it, one 和that作代词时的用法
请看下面一道高考题:
I prefer a flat in Inverness to_____ in Perth, because I want to live near my Mom’s. (2005天津)
A. one
B. that
C. it
D. this
分析
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:此题涉及到代词it, one, that 的用法。这几个词都可用来代替前面已出现过的人或物以避免同一名词的重复使用,但它们在用法上各有特点。在此题中,one 代替同类事物中的另一样东西,故正确答案是A。
代词it, one, that 用法是近几年高考命题的热点词汇,也是多数同学难以掌握的难点。下面就结合历年高考试题对这几个词的用法作一探讨。
一、it用法小结
1、it 可指代天气、时间、季节、距离、环境、情况等。
---Do you like____ here? (2004全国卷II)
- -Oh, yes. The air, the weather, the way of life. Everything is so nice.
A. this
B. these
C. that
D. it
2.it 指代上文提到的原事原物,即复指。
1) The Parkers bought a new house but ___ will need a lot of work before they can move in. (NMET2001)
A. they
B. it
C. one
D. which
2) The doctor advised Vera strongly that she should take a holiday, but ___ didn’t help. (2005全国卷II)
A. it
B. she
C. which
D. he
3. it 起指示代词的作用,指一个人。
1) Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see _____ .(2000 上海)
A. who is he
B. who he is
C. who is it
D. who it is
4. it 还可以代替不定式、动名词或从句作形式主语或形式宾语,以保持句子的平衡。形式主语或形式宾语只能由it 充当,不能用this /that。
1) The Foreign Minister said, “_____our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.”
(北京2004)
A. This is
B. There is
C. That is
D. It is
2) The chairman thought ___ necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting. (2005全国I)
A. that
B. it
C. this
D. him
3) Tom’s mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but ___ didn’t help.
(NMET1993)
A. he
B. which
C. she
D. it
5. it 用于某些动词如hate, like, love, realize等后面,代替后面的从句。
1) I like ___in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. (NMET2004)
A. this
B. that
C. it
D. one
2) I hate___ when people talk with their mouth full. (NMET1998)
A. it
B. that
C. these
D. them
二、不定代词one的用法
one代替上文出现的可数名词的单数,相当于a(n)+名词; the one用法代替同类事物中特指的另一个;其复数形式为ones。可以有自己的修饰词。
1) We’ve been looking at houses but haven’t found _____ we like yet. (2005浙江)
A. one
B. ones
C. it
D. them
2) Cars do cause us some health problems---in fact far more serious ____ than mobile phones do. (2005江西)
A. one
B. ones
C. it
D. those
三、that 作为代词的用法
that代替前面出现的可数名词或不可数名词,代替可数名词时,相当于the+名词,特指,常跟后置定语。that 的复数形式是those
1) Few pleasures can equal ___ of a cool drink on a hot day. (NMET1999)
A. some
B. any
C. that
D. those
2) I’m moving to the countryside because the air there is much fresher than____ in the city. (2005江苏)
A. ones
B. one
C. that
D. those
注:
A) it、one 和that 都可以代替前面出现的可数名词。it指代上文提到的原事原物,即复指;one 泛指前面的名词;that 是特指。
B) one可以有前置定语、后置定语或不用修饰语;that 不能有前置定语,但必须有
后置定语,常见的后置定语是of 短语。
C) of短语作后置定语时,用that。
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