成人高考专升本英语易混淆词汇

成人高考专升本英语易混淆词汇1 1.able,capable,competent able为常用词,指具有做某事所需的力量,技巧,知识与时间等,一般下效率无关,用作定语 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 示能力超出平均水平。如:A cat is able to see in the dark. (猫在黑暗中能看见东西。) capable 指满足一般要求的能力,可以是表现出来的,也可是潜在的,搭配是be capable of +doing.用作定语,表示的能力没有able表示的能力强。如:He is capable of running a mile in a minute. (他能在一分钟内跑完一英里。)He is a very capable doctor. (他是一位很好的大夫。) competent 指"胜任","合格",或受过专业技术等训练的,但不是超群的能力。如:A doctor should be competent to treat many diseases. (医生应该能治多种病。) 2.aboard,abroad,board,broad aboard 在船(或飞机,车)上。如:I never went aboard a ship. abroad 副词,在国外或海外。如:He often goes abroad. board 为动词,上(船,飞机,车)。如:The passengers are boarding the plane now. broad 为形容词,宽广的。如:He has very broad shoulders. 3.accept,receive accept 接受,receive"接到","收到".如:I received an invitation yesterday, but I didn’t accept it. (昨天我收到了一个请柬,但并没有接受邀请。) 4.accident,incident,event accident事故。如:a traffic accident (交通事故) incident"附带事件",在政治上特指引起国际争端或战争的事件,事变。 event "事件",指特别重要的事件,通常是由以前的努力而产生的结果,也指国家和社会的事件。 5. accomplish,complete,finish,achieve,attain accomplish表成功,强调完成的结果而不是过程。如:Because of his hard word,things are accomplished. (由于他的努力,事情都已完成了。) complete 表示积极的完成,更具体地指建筑、工程等的完成。如:Has he complete his novel yet?(他的小说写完了吗?) finish 最常用,后接动词的-ing形式,表示在一个活动的连续过程中完成了最后的一步或阶段。如:I’ll finish the job alone. (我要独自完成这项工作。) achieve 完成,实现,强调通过努力而达到目的。如:You will achieve success if you work hard. Attain达到,实现,常用于一般人的能力不易达到的目的。如:Greater efforts are needed before we can attain our goals. 6.accurate,correct,exact,precise accurate准确的,精确的。如:Clocks in railway stations should be accurate. (火车站的钟应该是准确的。) correct"正确的",指符合一定的标准或准则,含有"无错误的"意味。它的反 义词是incorrect,wrong. exact"精确的","恰好的",比"大体上正确"更进一步,表"丝毫不差".它的反义词是inexact. precise强调"精确","精密". 7.accuse,charge,sue accuse 指责,指控,常与of 搭配。如:His boss accused him of carelessness. charge 常与with搭配。如:The police charged the driver with reckless driving. sue 常与for 搭配。如:Smith sued his neighbor for damaging his house. 8.achieve,acquire,require,inquire achieve(成功地)完成,实现。如:He will never achieve anything unless he works harder. (如他不努力工作,将会一事无成。) acquire取得,获得,学到。如:acquire knowledge (获得知识) inquire打听,询问。如:inquire a person’s name(问一个人的姓名) require需要。如:We require more help. (我们需要更多的帮助。) 9.act,action,deed act 用作名词时,与action,deed均可表"行为","举动".Act指时间较短的个人行动或行为,强调结果。如:The farmer caught the boys in the act of stealing his apples. (农夫在孩子们正偷他的苹果时把他们抓住了。) action较正式,往往指不止包含一个步骤,且持续时间较长的行为或行动,强调行为的过程。如:Actions are more important than words. (行动比语言更重要。) deed为正式用语,多指伟大的,显著的,感人的行为。如:They thanked him for his good deeds. (他们感谢他做的好事。) 10.actual,true,real,genuine actual 意为"实际的","现实的",指所形容的事物在事实上已经发生或存在,而不是仅在理论上可能发生或存在的。 true"真实的",指与实际相符,而非虚假。 genuine "真的","非冒充的","货真价实的",强调正宗而非冒牌。 11.adequate,enough,sufficient adequate 足够的,指数量多,适合需要的数量。 enough足够的,指数量多,足够满足某种目的或愿望。 sufficient同enough,常可互换使用。但sufficient指数量多,足够满足某种需要,在口语中常用enough,在书面语中常用sufficient,在不易肯定时多用enough.Enough可放在被修饰名词后,且可作副词,sufficient则不可这么用。 12.admit,confess 两者都表"承认". admit指大胆地承认以前试图不论或推诿的坏事。如:John has admitted to breaking the window. (约翰已承认打破了窗玻璃。) Confess常指承认错误,罪行等。如:The thief confessed his crime to the police. (小偷向警察承认了罪行。) 成人高考专升本英语易混淆词汇2 26.alter,change 作不及物动词时,两者可通用。 作及物动词时,alter是对局部,表面的改变,而change则是对本质的,全面的,彻底的改变。如:Can you alter the dress?(你会改做这件衣服吗?)Can you change the dress?(你能给我更换这件衣服吗?) 27.altogether,all together altogether总计,总共。如:Altogether there are six of us. (我们总计六人。) all together 全都在一起。如:We played the game all together. (我们大家都一起来玩游戏吧。) 28.amaze,astonish,surprise 都可作及物动词,意思相近,一般都是以事物作主语,人称作宾语。 amaze强调"使惊讶",有时还有"惊叹","佩服"等意。 astonish表示"使大吃一惊","几乎使人无法相信"之意。 surprise只表"出乎意料之外". 29.among,between among 在……中间(三者或三者以上之间)。如:Our house is hidden among trees. between在两者之间。如:It is easy to distinguish between a Japanese and a Chinese. 30.announce,declare announce指宣布公众期望或与公众有关的事情,含有预告的意味。如:The government announced that they would pay their debts. (政府宣布将偿还债务。) declare指正式负责地宣布,声明,通常用于庄重的场合。如:The judge declared him guilty.(法官宣布他有罪。) 成人高考专升本英语易混淆词汇3 31.annoy,bother,trouble,disturb annoy指外界的干扰令人讨厌或无法忍受,或指某人故意去妨碍别人。 bother打扰,麻烦,指给人行动带来不便或身心上带来痛苦。如:May I trouble you with a few questions? disturb打扰,扰乱,指使正常秩序或一时的安定受到破坏,精力一时不能集中。如:I am sorry to disturb you. 32.answer,reply,respond 用作动词,都可表"回答","答复". answer是常用词,后可接letter(回信),question(回答问题),doorbell (开门),telephone(接电话),advertisement(应征广告)等。 reply较正式,一般只作不及物动词,可与to连用。如:He has replied to my letter.(他回答了我信中提的问题。) respond作"回答"解,用得较少,也同to 搭配。如:He quickly responded to the question. (他很快就回答了问题。) 另外,respond还可表"对……反应","响应". 33. appreciate,enjoy appreciate指对事物有深刻的理解能力并能鉴赏。 enjoy是一般用语,仅指感官或智力上的满足,"享受"的意味较强。 34. approve,prove approve(1)赞成,同意。如:I don’t approve of wasting time.(我不赞成浪费时间。) (2)批准,通过。如:The minister approved the building plan. 部长批准了建筑计划。 prove和approve词形相似,prove是"证明","表明是"等。 35. argue,debate,dispute argue着重"说理","论证","企图说明",且后可接that引导的从句。 debate着重双方各自陈述理由,尤其是"公开地"、"正式地"辩论。如:The subject was hotly debated. dispute着重就分歧进行热烈的"争论",含有"相持不下"或"未得到解决"的意味。如:He disputed with his wife on household expenses. 36. arise,rise,raise arise表无形的东西(如困难,问题等)"出现","发生". rise指具体事物的"上升","升起",也是不及物动词。如:The sun rises in the east.(太阳从东边升起。) raise为及物动词,"使……上升","举起"等。如:He raised his hand.(他举了手。) 37. assure,ensure,insure assure以十分肯定的语气向别人保证某事一定会发生,后需连用人称代词或指人的名词作宾语。 ensure表普通的"保证". insure表"保险",有时同ensure可以换用。 38. awake,wake,waken 都可作动词。 awake既可及物,也可不及物,多用于比喻。 wake常指"睡醒",多为不及物动词。 waken多用作及物动词,常指"吵醒","惊醒". 39. await,wait await是及物动词。如:I await your further instructions. wait"等"、"等候",是不及物动词,后常接介词for.如:I will wait for you at the school gate. 40. award,prize,reward award,reward作动词。award意为"授予(奖品,奖金等)",后面可跟双宾语;reward意为"报酬","酬谢",只能跟人或以人的行为作宾语。 award,prize,reward作名词时,award常指奖金,奖品;prize多指在竞赛、竞争中获胜所赢得的奖;reward则指为某项劳动或行为所付的酬金。 41. base,basis base表事物的下部的底部,多用于具体事物。 basis多用于比喻,主要指命题的基础。如:His ideas have no basis in reality. (他的意见缺乏现实基础。) 42. beat,win beat表在比赛和战斗中打败对手,后接对手作宾语。 Win作及物动词时,其宾语为游戏、比赛、战斗、奖金等名词。如:He has won the race.(他赢得了赛跑的胜利。) 43. beneath,below,under beneath表示同表面接触,与on 相对。Below表示"在下面,低于",与above 相对。 under表示"在……正下方"与over相对。 44. beside,besides beside在……旁边。如:Come and sit beside me. besides除……之外。如:I have two other umbrellas besides this one. 45. big,great,large big强调体积,质量,容量和重量大。如:a big box.Big也有抽象意义,指重大的事件或行为。如:a big mistake great带感情色彩,多指程度和质量,指具体事物或人时,表"突出","引人注目".如:a great man large多指面积,数目或数量大。如:a large population,a large number等。 46. bloom,blossom bloom多指供观赏植物的开花。如:The roses are blooming. blossom多指果树等植物的开花。如:The apple trees are blossoming. 47. borrow,lend borrow借入。如:Can I borrow your pen for a moment? lend把……借给。如:Can you lend me your bike? 48. bring,take bring带来。如:Bring me some water,please. take拿走。如:Shall I take some flowers when I go and see her? 49. calculate,compute,estimate calculate通常指用数学方法进行比较复杂,难度较大的精确计算。如:You can’t expect a schoolboy to calculate distances in astronom y. compute常指比较简单的运算。如:It was computed that two thirds of the students in the class passed the examination. estimate估计,常指对数量、成本等事先进行判断或估计。如:Some farmers asked the weatherman to estimate next year’s rainfall. 50. cheat,deceive,trick cheat欺骗,常用词,主要指为了自己的利益欺骗人。 deceive表示隐瞒真相或以假相骗人。如:The boy deceived the teacher by lying. trick哄骗,表示耍手段进行欺骗,强调在行骗时使用计策 成人高考专升本英语易混淆词汇4 51. childish,childlike childish幼稚的。如:It was very childish of him to lose his temper over something so unimportant. childlike孩子般天真的。如:When she won the gold medal,there was childlike smile on her face. 52. choose,pick,select,elect choose是一常用词,表一般的"选择". pick通常用于不需要认真权衡,对比就能做出决定。 select侧重"在同类的许多东西中,进行有斟酌的精选". elect指选举或用其他方法推选人。 53. cloth,clothing cloth布。如:I need three yards of cloth to make a suit. clothing衣服(总称)。如:You’d better give all the old clothing away. 54. complex,complicated 均可表"复杂". complex为常用词。 complicated为正式用词,表由于组成部分太多,相互关系太复杂而不能理解,语气很强。 55. compose,consist,constitute compose为常用词,常用被动语态,如用主动语态,主语应用复数形式。如: Twelve men compose a jury.(十二人组成陪审团。) consist表一个整体由几个部分组成(只能用主动语态)。如:The United Kingdom consists of Great Britain and Northern Island.(联合王国是由大不列颠及北爱尔兰组成。) constitute为正式用词,与consist相反,表由哪些部分构成整体。如:Twelve months constitute a year.(一年有十二个月。) 56. considerable,considerate considerable相当多的,可观的。如:He met a considerable amount of trouble. (他遇到了许多麻烦。) considerate 考虑周到的,体谅的。如:It was considerate of you not to trouble us.(你真体贴人,不打扰我们。) 57. consistent,constant,continual,continuous consistent一致的,符合的。如:His action is always consistent with his words. constant不断的,表示持续和惯常的重现,往往没有变化。如:He attributes his health to his constant exercise. continual频频的,不停的,时断时续,中间可有间歇。如:Continual smoking is bad for health. continuous不断延伸的,连续不断的,强调中间无间断。如:Everything in the universe undergoes continuous development and change. 58. crack,crash crack(使)破裂,砸开。如:I can crack it,but I can’t break it. (我能把它弄裂,但不能把它弄破。) crash摔坏,坠毁。如:The plane crashed shortly after the take-off.(飞机起飞不久就坠毁了。) 59. crawl,creep crawl多指蛇,虫类等身体沿地面或其他表面的动作。如:There is an insect crawling up your back. (有一虫子正在你的背上往上爬。) creep多指哺乳动物或人等用四肢爬行的动物偷偷摸摸无声缓慢的前行动 作。如:They arrived late and crept into the classroom.(我们迟到了,便悄悄地溜进教室。) 60. cure,treat cure治愈,医治。如:The medicine will cure of your disease.(这药能治好你的病。) cure表示治好,treat只表示"给……治病". 61. current,present 均可表"现在","目前". current强调在现阶段正在流行,通用,但不一定是最新的。如:current English (当代英语) present为常用词,指现在正在通用的,在时间上比current的范围更窄。如: What’s your present address?(你现住址是哪里?) 62. custom,habit 均可表习惯。 custom为正式用词,多指社团或人们的习惯行为方式。 habit为常用词,多指个人因多次重复而形成做某事的趋势或意愿。如:He has the bad habit of biting his nails.(他有咬手指的坏习惯。) 63. damage,destroy,harm,ruin 均可表"破坏","损坏". damage一般指部分性的破坏,含可修复使用。 destroy指十分彻底的毁坏,破坏。如:The whole city was destroyed in the earthquake.(地震中整个城市被毁了。) harm多指带来悲痛,产生恶果的伤害,可以是肉体的也可是精神的。如: Doctors say smoking harms our health.(医生说吸烟对身体有害。) ruin为正式用词,强调由于自然力或时间的作用而逐渐损坏,用于比喻时也指彻底毁坏名声,期望等。如:She poured water all over my painting and ruined it。