2013集美区高考
英语
关于好奇心的名言警句英语高中英语词汇下载高中英语词汇 下载英语衡水体下载小学英语关于形容词和副词的题
应试专题训练系列4
--高考短文填词备考策略与应试技巧与训练
集美区教师进修学校邹丽红
一、高考英语短文填词的命题特点：
短文填词”要求考生阅读一篇短文，然后完成10项语法填空。重点考查单词拼写、语言基础知识、语篇理解能力和语言表达能力；在考查词汇的同时也考查学生读与写的能力。考生必须在理解短文内容的基础上，把握短文主旨大意，运用所学语言知识填空，使短文语篇完整。题目选材符合学生的书面表达水平，短文词数在130左右，共设10小题，第一行不设题，其余每行挖空一处设一题。每个空格根据提示用一个单词的适当形式填空，提示的方式有：汉语提示、首字母提示、语境提示，其中汉语提示、首字母提示各3~4个，语境提示2~4个。出题一般涉及到以下几个方面：
1）动词与介词或副词搭配构成的固定动词短语；
2）连词的用法，包括从属连词和并列连词；
3）动词的适当形式；
4）定语从句、名词性从句的引导词等。
二、高考短文填词考查的知识与能力
考查的知识：语法知识和词汇在语境中的准确运用
句子结构知识和词性知识
词语搭配知识即固定搭配和习惯用法
考查的能力：
分析
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句子结构的能力
把握整体语篇结构的能力
利用和分析语境的能力
逻辑思维判断能力
三、 备考短文填词应具备的知识
1、 词性知识
词性
不同词性在句中充当的成分
不同词性在句中的变化形式
不同词性在句中的位置
名词
主语，宾语，表语
单复数
形容词+名词
冠词+名词
名词+动词
形容词性物主代词+名词
动词
谓语动词：谓语
时态变化
名词+动词
动词+副词
非谓语动词：除谓语以外的成分
doing
done
形容词
定语，伴随状语
级的变化
形容词+名词
副词
状语
级的变化
动词+副词
连词
连接两个句子构成从句
无变化
连词+句子
介词
+名词，作状语、定语
无变化
介词+名词
数词
定语
基数词，序数词
数词+名词
代词
主语，宾语，定语，表语
主语，宾语，形容词性物主代词，名词性物主代词，反身代词
代词+动词
代词+名词
动词+代词
介词+代词
考生在做短文填词判断时要充分利用以上
表格
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的词性知识进行判断，首先要判断空格应该填什么词性，这点非常重要，接下来才有可能判断词的意义和词形变化，因为不同的词性，词形变化是不一样的。如，名词要考虑单复数的变化，而谓语动词要考虑事态的变化，非谓语动词要考虑是用现在分词还是过去分词，代词有五种变态等，总之，英语词汇在句子中是非常“变态”的，考生在做这种题型时一定要有变态的意识和思维才能做好这一题型。
2、 固定搭配：考生在判断该填什么词时，还要考虑词语的固定搭配，因为英语是搭配型语言，某些词与词de 搭配是固定的，如 pay for , such as, take off, for the reason, spend ….on/in, ask for等，这些固定搭配的知识是我们判断该填什么词的重要线索和依据，因此掌握大量的固定搭配和建立固定搭配的意识对做好短文填词至关重要。
3、 固定句子结构：掌握句子结构知识并运用句子结构知识对判断短文填词的答案同样起着重要的作用，因为英语语言中有大量的固定句式如It is +adj. to do, there be sb doing, It is +强调部分+that + 其他，全倒装句There comes a heavy storm, 部分倒装 Only by doing so can we……等，这些固定的句子结构知识也是我们判断短文填词的重要的有效的线索。
4、常识：在短文填词中，我们常常还需要利用相关的常识来判断空格的意思，这也是我们判断空格意思的一个重要线索。例如she found a case nearby and turned it into a bed and put the children inside it, c_______ them with all the clothes she could find. 此的空格，除了运用上下文以外，还要利用常识：天气很冷，她用衣服给孩子们“裹着或者是盖着”，再根据首字母c, 推断出出答案是盖着---covering
四、短文填空的解题技巧：
（一）总体策略
1、总体：先通读全文，掌握主旨大意，了解短文的体裁、体裁、主体时态、主体内容、线索、写作意图、某种观点、段落大意、逻辑层次，即为“总”。在总读的过程中，可顺利完成某些空白。
2、 分项：“分”就是下一步的具体填空。正确理解挖空的句子的含义，并且分析其句子成分，判断空白处需要填入的是动词，形容词，副词，介词、冠词、代词，抑或连词、引导词。如果需要填入的是代词，通常考查的是it, one’s, none, nobody, nothing 等；如果需要填入的是连词、引导词，就要判断出是并列句、定语从句、状语从句还是名词性从句等；最后定夺。如果需要填入的是动词，首先要判断是谓语动词还是非谓语动词，然后再看本文的主体时态以及语态，如果是非谓语动词，要先判断主被动关系。
3、 在做题过程中，要善于利用自己已有的相关的背景知识来填补文章的信息空白，并推导出空格的答案。充分利用collocation 的知识联想可能的答案。
（二）具体解题技巧
在做题过程中，要时时联系上下文，从语篇中去判断空格处应填哪个单词。
1、如果空格后是名词（尤其是单数名词），就应该考虑空格处是否需要填 (a, an, the)、物主代词、指示代词、不定代词(few, little, many, much, all, each, every, both, neither, other等)、所有格或形容词等进行修饰。
l Do you play any ball games? What is your f______ sport? 1.______
l I had an _______(有趣的)dream last night. I dreamed that….. 2._______
2、相反，如果空格是在冠词、物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词所有格或形容词之后，则应考虑填名词。但不要忘记，要考虑名词是否变复数，是否有所有格形式等。
l Also, the sport teaches us the ______(重要性)of obedience(服从).Each player……
We study quite a few s____, such as math, Chinese, English and physics.
3. 1) 填谓语动词。一定要考虑动词的时态和语态，所以动词形式的变化也是必不可少的。
如果空格前是助动词（will, shall等）、情态动词（can, may, must等）则空格一定是动词原形。如果空格前是have的各种形式，则想到构成完成时 。如果空格前是be的各种形式，则想到用进行时或被动语态。
1. Heavy rain in the morning could not ____(阻止) us going. 1.________
2. On the way I told them about the great changes that had t____ place in our city in the past few years. 2.________
3. With these changes in their social role ,women’s position in the family has been _____(改善)as well. 3.________
3. 填非谓语动词，如果此句已经有谓语动词，则此空格考虑填非谓语动词，包括V-ing形式、V-ed形式和动词不定式。 如果与中心词是主动关系，用现在分词，如果与中心词是被动关系，用过去分词 。动词不定式在短文填词中一般不考，因为不定式要填两个词 。
Not ______(意识到)who she was ,he was eager to serve her .
The farmer was _______(担忧的)because of his wallet was in the pocket.
4. 空格处还有可能是系表结构，一般填形容词，过去分词和现在分词形式。 特别注意过去分词变化的形容词和现在分词变化的形容词的区别。
This is______（可接受的）because most people are very busy.
Today I felt _________（无聊），so I think it was a _____________(无聊) day.
5. 从句子结构考虑，如果空格前后都有句子，则要根据上下文的逻辑关系，选择适当的副词或连词。
表示原因：because, for since等；
表示结果：so, therefore, hence, thus等；
表示递进：further, furthermore, moreover, in addition等；
表示转折：but, nevertheless, however, yet, while, although, though, actually, practically等。
注意下列可以单独用的副词：fortunately, unfortunately, luckily, unluckily, surprisingly, interestingly, excitedly, disappointedly, inspiringly等很可能作为考点词来考查。
It is important to deal with the rubbish in cities. Rubbish must be treated properly. O , it may cause a lot of problems.
It must have rained last night, _______the ground was wet this morning.
He hurried to the airport, _________, the plane had left.
6、填引导词
如果一个句子中含有多个谓语或多个主谓结构,应该从句子的意义去判断这一句是否含并列谓语，或含非谓语动词结构，或是属于复合句；如果是复合句,一般要考虑该填什么引导词。
W____ our six children were young, suppertime was always being interrupted by neighborhood children ringing the bell.
Each player must obey the captain,_____ is the leader of the team.
8、复查的方法：将所有的答案“填进”短文并进行通读，以最后确定答案。进行复查时应注意：1）从语法、惯用法及习惯搭配，语感入手，看是否符合上下文的逻辑。2）段与段、句与句之间的逻辑衔接是否成立。3）书写
规范
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化：一个完整的单词、大小写。
五、短文填词解题步骤
1、 判断词性：识别句子主干，判断空格所做的句子成分，再根据该空格的句子成分判断该空格应填什么词性。
2、 判断词义：再根据上下文语境，固定搭配，固定句式和常识判断空格的意思
3、 判断词形：在明确该填什么词后，要思考该用什么词形，也就是词的变态，这是解题重要的一个也是最后的一个环节，如果是谓语动词要考虑用什么时态，如果是形容词要考虑是否用原级、比较级还是最高级。如果是非谓语动词要考虑用现在分词还是过去分词，如果是代词要考虑主格、宾格、形容词性物主代词、名词性物主代词还是反身代词等
六、备考短文填词训练策略与步骤
在进行短文填词训练时要把握五大策略：做题+反思+总结+积累，特别要强调的一点就是做题后的积累非常重要，只有在做题后不断积累经验、技巧和考点知识才能快速提高自己的应试能力。因此做题时要遵循以下几个步骤：
1、做题
2、对答案
3、利用以下评价表格反思自己错题的原因和需要弥补的知识缺漏
4、积累解题经验和解题技巧
5、积累固定表达和固定句式
6、快速朗读短文3遍以上，建立语感，每周最好背一篇短文填词的文章，因为这些文章短小精悍，是建立语感和积累写作素材的好材料
附：短文填词自我评价表格
短文填词训练过程评析表
姓名_____________________日期_________________
做题时间
正确率
做对的题号
做错的题号
做错某题的原因
统计由于阅读理解失误造成的错题数
统计由于语法知识欠缺造成的错题数
统计由于词汇积累欠缺造成的错题数
七、实战演练
Passage 1
Good morning, Girls and boys! My name is Sue. May I have
your a , please? The Students’ Union is going to hold an 1. _____
English Speech contest the evening of December 30. the purpose 2.___
is to increase the students’ （兴趣）in learning English and improve 3. ___
their s English. It is going to be held in the school main hall 4. _______
and will b at 7:30. And the best five students of this English 5. _______
contest will be given （奖品）. Everyone in Grade Three will be 6.______
welcome to part in it. Those who would be interested in 7. ________
this contest should come to the （办公室）of the Students’ Union 8._____
and up your names, classes and the topics of your English speech. 9.___
Welcome to this great fun! So much for this. Thank you for l ! 10. ______
Passage 2
An American bestseller has been popular among the students in our
school ___(最近) .It is so inspiring that I would like to recommend 76._____
it to you .This book , Chicken Soup for the Soul, w_____by Jack 77. _____
Canfield, first appeared _____1993 and soon became a bestseller. 78. _____
It will surely inspire readers of all _____(年龄). It has been put into 79. ______
many languages, spreading love to all over the world. B__,an English 80.______
version is of g____ help to us English learners as it’ll help improve 81.______
our English. It costs 64yuan,___you can get it for 54.4 yuan through 82._____
online shopping, which will ____(节省) you 9.6yuan. You can order 83.______
it at www.dangdang.com, and g____the book within one week after 84._______
your payment. For more___________, please visit the website. 85._______
Passage 3
Dear Sally,
Hi! I’m Li Ying, your new pen friend from Fujian, China. I got your name
and address from a magazine and thought I would w to you. Well, 76.
let me start by telling you something about . I’m a high school 77. _____
student of seventeen. I have many hobbies, among reading nobels and 78. _________
collecting (邮票) are my favorites. I love the outdoors,especially 79. ______
the sea and I’ve been on several tours abroad. I also enjoy (听) 80. _______
to both pop and classical music. In a word , I’m a (谦虚的)， 81. ______
patient and caring person. I guess life in London must wonderful 82. _______
with so many places of i to vist and so much tasty food to enjoy. I 83. _________
hope to visit London d my holidays because I really like to 84. ________
learn more about your culture. I’m l forward to hearing from you. 85. ______
Yours,
Li Yang
Passage 4
Dear Xiaohua,
It’s four days since mother received the operation.
She is f____ much better. The doctors told me 1___________
the operation was successful, ___because of her old age 2____________
she had to ____(待，留)in hospital for another two weeks. 3____________
The doctors also said it was quite____(必要)for her 4____________
to do so. We expect to get a full_____(报告)in two or 5____________
three days. Please t___ the good news to the rest of the 6____________
family as ______as possible. You needn’t come here. 7___________
I’m able to ___ after mother by myself. 8__________
You’d better ______(送)flowers to mother. She 9_________
will feel h_____. 10________
八、短文填词训练备选材料 (以下材料由厦门一中集美分校钟兴荣老师选编)
短文填词
一、例句
1. For further information, please contact us on the attached form.
如需更多信息，请凭附表联系我们。
2. She attached labels to all her bags. 她把标签系(或贴)在所有袋上。
3. I attach great significance to the news. 我认为这消息具有重大意义。
4. He refused to acknowledge defeat. 他拒绝认输。
5. I acknowledge receipt of your letter of May 1. 你5月1日来信收悉。
6. Jack acknowledged the gift with a pleasant letter.
杰克附一封友好的信对所赠礼物表示感谢。
7. She adapted the novel for movies. / She adapted movies from the novel.
她把小说改编为电影。
8. I suggested he should adapt (himself) to his new conditions.
我认为他应该使自己适应新的情况。
9. This is the attitude that everyone should adopt towards their frustrations.
这也是每个人面对挫折时应该采取的态度。
10. The family adopted the orphan as their own. 这家人收养了那个孤儿，把他视同己出。
11. We adjusted our watch to local time. 我们按照当地时间把手表校准。
12. He adjusted himself to new conditions. 他使自己适应新情况。
13. They appealed to us for help. 他们请求我们支援。
14. His argument appealed to me. 他的论据引起了我的兴趣。
15. We must build on our reputation to expand the business.
我们必须以信誉为基础扩大业务。
16. The mind expands with experience. 经验使人心胸开阔。
17. I'd like to negotiate about the distributional plan with you.
我愿意与你协商一下分配方案。
18. The boundary treaty was negotiated between the two countries.
两国间经过谈判达成了边界协议。
19. The meeting discussed how to promote cooperation between the two countries.
会议讨论了如何促进两国的合作。
20. He worked hard and was soon promoted. 他工作努力，很快就获得提升。
21. She made helpful comments on my work . 她对我的工作提出有益的意见。
22. What she said was fair comment. 她所讲的是合乎情理的批评。
23. He is fair to us without distinction. 他对我们一视同仁，毫无区别。
24. A distinction should be made between the primary and secondary tasks.
要区别主要的和次要的任务。
25. Lewis is a writer of distinction. Lewis是为优秀的作家。
26. They voiced their approval of the plan. 他们对这项
计划
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表示赞成。
27. ... and those who tend to follow rather than lead could be more likely to seek their peers’ approval by giving in to a risky challenge or suggestion. (1月市质检阅读A)
28. I'm sorry to disappoint your expectation. 很遗憾，我辜负了你的期望。
29. Stephen had determined to live up to the expectations of the company.
斯蒂芬已决心不辜负公司的期望。
30. Some animals possess the characteristic of man. 有些动物具有人类的特征。
31. This is characteristic and innovative on research approach. 这在研究方法上具有特色和创新。
32. My presentation should clarify any questions that you might have.
我的陈述应该可以澄清你可能有的疑问。
33. Do a presentation on topics of general interest every once in a while, discuss issues with others, and socialize. 每隔一段时间就针对大家所关注的题目做一个展示，与其它人讨论，交流。
34. This project involves a lot of complex technical problems. 这个方案牵涉到许多复杂的技术问题。
二、根据上下文及给出首字母或汉语意思的词填写单词
1. Let’s give thanks for our soldiers _______(冒…的危险) their lives to defend the country.
2. I have seen the film star many times - she looks much older in the f________ than in her photographs.
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