什么是宾语从句？定语从句？状语从句？

什么是宾语从句？定语从句？状语从句？ 名词从句 名词从句有四类:宾语从句、主语从句、 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 语从句、同位语从句。例如: 宾语从句:I don’t know where he will go. 主语从句:Where he will go is unknown. 表语从句:The problem is how we can get so much money. 同位语从句:We all feel sorry about the news that he failed in the game. 下面几点是学习名词从句要加以注意的: 1( whether和if都可以引导宾语从句表达“是否”意，(即引导宾语从句时if和 whether 可以互换)但以下几种名词从句要用whether(不用if)引导: (1) 引导主语从句，且在句首时。例:Whether he has won the tennis is not known.(但 It is not known whether/if he has won the tennis). (2) 引导表语从句时。例The problem is whether he can get a job. (3) 引导同位语从句时。例:I have no idea whether he will come. (4) 介词后的whether从句。例:I worry about whether I hurt her feelings. 2( 位于句首引导主语从句的that不可忘。 例如:That he got the first place in the competition surprised all of us. 3( 在“It is suggested/proposed/ordered/a pity/no wonder/necessary/strange/…， that从句”结构中，that从句谓语有时用(should)do这样的虚拟语气形式。 例如:It is suggested that we(should) improve the relations between us. It is a pity that one(should) stay in one place all one?s life. It is strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings(缺点). ( 在 4“The reason why…is that…”句式中that不要误为because. 例如:The reason why he didn?t go to school yesterday is that he was ill. 5( 名词从句中that,what用法比较: 引导名词从句的that是连词，在句中无成份，无意义，而what是连接代词， what,the thing(s) that. 例如:It was told in yesterday?s newspaper that what the students had done was praised by the factory. I know that he will study. I know what he will study. That he works hard at his lessons is known to us all. What he works hard at is known to us all. All I ask is that you should tell the truth./He is not what(,the person that)he used to be.他和以前大不相同了。 6( where在名词从句中的使用特点: where在名词从句中有时可以变为“the place where”,有时可以变为“介词，the place where” 形式。例如: 主从:Where(,The place where)she has gone is still unknown. 宾从:Would you please tell me where(,the place where) Mr Smith lives? 表从:Your dictionary remains where(,in/at the place where)you put. 同位从:Have you any idea where(,of the place where) she is spending her holidays? 7( 无论是哪种名词从句都是陈述语序。例如: I know where he lives./Please tell me what her name is. 当一个特殊疑问句本身就是陈述语序(即“主，谓，(宾)”或“主，系，表”结 构)，将其变为间接引语(即宾语从句)时，无需改变语序。例如: What?s the matter with him? She asked me what was the matter with him. Who looks after your grandfather? He asked me who looked after my grandfather. 名词从句考点分析 1(They want to know ______ do to help us. (NMET) A. what they can B. how they can C. how can they D. what can they 析:此题要选陈述语序项，故应排除C、D。又因how they can do不完整，do 后无宾 语，故也应排除，只有A项既是陈述语序，且what they can do完整正 确地表达出“他 们能做些什么”这一意思，故 答案 八年级地理上册填图题岩土工程勘察试题省略号的作用及举例应急救援安全知识车间5s试题及答案 为A。 2(His teacher ______ he ______ bright and ______ he was worth teaching. A.didn’t think;was;that B.thought;was;whether C.didn’t think;was;× D.thought;wasn?t;× 析:观察题目，可知think后跟有and连接的两个并列宾语从句，这时前一个 宾语从句 的引导语that可以省略，但引导后一宾语从句的that不可省略，据此， 可排除C、D 两个选项。若选B项，全句意思不通，而选择A项可表达“他的 ”这一意思，且语法结构无误，故可定A是正确老师认为他不聪明，不 值得教 答案。 3(______ is done cannot be undone. A.How B.That C.What D.Where 析:do一般作及物动词使用，从题干看，需选一词作主语(逻辑上是done的 宾语)。 而A.How,D.Where均是副词，不能作主语，故应排除。B项that一词 只能在定语从句 中作主语，不能在主语从句中作主语，也应排除。只有选 what(,the thing that),才 能正确表述“凡是做的不可不做”这一意思。 4(Take care ______ you don?t make mistakes in the coming exam. A.of that B.about that C.for what D.that 析:take care是“注意”、“当心”意，后面可跟that引导的宾语从句来表达“当心 不要…”意思，据此，该题应选D。 5(To his surprise,the umbrella was not ______ he had put. A.which B.where C.the place D.that 析:观察题干，was not后是表语，根据where在表语从句中相当于in/at the place where, 将其置于空白处则可表达“伞不在他当初放的地方”这一意思，而C选项 缺少词，不可 选。A、D项皆不合用。 6(______ we can?t get seems better than ______ we have. A.what;what B.what;that C.that;that D.that;what 析:此题显然是要表达“我们得不到的东西似乎比我们得到的东西好。”这一意 思，即 “A seems better that B”结构，根据what,the thing(s) that这一特点，将 其置 于两空白处正好可以表达出前者比后者好这一意思，故答案为A。 7(______ we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. A.If B.Whether C.That D.Where 析:此题depends前的主语从句是一个不肯定的Whether,不可用If。故答案为 B。 8(______ they are most interested in is ______ they can produce more and better cars. A.That;how B.What;how C.What;what D.That;that 析:is前面是一个主语从句，要表达“他们最感兴趣的(东西)”这一意思，只 能选what 填入空白;is是表语从句，显然只有选how才能表达“如何生产更多更 好的汽车”，故 答案为B。 9(He made a suggestion that the English test ______ until next Wednesday. A.will be put off B.be put off C.will put off D.put off 析:suggestion,order,adivce等词后的同位语从句谓语要用(should)do的形式， 且 该句中test与put off为被动关系，故选B。 10(I don?t think ______ he said something like that is right. A.that B.what C.whether D.when 析:此句think后是一宾语从句，这个宾语从句的主语在is之前，它是一个被 动句。 因为he said something like that已经含有主、谓、宾、状等成分，只有 选不表意义， 不做成分的that才合适，故选A。 定语从句 一、 定语从句与引导词 定语从句是在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫做 选行词， 而引导定语从句的词叫引导词，有关系代词和关系副词两类。 懂得什么样的先行词后用什么样的引导词是学好定语从句的关键。 1( 关系代词有:that,which,who,whom,whose,在定语从句中作主语、宾语中表 语，whose 作定语。代人的有:who,whom,whose,that;代物的有:that,which,whose. 例如: The man who helped you is Mr White.(who代人，在定语从句中作主语) That is the person(whom/who/that) you want to see.(whom,who,that代人，在定 语从句中作宾语，可省略) I?m not the fool(that) you thought me to be.(that代人，在定从中作表语) A dictionary is a useful book which(,that) tells us the meaning of words(which 或that代物，在定从中作主语) 2( 关系副词有:when(指时间)，where(指地点),why(指原因)，在定语从句中 作状语。 例如:Would you suggest a time(when) we can have a talk?(when可省略) The house where they live is not very large./This is the reason why he did not came to the meeting. 注意:不是表时间的先行词都用when引导定从，不是表地点的 先行词都用where引导定从。例如:We?ll visit the factory which(,that) makes radios. (which或that在定从中作主语，where不可用主语，故不可用) They still remember the happy days(which/that) they spent in Beidaihe. (which或that在定从中作spent的宾语，when不可作宾语，故不可用) 二、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句和主句之间不用逗号分开，修饰主句中的某一个名词或名词词 组或代 词;非限制性定语从句常用逗号和主句隔开，可以修饰主句中的某一个 词，也可修饰整个句 子。非限制性定语从句不能用that引导，引导非限制性定语从句的关系词不能 省略。非限制性定语从句例:Li Ping?s father, who works in a factory, is an engineer./He tore up my photo, which made me very angry.(which指代主句him. 2) 指物的先行词被any, every, only, very, all, no等修饰时:These are the very points that interest me./That?s the only watch that I like most. 3) 指物的先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时:The first step that we are to take is very difficult./This is the second card that he gave me. 4) 先行词是指物的不定代词all,little,few,much,及everything,anything,nothing 等时:There is still much that can be done about it./Have you got everything that you need? 5) 先行词是who时:Who that have seen him does not like him? hat的场合如下: 2( 不用t 1)非限制性定语从句中 Last night ,I saw a very good film,which was about the Long March . 2)介词放在关系代词之前时 This is the man from whom I learnt the news 3)句中出现了that，或先行词是that时 I have found that which I was looking for. 四、“介词，关系代词”用法 1( 介词的确定应依据定语从句中短语的习惯性搭配，例如:Who is the girl with whom you just shook hands?(shake hands with…是习惯性搭配) 2( 介词常受先行词的制约(即介词和先行词的搭配)，例如:He built a telescope through which he could study the skies.(through which 即through the telescope) 3( 当关系代词作“动词，介词”固定短语的宾语时，此时因定短语中的介词不 能拆开移到关系代词前。例如:This is the watch which you?re looking for./He is a kind of man whom you can safely depend on. 五、几个名词后的引导词 1. situation后常用where,in which引导定语从句:Can you imagine a situation where/in which you can use the word? 2. way(方式，方法)后常用in which或that或how引导定语从句，也可省略: Do you know the way(in which/that/how) he worked out the problem? 3. “the same，名词”，“such，名词”，“as，名词”后通常用as引导定语从句。 例如:I have the same dictionary as you(have)./Such a book as you bought is not worth buying. 定语从句考点分析 1( The best work ______ Luxun wrote and ______ I have read has been made into a film. A.which;that B.that;× C.×;that D.×;× 析:如果两个定语从句并列，关系代词作宾语时前一句的可以省略，但后一句 的不可省略，故应选C。 2( It was in 1969 ______ two Americans got to the moon by space ship. It was 1969 ______ two Amerians got to the moon by space ship. A.when B.which C.that D.× 析:第一句是强调时间in 1969,强调结构是“It was，强调部分，that句”，故应 选C。第二句It是表时间的，先行词1969在从句中作状语，故选A。 3( Is this the house ______ Shakespeare was born? A.at which B.which C.in which D.at where 析:观察题目，空白处只有填in which或where才能表达“这是莎士比亚出生 的房子吗,”这一意思，故答案为C。 4( Is this house ______ Shakespeare was born? A.where B.which C.in which D.at which 析:将此句变为陈述句;This house is ______ Shakespeare was born.显然is后是 一表语从句，只有选where(,the place where)才能表达“这是莎士比亚的出生地” 这一意思，故答案为A。 n the dark street,there wasn’t a single person ______ she could turn for 5( I help. A.to whom B.of whom C.from whom D.that 析:“介词，关系代词”要考虑短语搭配或与先行搭配，这道题短语turn to有关， 故 应选A。 6( The two things ______ they felt very proud were Jim?s gold watch and Della?s hair. A(about which B.of which C.in which D.for which 析:涉及be/feel proud of短语，故答案为B。 7( Have you ever asked him the reason ______ may explain his being late. A.why B.that C.for which D.what 析:此题易误选A、C，因为先行词是the reason,但细观察分析，定语从句缺少 主语，所以答案是B。注意what不能引导定语从句。 8( Farming is difficult ______ there is no rain. A.where B.in place C.that D.the place where 析:因为difficult是形容词，故其后不是定语从句。这儿的空白处应填引导状 语从句where(,in the place where),全句表达“在没有雨水的地方耕种困难”。这一 意思，可见答案为A。 9( We need the same machine ______ in your factory. A.which is being used B.as is being used C.that is being used D.as it is being used 析:根据“the same，先行词”后跟as引导定语从句的原则，可知答案为B。 10(______ the people,not things ______ are most important. A.There are;who B.Those are;that C.It is;that D.It was;who 析:仔细观察分析题目，可知只有C构成强调句才有成立。当我们要检验视其 为强调 句的判断是否正确时，只要将“It is (或was)…that”这三个词去掉，剩下 部分读 起来正确无误，则证明判断是正确的，反之是错误的。此题如不填“It is…that” 三词，句子是The people,not things are most important.语义完整正确，说明选 C是对的。 是有宾语的从句吗,………… 看看下面的解释，体会体会…… 宾语从句(一) 宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。宾语从句常由that引导，在口语中常省略。 当主句中谓语动词是现在或将来时态时，从句中谓语动词不受主句中谓语动词时态的 影响，按需要可以使用任何时态。如: She says (that) she works from Monday to Friday. 她说她从周一至周五上班。(从句是一般现在时) She says (that) she will leave a message on his desk. 她说她要在他桌子上留个便条。(从句是一般将来时) She says (that) she has never been to Mount Emei. 她说她从来没有去过峨眉山。(从句是现在完成时) 当主句谓语是过去时态，从句中的时态一般用表示过去的某种时态。如: He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon. 他说昨天下午没有课。(从句是一般过去时) He said (that) he was going to take care of the baby. 他说他会去照看这个婴儿。(从句是过去将来时) He said (that) they were having a meeting at that time. 他说他们那时正在开会。(从句是过去进行时) *当主句谓语是过去时态，而宾语从句叙述某一客观真理(事实)时， 宾语从句的时态则用一般现在时。如: The teacher told us(that) nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it. 老师告诉我们世上无难事只怕有心人。 She said (that) her father is twenty-eight years older than her. 她说她父亲比她大二十八岁。 He said that light travels much faster than sound. 他说光传播比声音传播快得多。 宾语从句(二) 由连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句。 引出名词性从句的连词whether和if，在引出宾语从句时，用法和意义相同。但是只能引出宾语从句和不在句首的主语从句，而whether除了引出宾语从句外，还可引出主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。例如: We don’t know whether (if) it is right. 我们不知道它是否正确。 The question is whether she should do that. 问题在于她是否应该做那件事。 Whether it is true remains a question. 是真是假还是个问题。 试比较: 当if从句处在主句之后作“是否”讲时，引出的是宾语从句。例如: I don’t know if it is true. 我不知道这事是否真实。 当if从句在主句之前作“如果”讲，则引出状语从句。例如: I shall go there if I have time. 如果我有时间，我将到那儿去。 定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。 关系代词有:who, whom, whose, that, which等。 关系副词有:when, where, why等。 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 1)who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下: Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗,(who/that在从句中作主语) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语) 2) Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换), 例 They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，如: 大家都跑过去帮 忙。 Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的 书 关于书的成语关于读书的排比句社区图书漂流公约怎么写关于读书的小报汉书pdf 。 3)which, that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如: A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which / that在句中作主语) The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语) 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。 1)when, where, why 关系副词whe+ which"结构，因此n, where, why的含义相当于"介词 常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用，例如: There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。 Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗, 2)that代替关系副词 that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略，例如: His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。 He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。 ?判断关系代词与关系副词 方法一: 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动 词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词;而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如: This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. I’ll never forget the days when I worked together with you. 判断改错(注:先显示题，再显示答案，横线;用不同的颜色表示出。) (错) This is the mountain village where I visited last year. (错) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. (对) This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year. (对) I’ll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside. 习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。 方法二: 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。 例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age? A. where B. that C. on which D. the one 例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held. A. where B. that C. on which D. the one 答案:例1 D，例2 A 例1变为肯定句: This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago. 例2变为肯定句: This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held. 在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。 而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选A。 关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose); 先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语) 。 1) 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确;非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，例如: This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。(限制性) The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。(非限制性) 2) 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的，例如: Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理?史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。 My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。 This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。 3) 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例如: He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。 Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这 就叫做蒸发。 说明:关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。 1)介词后面的关系词不能省略。 2)that前不能有介词。 ) 某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构 3 可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。 This is the house in which I lived two years ago. This is the house where I lived two years ago. Do you remember the day on which you joined our club? Do you remember the day when you joined our club? 由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。 As we know, smoking is harmful to one’s health. The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us. 典型例题 1)Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise. A. it B. that C. which D. he 答案C. 此为非限定性从句，不能用 that修饰，而用which.，it 和he 都使后 句成为句子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。 2)The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect. A. what B. which C. that D. it 答案B。which可代替句子，用于非限定性定语从句，而what不可。That 不 能用于非限定性定语从句，it不为连词，使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英 语语法上行不通。 3)It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park.. A. that B. which C. as D. it 答案B. as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整 个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点: (1) as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。 (2) as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动 词;若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。 在本题中，prevent由于是行为动词，所以正确选项应为B。 As 的用法 例1. the same… as;such…as 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和……一样……。 I have got into the same trouble as he (has). 例2. as可引导非限制性从句，常带有’正如’。 As we know, smoking is harmful to one’s health. As is know, smoking is harmful to one’s health. As是关系代词。例1中的as作know的宾语;例2中，它充当从句的主语， 谓语动词know要用被动式。 1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here. (Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替) 2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school. (what 可以用all that代替) 1)what = the thing which;whatever = anything What you want has been sent here. Whatever you want makes no difference to me. 2) who= the person that whoever= anyone who (错)Who breaks the law will be punished. (错)Whoever robbed the bank is not clear. (对)Whoever breaks the law will be punished. (对)Who robbed the bank is not clear. 3) that 和 what 当that引导定语从句时 ，通常用作关系代词，而引导名词性从句时，是个不 充当任何成分的连接词。宾语从句和表语从句中的that常可省略。What只能引 导名词性从 句， 用作连接代词，作从句的具体成分，且不能省略。 I think (that) you will like the stamps. What we need is more practice. 1)不用that的情况 a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时。 (错) The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here. b) 介词后不能用。 We depend on the land from which we get our food. We depend on the land that/which we get our food from. 2) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况 a) 在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。 b) 在不定代词，如:anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先 行词时，只用that，不用which。 c) 先行词有the only, the very修饰时，只用that。 d) 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。. e) 先行词既有人，又有物时。 举例: All that is needed is a supply of oil. 所需的只是供油问题。 Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police. 那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。 状语从句 (Adverbial Clause) 一 状语从句的种类 ? 1状语从句的种类 用来修饰谓语动词、其它动词、定语、状语或整个句子的从句叫做状语从句。状语从句可分为: 1.时间状语从句;(adverbial clause of time) 2.地点状语从句;(adverbial clause of place) 3.原因状语从句;(adverbial clause of cause) 4.条件状语从句;(adverbial clause of condition) 5.目的状语从句;(adverbial clause of purpose) 6.让步状语从句;(adverbial clause of concession) 7.比较状语从句;(adverbial clause of comparison) 8.程度状语从句;(adverbial clause of degree) 9.方式状语从句;(adverbial clause of manner) 10.结果状语从句。(adverbial clause of result) ?2状语从句的时态特点 一般情况下，时间和条件状语从句的谓语动词一般用“一般现在时”表示“一般将来时”，用“现在完成时”表示“将来完成时”。例如: I will call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing. 我一到北京就给你打电话。(这是由as soon as引导的时间状语从句，从句中的谓语动词arrive是一般现在时，表示一般将来时，决不可用will arrive) As soon as I have finished this work, I will go home. 我一完成此工作，就回家。(从句中的谓语动词用现在完成时have finished，表示将来完成时,决不可用will have finished) If he comes back, please let me know.如果他回来了，请通知我。(从句中的谓语动词用comes back,表示一般将来时，决不可用will come back) 二 时间状语从句 ?3时间状语从句(adverbial clause of time) 1.由when, while, as引导的时间状语从句。例如: When you think you know nothing, then you begin to know something.当你以为自己一无所知的时候，你就是在开始知道一些事物了。 When truth is buried under the ground it grows, it chokes, it gathers such an explosive force that on the day it bursts out , it blows up everything with it.当真理被埋在地下的时候，它在生长，它感到压抑，它蓄存着这么一种爆炸性力量，一旦冒出，它就会炸破一切～ Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。 Will you watch my clothes while I have a swim. 我游泳的时候，请你照看一下我的衣服。 You can feel the air moving as your hand pushes through it. 当你的手在空气中挥动的时候，你就能感觉到空气在流动。 Our headmaster laughed as she spoke.我们的校长边谈边笑。 【区别】when, while和as的区别:when引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬时动词。并且when有时表示“就在那时”。例如: When she came in, I stopped eating.她进来时，我在吃饭。(瞬时动词) When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.当的住在农村时，我常常为他担水。(延续性的动词) We were about to leave when he came in.我们就要离开，就在那时他进来了。 While引导的从句的谓语动作必须是延续性的，并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生(或者相对应)。并且while有时还可以表示对比。例如: While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. (was reading是延续性的动词，was reading和was watching同时发生) I like playing football while you like playing basketball.我喜欢踢足球，而你喜欢打篮球。(对比) As表示“一边……一边”，as引导的动作是延续性的动作，一般用于主句和从句动作同时发生;as也可以强调“一先一后。例如: We always sing as we walk.我们总是边走边唱。(as表示“一边……一边”) As we was going out, it began to snow.当我们出门时，开始下雪了。(as强调句中两个动作紧接着先后发生，而不强调开始下雪的特定时间) 2.由before和after引导的时间状语从句。注意before引导的从句不再用否定式的谓语，并且当before引导的从句位于主句之后，有时译成“就，才”。还要注意主句和从句之间的时间关系。当主句用将来时，从句总是用现在时;如果before引导的从句谓语用的是过去时，则主句动词多用过去完成时，这样以便体现动作发生的先后。After表示主句动作发生在从 句动作之后。主句和从句的动作的时间关系正好与before引导的从句相反。例如: It will be four days before they come back. 他们要过四天才能回来。 Einstein almost knocked me down before he saw me.爱因斯坦几乎把我撞倒才看到我。 My father had left for Canada just before the letter arrived.我父亲恰好在信到之前去加拿大了。 They had not been married four months before they were divorced. 他们结婚还不到四个月就离婚了。 After you think it over, please let me know what you decide.你仔细考虑过以后，告诉我你是怎样决定的。 After we had finished the work, we went home.完成工作之后，我们回家了。(从句用过去完成时，主句用一般过去时) 3.由till或until引导的时间状语从句。till和until一般情况下两者可以互换，但是在强调句型中多用until。并且要注意的是:如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词时，必须用否定形式;如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时，用肯定或否定形式都可以，但表达的意思不同。例如: I didn’t go to bed until(till) my father came back.直到我父亲回来我才上床睡觉。 It was not until the meeting was over that he began to teach me English.直到散会之后他才开始教我英语。 I worked until he came back.我工作到他回来为止。 I didn’t work until he came back.他回来我这才开始工作。 Please wait until I arrived.在我到达之前请等我。 4.由since引导的时间状语从句。 since引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬时动词。一般情况下，从句谓语动词用一般过去时，而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时。但在It is ，时间，since从句的句型中，主句多用一般现在时。例如: I have been in Beijing since you left. 自从你离开以来，我一直在北京了。 Where have you been since I last saw you? 自上次我和你见面以后，你到哪里去了, It is four years since my sister lived in Beijing. 我妹妹不在北京住有四年了。 It is five months since our boss was in Beijing.我们老板离开北京有五个月了。 5.由as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the instant, the minute, 等引导的时间状语从句。这些连词都表示“一……就”。例如: I will go there directly I have finished my breakfast. 吃完早饭，我立即到那里去。 The moment I heard the news, I hastened to the spot.我一听到消息，马上赶到了出事地点。 As soon as I reach Canada, I will ring you up. 我一到加拿大，就给你来电话。 【注意】hardly(scarcely, rarely)…when / before, no sooner…than相当于as soon as之意。主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。当hardly, scarcely, rarely和no sooner位于句首时，主句应用倒装语序。例如: He had no sooner arrived home than he was asked to start on another journey. 他刚到家，就被邀请开始另一旅程。 No sooner had the sun shown itself above the horizon than he got out of bed to commence work.太阳刚从地平线上升起，他就起床劳动去了。 Hardly had I sat down when he stepped in.我刚坐下，他就进来了。 He had hardly fallen asleep when he felt a soft touch on his shoulder.这个阿拉伯人刚要入睡就感到肩膀上被轻轻一触。 6.由by the time引导的时间状语从句。注意时态的变化:在一般情况下，如果从句的谓语动词用一般过去时，主句的谓语动词用过去完成时;如果主句的谓语动词用一般现在时，主句的谓语动词用将来完成时。例如: By the time you came back, I had finished this book.到你回来时，我已经写完这本书了。 By the time you come here tomorrow, I will have finished this work. 你明天来这儿的时候，我将已经完成此工作了。 7.由each time, every time和whenever引导的时间状语从句。例如: Each time he came to Harbin, he would call on me. 他每次来哈尔滨，总是来看我。 Whenever that man says“To tell the truth”, I suspect that he’s about to tell a lie.每当那个人说“说实在话”的时候，我猜想他就要说谎了。 You grow younger every time I see you. 每次遇到你，见你更年轻了。 8.由as long as和so long as引导的时间状语从句。这两个连词表示“有多久……就多久”。例 如: You can go where you like as long as you get back before dark. 你可以随意到哪里去，只要在天黑以前回来就行。 I will fight against these conditions as long as there is a breath in my body! 只要我一息尚存，我就要反对这种境况。 三 地点状语从句 ?4地点状语从句 (adverbial clause of place) 地点状语从句一般由连接副词where, wherever等引导，已经形成了固定的句型，例如: 句型1:Where，地点从句，(there)，主句。 【注意】此句型通常译成“哪里……哪里就……”;主句在从句后面时，there可用可不用;如果主句在从句的前面时，一般都不用there。例如: Where there is no rain, farming is difficult or impossible.在没有雨水的地方，耕作是困难的，或根本不可能的。 They were good persons. Where they went, there they were warmly welcomed. 他们都是好人。因此他们走到哪里都受到热烈欢迎。 You should have put the book where you found it. 你本来应该把书放回原来的地 方。 Where the Communist Party of China goes, there the people are liberated.哪里有了中国共产党，哪里人民得解放。 :Anywhere/ wherever，地点从句，，主句。 句型2 【注意】anywhere本身是个副词，但是，常可以引导从句，相当于连词，意思相似于wherever, anywhere引导的从句可位于主句之前，也可以位于主句之后。 而wherever本身就是个连词，表示“在何处，无论何处”。例如: Wherever the sea is , you will find seamen.有海就有海员。