英语作文写作模板1[教学]

英语作文写作模板1[教学] 写作1 基本表达 人们认为:it is generally/ widely believed/ held/ agreed that 越来越:be increasingly + adj., be on the rise, the growing number of 万能理由(Omnipotence) 1. 方便:convenient/ convenience 2. 效率:efficient/ efficiently/ efficiency 3. 节省和浪费:save time/ money/ space; economical, thrift waste time/ money/ space; costly, lavish 4. 人的心理健康:independent, cooperative, competitive, considerate, confident, creative, sociable, perseverance; selfish, isolated, conserative 5. 人的身体健康:health, disease, strong, strength, energetic 6. 娱乐:colorful, pleasure,joy, recreation, entertainmentm, relax tired, boring, lonely 7. 环境:environment, pollute, poisonous, dirty 8. 安全和危险:safe, danger, risk 9. 经验:experience, social experience, enter the society 10. 人际:humane, fair, unfair, help, assist, freedom, freely 写完之后修改注意:(内容方面尽量不要修改) 1、字母大小写 2、怪符号 3、单词拼写 4、主谓一致 5、动词时态 6、名词单复数 四级作文的要求、评分 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 及评卷实例 一、 四级考试对作文的要求 《大学英语考试大纲》明确规定:四级大学英语写作考试时间为30 分钟。要求应试者写出一篇不少于120个词的短文;写作命题源于日常生活和有关科技、社会文化等方面的一般常识，不涉及知识面过广、专业性太强的内容。其命题方式有:给出题目、或规定情景、或给出段首句续写、或给出关键词写短文、或看图作文。要求内容切题，文理通顺，表达正确，语义连贯，无重大语言错误。 二、评分原则 四级考试作文采用总体评分(GLOBAL SCORING)的方法，即把内容和语言作为一个统一体进行综合评判。主要是看内容是否切题，表达是否充分，所用语言是否能清楚而明确地表达思想。评卷人员根据思想内容和语言表达的总体印象给出奖励分(REWARD SCORES)，并不是按语言点错误的多少扣分。 三、评分标准 作文题满分为15分。 阅卷标准共分为五等:2分，5分，8分，11分及14分。 2分――条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。 5分――基本切题，表达思想不够清楚，连贯性差，有较多的严重错误。 8分――基本切题，表达思想比较清楚，文字尚连贯，但语言错误较多。 11分――切题，表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。 14分――切题，表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯较好，基本上无语言错误。 0分――白卷，作文与题目毫不相关，或只有几个孤立的词而无法表达思想。 阅卷人员根据阅卷标准，对照样卷评分，若认为与某一分数档次(如8分)相似，即定为(8分);若认为稍优或劣于该档次，则可加一分(9分)或减一分(7分)，但不得加减半分。字数不足应酌情扣分: 81――89词:扣1分;71――80词:扣2分;61――70词:扣3分;51――60词:扣 4分;50以下词:扣5分。 经原国家教委批准，四、六级考试已从1997年6月份起采用“作文最低分”制计算成绩，其中足见国家对提高大学英语写作能力的重视程度。按规定，考生作文若为0分，无论其总分是否高于60分，均作不及格处理;若其作文分高于0分，低于6分，报导成绩时，需从总分中减去6分，再加上实得作文分。也就是说，要从总分中减去实得作文分与6分之间的差额部分。 实例一 题目:Bicycles――An Important Means of Transport in China 提纲:(1)为什么自行车在中国这样普及 (2)和汽车的比较 (3)自行车在中国的前途 Score: Bicycle is an important means of transport in China. The important reason of it is the economy of Chinese. The use of bicycle in China is widely because people in China have not high wage. They can only afford a bicycle, and they have no money to buy a car which is too expensive. So Chinese usually buy a bicycle, and use it to go to work, or go to travel and so on. The other reason is the large population of China. All these made the bicycle become the important means of transport. The bicycle, compared to the car, is not too expensive and it is easy to learn and to use and it can save the surface of putting it. It doesn’t ask to build the garage like car. This point is very important to China, because of the lack of land. It isn’t too expensive, so Chinese can afford it. It doesn’t need any oil, and it can’t cause the polusion. All of these are the good needs compared to the car. In the future, bicycle will be widely used. And it will be in good demand. People will produce much more modern bicycles. Score: Bicycles are very popular in China. Almost every family in the city has two or three bicycles. During the rush hour, you can see that thousands of people -- man and woman, old and young -- ride their bicycles to work and study. That is why China is called “the kingdom of bicycles”. 注:1. 第一句总写，第二句和第三句分写，最后总写。 2. During the rush hour 分词结构开头。 3. 破折号内容为同位语,句式多变化。 Compared with cars, bicycles are superior in many ways. First, they are cheap, convenient and easy to ride. Second, riding bicycle is good for health. Third, they bring no noise nor air pollution. Though cars are faster and more comfortable, they are too expensive. They consume plenty of oil and they pollute the air. Sometimes, it is difficult for a driver to park his car. Moreover they often cause traffic jams and accidents. 注:1. Compared with cars 分词结构开头。 2. be superior to/ be inferior to 优于/ 低于 3. thirst, second, third 英语语言有层次感，信号词 4. cheap 便宜，最好用inexpensive 5. be good for health 对健康有好处(万能理由) 6. Moreover 表示递进 In my opinion, the future of bicycle is very promising. Since China is a developing country and has a large population, I think, riding bicycle is appropriate to Chinese present conditions. It will be an important means of transportation for quite a long time. 注:promising 有前途的 a promising young man Score: There millions of bicycles in today’s China. Bicycles are very important means of transport in people’s daily lives. Because to ride a bicycle is very simple, to buy a bicycle will not cost so much money, to park a bicycle needs just a small room and to ride a bicycle does not need oil but the rider’s strength, bicycles are popular all over the world, especially in China. 注:第一句应该用there be结构 Compared with a car, a bicycle is much cheaper. It is more suitable for China as a developing country. And a bicycle has almost caused no pollution but a car has. On the contrary, a bicycle is too slow, it costs more times than a car. I think the population of China’s bicycle will be kept for the long run. Because it will be replaced by a car, a bus and so on in some developed areas in China, and it will be made a wide use in the developing areas in China, the number of bicycles in China will be the same as today but I believe that it’s quality will be improved. I、对比观点选择题: 1.有人认为……; 2.另外一些人认为……; 3.谈谈你的观点和看法。(最好写成4段) 实例二 99年6月真题 Reading Selectively Or Extensively? Outline: 1. 有人认为读书要有选择 2. 有人认为应当博览群书 3. 我的想法 ? When it comes to reading, some people think that reading selectively is a good way, but some other people do not agree with them, they think that reading extensively is better. Those people, who think that reading selectively is better, believe that good books are as many as bad books. Those good books can give us pleasure and knowledge, while those bad books can only lead us to the wrong way. So, they suggest that we should only choose the good books to read and never touch the bad books. But, the other people, who hold that reading extensively is better, think that one kind of books can only give us one aspect of knowledge. Even the best book only contains one field of information. So, they can easily come to the conclusion that “to know more, to read more”. So they believe that reading extensively is better. To my point, we should choose good books to read and read good books as many as possible. By this way, we can increase the quality and quantity of reading. ? I think reading not only selectively but also extensively. Because the two sides are not contradict. Our time is limited. So we can not read every book in the world. However, we will not be interested in every book. We should read those books may be useful to ours, read those books which we like. But those books which we choose must be extensively so it can give ours all kinds of knowledge, news and so on, it also make ours become a wise man. On the one hand reading selectively let ours not waste our time which it is limited. Moreover it can emphasis among all books that we can read. On the other hand reading extensively can deal with all kinds of need in our life. They are all useful to ours. ? Most people thought that read books should have been selective. But others believed reading extensively was correction. Selective books or reading extensively? Sure, you can choice one from previous ideas, on one hand, There are too book to read for us. We should choose those which we interested, and it would be helpful for us. on another hand. Someone’s interesting was wide. Each book could bring you specific contain we couldn’t reading at only one level. I confirmed all of these ideas were good but weren’t wise. As a reader, the main task is to discover more and more books the second task is to held some which wonderful and helpful for us. Don’t treat these books with reckless abandon. The best technology of reading is connect. ? How should we read? Should we read selectively or extensively? Everyone has his own view. Some people think we should read selectively. They argue that with the development of modern science and technology, more and more books are published. It is impossible for us to read all the books. What’s more, there are many bad books that are poisonous to our mind, and we shouldn’t read them. Since we can’t read all the books and we shouldn’t read bad books, we must read selectively. But others may not agree, they emphasize that today's society is not what it was. If one man has many kinds of knowledge, he will have more chances to succeed. If a man knows much in one field but knows nothing in other fields, he may be useless. Since we must have many kinds of knowledge, we must read extensively. Who’s right? I think both of them have something right. But I think we should read extensively first. We should read books in many fields, and read selectively in one field. ? Some people think reading shall be chosen. Because some books are good to human beings and some books are harmful to people. Some people think that men should read books widely. Because wide reading can help man get much knowledge. And man can use it to change the world. It is my point that reading must be selectively. Because reading is important to man. Some books can help man but some books can lead some people to crime. It can be seen in the newspapers and watched on TV. We can make full use of some good books and gain more useful knowledge. It can make our life more beautiful. We must give up those unhelpful books. They are not good to us. Reading them is wasting time and money. So reading selectively is an important part in reading. Score: Most people thought that read books should have been selective. But others believed reading extensively was correction. Selective books or reading extensively? Sure, you can choice one from previous ideas, on one hand, There are too book to read for us. We should choose those which we interested, and it would be helpful for us. on another hand. Someone’s interesting was wide. Each book could bring you specific contain we couldn’t reading at only one level. I confirmed all of these ideas were good but weren’t wise. As a reader, the main task is to discover more and more books the second task is to held some which wonderful and helpful for us. Don’t treat these books with reckless abandon. The best technology of reading is connect. Score: I think reading not only selectively but also extensively. Because the two sides are not contradict. Our time is limited. So we can not read every book in the world. However, we will not be interested in every book. We should read those books may be useful to ours, read those books which we like. But those books which we choose must be extensively so it can give ours all kinds of knowledge, news and so on, it also make ours become a wise man. On the one hand reading selectively let ours not waste our time which it is limited. Moreover it can emphasis among all books that we can read. On the other hand reading extensively can deal with all kinds of need in our life. They are all useful to ours. Score: Some people think reading shall be chosen. Because some books are good to human beings and some books are harmful to people. Some people think that men should read books widely. Because wide reading can help man get much knowledge. And man can use it to change the world. It is my point that reading must be selectively. Because reading is important to man. Some books can help man but some books can lead some people to crime. It can be seen in the newspapers and watched on TV. We can make full use of some good books and gain more useful knowledge. It can make our life more beautiful. We must give up those unhelpful books. They are not good to us. Reading them is wasting time and money. So reading selectively is an important part in reading. 失分原因:结构失调，表述方式单一 典型的对比观点选择题的文章逻辑结构: (启)Paragraph I:(1)引出将要评论的事物或者是观点; (2)简明扼要的提出人 们在这个问题上的两种不同看法。 Score: How should we read? Should we read selectively or extensively? Everyone has his own view.(启) 注:第一句提出问题，第二句提出两种见解 ?? ? ? ? ?ā? ? " Йā? of modern science and m ÿ e SCNUN204 SYSTEM ad books that are poisonous to our mind, and we shouldn’t read them. Since we can’t read all the books and we shouldn’t read bad books, we must read selectively.(承) 注:1. 本段总分 总结 初级经济法重点总结下载党员个人总结TXt高中句型全总结.doc高中句型全总结.doc理论力学知识点总结pdf 构 2. they argue that = they think that 3. with the development of... 随着……的发展 4. what's more 递进关系，moreover 5. bad = pornographic 色情的 & violent 暴力的 典型的对比观点选择题的文章逻辑结构: (转)Paragraph III:(1)承上启下的过渡句; (2)提出另一种观点或 缺点; (3)本段的支持性分论 点 (4)本段总(可以省略)。 But others may not agree, they emphasize that today's society is not what it was. If one man has many kinds of knowledge, he will have more chances to succeed. If a man knows much in one field but knows nothing in other fields, he may be useless. Since we must have many kinds of knowledge, we must read extensively.(转) 注:1. But 转折词(信号词) 2. they emphasize that = they think that 3. today's society is not what it was 现代社会今昔非比 4. 许多知识 a wide range of knowledge/ a large scope of knowledge/ much knowledge; 获取知识 acquire/ get knowledge 5. knows nothing?little;he may be useless?he may not be of great use to the society 后者比前者更委婉 典型的对比观点选择题的文章逻辑结构: (合)Paragraph IV:(1)平衡两种看法; (2)给出自己的观 点。 Who’s right? I think both of them have something right. But I think we should read extensively first. We should read books in many fields, and read selectively in one field.(合) Score: When it comes to reading, some people think that reading selectively is a good way, but some other people do not agree with them, they think that reading extensively is better. 注:结构非常好，可以套用。 Those people, who think that reading selectively is better, believe that good books are as many as bad books. Those good books can give us pleasure and knowledge, while those bad books can only lead us to the wrong way. So, they suggest that we should only choose the good books to read and never touch the bad books. ??ā?? ? ? ? 琀????*.,”应去掉逗号，改为限制性定语从 句。 2. as many as bad books 改为 as many as bad ones 3. lead us to the wrong way 改为 lead sb. astray 4. they suggest that = they think that 5. touch 碰(闪光点词汇:如教材P7:shouldering the responsibility of doing sth. 肩负起责任) But, the other people, who hold that reading extensively is better, think that one kind of books can only give us one aspect of knowledge. Even the best book only contains one field of information. So, they can easily come to the conclusion that “to know more, to read more”. So they believe that reading extensively is better. 注:1. hold 认为 同样表示“think”的词还有argue, emphasize, believe, suggest, claim, insist, maintain, agree, hold 2. the best book 在西方国家是“圣经”的意思 3. to know more, to read more 错误，中式英语 To my point, we should choose good books to read and read good books as many as possible. By this way, we can increase the quality and quantity of reading. 四级作文真题 ?2003年1月 ?社会热点话题(三段:启、承、合) Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic It Pays to Be Honest. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese. 1、当前社会上存在许多不诚实的现象 2、诚实利人利已，做人应该诚实 It Pays to Be Honest ?2002年6月 ?图表题 Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Student Use of Computers. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the chart and the outline given below: 1、上图所示为1990年、1995年、2002年某校大学生使用计算机的 情况，请描述其变化; 2、请说明发生这些变化的原因(可从计算机的用途、价格或社会 发展等方面加以说明); 3、你认为目前大学生在计算机使用中有什么困难或问题。 Student Use of Computers ?2002年1月 ?书信题 Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: A Letter to the University President about the Canteen Service on Campus You should write at least 100 words, and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below: 假设你是李明，请你就本校食堂的状况给校长写一封信，内容应涉及 食堂的饭菜质量、价格、环境、服务等，可以是表扬，可以是批评建 议，也可以兼有而有之。 January 12th, 2002 Dear Mr. President, ?2001年6月 ???ā ? ? 爀 ? ,焒? ? ā 鐀 ? ā ? ? 匀牥楶散倠捡 ?2 ā?? ? ? ā?? 匀乃乕? 4 猀畣n渀 猀畣n渀 ???????????? ? 嬀祓瑳浥倠潲散獳 匀獹整m 猀獭?硥e 挀牳獳攮數 眀湩潬潧?硥e 猀 牥楶散?硥e 氀慳獳攮數 猀捶潨瑳攮數 猀捶潨瑳攮數 猀 捶潨瑳攮數 猀捶潨瑳攮數 猀捶潨瑳攮數 猀潰汯癳攮數 攀灸潬敲?硥e ??牴祡攮數 ?瑮?灲攮數 愀捴歨攮數 渀摶瑳慲?硥e 挀晴潭?硥e 愀捴歨牳?硥e 猀潴浲楬?硥e ? 卍攮數 ???? 一摶?楬湥却牥楶匀?敧瑮攮數 唀华攮數 愀杬攮數 眀慵捵瑬攮數 眀業牰獶?硥 e 伀 y minutes to write a composition on the topic Is A Test of Spoken English Necessary? The first sentence has already been written for you. You should write at least 100 words, and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below: 1(很多人认为有必要举行英语口语考试，理由是…… 2(也有人持不同意风，…… 3(我的看和打算 ?2000年1月 ?社会热点话题(缺少第一段) Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic How I Finance my College Education. You should write at least 100 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below: 1(上大学的费用(tuition and fees)可以通过多多种途径解决。 2(那种途径适合我(说明理由) ?1999年6月 ?对比观点选择题 Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Reading Selectively or Extensively? You should write at least 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below: 1(有人认为读书要有选择。 2(有人认为应该博览群书。 3(我的看法 ?1998年1月 ?社会热点话题 Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Harmfulness of Fake Commodities. You should write at least 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below: 1. 目前社会上有不少假冒伪劣商品(fake commodities)。为什么 会有这种现象, 2. 举例说明假冒伪劣商品对消费者个人、社会等的危害。 ?1997年6月 ?社会热点话题 Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition??ā?? ? ? ? ,焒 fing to Know the World Outside the Campus. You should write at least 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below: 1. 大学生了解社会的必要性。 2. 了解社会的途径(大众媒介、社会服务等) 3. 我打算怎么做。 ?1997年1月 ?格言题(考的几率非常小) Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Practice Makes Perfect. You should write at least 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline (give in Chinese) below: 1(怎样理解“熟能生巧”, 2(例如:在英语学习…… 3(又如…… 范文22. Is Television a Blessing or a Curse? Now, it is generally accepted that television plays an important part in people’s lives. But, there is an ongoing heated discussion as to whether television is a blessing or a curse. 注:it is generally accepted that 人们通常认为 As is often pointed out by some people, television keeps one better informed about current events, allows one to follow the latest developments in politics and science, and offers an endless series of programs which are both instructive and stimulating. The most distant countries, the strangest customs and the most attractive scenes of nature are brought right into one’s room. 注:1. As is often pointed out by some people = Some people think that 2. “使……”不用make，而用keep, allow, offer However, other people insist that television is a curse rather than a blessing. They argue that it has brought about many serious problems. The major one is its effects on young people. They are now so used to getting their information, education and entertainment from television that their literacy as well as physical ability has been greatly weakened. Even worse than that, vulgar commercials and indecent programs may cultivate their bad tastes, distort their viewpoints towards human life to such a degree that their minds might be corrupted. In summary, television has both advantages and disadvantages. Whatever effects it has, one thing is certain, television in itself is neither good nor bad. It is the uses to which it is put that determines its value to society. 范文5. Travelling People who like travelling have their reasons. They maintain that travelling can help them expand their scope of knowledge, especially geographical and historical learning. They go on to point out that touring will provide more chance for them to enjoy food and try on clothes that they otherwise cannot possible have. 注:geographical and historical 押尾韵，如:押头韵 clear & clean Those who dislike travelling have their reasons. They would argue that travelling means a considerable amount of money and energy. For example, traffic and accommodation require money and walking while seeing sights often tires you. In practice, travelling does more good than harm. If your finance and health permit, you might as well do some travelling from time to time. It will at least enable you to get familiar with people and things that you will probably grow to like and love. 注:1. in practice = I think 2. does more good than harm 好处比坏处多，其他表达方法: be superior to/ inferior to 比如:the advantages are superior to the disadvantages 3. enable 使 范文1. Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary? A test of spoken English will be included as an optional component of the College English Test (CET). Some people argue that it is absolutely necessary to hold a test of spoken English in China because we have been informed frequently that a Chinese student who has been learning English for over ten years cannot even communicate with a native speaker. Sometimes even those top students who excel in grammar and writing skills find their English inadequate to express their thoughts freely. A test of English will bring the college students an awareness of the importance of oral English, and will thus help them with their communicating skills. 使句子具有表现力的手段:1、用形容词修饰名词;2、副词修饰 动词、副词修饰形容词 On the other hand, some others still maintain that a good command of reading and writing skills will be enough for the English learners. To some extent their opinion derives from the fact that students are already under considerable pressure from their opinion derives from the fact that students are already under considerable pressure from their coursework. Another required test will only add to their burden. Moreover, some students may take the shortcut by focusing on several guessed questions according to the fixed format of the test, hoping for a coincidence to bring them good luck. In my opinion, a test of spoken English will do more good than harm. Since China will continue its policy of opening and reform, the ability to speak English fluently is a must for anyone who wants to surpass others in a highly competitive society. Whether I take the test or not, I shall spare no efforts to practice oral English in the remaining years of my college study. 范文21. Should smoking be banned? Should smoking be banned? Answers to this question vary greatly. Some people are in favor of the idea of smoking. They always say that it can get rid of the tiredness and make them refreshed. And they also say that giving and being given cigarettes is a sign of friendship. Therefore, they carry cigarettes with them wherever they go. 注:1. vary greatly 许多种 2. be in favor of = agree/ be of the opinion that 3. get rid of the tiredness and make them refreshed 使人神 清气爽 4. Giving and being given 给与被给。主、被动关系在英 文中用现在、过去分词表达。 But other people consider it very harmful to people’s health. They have heard the official reports that one person in the world dies from smoking every second. And they have heard the doctor’s warning that smokers are more likely to have lung cancer and to increase their chances of having heart attack. In addition, smoking pollutes the air and may cause fire accidents. Thus it has become a major threat to people’s life and property. 注:1.They have heard the official reports that ... 官方报告表明…… 2. be more likely to 更有可能，更容易 3. chance 可能性 There is some truth in both arguments, but human’s life and property outweighs anything else. If smoking brings us illness and death, why not have it banned by the government? Without cigarettes, can’t we come up with better ways to express our friendship and to make us refreshed? 注:1. outweigh 比……重要，同样的表达:be superior to/ be inferior to。overweight 超重 2. 最后用两句反问句结尾，非常精妙 课后作业 Private Cars 写成4段的首段写法: ? In recent years, with fast economic growth, private cars have appeared in many families in China. People's attitude toward private cars varies widely. ? With the increase in the general standard of living, some ordinary Chinese families begin to afford a private car. Yet, people's opinions of private cars vary from person to person/ public attitude toward it varies greatly/ widely./ is quite of the contrary./ differs sharply. ? In recent few years, the phenomenon/ issue/ problem of owning a private car has been brought to public attention/ in the limelight. People's views on/ opinions of owing a private car vary widely. 写成3段的首段写法: With the development of modern society/ science and technology, / With the improvement of people's living standard, more and more people can own private cars. cars are entering ordinary families. the growing number of people/ people in ever increasing numbers can have access to private cars.(此句是引言) 支持段的主题句: Some people claim that/ As is pointed out that/ It is generally believed that/ It is widely accepted that, there are some advantages of owning a private car. There is no doubt that private cars benefit people hugely. 支持段的分论点: ? 方便 First, private cars provide people with the most convenient form of transportation. ? 舒适 Second, it is comfortable for people to travel in, especially in changeable weather/ raining days/ sand storm. ? 炫耀 Third, only a private car can show a person's social status/ achievement/ success/ prosperity in his or her career. 否定段的主题句: ? However (Nonetheless/ Nevertheless/ But), there are some disadvantages of owing a private car/ Every coin has two sides. ? While enjoying the convenience that private cars bring us, we should not ignore the problem they create/ produce/ introduce/ make. ? Despite/ In spite of/ For all the advantages, they brings their own disadvantages/ problems/ negative effects ? Like anything else, private cars also have their own weakness/ limits. ? However, private cars are not without shortcomings/ faults. ? Yet other speak of the problems private cars have brought. They complain that...... ? However, private cars may also bring with it problems our society had not previously faced. ? Despite the increase in efficiency and convenience generated by private cars, the changes they bring could very well lead to potentially adverse consequences. 否定段的分论点: ? 占有空间 On the one hand, private cars take up/ occupy too much space. ? 交通事故 On the other hand, a driver should be careful/ cautious while driving, otherwise, car accidents are more likely to happen. ? 污染环境 What's more/In addition, private cars give off/ discharge/ release CO which pollute the environment/ air. 注意:所谓上义词是指抽象、概括和笼统的，就是比较superordinate 的词;而下义词就是具体的东西，即subordinate的东西。 第四段(总结段)的写法: ? Despite all the disadvantages mentioned above, I still think that the advantages outweigh/ are greater than the disadvantages. As for the above problem, I'm sure they will be settled by the scientists in the future/ It is only a matter of time for the problems to be solved. ? Unquestionably, the challenge of private cars means we all should consider how we can control them, so that they will not control us. ? Whether the private cars are a blessing or a curse is a difficult question to answer, yet the desire for the comfort and independence a private car can bring will not be elminated. ? Anyway/ Anyhow/ In any case, whether the effect is good or bad, one thing is certain: private cars have changed and will continue to change the way of our transportation, our leisure and our life. 选择题型变体逻辑结构(My View on Sth.) 选择性观点的变体的文章写作逻辑结构: Paragraph I:(1)引出将要评论的事物或者是观点; (2)简明扼要的提出人们在这个问题上的 两种不同看法。 Paragraph II:(1)提出作者观点(本文主题句); (2)举例加以论证。 Paragraph III:(1)总结全文(再次强调作者观点)。 范文17. My View on Fate There is no consensus of opinions among people as to the view of fate. Some people believe that everyone is born to a certain that he can not change, while some other people think that every man is the master of his own life. 注:1. consensus 相同意见 2. 第一句话可以套用，如范文18:There is no consensus of opinions among people as to the view of wealth. 3. while 轻微转折和对比，强转折用词but, however 4. master 主人 As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion. There is a saying, “Everyone is the architect of his own future.” Which means one’s fate is decided in his own hands. In fact, no one is destined to a certain fate in his or her life. Those who claim that they were born to fail or be unlucky just can’t realize how much inner strength and ability they have. We must depend on ourselves to changes our lives and make us successful and happy. 注:1. 第一句as far as与I agree重复，把后半句改为the latter opinion seems more reasonable。 2. architect 建筑师，archor 弓箭手 3. In fact 前后是转折关系，之前从正面阐述，之后从反面阐 述 范文17. My View on Fate (续) Let’s take Helen Keller, an extraordinary American woman, for example. When she was only 19 months old, she became blind and deaf. Instead of accepting her misfortune helplessly, she showed great courage and unconquerable spirit in fighting against her destined fate and was awarded the President’s Medal of Freedom in 1964 because of the achievements she had made for helping the blind, the deaf and the speechless. This story tells us that a wise man is always creating his own fate rather than waiting for good luck. 注:1. 本段开始举例 2. Let's take……for example 中间是插入语，表示强调， 举例不宜太长。 In conclusion, I believe that everyone is born equal and is the builder of his own fate We can have good fortune only if we take pains and work hard. We should bear the following saying in mind, “Every man is the master of his own fate.” 注:bear sth. in mind:把……牢记在心 范文13. The Way to Success 第二段:Strong will, perseverance and diligence are the three essentials of success. A man of strong will and perseverance always has an inflexible spirit. He sticks to his cause no matter how tough it might be. Dr. Sun Yat-sen was such a man. Many of his attempts failed, but he held to his purpose with firmness and finally succeeded in overthrowing the Qing Dynasty. Diligence means steadiness in one’s work and study. Su Qin stabbed himself in order to keep attentive to studies. Marx often worked 15 hours a day. Life is short and we have many things to do. Without diligence no one can achieve anything. II、社会热点话题写作逻辑结构 Paragraph 1: (1) 概括性的引出要评论的事物或观点(general); (2) 具体描述这个事物或者观点(或者是我对这个现象/ 事 物的基本看法specific)。 Paragraph 2: (1) 作者对该现象货问题的基本看法，即文章的论点句; (2) 支持性的细节分论点(至少两点); (3) 本段总结(可以省略)。 Paragraph 3: (1) 总结全文，定下结论(通常为我的对策或看法)。 四级作文 试题 中考模拟试题doc幼小衔接 数学试题 下载云南高中历年会考数学试题下载N4真题下载党史题库下载 2000年1月 Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic How I Finance my College Education. You should write at least 100 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below: 1. 上大学的费用(tuition and fees)可以通过多多种途径解决。 2. 哪种途径适合我(说明理由)。 How I Finance My College Education How I Finance My College Education 第一段:首先，应该是用一种描述性的语言引出讨论的重点: Nowadays/ At present/ Currently/ These days/ Today, tuitions and fees for college students are 【more expensive】 much higher than ever before. How to finance my college education has become a matter of concern. 第二段:有多种的方法，例如:1.向父母; 2.银行贷款 3.打工挣钱 第二段主题句:There are many ways to support my college education financially./ Ways to support my university study financially vary greatly/ are various. 第二段分写: In the first place, I can get/ gain/ obtain all the money from my parents. In the second place, I can apply for/ ask for a bank loan, especially set up/ established for college students/ undergraduates. What’s more, I can find a part time job to earn enough money. 第三段:我所赞同的方法(阐述原因，为何不选其他的方法)。 Personally/ As far as I’m concerned/ In my opinion/ From my point of view/ To my way of thinking/ As I see it, I prefer the bank loan for the following reasons. For one thing, my parents are not rich enough to afford me. For another, I will not have enough time and energy to study after finishing my part-time/ temporary/ odd jobs. In addition, I believe I can hunt a rewarding/ dream job after graduation, and then I will be able to pay off/ pay back/ return/ give back. Therefore /So /Hence,...... 使文章富有表现力的手段: 1、使用有难度的词汇; 2、使用形容词修饰名词，用副词修饰动词或整个句子; 3、使用被动语态; 4、使用倒装句;(not only... but also...;only...) 5、尽可能地使用名词，而不是习惯中的动词和形容词。 四六级作文翻译练习 绿化我们的城市 第一段: 近年来，随着工商业的迅猛发展，许多大城市中树木的数量大幅 度降低。人们作出各种努力防止树木被砍伐，但是，认识到绿化城 市也同样重要。 普通版 Recently, with the development of businesses and industries, more and more trees have disappeared in big cities. We have tried our best to prevent people from cutting trees. But, it is important to realize to make our cities green. 润色版 In contemporary society, while our industries and businesses have experienced a(n) rapid/ fast/ amazing/ marked/ fantastic development, the number of trees in many large cities has declined/ decreased/ reduced sharply/ dramatically. Although remarkable efforts have been exerted to prevent more trees from being cut, the realization of making cities greener is still of great importance. 注:区分industry 和 industrial 绿化我们的城市(续) 第二段: 绿化城市会带来很多好处。其一，绿化城市能够净化空气。科学 研究已经证明树木通过吸收作用可以降低大气中碳化合物的含量。 其二，它能够美化城市。到处是花草树木，我们会欣然地感到自己 置身于美丽的花园中。最后，绿化城市能够带来大量木材，这是解 决自然资源短缺的有效办法。 普通版 There are many advantages in making cities greener. First, it makes our air clean. Scientific research has proved that trees can reduce a great amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere through absorption. Second, it adds to the beauty of our cities. With trees and flowers everywhere, there is a pleasant feeling that we live in a beautiful garden and are closer to nature. Finally, it will bring us a lot of timber. And this is an effective way to solve the problem of lack of natural resources. 润色版 What benefits can the program of making cities greener bring to us? First, the air will be cleaner. Scientific experiments have already proved that trees can reduce air pollution by producing a lot of oxygen. This will improve the quality of the urban environment. Second, our cities will look more beautiful. Just imagine the city which is full of trees and flowers. What an attractive garden it is! What’s more, by making cities greener, we can provide our industry with timber the precious natural resources. 绿化我们的城市(续) 第三段: 绿化城市需要全国人民共同努力，人们不仅要广泛认识到城市绿 化对城市环境的贡献，还应该同心协力栽植更多的树木并保护它们 不受商业使用的侵犯。 普通版 Making cities greener requires people’s efforts all over the country. And people should not only realize that it is important to make cities greener for its contribution to urban environment, but also plant trees and protect them from being used in business. 润色版 Making cities greener requires more than widespread awareness; it calls for an immediate commitment to planting more trees and growing more flowers. (Making cities greener requires the whole nation’s efforts. And not only should most people gain the awareness of the significant contribution of making cities greener to urban environment, but also make a commitment to the protection of more trees against business.) 句型变化 A. (1) We can imagine the beautiful surroundings. (2) There are many trees along the streets. (3) There is a clean river in the city. (4) There are many fishes in the river. (5) There are willow trees on the one side. (6) There are some pieces of grassland on the other side. (7) There are many flowers on them. B. (1) Just imagine the beautiful surroundings if we have made our cities greener. (2) Green trees line the streets. (3) A clean river winds through the city, in which a lot of fishes abound. (4) On the one side stand rows of willow trees. (5) On the other side lies a stretch of grassland sprinkled with many yellow and red flowers. 1. There be... 1) a. There are fewer and fewer citizens who like to see films. b. Films are now losing their appeal for many citizens. 2) a. There are many people who complain of severe housing shortages. b. Housing shortages become the source of great complaint. 2. If 1) a. If you compare the two methods carefully, you will find the difference. b. Careful comparison of the two methods will show you the difference. 2) a. If we only apply book knowledge, we will not get good result. b. The application of book knowledge alone will not bring you good result. 3) a. If there is no pollution, man can certainly survive. b. Man can certainly survive in the world where there is no pollution. 3. In order to 1) a. In order to prevent the problem becoming too serious to solve, we must take an immediate step. b. An immediate step must be taken before the problem becomes too serious to solve. 2) a. In order to build a stable and prosperous nation, people should make new efforts. b. New efforts will bring ... 4. More and more 1) a. More and more people now prefer to stay at home and watch TV. b. People in ever increasing numbers prefer to stay at home and watch TV. 2) a. More and more people who become more and more rich can afford a motorcycle. b. The growing number of people who become increasingly rich can now afford a motorcycle. 3) a. More and more teenagers smoke cigarettes in recent years. b. Teenage smoking is on the rise/ increase/ decrease/ decline in recent years. 4) a. More and more teachers are needed with the development of economy. b. There is an increasing demand for teachers with the development of economy. 5) a. More and more trees have disappeared in the city. b. There is a sharp decline in the number of trees in the city. 社会热点话题 写作练习:Jobs for Graduates 1)大学生难找工作 2)原因很多 3)解决的办法 With the fantastic development of modern society, people in ever increasing numbers have access to tertiary education (高等教育). As a result, job-hunting is now becoming headache for most graduates. 范文23:Nowadays, college graduates come to realize that it is not easy to get a rewarding job. Most/ Many of them can not get a job right after graduation. The job market for college students/ graduates is getting tighter and tighter. According to a survey, only 80% of college graduates of the class of 2002 found jobs the year they graduated, compared with 95% in 2000. Why do college graduates find it increasingly difficult to get jobs? 第二段细节论证 分析原因: 1、Among the most convincing/ important reasons given/ cited/ offered/ identified by people for this problem/ phenomenon, one should be stressed/ emphasized/ mentioned... 2、One may regard/ see/ view/ think of the trend/ increase/ phenomenon as a sign of/ result of/ response to/ reaction to ... 3、The increase/ change/ failure/ success in ... mainly/ largely/ partly results from/ arises from is due to/ owing to/ attributable to the fact that/ several factors ... Several years ago, many students were enrolled in/ admitted to/ taken in/ matriculated popular major, so that the supply is superior to/ outweigh/ exceeds the demand. Many graduates are reluctant to work in the remote areas/ western provinces/ developing areas/ less developed country. Graduates without working experiences are now losing their appeal for many international cooperations, such as ... 国家制定法律法规 个人接受教育 III、图表题(table, bar graph, pie chart, line graph) 图表题的写作逻辑结构: Paragraph I:(1)概括描述图表:趋势描写; (2)具体描述图表:必要数据支持(细节性)。 Paragraph II:(1)提出自己理由和观点(本段主题句); (2)细节性分论点(主要是原因，用于支持自己的观 点，至少两点)。 Paragraph III:(1)预测未来和提出解决方法; (2)总结全文和表达作者自己观点。 【标题】Changes in People’s Diet Directions: Write a three-paragraph composition to: 1. State the changes in people’s diet in the past five years. 2. Give possible reasons for the changes. 3. Draw your own conclusion. You should quote as few figures as possible. Year Food 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 Grain 49% 47% 46.5% 45% 45% Milk 10% 11% 11% 12% 13% Meat 17% 20% 22.5% 23% 21% Fruit & 24% 22% 20% 20% 21% Vegetables Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 【短文】Changes in People’s Diet In the past five years there have been many changes in people’s diet. Grain, as the main food of most Chinese, is now playing a less important role, while the proportion of some high-energy foods, such as milk and meat, has increased. What has caused these changes? I think there are two reasons. First, people now have more money. The price of meat and milk is much higher than that of grain, so in the old days people couldn’t afford them. Now they have enough money to buy both meat and milk. Second, people nowadays pay more attention to the elements of their diet. They look for a well-balanced diet that will be good for their health. In short, there have been changes in people’s diet in the past five years because of financial and health reasons, and there will be further changes in the future. Year Food 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 Grain 49% 47% 46.5% 45% 45% Milk 10% 11% 11% 12% 13% Meat 17% 20% 22.5% 23% 21% Fruit & 24% 22% 20% 20% 21% Vegetables Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 【修改版】 As can be seen from the table, the past five years has witnessed dramatic changes in people’s diet. Grain, as the staple food of most Chinese, is now playing a less important role in their diet, while the consumption of high quality food such as meat, milk and fruit has greatly increased. There are two factors leading to the change. For one thing, people now enjoy a higher standard of living. In the old days few families could afford meat and milk every day, which often meant a big chunk of the family income. But now people have enough money to taste a rich verity of foods. For another, people of today attach more attention to nutrition. They are not merely content to fill the stomach. They are seeking the most reasonable diet which will do good to their health. In a word, with people’s standard of living getting higher and higher, changes in their diet will be more obvious and greater. 图表题的适用句型: 1. As we can see from the chart/ graph/ table/ diagram, ... 2. The chart/ graph shows/ displays that ... 3. As can be shown in the table ..., 4. The figures/ statistics in the chart reflect/ show/ reveal that ..., 5. It is clear/ apparent from the chart/ table that ... V、谚语格言题逻辑结构 Paragraph I:(1)点明要阐释的谚语或名言( general ); (2)用自己的话解释这一谚语或名言的意 思，有时有正反两面的逻辑(specific )。 Paragraph II:(1)作者对该谚语或名言的观点态度，即文章的论点句; (2)支持性的细节分论点，举例子论证(至 少两点，有时有正反两面的逻辑); Paragraph III:总结全文，定下结论(通常为阐明其现实或更深远意 义)。 Practice Makes Perfect Practice is the key to success in all fields of activity. It is practice alone which enables us to build up speed and efficiency. When we accomplish something perfectly without wasting effort, this is the result of long practice. 【改写为】An English proverb says/ One of the greatest men once remarked/ Nearly every civilization has its own equivalent to the proverb: "Practice makes perfect". It means that/ In other words, it is practice alone which enables us to build up speed and efficiency. When we accomplish something without wasting effort, this is the result of long practice. Practice Makes Perfect(续) Take the study of English for example. Only practice can enable us to spell words correctly and master the rules of grammar. And it is only through practice that we can become fluent in speaking and writing, there is no other way. Another good example is sports. Practice is the only way to become stronger and run faster. Besides, in team games practice is what improves our sense of cooperation and helps the team to win. 【改写为】History/ Our society abounds with the examples of "Practice makes perfect". ......(正反两方面都举例子) On the other hand/ On the contrary, no practice will only lead us to failure. There is hardly/ scarcely a man who can achieve success without practice. All evidence points to/ justifies/ lends supports to the fact that practice is the key to success in all fields of activity. 举例一般为:英语学习;体育锻炼 To sum up, there can be no achievement which is not based on a solid foundation of practice. 【改写为】For us college students, the saying/ proverb has a profound and realistic significance: there can be no achievement which is not based on a solid foundation of practice. 图表题:2002年6月考题 Topic: Student Use of Computers (at least 150 words) 1、上图所示为1990、1995、2000年某校大学生使用计算机的情况， 请描述其变化; 2、请说明发生这些变化的原因(可从计算机的用途、价格或社会发 展等方面加以说明); 3、你认为目前大学生在计算机使用中有什么困难或问题。 2002年6月的图表题作文: As is shown by the bar graph, the average number of hours a student in a certain university spends on the computer per week increased dramatically over the period from 1990 to 2000. In 1990, it was less than two hours. And in 1995, it hit/ reach four hours. And in 2000, the number soared to(飞速上升) nearly twenty hours, which is over ten times than that of 1990. 注:soared to/ boom/ shoot up/ rocket/ jump 飞速上升 climb 上升很慢 shrink 下降，缩水 第一段还有一种写法:……In 1990, the number was less than 2 hours, while the figure hit 4 hours(或者这样写:while in 1995,)as compared with that of 1990, it had almost doubled. And what impress us most is that the figure soared to..., which… Obviously computers are becoming increasingly popular for males and for females. A multitude of factors could account for the rise. In the first place, computers facilitate us in more aspects of life. Also, the rapid development of the internet enlarges our demands for using computers. We can easily contact friends in remote places through the internet. In the second place, the prices of computers are getting lower and lower, which enable more students to purchase them. However, there still exist some problems, such as, poor quality, out-of-date designs and so on. And how to balance the time between using computers an studying is also a serious problem. Anyhow, we will benefit a lot from computers as long as we use them properly. IV、书信题的写作方法: (一)信封格式: 名字、信箱、地域范围由小到大，写在右下角(与我们相反)。 (二)信纸格式: 日期:背月份的缩写 称呼(后面的标点是逗号):Dear Sir or Madam, To whom it may concern, 正文:空4个字节或者顶格写，段与段之间空行) 签名:sincerely yours 书信写作的五点要求: 1、开门见山说意图 2、咨询/ 建议1、2、3、 3、不同内容可分段 4、感谢客气不可少 5、期待回信成老套 (三)开头段: 1、告知对方你的身份(假如对方不认识你) Dear Sir/ Mr. Prometheus, I was a student at your college, enrolled in Philosophy Department. / I am a… at your… / I am a … at your college, enrolled in the… course. / My name is…, I am… 2、问候收信人(假如他/她是你的朋友) Dear Prometheus, Hello / Hi. How are you? / I hope everything is fine. / How are things going with you? / How are you getting on in / getting along with…..? 3、解释写信的原因 (1)致谢: I deeply appreciate your courtesy and I hope to reciprocate your favor when the opportunity arises. / I am greatly indebted to you for (the double) you have gone to on my behalf. / Thank you for your letter about studying in Canada. / I am writing to tell you how grateful I am for… / I would like to thank you most sincerely for… (2)抱怨: I am writing to complain about the poor service at your dining-room. / I am writing to express my dissatisfaction with / at… / I wish to make a complaint about… / I am writing to draw your attention to…. / I am afraid I have got a complaint about…. (3)致歉: I would be grateful if you would be so kind as to provide me with certain essential information regarding the following aspects. / I am writing to you because I am unable to…. / I an terribly sorry that…. / I would like to express my apologies for not being able to…. (4)询问: I would like to obtain /request/seek/inquire about some information about… / I am writing to ask if you can do me a favor. / I would like some detailed information on/about…. (四)结尾段: 1、发出请求 (1)Please give this matter your immediate attention. (2)I would very much appreciate it if……as soon as possible. (3)Please render me some valuable advice which is conductive to my final decision. 2、提供帮助 (1)I hope these……will be helpful, and please feel free to contact me for more information. (2)……will be taking responsibility for you and if you should need any assistance, she/he will be pleased to help you 3、再次表示歉意或感激 (1)Thank you for your kind assistance. (2)Please accept my heartfelt thanks and deepest gratitude, now and always. (3)I am sorry that I cannot……, and trust that you will understand. (4)In addition, let me apologize for any inconvenience I may have caused. (5)I shall feel obliged by a reply at your earliest convenience. (6)Once again, I am sorry for any inconvenience caused. 4、期盼回信:R.S.V.P. (1)I look forward to your prompt response. (2)Looking forward to a prompt reply, (3)I expect to hear from you very soon. (4)I hope to receive your reply shortly. (5)I am already eagerly awaiting your reply to this first letter. 书信题范文:2001.6 Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a letter. Suppose you are Zhang Ying. Write a letter to Xiao Wang, a schoolmate of yours who is going to visit you during the week-long holiday. You should write at least 100 words according to the suggestions given below in Chinese. 1(表示欢迎 2. 提出度假安排的建议 3(提醒应注意的事项 A Letter to a Schoolmate June 23, 2001 Dear Xiao Wang Example I: Dear Xiao Wang, I am very happy to learn that you are going to visit me during the week-long holiday. My parents will also be happy to see you again. I am sure you will enjoy every minute here. I know you like swimming. A river lies not far away from my home. We can go swimming there. I think it would be very pleasant and refreshing to swim in such hot summer days. In every big room of my home there is an air-conditioner. We can watch TV, play VCDs or read books very comfortably at home. A mountain about two miles away from here is beautiful and it is worth touring. We can go there on foot. When we climb to the top of the mountain, we can have a wonderful birds eye view of the whole village. Just phone me before you set off. There is no need for you to take anything. I’ll prepare everything for you. I am looking forward to seeing you soon. Yours, Zhang Yin 公文信函: 2002.1 Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: A Letter to the University President about the Canteen Service on Campus You should write at least 100 words, and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below: 假设你是李明，请你就本校食堂的状况给校长写一封信，内容应 涉及食堂的饭菜质量、价格、环境、服务等，可以是表扬，可以是批 评建议，也可以兼而有之。 January 12th, 2002 Dear Mr. President, Li Ming Example II: Dear Mr. Prometheus, I am a student at your TOEFL class and I am writing to explain my absence from classes since March 11, 2001. On March 10, 2001, I was involved in a serious motor vehicle accident. I was transported to the hospital in an ambulance, where I was treated for a broken ankle, fractured collarbone, and 3 bruised ribs. My doctor advised complete bed rest for 6 weeks, and as a result, I have been unable to attend classes since March 11, 2001. I am concerned about keeping up with my studies, and have been doing the required readings, as assigned by you. My biggest concern is whether I will be able to participate the final class. Would you please advise me regarding my courses, specifically if there will be any special consideration given to me in light of my current situation? Thank you for your kind assistance. I look forward to hearing from you soon. Sincerely, Janet, 写作 二 Sample 1 1. 很多人认为大学生应该尽可能自由地根据个人兴趣选修大学课程 2. 也有一部分人认为大学生在校期间应该按照学校安排的课程打好 基础 3. 你的个人看法 On College Students’ Freedom of Selecting Courses Nowadays college students are enjoying more and more freedom in their study. One example is that they are encouraged to choose college courses on their own. An increasing number of students are realizing that they should be their own masters in their study. Therefore, it is largely recognized that college students should be enabled to choose their college courses according to their individual interests as much as possible. However, there are still a portion of students who believe that college students should study the courses required by school authority. College students are too young to decide what knowledge is basic and necessary for their future work or further study while teachers and education experts are more experienced in choosing basic and necessary knowledge for students to study. So, why not leave the choice at their hands? Personally, I think that this matter should be dealt with according to how important the courses are. The courses that teach basic and necessary knowledge should be made compulsory and the other courses can be provided in an appropriate amount for students’ free choice. Thus, students can study the basic and necessary knowledge at the same time they choose to study a reasonable number of other knowledge according to their own interests. Sample 2 1. 有人鼓励大学生在完成学校课业之余可以考虑做一份兼职 2. 也有人觉得做兼职会影响学生的学习，会沾染不良社会风气 3. 作为一名在读大学生，你有否做兼职，你个人觉得做兼职的利弊 各在何处 The Advantages and Disadvantages of College Students Taking a Part-time Job Nowadays it has become popular among college students to take a part-time job in their spare time. I think this trend has advantages as well as disadvantages. The advantages of college students taking part-time jobs are like this: By taking a part-time job, college students can earn some money for their daily necessities, so they can help relieve their families of financial burden. And by taking a part-time job, college students can get some working experiences and how to deal with some problems they may face. However, the disadvantage of college students taking a part-time job can not be neglected. For instance, if they spend too much time on their part-time jobs, their study will be affected. They may not have enough time to master what they have learned in class. Since this trend has both advantages and disadvantages, college students should be careful when they decide whether they should take a part-time job or not. Sample 3 1. 现代人承受了来自个方面的很多压力 2. 在众多压力之下保持良好心情显得尤为重要 3. 你是如何看待保持良好心情的重要性这个问题的 The Importance of Keeping a Good Mood It is believed that modern people receive a lot of pressure, from education, career, or family. Therefore, keeping a good mood under whatever pressures is important. On one hand, keeping a good mood can help people possess a right attitude towards various difficulties and challenges. Self-confidence is always the best way for people to get out of the difficult situation. For example, some students have failed in exams for several times and now they are in deep frustration, but they never give up their hope and still believe they have the ability to pass the exams next time. This self-confidence will surely lead them to success someday. On the other hand, keeping a good mood can help people look at frustration with the correct attitudes. Thinking that failure is the mother of success, people can well go through the temporary difficulties and look forward to the bright future. As a result, we can realize how important it is to keep a good mood in order to face the pressure or challenges of modern society. When most people are aware of the importance of physical health, we must at the same remind them of the importance of mental health. Sample 4 1. 近年来大学毕业后很难找到工作，感到十分茫然 2. 社会上认为大学生就业难有很多原因 3. 就你个人而言，你认为有哪几个原因 Why College Students Have Difficulty Finding Jobs In recent years, it has become a fact that an increasing number of college students can’t find a suitable job after their graduation from college. In my view, there are mainly three reasons for this. First, our society can’t provide sufficient job vacancies for the graduates because there are more job hunters than the job opportunities the market can provide. Second, the various college courses fail to meet the needs of a certain job. What the students have learned in college falls far behind the practical working requirements. Third, college students are too particular about their future job. Many graduates only want to have a job with high salary while refusing to work with less pay or in undesirable working conditions. The above analyses tell us the causes are varied and complex. But if college students don’t take personal interest into consideration too much and if they change their employment concept, they can still have chance to find a job. Sample 5 1. 网络聊天已成为一种家喻户晓的联络方式，在大学生当中网络聊 天更是一种时尚 2. 也有很多人发现网络聊天也有不好的地方，对大学生的身心建康 也有害处 3. 你个人如何看待网络聊天 On Online Chatting In the past few years, chatting on the Internet has become a worldwide popular way of communication. Without exception, it has become a fashion among China’s college students. While there are a larger number of people sing high praise for this new means of communication, there are still quite a few who point out its defects. Online chatting is accused of increasing the psychological distance between individuals despite of the fact that people find it more convenient to contact each other through online chatting. Some people think online chatting is to blame for bringing about an increasing number of cheating. In my opinion, online chatting alone is not to blame for anything. What matters is how people use it in their lives. If used in the right way, online chatting can really help a lot, making life more convenient and enjoyable. But if used for evil purposes, it can also produce damages or dangers. Therefore, we should make use of online chatting with a rightful purpose. Sample 6 1. 如今诚信问题已受到社会上越来越多的人关注 2. 遵守诚信原则对于一个民族、一个社会来说具有十分重大的意义 3. 你觉得大学生作为社会的一分子应该如何起到促进社会诚信的作 用 On Promoting Honesty in Society The lack of honesty has become a widespread problem in society in China. An increasing number of people are complaining about the worsening situation of dishonesty. It is urgent that honesty be reestablished in society as soon as possible. Honesty has been one of the Chinese traditional integrities. But nowadays, some people aiming solely at making as much profit as possible are trying their best to increase their profit through whatever means, no matter honest or not. Thus more and more people fall victims to the dishonest. It seems that the whole society is losing its traditions of being honest. We, college students, should realize that it is of great significance to keep to the principle of honesty and do something to promote this principle in society. First of all, we must check out whether we are honest ourselves in what we say or do every day. Secondly, once we find that others are dishonest to us, we should point out his or her dishonesty and ask them not to be dishonest any more. Lastly, when you are honest to another person, you should apologize to him or her and make up for your mistake. Only in this way can we reestablish honesty as the universal values of our society. Sample 7 1. 近来有人提议要废除高考(NMT)，这一提议再度引发了如何看待 考试的讨论 2. 考试的利弊长久以来一直都是人们激烈争论的一个话题。 3. 你个人对考试 制度 关于办公室下班关闭电源制度矿山事故隐患举报和奖励制度制度下载人事管理制度doc盘点制度下载 的看法如何 My Views on Examination Most recently, it is proposed that NMT be done away with once and for all. This proposal brings the discussion on examinations on the table again. In most schools and college the examination is used as a chief means of deciding whether a student succeeds or fails in mastering a particular subject. Although it does the job quite efficiently, its side effects are also enormous. The most undesirable effect is that examinations encourage bad study habits. As the examination score is the only standard for his academic performance, a student is driven to learn by heart rather than to think creatively. Examinations also lower the standards of teaching. Since the teachers themselves are often judged by examination results, they are reduced to training their students in exam techniques. Personally, I don’t think that examinations can contribute anything really important to the students’ academic development. My suggestion is that educational authorities should devise more efficient and reliable measures to evaluate students’ ability of analyzing and solving problems. Sample 8 1. 有很多大学生毕业之后不想做他们看来工资不够高或工作条件不 够好的工作 2. 很多人认为大学生在找工作时态度不正确，对工作报酬和条件期 望过高 3. 你个人觉得大学生应该以何种态度面对就业 On College Students Choosing Jobs Many students are faced with various difficulties finding a job on graduating. Some students complain that either the salary offered is too low or the working conditions are not desirable. Thus a lot job offers are refused by job-hunting college students. However, some hold that it is not low salaries or undesirable working conditions that cause low employment in graduating college students. What really makes some college students loose plenty of job opportunities is their attitudes towards hunting for jobs. Some of them obvious expect too much of the job offer when they are looking for jobs. Personally, I think that it is necessary that a college student equip himself with not only sufficient knowledge but an appropriate attitude towards jobs. A college student should look at his first job as the beginning of his working career and do his job with a down-to-earth attitude. He or she should not expect to get high salaries too soon. What he or she should really expect is to seize every chance to improve and develop him or her. Sample 9 1. 大学生在入学之后开始有了很多可以自己支配的时间 2. 许多学生高中时习惯于老师安排学习时间，现在得自己来安排便 觉得有些茫然了 3. 你觉得如何大学生应该如何支配和使用自己的空闲时间才有意义 On College Students Controlling Their Spare Time Meaningfully After entering college, college students begin to have most of their spare time in their hands. To succeed in college study, a student should not only make the most out of the time in class but take good control of their spare time. In one sense, success in college study depends on reasonable time control. However, a considerable number of college students have long got used to the time arrangement made by their high school teachers. Now when it comes for them to decide how to arrange their time, most of them may suddenly be at a loss. There are some ways for college students to take control and make good use of their spare time. First, making a reasonable spare-time schedule for a week is of first importance for a college student to spend his time efficiently. A reasonable schedule helps a student make out what he has to do in a week and avoid unnecessary waste of time. Secondly, making good use of spare time in the daytime is more efficient than expecting too much of the spare time in the evening. Most students are more energetic in the day time than in the evening, so they can make more out of the daytime than the nighttime. Lastly, never putting things off till the last minute provides a college student with ever enough time. Never anticipate there is always a next minute for the present task. It often puts you at the point of no return to postpone till the last moment. Sample 10 1. 当今的中国年轻人与人交往时有困难或不知该如何与人交往 2. 与人成功交往有几个因素 3. 年轻人与人交往时应注意些什么 How to Be Successful in Communicating with the Others According a recent survey by Chinese Youth, 15% of the young people in China have difficulty in communicating with the others and the number seems to be increasing. There are several factors to be considered to succeed in communicating with the others. First, young people should be open-minded and sincere to the others. Open-mindedness and sincerity are the key elements for mutual understanding and mutual trust in successful communication. Secondly, young people should be tolerant towards the other people who might have done something wrong or might have hurt them in a certain way. A tolerant man always finds it much easier to live and cooperate with the others. Thirdly, young people should be warm-hearted and ready to help. For example, when someone is in trouble, those who can give a hand in time are welcome everywhere. To be open-minded and sincere, to be tolerant and to be warm-hearted and ready to help are the essential qualities a young person should possess so as to be successful in communicating with the others. 四级作文背诵范文 1 Directions: You are asked to write in 120-150 words about the title of How to Really Interest Customers. You should base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below: Outline: 1. 商家通过打折吸引顾客。 2. 人们对打折的兴趣减少。 3. 高质量和良好的售后服务是关键。 Sample Various businessmen provide discounts in order to attract more customers. Low price is quite appealing to those who are short of money or want to save money. In fact, this strategy has brought in a great number of customers for the businessmen over the past decades. However, this strategy has been losing its effects in recent years. Price no longer functions as a determinant factor in the choice of most people. They are increasingly aware of the importance of the quality of the goods. In my opinion, there are two main ways to really attract customers. On the one hand, the businessman must make full efforts to improve the quality of their products. On the other hand, good after-sales services must be provided to meet customer needs. Only by doing so can a businessman really interest more and more customers. 2 Outline: 1. 目前人们更加重视产品质量了。 2. 部分产品质量不好的原因是__________。 3. 如何采取 措施 《全国民用建筑工程设计技术措施》规划•建筑•景观全国民用建筑工程设计技术措施》规划•建筑•景观软件质量保证措施下载工地伤害及预防措施下载关于贯彻落实的具体措施 控制产品质量。 Sample As china has entered a market economy era, more people have realized that the quality of the products is vital and it is a matter of life and death. Therefore a great concern has been shown to the quality of manufactured products in China. The reasons for poor quality of products are as follows. First, some manufacturers are interested in making money only and have not paid much attention to the quality. They use poor quality materials for their products. Second, it seems that there is no effective system for quality law control. Not enough inspectors are employed by the government to check the quality of the products. Third, some unskilled workers are hired for the production, and they have no formal training. In my opinion, the following measures have to be taken. First, we should work out various laws to control the quality of products. Second, those who are responsible for the poor quality of any products should be punished severely. By doing so, the products quality will be improved and ensured. 3 Outline: 1. Juvenile crime(青少年犯罪) has become a serious problem in today’s society. 2. The different causes of juvenile crime. 3. How to prevent juvenile crimes. Sample Juvenile crime has become a more and more serious problem in today’s society. Many young people, unable to resist the various temptations of society, degenerate into moral depravity and some even commit crimes. There are different causes for such a widespread phenomenon. First, many young offenders lack warm emotional support and parental care from their families. Their parents, either too busy with their own business or too estranged to show their affections for their children, seldom set aside time for the education of their children. These children have nobody to turn to when faced with trouble from society and easily slide into bad habits and begin to acquire bad company. Second, the society is also to blame. Money seems to have become the central concern of many people. Those children with weaker will cannot resist the temptation of money and addict to material desires. In order to prevent juvenile crime, parents should devote more time to the care of children. They should themselves set examples for their offspring so that to tell their children to know the good from the bad. Furthermore, we should build a social system that is healthy for the growth of young children. Education should be given primary concern. Let the entire society be a school. Only through the collaboration of individual families and the society can we prevent juvenile crimes. 4 Outline: 1. 2008 奥运会在北京举行将对中国在各方面产生影响。 2. 将吸引外资，带动发展旅游业。 3. 中国应抓住发展机会。 Sample It is known that the Olympic Games 2008 will be held in Beijing. All of the Chinese people feel proud of this event. It will affect the whole nation in many ways. First, this event will attract more foreign capital into China. Many foreign investment institutions and individuals are looking forward to this opportunity, hoping that they will make a profit investing in China. Take Sydney for example, the Olympics 2000 brings about 4 billion dollar’s worth of profit to the Gross National Product. China, as a nation with great potentialities, ought to earn more. Second, with large numbers of tourists coming to this event, Chinese tourism and service industry will have an opportunity of blooming. To meet the need of foreign guests, China will have to put strength on basic construction and public projects such as traffic facilities and buildings, which, of course, will improve the living conditions of Chinese people. Therefore, China should take this opportunity to display the fruits of the modernization construction, letting the world know about modem China, making friends with the outside world. In this sense, the benefit of the Olympics 2008 is ever-lasting. 5 Outline: 1. 为什么树立目标很重要。 2(许多成功人士都有明确的目标。 3(没有目标，生活就没有意义。 Sample Why is goal-setting important? Because goals can help you do and experience every meaningful thing you hope for in life. Instead of letting life happen to you, goals allow you to make your life happen. Successful people have visions of what their life should be and they set lots of goals, both short-term and long-range, to help them realize the visions. By setting goals you are taking control of your life. It is like having a map to show where you want to go. A driver with an aim arrives at the destination without any waste of time or wrong turns. On the contrary, a driver with no aim drives aimlessly around, never getting anywhere and just using up gas and oil. Winners in life set goals and follow through on them. They decide what they want and then get there by making plans and setting goals. Goals are not difficult to set and they are not difficult to reach. It is up to you to find out what your goals, ideals and visions really are. With a clear direction, and with certain plans, you will straightly get what you want. Without a goal, you have to live a passive life. You do not know where to go, what you want and why you are listless. Then your life becomes dull and meaningless just like the dead water in a muddy lake. 6. Outline: 1. 中国学生从小习惯了被动型学习 2. 这种模式的教育所带来的副作用 3. 要提倡创新精神 Sample: Most Chinese students are accustomed to teacher-centered passive education. From primary school to college, bound to the teacher-centered, exam-oriented education, they are always encouraged to obey teachers’ instructions, but discouraged to arguer with teachers about what is being taught, let alone to form their own original ideas. However, this passive educational pattern has caused many problems and produced a lot of side effects. First, as students tend to follow the beaten track and dare not challenge what is conventional, they gradually form the passive way of thinking. To make things worse, as they are so dependent on others, most of them lack the ability to solve practical problems. Worse of all, this does not put out any sparks of inspiration in their mind and renders them to have no creativity at all. Admittedly, it will do harm in their future. But now, with the arrival of the globalization of economy, it’s advocated that we should develop students’ creative mind and cultivate their innovative learning habits. I believe, only those with break-new-ground spirit, creative mind and proper skills will succeed in the hotter competition of the global job markets. 7 Outline: 1. 终身学习的重要性。 2. 如何终身学习 3. 我的看法是__________。 Sample With the fast development of our society, life-long learning has become very important for everyone. This is because one needs to acquire new knowledge continuously in order to meet the needs of his work. There are several ways for one to learn life-long. One way is to take a part-time education program. That means, one is studying part time while he is working. The program could be at undergraduate level or graduate level. The second way is to study by oneself. He can learn whatever he need for his work on his own. He can learn from books, from TV programs or from radio. I think that life-long learning is very necessary to us. We can choose either of the two ways mentioned above. It depends on personal preference and interest. I prefer the first one because this kind of learning is systematic and formal. With the help of the teachers, it is easier to learn and quicker to get what we need. 8 Outline: 1. 大学生就业的现状(说明原因) 2. 找到理想工作的成功因素 3. 你的理想工作是什么(说明理由) Sample The employment for college graduates is getting increasingly serious. Firstly, it is because of the growing number of college students and graduates as well in recent years, which makes job market tighter than ever. What’s more, due to students’ false attitude toward employment, most of them fail to be realistic enough, and give too much priority to payment and opportunities of working in metropolitan cities. Doubtlessly, a sound background of expertise will ensure your chances of success in applying for an ideal job. Interpersonal skills are vital ingredients. And what really counts is the capacity for conveying your own viewpoints. Last but no least, appealing personalities, such as self-confidence and independence in tackling problems play important roles in job-hunting. I aspire to be a qualified Chinese teacher after graduation because of my major and personal keen interest in Chinese literature. It is my wish to impart the essence and the beauty of Chinese language to the students in the impoverished inland areas, who have been deprived of right to be educated. 9 Outline: 1. 有人认为孩子上补习班可以学到更多知识…… 2. 有人认为孩子上补习班加重了学生的身心负担，不宜提倡…… 3. 我的看法是…… Sample A public debate has risen as to the phenomenon that many parents send their children to various kinds of remedial courses. Some hold that it is of great benefit, but some set forth a totally different argument about it. Those in favor of the idea of remedial classes argue that remedial classes offer an opportunity to learn more things. They also add that children not attending remedial classes will not be as competitive as those who do. However, there are also people who think differently, for they believe students learn little in remedial classes since most of them are reluctant to attend such classes. What’s more, they think, children are in a stage of playing freely so these colorful remedial courses are nothing but a burden for them. Worst of all, believing what they miss in classes will be taught again in remedial classes. Some children become absent-minded in school. There is probably some truth in both arguments. As far as I’m concerned, the latter opinion is preferable because when I myself was a child, remedial classes brought me nothing but a strong dislike of learning. Therefore, don’t force your child to do what he or she has no interest in. Don’t let your child “eat” more than he or she is able to digest. 10 Outline 1. 这是一所大学里学生所购买书籍的变化 2. 你对于学生选择书籍类别变化的评论 3. 哪类书籍你买的比较多,说明原因 Booklist 1985 1995 2005 Philosophy and society 45% 23% 13% Novels 33% 17% 5% Foreign Languages 11% 31% 39% Computer Science 2% 19% 30% Others 9% 10% 13% Sample College Students’ Booklist The table shows the changes of students’ choices of various kinds of books from 1985 to 2005. Obviously enough, the number of novels and books of philosophy and society has declined gradually, with that of foreign languages books and computer science ones enjoying much more popularity. Though different readers have their own particular tastes, this phenomenon involves several complicated factors. Firstly, nowadays, most of the college students tend to buy more books concerning foreign languages learning and computer science, mainly because there is a pressing need of foreign languages and computer skills for their future employment. Secondly, novels are still popular though the selling number decreased thanks to the availability of the Internet. Most of popular books could be read online. I always buy books of computer science, firstly because it is my major. Secondly, it is well known that computer science often witness the fastest changes, thus in order to keep up with the pace, I have to constantly arm myself with new information.