华盛顿·欧文论文：华盛顿•欧文 逃遁 情结 游记作品

华盛顿·欧文论文：华盛顿•欧文 逃遁 情结 游记作品 华盛顿?欧文论文:华盛顿?欧文 逃遁 情结 游记作品 【中文摘要】华盛顿?欧文(1783-1859),美国19世纪首批专职作家之一,以其旅游札记的创作而闻名于世界文坛。在其游记作品中,他以一个旅行者的身份和角度叙述了诸多国内外的独特见闻。自欧文开始创作以来,他的作品就一直受到国内外评论家的关注。但对于体现在他作品中的逃遁主题和个人生活中的逃遁情结,学者们却并未给予足够的重视,更未有过系统深入的研究。而作为民族集体无意识中不容忽视的现象,逃遁已经成为了美国社会生活中的特定遗产和美国文学史上经久不衰的研究主题。基于此,本文以心理分析为基本方法,以欧文遗留下来的大量书信及有关他的传记为佐证,来分析他不同时期不同背景下的游记作品中人物的各种逃遁模式及其原因,以期发掘出欧文逃遁情结的成因。荣格指出:情结是一种强烈而又被压抑的情绪,它一直潜藏于人们的潜意识中并影响着个性的形成。而情结是个人的本性、外部的社会现实以及民族集体无意识共同作用的结果。欧文体现在诸多游记作品中的逃遁情结既是他拒绝遵从传统的个性所致;亦是当时美国社会动荡不安、文学氛围薄弱与欧洲社会秩序相对稳定、文化底蕴深厚的强烈反差影响下的产物;同时也是祖先们频繁逃遁影响下潜移默化的结果。为了逃避尘世的困扰,人们通常选择遁世,选择隐居。与之不同的是,欧文并未真正意义上地远离尘世而离群索居,他选择的方式是频繁地旅行,这也为他观察现实世界提供了一个独特的视角。本文分三章对欧文游记作品中的三类主要逃遁模式进 行详细的分析。第一章探讨欧文游记作品中的第一种逃遁模式:逃离责任。欧文笔下有着一群拒绝遵从传统的人:他们反对按传统的方式来履行责任,为实现反抗他们最终不惜逃离责任,或逃向自然或遁入他乡。他(她)们或就此远离,将家庭责任和社会责任抛之脑后;或选择回归,领悟到发挥自我特长与实现责任间的相互关联后,通过发挥自己特长诠释了他们对家庭责任或社会责任的理解。第二章解读欧文游记作品中的第二种逃遁模式:逃离谴责。欧文笔下的部分人物因价值观差异而受到其他人谴责甚至排斥时,大多选择以逃遁的方式来缓解矛盾。不论是永远逃离还是再次回归,他们最终都比以前活得精彩:或因发现宝藏而脱贫致富;或获得体面的工作而名利双收。第三章聚焦欧文游记作品中的第三种逃遁模式:逃离父?夫权制。欧文笔下不乏勇敢、独立而有主见的女性:她们或悄然逃离父权的控制、或公开挑战夫权的权威。她们身心的出逃向读者们展现了女性自我意识的觉醒。此外,欧文的游记作品也见证了一群逃离父亲控制的年轻男子,他们或为了追寻自由,或为了找寻爱情,义无反顾地踏上了异乡之旅,以行动挑战了父亲的绝对权威。通过解读欧文笔下逃遁人物的逃遁类型、逃遁原因以及体现在他生活中的逃遁情结,本文得出结论:拒绝遵从传统、价值观的差异以及自我意识的觉醒促使了欧文及其笔下人物的不断出逃。逃遁不但是美国文学经久不衰的主题之一,而且也是美国社会生活中不容忽视的现象,因此对欧文作品及其个人生活中逃遁主题的研究既对美国遁世文学的梳理具有指导性的意义,又有助于了解美国独立前后的社会生活现状。 【英文摘要】Washington Irving (1783-1859), one of the first American professional writers in 19th century, achieved a prominent international reputation with his creation of travelogues, in which he narrated a large number of domestic and international anecdotes with the view of a traveler.From the very beginning of his creation of the travelogues, Irving’ s works attracts a lot of critics’attention at home and abroad. Few people, however, made a systematical account of the escape theme embodied in his travelogues and the escape complex reflected in his personal life. Yet as an indispensable element in the national collective unconscious, escape has long been a vital part of American life and an unfailing motif in American literature. So this dissertation tries to explore the embodiment and causes of escape complex in Irving’s life and travelogues by applying psychoanalytical approach and centering on his main travelogues of escape theme in different times and cultural backgrounds, his letters as well as his biographies.According to Jung’s definition, complex is a kind of strongly accentuated emotion, which is repressed but constantly exists in human being’s unconsciousness. It is the result of concerted effect by internal personality, external reality and collective unconscious. The escape complex in Irving’s works and his life is not only the result of his incompliant personality toward conventions, the product of the sharp contrast between the social unrest, poor cultural atmosphere in America and stable social order, rich cultural deposits in Europe, but also the result of his ancestors’ imperceptible escape tradition. To escape earthly problems, people often choose a way of retiracy and lead a cloistered life. Irving, however, did not really isolate himself from the earth and live apart. He achieved his escape in a different way---traveling, which provided him a unique perspective to observe the real world.This thesis is divided into three chapters to clarify three main escape modes in Irving’s travelogues. Chapter One discusses the first escape mode---escape from duty. Characters with a rebellious mind toward tradition occupied a considerable part in Irving’s travelogues. Those characters refused to fulfill the duty in the traditional way prescribed by society; to show their resistance, they eventually shrugged off duty by escaping to nature or an alien land. Some of them remained in the alien land and left duty behind them while others returned and fulfilled their duties by exerting their advantages after having perceived the interrelation between usage of fortes and realization of duty. Chapter Two studies the second escape mode---escape from censure. When suffering censure and exclusion from others for holding different values, some characters in Irving’s travelogues usually chose the way of escape to mollify contradictions. Escaping forever or returning later, they finally lived a different life, usually better than before: becoming prosperous by digging precious deposits or achieving both fame and wealth by gaining decent jobs. Chapter Three places emphasis on the third escape mode---escape from patriarchy. There is no lack of brave, independent and strong-minded women in Irving’s travelogues: they either escaped from patriarchal domination in a silent way, or challenged husbands’authority in an overtly way. Their escape in body and soul reflected women’s awakening of self-consciousness. Besides, Irving’s travelogues also witnessed a group of young men’s departing from father-dominated home. To pursue freedom or seek for love, they unhesitatingly defied their fathers’authorities by the way of setting foot on the alien land.After delving the escape modes and reasons in Irving’s works and life, the thesis concludes: refusing to abide by the tradition, value discrepancy and self-awareness awakening were the direct reasons of Irving’ s and his characters’escape. Escape is not only one of the sustained motifs in American literature, but also a phenomenon that can not be ignored in American life. Thus the study of escape theme in Irving’s travelogues and his personal life on the one hand has the instructional function on tracing the history of American escape literature; and on the other hand it can help readers to understand the social situation before and after the American Independence War. 【关键词】华盛顿?欧文 逃遁 情结 游记作品 【英文关键词】Washington Irving escape complex travelogue 【目录】论华盛顿?欧文游记作品中的逃遁主题 摘要 4-6 Abstract 6-7 Introduction 10-22 0.1 Critical Review of Washington Irving 11-14 0.2 Introduction to Escape and Complex 14-19 0.3 The Feasibility and Significance of the Research 19-20 0.4 Organization of the Thesis 20-22 Chapter 1 Escape from Duty 22-35 1.1 Rejection of Family Duty 23-29 1.2 Evasion from Country Duty 29-35 Chapter 2 Escape from Censure 35-47 2.1 Sheering off Accusation of Money Value 35-41 2.2 Fleeing from Blame for Individual Personality 41-47 Chapter 3 Escape from Patriarchy 47-57 3.1 Departure from Father-dominated Home 48-52 3.2 Fighting against Husband-dominated Society 52-57 Conclusion 57-59 Works Cited 59-63 Acknowledgements 63-64 Informative Chinese Abstract 64-68 Résuméand Publications since Entering the Program 68 【采买全文】 1.3.9.9.38.8.4.8 1.3.8.1.13.7.2.1 同时提供论文写作一对一辅导和论文发表服务.保过包发 【说明】本文仅为中国学术文献总库合作提供，无涉版权。作者如有异议请与总库或学校联系。