Second edition geography review outline of PEP（人教版初二地理复习提纲）

Second edition geography review outline of PEP（人教版初二地理复习提纲） Second edition geography review outline of PEP(人教版初二 地理复习提纲) This article is contributed by "12311" DOC documents may experience poor browsing on the WAP side. It is recommended that you first select TXT, or download the source file to the local view. Renjiaoban Junior Geography review outline the first chapter, the territory of territory and population China 1.1 China of the great motherland: People's Republic of China is located in the East, north, east of Asia and the west coast of the Pacific ocean. Land and sea. Vast territory: land power: vast territory, land area of about 9 million 600 thousand square kilometers; land more than 20000 kilometers; land neighbors 14. Maritime powers: vast sea areas, Bohai, the Yellow Sea, the East China Sea, the South China sea. The more than 18000 km long coastline, across the sea the Indonesian Malay Brunei Philippines, Japan and South Korea the most northern Heilongjiang to the north of the Mohe County Heilongjiang main channel center 54 degrees N; most of East Heilongjiang and Wusuli River confluence of 135 degrees E. The South cengmuansha 4 degrees N. The westernmost Pamirs is 73 degrees E. Our country is vast in territory and vast in territory, with a total land area of Jovan square kilometers, almost equal to the size of the whole of Europe, and occupies the first place in all countries in the world. China is an important maritime country in the world. The mainland coastline is more than 18000 kilometers long. It is one of the longest coastline in the world in Shanghai. There are more than 6500 islands with an area of more than 500 square meters in our country. The width of our territorial waters is 22.22 km (12 nautical miles). The sea area under the jurisdiction of China is about 3 million square kilometers. Many of its neighbors: China's land borders long, 20 thousand square kilometers, a total of 14 countries bordering the East and North Korea (Jingle): North Mongolia, northwest Russia; West southwest India; apparently ABA; southern Burma and the old. Across 6 countries: Indonesia Malaysia Wenfei (Jingle) in Japan and South korea. Section 1.2 of the administrative divisions of Chinese administrative divisions in history: the current administrative divisions: basically divided into provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities), counties (autonomous counties, county-level city) and township (township level). There are 34 provincial administrative units in China, including 23 provinces, 5 autonomous regions, 4 municipalities directly under the central government and two special administrative regions of Hongkong and Macao. Taiwan is an inalienable sacred territory of our country. The name, 34 provincial-level administrative units and administrative center referred to as grade eight textbooks: page eighth section 1.3 Chinese population of the world first: the fifth census: China's total population is 1 billion 295 million, accounting for 1/5 of the world. The population now stands at 1 billion 300 million. The growth rate is faster: 1, the population base is 2, because of the superiority of the socialist system, the improvement of the people's living standard, the improvement of medical and health conditions, the average life expectancy and the death rate of the population. Uneven distribution: Tengchong, Mohe County, China's distribution of population density. Many characteristics of the population population population in the eastern region, the coastal features along the river, Lake area; population; plain, basin population; economy and transportation in developed area population; intensive towns, industrial developed area population; Han nationality population. The population in Western China is small; the population in arid desert area is small; the population in mountain area and plateau is small; the population in remote agriculture and animal husbandry area is small; most minority areas have less population. The population policy of our country: family planning, controlling the population quantity and improving the quality of population are a long-term basic state policy of our country. Section 1.4 Chinese population: 56 ethnic groups: China is a unified multi-ethnic family, Han, Zhuang, Mongolia, Hui, Tibetan, Uygur, Miao and other 56 ethnic members. The Han population is large, close to 92% of the total population of the country. Only 8% of the other ethnic groups are called ethnic minorities. Mixed and small communities: the Han nationality is the most widely distributed, mainly in the eastern and central areas. Ethnic minorities are mainly distributed in the southwest, northwest and northeast regions. In the Han nationality, ethnic minorities live in compact communities, and ethnic minorities live in the Han nationality. Ethnic customs: Mongolian Nadam Festival -; Yunnan Dai Water Splashing Festival; the Chinese nation: Dragon Boat festival. The second chapter China terrain environment, 2.1 China: East West High low, ladder like. The first step is arranged in a crisscross pattern of Tibetan Plateau in Southwest China more than 4000 meters above sea level; the second step in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau to the north and east of the altitude rapidly decreased to less than 500 meters 1000-2000 meters in some places One Third steps: second steps east of the terrain, more than 500 meters above sea level, here, many rivers flowing eastward into the sea, will bring sediment deposition down, forming a mountain near the sea, North and south of the alluvial plain. The first step: boundary demarcation and ladder second steps: the Kunlun mountains - Qilian mountains - the Hengduan Mountains; the dividing line - second steps and third steps of the Greater Khingan Range - Taihang Mountain - Wushan - the complex and diverse terrain: China's complex and varied terrain, mountain area wide. The Criss Cross Mountains and complex terrains provide us with a rich variety of natural landscapes, as well as the production activities and lifestyles of different parts of the country. The four Plateau: the Qinghai Tibet Plateau: the highest plateau in the world, known as the roof of the world". The mountains are covered with snow all year round. Inner Mongolia Plateau: Plateau, flat, open, northwest, more desert, Gobi, the eastern and central fertile grassland. Loess Plateau: the most widely distributed area of loess in the world. Yunnan Guizhou Plateau: most of the plateau terrain rugged, limestone widely distributed. The four major basins: Tarim Basin: the largest inland basin in china. Among them is the largest desert in our country - the Taklimakan desert. Junggar basin: the second largest basins in china. Qaidam Basin: known as the "cornucopia". Sichuan basin: the name of "Purple basin". The famous Chengdu plain is located in the western basin, agriculture developed, rich "the land of abundance". Three major Plains: Northeast Plains: black area is vast. The North China Plain, low-lying ground slope is very small. In the Yangtze River: China's famous "land of fish and rice". Section 2.2 of the Chinese climate complex: the temperature distribution in winter of north-south temperature difference is big, warm in the south, and the farther north temperature is lower. The north and South are generally hot in summer. Spatial and temporal distribution of precipitation: from the regional distribution, from the southeast coast to the northwest inland gradually reduced. From the time distribution, summer and autumn, winter and spring less. The climate types in China include temperate monsoon climate, subtropical monsoon climate, tropical monsoon climate, temperate continental climate and plateau alpine climate. Monsoon climate is remarkable: Although our country climate type is diverse, but monsoon climate is remarkable, monsoon climate area is most vast. The influence of monsoon is the main reason for uneven spatial and temporal distribution of precipitation. Continental characteristics. Many special weather: mainly cold wave, plum rains, typhoons, dust storms and so on. Multiple droughts and floods. Flood is a natural disaster which occurs frequently and loses seriously in our country. Drought is one of the most common and widespread climatic disasters affecting agricultural production in china. Section 2.3 Chinese River outflow area mainly refers to: basin concentrated area rivers or river. Water refers to water system in the basin of all sizes, rivers and lakes, swamps, underground rivers etc.. Surface and subsurface runoff finally flows into the ocean, known as the outflow river. The distribution area of outflow River becomes the outflow area. No river flowing to the sea, the river flows into the inland lakes or disappear in the desert of the river called the river. The distribution of river area, called the flow area. The hydrological characteristics of foreign rivers in China are greatly affected by monsoon climate. With Qinling Mountains Huaihe as the boundary, the rivers in the south area flow through the humid area, and the water is abundant. Rivers in the North run through semi humid or semi-arid areas. Compared with the outflow River, the hydrological characteristics of domestic rivers are obviously different. The largest river is the Tarim River: Chinese. The biggest lake in China is Qinghai Lake. The largest freshwater lake in China is Poyang Lake. Rolling in the Yangtze River: the Yangtze River originates from the Tanggula mountains, river flows through 11 provinces has Qinghai, Tibet, and ultimately into the East China Sea, a total length of 6300 km, It is the longest river in China and the third longest river in the world. Upstream: source - Yichang; midstream: Yichang - Jiangxi, Hukou; downstream: Jiangxi, Hukou - into Haikou. The middle section is called "sad and depressed feeling". Because of long traffic mileage and large volume of cargo, it is reputed as"". Two Surging the Yellow River: the Yellow River is the second longest river in China, and also one of the most famous rivers in the world. It comes from the Bayanhar, runoff in Qinghai, Sichuan and other 9 provinces, a total length of 5464 kilometers into Bohai. Upper reaches: headwaters - estuaries; midstream: estuaries - old Mengjin; lower reaches; old Mengjin - into Haikou. From the middle reaches of the Loess Plateau to bring a lot of sediment, so that the lower reaches of the river bed elevation, became the world-famous "river on the ground."". In the third chapter, the 3.1 China natural resources natural resources is what natural resources: natural resources are found in nature can provide material and energy for human welfare. It mainly includes climate resources, water resources, land resources, biological resources, mineral resources and marine resources. Characteristics of natural resources: the concept of natural resources is not immutable. In nature, the quantity of natural resources is enormous, but limited. The quality of natural resources varies from region to region. China's natural resources are second only to the United States and russia. Natural resources are controlled by large number of causes, but their distribution is regular, but they are generally homogeneous in the region. The condition of natural resources is constantly changing. Section 3.2 China land *6 25 world land day * land is the production of human life activities of the stage. "More people, less land" is our basic national conditions. Types are complete: all types of land resources in China are complete, forming a variety of land types, such as farmland, forest land, grassland and so on, which are favorable to local conditions. The grassland area in China, quanta in the world, provides good conditions for the development of animal husbandry resources. Our country is a Shaolin country. China's cultivated land area is less than one hundred million hectares. Land types in China include cultivated land, desert, forest land, grassland, Gobi, alpine desert and mountain rock. Regional differences are obvious: the spatial distribution of land resources in China is uneven, and the regional differences of land productivity are obvious. China's cultivated land is mainly distributed in the plains and basin areas of the eastern monsoon region. The natural forest lands in our country are mainly distributed in the northeast, southwest and Southeast, and the forest lands in the mountain areas are mainly man-made forests and secondary forests. Grassland in China is mainly distributed in the eastern part of Inner Mongolia and the eastern and southern part of the Qinghai Tibet plateau. The quality of land resources varies greatly in different parts of china. The north is mainly dry land. The south is dominated by paddy fields. The northwest inland is full of light and rich in heat, but it is short of drought and lack of water, mainly grassland and desert. Cherish every inch of land: treasure and rational use of every inch of land, 3.3 China water *3 22 world water day regional distribution disparity: China's water resources total number, but the per capita consumption is very low, about the world's per capita water 1/4. "East than in West, from south to the north". Uneven distribution of time: China's water resources in the distribution of time with more summer and fall, winter and winter less and inter annual variation of the characteristics of large. Reasonable use of every drop of water: because of our country's water resources distribution is not balanced, it is necessary to build inter basin water diversion project. * * * * * * * * * diversion diversion because of China's water resources allocation of time is not uniform, it is necessary to build the reservoir. * * * the fundamental way for the Yangtze (2) * * * the Yellow River (3) * * * is. Section 3.4 of the Chinese diversity of marine resources biological resources: China is rich in marine resources, more than two kinds of species, including 3000 species of fish, more than 70 kinds of main economic fishes. It is the four famous seafood of our country. The largest fishing ground is the Zhoushan fishing ground. Rich mineral resources: China's coastal continental shelf, contains a considerable amount of oil and gas. China's coastal placer deposits are very rich. A great deal of chemical resources: China's marine production is developing very fast. The biggest salt, the biggest salt (South). Protect "blue land": China has made great achievements in the development and utilization of marine resources, and now faces some serious problems. The fourth chapter of the regional differences Chinese Section 4.1 Qinling Mountains - Huaihe line in Qinling Mountains and Huaihe: Qinling Mountains lies in the central part of China, stretches 500 kilometers, north-south width of 100-150 km, height more than 1500-2500 meters. Huaihe originated in Tongbai mountain, flows eastward through Henan, Anhui, Jiangsu and other provinces into the Hongze lake, and then the mainstream through Gaoyou, Hunan into the Yangtze river. The geographical meaning of Qinling Mountains Huaihe line: geographical and geographical boundaries are very important in the process of learning geography. Geographical areas reflect geographical similarities within the region, and geographical boundaries reflect differences between regions. Qinling Mountains and Huaihe are important geographical boundaries in eastern china. On both sides of the north and south, the natural environment, geographical landscape and the living habits of the residents are significantly different. Grade eight page seventy-seventh Three The Qinling Mountains Huaihe line is north of Qinling Mountains and the south of Huaihe is the four major geographical region: the northern, southern, Tibetan and northwestern regions. The dividing line between the north and the south is the Qinling Mountains Huaihe line. The dividing line between the north and the northwest is the 400 mm annual precipitation line. The Qinghai Xizang Plateau and Northwest China are the boundaries of the Qinghai Tibet plateau. The boundary between the Qinghai Tibet area and the southern China is the boundary of the Qinghai Tibet plateau. Section 4.2 in northern and southern areas of the north area: Overview: northern area refers to the Northeast China north of Huaihe - Qinling Mountains area, the area accounted for 20% of the national population, accounting for about 40% of the country. The Northeast Plain, the North China Plain and Fen Wei plain are important agricultural areas in china. Culture: the northern region has a long history and culture, many scenic spots and historical sites, and rich cultural and tourist resources. Crops: spring wheat, corn, sorghum, soybeans, potatoes, sugar beets and so on. Temperate fruits: apples, pears, peaches, apricots, persimmons, dates, grapes and so on. Minerals: coal, iron, petroleum, two major industrial bases (and). South China: China's Qinling Mountains - Huaihe, south of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau east of the region, including the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the southern coastal areas and the three major regions of the southwest. Area of about 1/4 of the country, the population accounts for about 55% of the country. There are more than 30 ethnic minorities in the west of China, and Yunnan is the most populous province in china. Topography: the terrain in this region is high in the West and low in the East. The terrain is plain, the basin is interlaced with the plateau and the hills. The Plains area has many rivers and lakes, and the water network is vertical and horizontal. It has typical features of the Southland water village. Crops: rice, pig, orange, tea, mulberry, sugar cane, aquatic products and tropical crops. Mineral: nonferrous metal. Two major industrial bases (and) and (). Section 4.3 Qinghai Tibet region and northwest region in Qinghai Tibet region: Overview: the Qinghai Tibet region mainly include the west of Qinghai province and Sichuan Province, Tibet autonomous region, the area accounted for about 25% of the area, the population accounted for only about 1% of the national total. The main body of the Qinghai Tibet region is the Qinghai Tibet Plateau called "the roof of the world". Crops: highland barley, peas, wheat, rape. Religion: Tibetan buddhism. Terrain: mountains vertical and horizontal, glacier wide, traffic is very difficult. Highway: Kawa Hide, Qinghai Tibet, Yunnan Tibet and China nepal. Northwest China: located in the the Great Wall - Qilian range - Altun Mountains - the northern part of the Kunlun mountains, covering an area of about 30% of the country, the population accounts for about 4% of the total. Ethnic minorities: Mongolian, Hui, Uygur, Kazak, etc.; pastoral crops: meat, milk, skin, hair and so on; mineral resources: rare earth ore, nickel ore, coal, oil, lignite. Section 4.5 summarizes the northern plateau topography of the plains, the climate characteristics of summer high temperature and rainy winter: cold and dry the main rivers in the Yellow River, Heilongjiang the main mineral coal, iron, oil crops of Wheat Four The terrain features, basins, plains, plateaus and hills in southern China are characterized by abundant water and heat, major rivers, the main minerals of the Yangtze River and Pearl River, nonferrous metals, main crops, rice and sugar beet The Qinghai Tibet region has the highest topographical features, high climatic features, abundant sunshine, low temperature, main rivers, the main source of the Yangtze River and the Yellow River, potassium salt, and oil, the main crop of highland barley The geographical features of the Northwest China, the plateau and basin climate characteristics of dry, sunny, the main river, Tarim River, the main mineral, coal, oil, crop sugar beet One