强调句型是高中英语中一个重要的语法项目,是高考重要考点之一。其基本结构为:It + be+ 被强调部分+that+句子其余部分。本文拟结合高考
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对强调句型的用法作如下归纳。
一、基本用法
1.在强调句型中,能够被强调的句子成分通常为主语、宾语、状语等,不能用来强调谓语动词、表语、补语、让步状语、条件状语等。当被强调部分为sb.,且在句中作主语时,可用who,也可用that,其它情况一律用that。强调主语时,that后的谓语动词必须与被强调的主语人称与数保持一致。如:
I’m going to meet my friend at the airport tomorrow.→
It is I who am going to meet my friend at the airport tomorrow.(强调主语)
It is my friend that I’m going to meet at the airport tomorrow.(强调宾语)
It is at the airport that I’m going to meet my friend tomorrow.(强调地点状语)
It is tomorrow that I’m going to meet my friend at the airport.(强调时间状语)
2.在强调结构中,无论被强调的是人还是物,单数还是复数,be动词一律用单数is/was形式。如果原句的谓语动词时态是过去范畴,就用was; 如果原句的谓语动词时态是现在范畴,就用is。也可以用"情态动词+be"形式。例如:
It is Tom and Mary who will be fined.
It was yesterday that he arrived here.
It might be in the morning that he broke into the house.
二、考点解读
1.强调句型的一般疑问句结构为:“Is /Was it+ 被强调部分+that+句子其余部分?”
例1.Was it during the Second World War ____ he died? (MET88)
A. that
B. while
C. in which
D. then
解析:此句为强调句的一般疑问句。强调时间状语,故选A。
例2.Was _____that I saw last night at the concert?(上海97)
A. it you
B. not you
C. you
D. that yourself
解析:此句也是强调句的一般疑问句。强调宾语,故选A。
例3.--- Wasn’t it Dr. Wang who spoke to you just now?
--- ______. (上海96)
A. I didn’t know he was
B. Yes, it was
C. No, he wasn’t
D. Yes, he did
解析:此句为强调句的一般疑问句的否定形式。其回答有两种可能:“Yes, it was”或“No, it wasn’t”,故选B.
2.强调句的特殊疑问句结构为:特殊疑问词+is/was it that...?注意在强调句的疑问句型中,强调标志that/who后只能使用陈述语序。
例4.Why! I have nothing to confess. _____ you want me to say?(上海04)
A. What is it that
B. What it is that
C. How is it that
D. How it is that
解析:此题考查强调句中强调疑问词时语序的排列。这是一个特殊疑问句,say后面缺少宾语,所以用what ,故选A
例5.I have always been honest and straight forward, and it doesn’t matter ____ I am making to
A who is it
B who it is
C it is who
D it is whom
解析: 此题考查强调句中强调疑问词时语序的排列(此处省略了that).这是一个特殊疑问句,考查被强调部分充当宾语的结构。其语序应遵循宾语从句的语序,即陈述语序。另外,在此处是做to的宾语,应用宾格whom,但在通常情况下,也可以用who代替whom ,故选B
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