探析住宅小区景观设计理念

探析住宅小区景观 设计 领导形象设计圆作业设计ao工艺污水处理厂设计附属工程施工组织设计清扫机器人结构设计 理念 摘要:文中对当前住宅小区景观设计中存在问 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 进行思考的基础上, 阐述了住宅小区景观设计原则及要点，指出了住宅小区景观设计要在“以人为本”的设计思想指导下, 结合小区地形, 引入小区景观设计要素,从共享性、多元化、生态及地域性等方面进行理念创新，营造更具可辨别性的生态住宅小区景观。文章的最后阐述了住宅小区景观设计的发展方向，因此，本文在城市住宅小区景观设计做有益的探索。 [关键词] 住宅小区; 景观设计; 理念; 创新 随着人们对自然、对事物认识的不断发展, 我们在某个时期把景观作为城市发展的极致, 把城市当作一种理想, 一直发展下去, 才导致了钢筋水泥丛林的城市。在人们认识到盲目发展的问题之后, 城市景观开始寻求变通。 住宅小区正在从简单绿化的景观设计向高品质住宅景观设计发展, 但在实际过程中，住宅景观设计还是存在一定的问题，所以, 怎样将住宅小区的景观进行更合理的设计, 实现人与自然的和谐可持续行发展， 是当代住宅景观设计重点探索和研究的内容。 一、目前居住小区景观设计中的不足 1.1“崇洋媚外” 住宅小区景观是对是对城市建筑环境的不可或缺的补充，不同地区、不同习俗就会产生不相同的景观, 所以，不同地区的小区景观都应有自己的特色。但有的小区却为追求所谓的异域风情，建造欧式雕像、欧式线脚、罗马柱廊等, 这样“崇洋媚外”的景观设计不仅是对本地文化的否定，而且造成了“洋不洋，中不中”不和谐的局面。 1.2先破坏，再建造 在目前的住宅小区景观中, 经常忽视原来环境的可使用价值, 如地型地貌、水体、景观、生物种类等景观，常常是先被破坏，再大耗人力物力去建造。现在的开发商拿到一块地，都是先将原来此地的地形地貌特征抹去,不仅破坏了原有的生态系统，而且造成了大量的浪费。 二、住宅区景观设计原则和要点 2.1 居住小区设计的原则 layout development cities in developed countries show that developing rail transit Guide and an important means of achieving sustainable urban development. More than the bulk of the urban rail transit vehicles, rail traffic in the urban space layout and guide the evacuation, optimizing the structure and other aspects also play an important role in its role as the scale becomes more important. Rail transit on land development and stimulation is achieved through its good accessibility, under the dual role of mechanisms in land and planning, transport accessibility high land along the rail transit development and high strength, promotion of urban morphology and land use patterns to adjust accordingly. 1, and Copenhagen 1947, Copenhagen refers to shaped planning introduced, requirements land development along narrow of finger corridor concentrated, refers to shaped planning guide big Copenhagen area along track traffic line clear defined of corridor for Metro development, through track traffic and city development of integration, will along development concentrated in track station around a km around, around track site land implementation integrated intensive development, and provides good of non-mobile of way received connection facilities, Ensure that a larger proportion of the region's residents commute using mass transit. Figure 5.1-3 Copenhagen Metro City Development 2, Tokyo 5.1-4 Tokyo Metro to guide regional development (left: 1950, right: 2000) formation is the mass transit system of the city of Tokyo, which have been developed under the guidance of. Eastern suburbs ... Established to track traffic based on the network-city, using rail-oriented intensive development mode has been recognized in many cities. Created the urban structure of the node, forming the urban rail transit-dependent and lifestyle, as well as mass transit systems provide adequate passenger protection. 5.1.3 to guide the healthy development of 住宅小区景观设计不但要满足居民的需要,还要重视景观的生态价值及其养护费。住宅小区是人口密度很高的地区, 为了提供回归自然的感觉，应尽量使用自然的光、水和风。在这样的条件下，还应注意任何设计都需有全局观念, 因地制宜, 不但要考虑人与景的关系, 还要考虑景与景之间的关系。设计师可以通过借景、造景等手法, 使整个景观设计形成能够满足视觉和实用性强的统一体，营造出清新宜人、健康舒适的条件。另外，在目前生存环境较差的情况下，这样的设计也是尤为重要的。 2 .2居住小区景观设计要素 2.2.1水体 水是住宅景观设计的重要一环,人类自古择水而居,“仁者乐山,智者乐水”的传统文化至今都被奉为经典。人们爱水、依赖水，同时也渐渐认识到, 只有融入自然、如自然和谐相处的生活才是真正高品质的生活。著名建筑设计师陈跃中曾说过: “未来的居住条件, 特别是高档居住条件将趋于清新与质朴。”而水景观以其特有的魅力满足了人们亲近自然、融入自然的追求。 水作为一道美化住宅环境的景观，同时还能够净化空气并且在一定程度上改善小区气候。在现代景观设计中, 一般多用静水。通过挖湖引水, 形成小区较大面积的静水面, 倒影效果好, 给人带来漂流、清透、美轮美奂的视觉享受。但是, 大面积静水若空而无物, 则可能带来沉闷的效果, 应注重在水中置物，并设计的曲折婉转, 这才能显出水的灵气。动水更优，能给人带来跳跃的美感。或是细水长流，蜿蜒流转,穿梭于小区各处;或是生动跳跃的喷泉, 喷涌着让人心动的旋律。无论是静水还是动水，水的加入都给住宅小区的整个景观设计带来了更美的感受。 2.2.2 植物 植物具有调节光、温、水的功能, 同时对改善住宅区气候, 美化住宅区环境, 消除居住者身心疲惫方面都有着良好的作用。特别是在生态住宅、绿色住宅呼声越来越高的现在, 住宅小区景观设计,绿色植物不仅要具备观赏性，还有有一定的实用性。在绿化景观的设计中应形成开放的格局,在其中布置一些文化娱乐设施, 使休闲与运动都融在绿色的海洋里，营造出更利于人际交流与发展的绿色空间。同时以植物造景为主题，系统地考虑绿化的整体性、多样性， 达到整个住宅小区在平面上具有生态系统性、空间上具有的设计层次性、时间上layout development cities in developed countries show that developing rail transit Guide and an important means of achieving sustainable urban development. More than the bulk of the urban rail transit vehicles, rail traffic in the urban space layout and guide the evacuation, optimizing the structure and other aspects also play an important role in its role as the scale becomes more important. Rail transit on land development and stimulation is achieved through its good accessibility, under the dual role of mechanisms in land and planning, transport accessibility high land along the rail transit development and high strength, promotion of urban morphology and land use patterns to adjust accordingly. 1, and Copenhagen 1947, Copenhagen refers to shaped planning introduced, requirements land development along narrow of finger corridor concentrated, refers to shaped planning guide big Copenhagen area along track traffic line clear defined of corridor for Metro development, through track traffic and city development of integration, will along development concentrated in track station around a km around, around track site land implementation integrated intensive development, and provides good of non-mobile of way received connection facilities, Ensure that a larger proportion of the region's residents commute using mass transit. Figure 5.1-3 Copenhagen Metro City Development 2, Tokyo 5.1-4 Tokyo Metro to guide regional development (left: 1950, right: 2000) formation is the mass transit system of the city of Tokyo, which have been developed under the guidance of. Eastern suburbs ... Established to track traffic based on the network-city, using rail-oriented intensive development mode has been recognized in many cities. Created the urban structure of the node, forming the urban rail transit-dependent and lifestyle, as well as mass transit systems provide adequate passenger protection. 5.1.3 to guide the healthy development of 德艺期刊网 具有物种的相关性,从而发挥植物景观最大的生态效益，为美化住宅小区起到画龙点睛的作用。 植物选择应注重合理搭配:首先应以本土植物为主, 这样不仅具有地方特色，而且植物的适应能力也强，容易养护;其次也可以选取一些适合在本土生长的实用性高，观赏性强的外地植物，优先选用叶面积系数大、释放有益离子强的植物, 与本土植物共同构成植物群落。如: 四季常绿的松柏，对消除疲劳有着独特作用的丁香树丛、合欢丛林等。此类植物价格较低，且易养护，当然，不同住宅小区可根据自身的实际情况选择一些特别的植物，如椰子树、海棠树等较为美丽的植物。 主题植物景观在现代景观设计中应用越来越广泛。 从主题上体现出园林景观中, 系列植物主题及时分、气象系统所显现的“时景美”, 从而为整个园区营造幽雅、宜人、舒适的组团景观。做到主次分明和疏朗有序, 讲求乔木、灌木、花草的科学搭配, 创造“春花、夏 [1]荫、秋实、冬青”的四季景观。 此外，植物景观还要尽量自然化,要做到“ 虽由人作, 宛若天开。”设计师应根据不同地形, 不同的植物，采用不同的植物组合形成空间围合。街道的两侧可采用封闭性空间围合, 使住宅与车水马龙的嘈杂声、尘土飞扬外界隔断，闹中取静, 形成一个安静的休憩港湾。因此，人性化的设计是必须的，有人情味的景观设计才是最符合居民需求的景观设计。同时，在对植物景观的设计过程中，要根据不同的地形地貌，不同的植物形态做好全局的设计，既要保证植物的轮廓分明，也要注意不同植物的交叉交错形成的错落有致的空间感。植物的整体韵味要和谐，个体要鲜明，让居民置身其中，或者在周围观赏的时候有融入自然、回归自然的感觉。植物景观应遍布住宅小区的各处，还可以使用一些墙壁攀缘植物, 来弱化当代建筑生硬的线条, 使整个空间更加柔和，色彩化，在提高美感的同时也增加了生态效益。 2.2.3环境设施 环境设施是景观环境的非自然因素设计, 是一个多功能的综合使用系统。任何环境设施都要做到与其他景观相统一, 而且还要具备安全、实用、舒适、和谐、多元化的性能。因此，住宅小区配套的环境设施作为小区景观必不可少的部分，也应该在小区设计初始就列入整体的规划中，以免出现规划不合理的现象。但由于地域、环境、文化、居住人群、材料、技术、功能等因素的不同,不同的住宅小区和环境设施会呈现出不同的种类，但它们之间又layout development cities in developed countries show that developing rail transit Guide and an important means of achieving sustainable urban development. More than the bulk of the urban rail transit vehicles, rail traffic in the urban space layout and guide the evacuation, optimizing the structure and other aspects also play an important role in its role as the scale becomes more important. Rail transit on land development and stimulation is achieved through its good accessibility, under the dual role of mechanisms in land and planning, transport accessibility high land along the rail transit development and high strength, promotion of urban morphology and land use patterns to adjust accordingly. 1, and Copenhagen 1947, Copenhagen refers to shaped planning introduced, requirements land development along narrow of finger corridor concentrated, refers to shaped planning guide big Copenhagen area along track traffic line clear defined of corridor for Metro development, through track traffic and city development of integration, will along development concentrated in track station around a km around, around track site land implementation integrated intensive development, and provides good of non-mobile of way received connection facilities, Ensure that a larger proportion of the region's residents commute using mass transit. Figure 5.1-3 Copenhagen Metro City Development 2, Tokyo 5.1-4 Tokyo Metro to guide regional development (left: 1950, right: 2000) formation is the mass transit system of the city of Tokyo, which have been developed under the guidance of. Eastern suburbs ... Established to track traffic based on the network-city, using rail-oriented intensive development mode has been recognized in many cities. Created the urban structure of the node, forming the urban rail transit-dependent and lifestyle, as well as mass transit systems provide adequate passenger protection. 5.1.3 to guide the healthy development of 存在着很多的相似点。如长椅、健身器材等。总的来说，环境设施的设计除了要满足必要的需求，也应该体现当地文化底蕴，并且呈现多元化、多功能的个性。环境设施它为满足人们的生活需求,方便人们的行动, 完整住宅小区的景观设计，以及调节人、自然、社会三者之 [2]间的关系具有不可忽视的重要作用。 三、住宅小区景观设计的发展方向 3.1增强住宅小区景观共享性 景观设计的第一个目的就是要使每套住房都能够享受到景观带来的良好环境效果。因此，规划时就应尽可能地使用当前自然景观, 使小区居民们都能够获得优美环境带来的享受。 此外, 还要丰富小区空间的层次感, 利用各种景观要素增强院落层次感, 为人们交流、休闲提供有利的场所, 从而创造出安全、安静、优美、温馨、祥和的住宅环境。 3.2增强住宅小区多元性 随着景观设计水平的不断发展, 住宅小区景观设计逐渐呈现出多元化的发展趋势。住宅外环境是居民们亲近自然、接触自然的场所, 是人与自然和谐相处、交融的空间。所以, 尽可能要创造舒适、宜人、自然的景观空间, 实现人与景的接触。“亲地空间”可以增加人们与地面接触的机会，创造出适合大家活动的不同功能的屋顶花园和各种类型的室外场地;“亲水空间”增加人们与水接触的机会, 提供了居民们听水、观水、亲水、戏水的场所;“亲绿空间”则是充分利用宅前屋后的各种空地来增加住宅小区的绿色，同时还可以作为儿童活动 [6]场地, 培养儿童有活力、冒险、友好、合作的精神, 创造出良好的儿童活动空间。 四、总结 总的来说, 住宅小区景观规划设计所创造的模式, 能够反应出住宅区景观规划的地域性、人文性、生态性和多元性, 同时，这样的设计对现代小区设计景观具有较为实际的意义。而追求自然、和谐、绿色的生态化设计是现代居民小区景观建设的发展趋势。规划设计时应在强调自然、科学的前提下将景观设计融合到整个小区的设计规划之中，以创造出环境优美、结构合理、文明健康的生态宜居环境。因此, 对景观设计师而言, 住宅景观设计既要形成颇具地方特色和民族特色的空间景观艺术,还有要创新、 提倡多元化景观设计，以此来实现人layout development cities in developed countries show that developing rail transit Guide and an important means of achieving sustainable urban development. More than the bulk of the urban rail transit vehicles, rail traffic in the urban space layout and guide the evacuation, optimizing the structure and other aspects also play an important role in its role as the scale becomes more important. Rail transit on land development and stimulation is achieved through its good accessibility, under the dual role of mechanisms in land and planning, transport accessibility high land along the rail transit development and high strength, promotion of urban morphology and land use patterns to adjust accordingly. 1, and Copenhagen 1947, Copenhagen refers to shaped planning introduced, requirements land development along narrow of finger corridor concentrated, refers to shaped planning guide big Copenhagen area along track traffic line clear defined of corridor for Metro development, through track traffic and city development of integration, will along development concentrated in track station around a km around, around track site land implementation integrated intensive development, and provides good of non-mobile of way received connection facilities, Ensure that a larger proportion of the region's residents commute using mass transit. Figure 5.1-3 Copenhagen Metro City Development 2, Tokyo 5.1-4 Tokyo Metro to guide regional development (left: 1950, right: 2000) formation is the mass transit system of the city of Tokyo, which have been developed under the guidance of. Eastern suburbs ... Established to track traffic based on the network-city, using rail-oriented intensive development mode has been recognized in many cities. Created the urban structure of the node, forming the urban rail transit-dependent and lifestyle, as well as mass transit systems provide adequate passenger protection. 5.1.3 to guide the healthy development of 德艺期刊网 与自然和谐相处,使身在其中的居民们获得回归大自然的唯美享受，只有这样才能设计出生 态和谐环境的住宅景观。 参考文献 [1]解恒才，唐守宏，王瑾，张建军.住宅小区景观设计初探[J].《北方园艺》，2007，(5). [2]金忠河,王先杰.居住小区景观规划中的人性化设计[ J ] .北方园艺, 2005, (2). layout development cities in developed countries show that developing rail transit Guide and an important means of achieving sustainable urban development. More than the bulk of the urban rail transit vehicles, rail traffic in the urban space layout and guide the evacuation, optimizing the structure and other aspects also play an important role in its role as the scale becomes more important. Rail transit on land development and stimulation is achieved through its good accessibility, under the dual role of mechanisms in land and planning, transport accessibility high land along the rail transit development and high strength, promotion of urban morphology and land use patterns to adjust accordingly. 1, and Copenhagen 1947, Copenhagen refers to shaped planning introduced, requirements land development along narrow of finger corridor concentrated, refers to shaped planning guide big Copenhagen area along track traffic line clear defined of corridor for Metro development, through track traffic and city development of integration, will along development concentrated in track station around a km around, around track site land implementation integrated intensive development, and provides good of non-mobile of way received connection facilities, Ensure that a larger proportion of the region's residents commute using mass transit. Figure 5.1-3 Copenhagen Metro City Development 2, Tokyo 5.1-4 Tokyo Metro to guide regional development (left: 1950, right: 2000) formation is the mass transit system of the city of Tokyo, which have been developed under the guidance of. Eastern suburbs ... Established to track traffic based on the network-city, using rail-oriented intensive development mode has been recognized in many cities. Created the urban structure of the node, forming the urban rail transit-dependent and lifestyle, as well as mass transit systems provide adequate passenger protection. 5.1.3 to guide the healthy development of