美国文学 殖民地时期

教案首页 授课内容 殖民地时期美国文学 所需课时 2学时 主要教材或 参考资料 吴伟仁 美国文学史及选读 外语教学及研究出版社 1990 常耀信 美国文学简史 南开大学出版社2003 教学目标 知识目标：了解殖民地时期美国文学历史背景、代表作家 清教主义 能力目标：了解清教主义的教义，掌握清教主义对美国文学的影响以及殖民时代的主要作家的特点 教学重点 清教主义 教学难点 清教主义教义及对美国文学影响 教学 方法 快递客服问题件处理详细方法山木方法pdf计算方法pdf华与华方法下载八字理论方法下载 口头陈述、提问 教学内容及 时间安排 美国文学概述现代时期 25’ Historical Background 10’ John Smith 10’ William Brandford and John Winthrop 10’ John Cotton and Roger William 10’ Anne Bradstreet and Edward Taylor 10’ Puritanism 15’ 学习指导 大量阅读相关资料、作品 作业及思考题 1. 复习学过的内容 2. 查找有关革命时期文学资料 教研室审阅意见 同意上述安排。 教研室主任签字： 2010年 10月 教 学 程 序 教学的基本内容 时间安排 教学方法 PART I THE LITERATURE OF COLONIAL AMERCA Historical Introduction: In the16th, the Caribbean islands, Mexico, and other parts of central and south America had been occupied by the Spanish. Early in 17th , the English settlements in Virginia and Massachusetts began the main stream of what we recognize as the American history. For the most part sustained by English traditions, ruled by English laws, supported by English commerce, and named after English monarchs and English lands American puritanism: 1. origin: In the mediaeval Europe, there was widespread religious revolution. In the 16th C, the English King Henry VIII(At that time ,the Catholics were not allowed to divorce unless they have the Pope’s permission. Henry VIII wanted to divorce his wife because she couldn’t bear him a son. But the Pope didn’t allow him to divorce because his wife is the Pope’s niece. Henry VIII became very dissatisfied with the Pope, so he broke away from the Roman Catholic Church & established the Church of England. But there was no radical difference between the doctrines of the Church of England and the Catholic Church. A group of people thought the Church of England was too Catholic and wanted to purify the church. Then came the name Puritan. So he puritans are a group of religious people seek to restore simplicity to church services and the authority of the bible to theology. 2. Reasons: They felt the church of England was too close to the church of Rome in doctrine, form of worship and organization of authority. The puritans felt the influences of politics and the court had led to corruption within the church. 3. features of Puritanism （1）Predestination: God decided everything before things occurred. （2）Original sin: Human beings were born to be evil, and this original sin can be passed down from generation to generation. （3）Total depravity （4）Limited atonement: Only the selected can be saved. 4. influences on American literature 1) Its optimism American literature was from the outset conditioned by the Puritan heritage. It can be said American literature is bases on the Biblical myth of the Garden of Eden. (Adam and Eve used to live a carefree life in the Garden of Eden. lured by the snake, they ate the Forbidden Fruit in the apple tree. A piece of apple choked in Adam’s throat, then came Adam’s apple. After knowing the truth, God became very angry and drove them all out of the Garden of Eden. The snake used to walk like man but after that the God force him to crawl. Then man was forced to suffer the labor to keep the whole family and Woman was forced to suffer the agony of baby bearing.) After that, men have an illusion to restore the paradise. The puritans, after arriving at America, believing that God must have sent them to this new land to restore the lost paradise, to build the wilderness into a new Garden of Eden. Fired with such a strong sense of mission, the puritans looked even the worst of life with a tremendous amount of optimism. The optimistic Puritans have exerted a great influence on American literature. 2) Symbolism To the pious puritans, the physical phenomenal world was nothing but a symbol of god.The American puritan’s metaphorical mode of perception was chiefly instrumental in calling into being a literary symbolism which is distinctly American. 3) With regard to their writing, the style is fresh, simple and direct; the rhetoric is plain and honest, not without a touch of nobility often traceable to the direct influence of the Bible. The literature in colonial America The first writings: Diaries, histories, journals, letters, commonplace books, travel books, sermons, in short personal literature in its various forms, occupy a major position in the literature of the early colonial period. The first American writer: John Smith 1. life 2. works A true relation of such occurrences and accidents of note as hath happened in Virginia since the first planting of that colony. A map of Virginia with a description of the country 3. influences William Bradford and John Winthrop William Bradford 1. life: first governor of Plymouth 2. works: the history of Plymouth Plantation The story with an account of the small group of puritans who migrated from England to Amsterdam and then to the new world, with its direct reporting, make it readable and moving John Winthrop 1. life 2. works: the history of new England (a journal on the Bay Colonists’ voyage to Massachusetts aboard the ship Arbella in 1630) John Cotton and Roger William John Cotton-The patriarch of new England Roger William 1. life 2. he begins the history of religious toleration in America and the history of the separation of church and state he is as important for his political views as for his religious beliefs. Anne Bradstreet and Edward Taylor Anne Bradstreet 1. Introduction: She wrote the ponderous verses of interminable, inner-locking poems on the four elements: the constitutions and ages of man, the seasons of the year and the chief empires of the ancient world. She was known as the tenth Muse 2. Works: Contemplations, To my dear and loving husband, 3. poem (textbook p12) Edward Taylor 1. Introduction: The best puritan poet, a meditative poet His work follows the style and forms of the leading English poets of the mid-17th century. 5’ 15’ ’ 10’