2012高考英语不定代词专项讲练

高考英语复习不定代词1、常用不定代词 Some 一些,某Any 一些,任何many 许多much 许多 little 几乎没有few 几乎没几个a little 一点儿 a few 少数几个every 每一个each 各、每both 二者都 either 二者中任何一者neither 二者都不 all 所有一切 none 全部不 other 别的、其他的another 另一个 no 没有 one 一个 some,any,every和no都可以与body,thing和one构成不定代词在用法上保持some, any,every和no的特点,但这些合成的不定代词只能作名词性代词,不能作形容词性代词。 2、不定代词在句中的作用 (1)不定代词既可用作名词,也可用作形容词,大多数在句子中可作主语、宾语、 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 语、 同位语和定语。1)作主语:Everything goes well!万事如意! 2)作宾语:We admire all of you.我们钦佩你们大家. 3)作表语:That’s all for today.今天就到这儿。 4)作同位语:He is taller than you all.他比你们都高。 5)作定语:All the people are present.所有的人都到了。 (2)every和no在句子中只作定语, Every child can get a gift for Christmas.每个孩子都能得到一件圣诞礼物。 I have no idea about it.对此我一无所知。 3、常见不定代词的用法 (1)one, that和it one表示泛指,that和it 表示特指。that与所指名词为同类,但不是同一个,而it 与所指名词为同一个。我找不到我的帽子。我不知道我把它放在哪了。 one泛指任何人,可以在形容词和that,this等词后代替刚提过的可数名词,其所有格形式为one’s,反身代词为oneself,复数形式为ones。 1)泛指“人”,如: One should be strict with oneself.人应该严格要求自己。 2)表示“一个人或物”,如: 1 Chinese is one of the most useful languages in the world.汉语是世界上最有用的语言之一。 3)代替上文己出现过的可数名词,如 I’ve lost my pen. I want to buy a new one.我的钢笔丢了,我想买一枝新的。 4)the one和the ones表示特定的人或物,如: No film is as good as the one I saw last week.我上周看的电影最好。 Students who do well in examinations are the ones who ask questions in class.考试成绩好的都是上课爱提问的学生。 5)One前可以有形容词修饰,这时它需带冠词或受形容词性的物主代词修饰,如: I have two balls. The old one is on the floor. The new one is in my hand.我有两个球,旧的在 地板上,新的在我手里。 He bought a new pen yesterday. His old one is broken.昨天他买了一支新钢笔,他那支旧的坏了。 6)one可用this,that,any,some,each,the,next,every,which等修饰,如: Here are two umbrellas,which one is yours?This one or that one?这儿有两把伞,哪一个是你的?这个还是那个? 7)one或ones带后置定语时,前面要加定冠词,如: Is this the one you want?这是你想要的那个吗? 8)one和it的区别,如:one和ones是泛指,表示同类中的任何一个或几个,it是特指,指代上文出现过的某一物。如:This book is a good one. May I borrow it?这是一本好 书 关于书的成语关于读书的排比句社区图书漂流公约怎么写关于读书的小报汉书pdf ,我可以借它吗? 比较I can't find my hat. I think I must buy one.(不定) 我找不到我的帽子了。我想我该去买一顶。 The hat you bought is bigger than that I bought.(同类但不同个) 你买的那顶帽子比我买的大。 I can't find my hat. I don' t know where I put it.( 同一物) (2)some和any的用法 1)some和any均表示“一些”,既可修饰可数名词,也可修饰不可数名词;some一般用 于肯定句中,any多用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中,some和any可用作名词(作主语和宾语),也可用作形容词(作定语), Some of the students will go to Qingdao tomorrow.明天有些学生将去青岛。(作主语) Is there any left?还有剩下的吗?(作定语) There isn’t any time left.没时间了。(作定语) 2)some用于单数可数名词前,表示“某一(个)”,如: I’ve read the story in some book.我在某本书中读过这个故事。 Some girl is waiting for you at the school gate.有个女孩在校门口等你。 3)some与数字连用,意为“大概”,“大约”,如: The country has exported some two million bikes this year.这个国家今年己出口了大约200万辆自行车。 4)some用于疑问句,表示说话人希望得到肯定的回答或表示请求、建议,如: May I have some water?我可以喝些水吗?(请求,期待给予肯定回答) Would you like some apples?想吃些苹果吗?(邀请) 5)any可用于肯定句,表示“任何的”,修饰单数可数名词, 如:Y ou may choose any student。你可以选择任何学生。 6)any可用作状语,表程度,如:I can’t stay here any longer.我不能再呆在这儿了。(3)each和every的用法 1)each“每个,各,各自的”,强调个体,在句中充当定语、主语、宾语和同位语,every 强调整体,表示“每个都”,在句中只能作定语,如: Each room can seat at least fifty people.每个房间至少能坐50人。(作定语) Every one has strong and weak points.每个人都有优缺点。(作定语) Each of the students will get a new book.每个学生将得到一本新书。(作主语) Each child will find his own personal road to success.每个孩子将会找到他个人的成功之路。(作定语) The headmaster shook hands with each of us in turn after the game.比赛后,校长同我们每个人一一握手。(作宾语) We each have our own attitude to teaching students.在教学问 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 上,我们每个人有各自的看法。(作同位语) 2)each指两者或两者以上的人或事物中的每一个,every指三者或三者以上的人或事物中的每一个,如: There are trees and flowers on each side of the street.街道的每一边都遍布树和花。 Every student has read a poem.每个学生都读了一首诗。 3)every可以表示“每隔”,构成“every+数词+复数名词”“every+ few+复数名词”“every+ other+单数名词”或“every+序数词+单数名词”。Each没有这种用法,如: every three days每隔2天,每3天every other hour/every second hour每隔1小时every few days每隔几天 (4)both和all的用法 1)both表示“两者都是”,all指“三者或三者以上的、全体”,在句中可作主语、宾语、定语和同位语 Both of the students are fifteen.这两名学生都是15岁。(作主语) All but one are present.除了一人外,其他的人都到了。(作主语) She asked both of them to leave the city.她让他们两人都离开这座城市(作宾语) Both plans are good.两个 计划 项目进度计划表范例计划下载计划下载计划下载课程教学计划下载 都是好的。(作定语) All men are equal.所有的人都是平等的。(作定语) Y ou are both too young.你们两个都太年轻。(作同位语) They all agree to stay here.他们都同意呆在这儿。(作同位语) 2)all除指人外,还可指物,表示“所有,一切”,作主语时,谓语动词用单数, All is over with him.他一切都完了。(指情况) 3)all还可修饰不可数名词,如: All hope has gone.所有的希望都破灭了。 4)both和all同否定词连用,表示部分否定,如要表示全部否定,分别用neither和none,如: Both of them are not singers.他们俩不都是歌手。(部分否定) Neither of them is a singer.他们俩都不是歌手。(完全否定) Not all books are good.不是所有的书都是好书。(部分否定) None of the books are good.这些书都不是好书。(完全否定) (5)much和many的用法 much和many都有“许多”的意思,much表示或修饰不可数名词,many表示或修饰可数名词。 1)much或many多用于疑问句或否定句,在肯定句中常用a lot of,lots of,plenty of,a large quantity of,quantities of 代替,much还可用a great deal of 代替,many还可用a(large) number of代替。 2)much和many在句中可作主语、宾语或定语,many作主语时,谓语动词用复数,much 作主语时,谓语动词用单数,如: Many of the students did well this time.这次许多学生做得好。(作主语) Much of the time is free.  许多时间是空闲的。(作主语) I have much to say.我有许多话要说。(作宾语) I don’t have much to do today.今天我没太多的事要做。(做宾语) Many people wanted to stay here.许多人想呆在这儿。(作定语) There’s much water in the bottle.瓶里有许多水。(作定语) 3)much可用作副词、作状语,表程度,如: The city is much larger than that one.这个城市比那个城市大多了。 4)be not much意为“不怎么样”,如: I’ve visited the country and it is not much.我拜访过那个国家,并不怎么样。 5)much还可与too连用,构成“too much+不可数名词”短语,意为“太多的……”如: There is too much noise in the classroom.  在教室里有太多嘈杂声。 6)much还可与too连用,构成much too“非常”副词词组,修饰形容词、副词,不修饰动词,如: I’m much too busy to see visitors.我太忙,不能会见来访者。 7)“many a+可数名词单数”表示“许多”,如: Many a way has been tried.己试过不止一个 方法 快递客服问题件处理详细方法山木方法pdf计算方法pdf华与华方法下载八字理论方法下载 了。 8)在名词前如果有冠词或指示代词等词时,要用many of或much of结构,如: Many of my books are English.我的书大多是英语书。 (6)either和neither的用法 Either指“两个人或物中的任何一个”,表示肯定意义,neither指“两个人或物中一个也不,两者都不”表示否定意义。 1)这两个词在句中可作主语、宾语、定语,作主语时谓语动词用单数,如: Either of them has a pen.  他们两人都有一枝钢笔。(作主语) Neither is wrong.哪个都没错。(作主语) “Do you speak German or French?”“I don’t speak either.”“你讲德语还是法语?”“这两种语言都不说。”(作宾语) Neither answer is right.两个答案都不对。(作定语) I know neither of the two men.这两个人我一个也不认识。(作宾语) There are trees on either side of the road.路两旁有树。(作定语) 2)either可放在否定句的句尾,表示“也”,如: I don’t know either.我也不知道。 3)either修饰名词时,前面不用物主代词,表示代词或定冠词,可以说:either pen但不能说the either pen或either my pen。 4)either用作代词时,可以单独使用,也可和of连用,of后接复数名词,名词前要用一个物主代语、指示代词或定冠词,如: He doesn’t like either of the two places.他不喜欢这两个地方中的任何一个。 5)当either of作主语时,动词一般用单数形式,但在否定句和疑问句中,动词也常用复数,特别在口语中,如: Either of them is good enough.他们两个都足够好。 I don’t think either of them are at home.我认为他们俩都不在家。 6)either…or…,意为“不是……就是……,或者……或者……”,连接两个名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词在人称和数上要同最近的主语保持一致,如: Either he or I am to blame.或者他或者我将受到责备。 Is either he or you going to the cinema?他去看电影,还是你去呢? Are either you or he going to the cinema?你去看电影,还是他去呢? (7)no和none的用法 1)no表示“不”“无”,只能作定语,修饰不可数名词或可数名词单、复数,相当于not any 或not a。none表示“没有人,任何人也不”,用作名词,相当于no one或not any。 2)none常用of连用,构成none of…结构,none作可数名词用时,指“三者或三者以上都不”,作主语时谓语动词用单数或复数均可,none作不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数, none在句中作主语或宾语,不作定语,不与名词连用,如: There is no water in the bottle.瓶里没有水了。(作定语) He has no choice but to lie down.他除了躺下,别无选择。(作定语) None of the books are(is)interesting.没有一本书是有趣的。(作主语) He knows none of us.我们之中他谁都不认识。(作宾语) 3)“none but+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词要用单数,如: None but wolves walks like that.除非狼才会那么走。 4)none和no one的用法 none回答以how many/much引导的特殊疑问句或“any of+限定语+名词”或表一定范围的一般疑问句及含有anybody或无限定范围的一般问句,简言之,none表示数量,no one 表示人,如: —How many students are there in the classroom now?现在教室里有多少学生?—None.一个也没有。 —Have any of you ever been to the Great Wall?你们中有人去过长城吗?—None.一个也没有。 —Who can answer the question?谁能回答这个问题?—No one.没有人。 (8)few和little的用法 1)few和little均表示数量,但用法及表达意义有所不同,如下所示: 修饰可数名词修饰不可数名词 肯定意义 a few a little 否定意义few little 2)在句中可作主语或定语,如: Few of the books are for children.这些书中几乎没有合适孩子们的。(作主语) There’s a little water in the bottle.瓶里有点水。(作定语) I know a few of them.他们当中我认识几个。(作宾语) 3)a little常可同a bit换用,但not a little相当于very或much,意为“很”“丰常”,not a bit意为“一点也不”,相当于not at all He did not feel a bit sorry.他一点也不觉得难过。 He is not a little tired.他很累。 4)有关的固定搭配,如: not a few 相当多的only a few仅少数,只有几个make little of对……不大理解 little or no几乎没有little by little逐渐地quite a few 相当多的not a little很,非常 (9)复合不定代词的用法 1)some,any,no和every都可以和one,body,thing连用,构成复合不定代词,如:someone, somebody,something,anyone,anybody,anything,everyone,everybody,everything, no one,nobody和nothing。以some为首的复合不定代词用法同some,以any为首的复合不定代词用法同any,如: There is something interesting in today’s newspaper.今天的报纸上有有趣的事。 Is there anything interesting in today’s newspaper?今天的报纸上有有趣的事吗? 2)复合不定代词在句中只起名词的作用,在句中可作主语、宾语和表语,作主语时,谓语动词用单数,Does anybody live on the island?有人住在这个岛上吗?(作主语) He knows nothing about it.对于那件事,他一无所知。(作宾语) She is a singer or something.她是一名歌手或什么的。(作表语) 3)形容词在修饰复合不定代词时,要放在所修饰词的后面,作后置定语,如: There’s nothing serious.没什么要紧的。 4)everyone或everybody用于泛指,其后不可跟表范围的of短语,如要跟表范围的of短语,则就分开写(every one,every body),如: Is everyone here today?大家都到齐了吗?(泛指) Every one of the students has a new book.这些学生中每人有一本新书。(特指) 5)“人称代词+each”结构中,后面的谓语动词应用复数,“each of+人称代词”结构中,谓语动词用单数 They each are sure that they will get there on time.他们每个人都坚信他将准时到那儿。 Each of them is sure that they will get there on time.他们每一个从都坚信将准时到那儿。(10)other、another、the other和others 1)other可作形容词或代词,做形容词时,意思是“别的,其他”,泛指“其他的(人或物)”。如: Do you have any other question(s)? 你还有其他问题吗? Ask some other people. 问问别人吧! 2)the other指两个人或物中的一个时,只能用the other,不能用another,此时的other作代词。如: He has two daughters. One is a nurse, the other is a worker. 他有两个女儿,一个是护士,另一个是工人。 the other后可加单数名词,也可加复数名词,此时的other作形容词。如: On the other side of the street,there is a tall tree. 在街道的另一边,有一棵大树。 Mary is much taller than the other girls. 玛丽比其他的女孩高得多。 3)others是other的复数形式,泛指“另外几个”,“其余的”。在句中可作主语、宾语。如: Some of us like singing and dancing, others go in for sports. 我们一些人喜欢唱和跳舞,其余的从事体育活动。 Give me some others, please. 请给我别的东西吧! There are no others. 没有别的了。 4.the others意思是“其他东西,其余的人”。特指某一范围内的“其他的(人或物)”。是the other的复数形式。如: Two boys will go to the zoo, and the others will stay at home. 两个男孩将去动物园,其余的留在家里。 the others=the other +复数名词,这在第2条中已经有所介绍。 5)another=an+ other,既可作形容词,也可作代词,只能用于三个或更多的人或物,泛指 同类事物中的三者或三者以上的“另一个”,只能代替或修饰单数可数名词。如: I don’t like this one. Please show me another. 我不喜欢这一个,请给我看看另一个。 I have three daughters. One is a nurse, another is a teacher and another is a worker. 我有三个女 儿。一个是护士,另一个是教师,还有一个是工人 (11) one, that和it one表示泛指,that和it 表示特指。that与所指名词为同类,但不是同一个,而it 与所指名词为同一个。 I can't find my hat. I think I must buy one.(不定) 我找不到我的帽子了。我想我该去买一顶。 The hat you bought is bigger than that I bought.(同类但不同个) 你买的那顶帽子比我买的大。 I can't find my hat. I don' t know where I put it.( 同一物) 我找不到我的帽子。我不知道我把它放在哪了。 巩固练习 1.He can't hear you, because there is ____ noise here A.very much B.too much C.much too D.so many 2.____ name is Han Meimai. A.Herself B.Hers C.She D.Her 3.All of us were invited, but ____ of us came A.neither B.none C.both 4.The weather in Shanghai is different from ____ A.Baotou B.Baotou weather C.that in Baotou D.those of Baotou 5.There isn't ____ water in the cup. A.any B.many C.some D.the 6.----Is this ____ pen? ----No, ____ is on my desk. A.your; my B.yours; my C.your; mine D.yours; mine 7.The bottle is empty. There is ____ in it. A.anything B.something C.nothing 8.----Look! We have ____ sugar. ----Really? Let's go and buy some. A.few B.a few C.little D.a little 9.There isn't ____ milk in the fridge. Y ou'd better buy some. A.no B.any C.some 10.----“There isn't ____ water here. Could you get ____ for me?” ----“All ringht.” A.some; some B.any; any C.some; any D.any; some 11.Today, ____ trees are still being cut down somewhere in the world. A.much too B.too much C.many too D.too many 12.There are lots of English books here, and ____ of them is easy to understand. A.both B.all C.every D.each 13.Is the shirt on the bed ____ ? A.yours B.your C.you 14.Mr Green taught ____ English last year. A.our B.we C.us 15.These sweaters are too small for me. Please show me ____ one. A.other B.others C.the others D.another 16.Mary can't go with us. ____ has to look after ____ mother at home. A.She; his B.She; her C.He; her D.He; His 17.There isn't ____ paper in the box. Will you go and get ____ for me? A.any; some B.any; any C.some; some D.some; any 18.I often help ____ . A.he or she B.his and her C.him and her D.his and hers 19.There are some trees on ____ side of the street. A.both B.all C.either D.every 20.“Which of the two dictionaries do you like better?”“I like ____ , because they're not useful.” A.both B.either C.all D.neither 21.They were all very tired, but ____ of them would stop to take a rest. A.any B.some C.none D.neither 22.There were ____ people and noise in the park last Sunday. A.many; much B.much; much C.much; many D.many; many 23.____ of them has a dictionary and ____ one of them can look up words in the dictionary. A.Each; every B.Every; each C.Each; each D.Every; every 24.Please keep together. We want ____ of you to get lost. A.none B.some C.many D.any 25.There is ____ water here; but there are quite ____ empty glasses. A.little; a few B.few; little C.few; a few D.little; a little 26.The skirt is ____ . She made it ____ . A.hers; herself B.her; herself C.herself; hers D.herself; her 27.“Haven't you forgotten ____ ?”“____ ,oh, I forgot my bag.” A.anything; Excuse me B.something; Excuse me C.something; Pardon D.everything; Pardon 28.Be quiet! I have ____ to tell you. A.important anything B.anything important C.important something D.something important 29.My father is very busy with his work. He has ____ time to do the housework. A.little B.few C.a little D.a few 30.---- ____ of the boys in Class Four are playing games. ----____. A.All B.Each C.The both D.None 31.The boy promised ____ mother never to lie to ____ again. A.his; him B.her; her C.her; him D.his; her 32.“Would you like some milk in your tea?”“Y es, just ____ .” A.much B.a little C.a few D.little 33.____ school is much larger than ____ . A.Their; our B.Their; ours C.Theirs; ours D.Theirs; our 34.Put it down, Richard. Y ou mustn't read ____ letter. A.anyone's else's B.anyone's else C.anyone else's D.anyone else 35.He found ____ very interesting to ride a horse. A.this B.that C.it D.which 36.Han Meimei, what about ____ to eat? A.everything B.something C.nothing D.anything 37.____ office is much smaller than ____ . A.Ours; yours B.Our; yours C.Theirs; our D.Y our; their 38.“Help ____ to some meat, Mary,”my aunt said to me. A.themselves B.ourselves C.yourself D.himself 39.There are twenty teachers in this grade.Eight of them are women teachers and ____ are men teachers. A.the other B.the others C.others D.other 40.Though they had cleaned the floor, there was still ____ water on it. A.little B.a little C.few D.a few 参考答案 1.B.too much只能修饰不可数名词,much too 修饰形容词或副词,very much可修饰动词;many只能修饰可数名词,不能修饰不可数名词。 2.D.her作物主代词,意为“她的”,注意her还可作she的宾格。 3.B.句意:“我们都接到邀请,但我们谁没来。”none是all的反义词,表示“(三者以上的)没有一个(人或物)。” 4.C.that作为代词。代替主语weather. A项错误在于Baotou与前面的主语weather不相对应,无法比较。代词that既可代替不可数名词,也可代替单数可数名词。 5.A.any用于疑问句和否定句,some用于肯定句。 6.C.your是形容词性物主代词,只能作定语修饰名词;mine是名词性物主代词,可作主语、表语和宾语,但不能作定语。 7.C.空白处填nothing是与前一句的empty相呼应、吻合的。 8.C.从后一句“去买些糖”可知“糖不多了”。little的意思是“少”,有否定含义,只能修饰不可数名词,a little是“一点”,有肯定含义。few和a few是修饰或代替可数名词,前者否定,后者肯定。 9.B.肯定句中用some,疑问句和否定句中用any。 10.D.前一句是否定句,故用any ;后一句是说话者恳请别人做某事,希望对方同意,并认为对方能同意,故用some。 11.D.too much只能修饰不可数名词,too many只修饰可数名词;A项只修饰形容词或副词; C项本身就是错误的。 12.D.every和each都作“每一个”讲,但every只能作定语;each既可作定语,还可作主语、宾语、同位语等成分。both和all作主语(代替可数名词),谓语动词应用复数。 13.A 14.C.代词作宾语应用标本宾格,us是we的宾格。 15.D.other意为“别的、其它的”,可修饰单数名词,也可修饰复数名词。others表示“别人”或“别的事物”,是泛指的复数概念。the other是特指的“其余的(人或物)”。another 是泛指的“另一个(人或物)。”16.B.She在句中作主语,故用主格,her作物主代词。 17.A. 18.C.代词作宾语应用宾格。19.C.此处的either可换用each;both后修饰复数名词。 20.D.后一个分句说“没有用”,当然是“两个都不喜欢。” 21.C.前一句说“她们都累了”,后一句说“他们都不愿停下来休息”,故填none. 22.A.“人多(many)”故然“噪音大(much)”。 23.A.each可作主语,而every不能,故第一空填each。every 和each 都不可作定语,但 every强调全体,而each强调“个体”,故第二空填every。24.A.前一句说“让大家靠近些”。后一句是说希望大家谁也不要掉队,故用none。 25.A.前一空填little,表示“水很少”.第二空填a few,修饰可数名词glasses,注意quite a few的意思是“好几个”。26.A.注意第二句中的herself意为“亲自”。 27.A.乙方说“Excuse me”,是表示他正在查点他的东西。 28.D.形容词修饰something、anything之类的复合不定代词应后置。 29.A.“我的父亲”忙于工作,故几乎没有时间做家务,故用little. 30.A.填all,表示“所有的男孩”都在做游戏。B项的each作主语,are应改为is。C项本身就是错的,the不能放在both前。因为此句没有表示否定含义(即选none的条件),故不能选之。 31.D.句意:“那个男孩向他妈妈许诺再也不对她撒谎了。”promise sb.(never)to do sth.向某人许诺(永远不)做某事了。lie to sb.对某人撒谎。32.B.just a little只来一点;just a few 只有几个. 33.B. 34.C.此题考查else的所有格形式,else修饰复合不定代词需后置,其所有格形式是在else 后加’s,因此在anyone后加’s是没有道理的。35.C.it 做形式宾语,代替在句尾作真正宾语的不定式短语to ride a horse,very interesting是形容词短语作宾语补足语。注意此句型结构:“find+it+名词/形容词/分词+to do sth.”36.B.用something表示邀请。如用anything 则非邀请,而是单纯的询问。37.B.38.C.yourself与后面的me相对应。39.B,除了八位女教师之外的“余者(the others)”是男教师 40.B.地板上还“有点儿(a little)水”。