 3 GB50236-2002 industrial pipe welding engineering code for construction and acceptance of field equipment 4 HGJ222-92 technical specification for welding of aluminium and its alloys 5 low temperature steel welding procedure 6 SH3525-2004 petrochemical JB/ T4708-2000 of welding procedure qualification for steel pressure vessels 7 JB/4709-2000 8 JB4730-2005 pressure vessel welding procedures of steel pressure vessel NDT 9 JB/T4744-2000 steel pressure vessel products mechanical properties test of welded plate II, mechanical equipment installation engineering 1 GB150-98 2 GB50128-2005 vertical cylindrical steel pressure vessel steel welding specification for construction and acceptance of oil tank 3 JB/ T4735-1997 steel welded atmospheric pressure vessel 4 GB50231-2009 mechanical equipment installation