新 仁爱英语八年级下册重点单词短语及其语法

仁爱英语八年级下册重点单词短语及其语法 Unit 5 Topic1 1. You look excited\angry\disappointed\upset\frightened. 你看起来兴奋/ 生气/失望/烦躁/惊恐。 2. 感官系动词:look 看起来smell闻起来taste尝起来sound 听起来feel 摸/感觉起来 3. 系表结构:系动词+形容词go mad get wet get angry turn green fall asleep feel a little more(confident\ comfortable) be lost=get lost 4. go to the movies=go to the cinema=watch\see a film 看电影 5. one of + 形容词最高级+可数的复数形式It’s one of my favorite movies. 6. prepare…for… 为……做准备 7. say thanks to sb. 向某人致谢 8. be popular with 受……欢迎 9. be kind\ cruel to sb. 对某人友好\残忍10. a ticket to… ……的入场券11. set the table 摆放餐具 12. seem +adj.\n.\to do sth. It’s seems that…… 似乎 13. We are moved by the moving story. 前者修饰人,后者修饰物 14. be proud of为…而自豪15. be pleased with为…而高兴 16. be worried about为…而担心 17.be excited about \at sth.对…感到兴奋 18. be sorry for为…而抱歉19. be interested in sth. 对…感兴趣 20. be grateful to sb.对…感激 21. be afraid of (doing) sth 害怕(做)某事 22. be strict with sb. be strict about\in sth. 对…严格要求 23. be angry with\at sb. be angry at\about sth.对…生气 24. be nervous about对…感到紧张 25. be tired of sth.=be bored with sth.对…感到厌倦 26. be surprised at sth. be surprised to do sth. 对…感到惊讶 27. can(not)=be(not)able to (不)能will(not)be able to(其将来时) 28. have a temperature \fever发烧 29. ring sb. up=call sb. 给某人打电话 30. care for=take care of=look after 照顾 31.on the way to …… 在去…的路上 32. feel lonely live alone 前者形容词修饰系动词,后者副词修饰动词 33. because of +n.\代词|名词短语because+句子 1 34. on+具体描述的时间段35. fall into 掉入fall down 倒塌36. in the end=at last=finally 最后37.come into being 形成、成立于 38. be full of=be filled with 充满了,被填满了 39. make peace with 与某人和解 Unit 5 Topic 2 1. do well\ badly in 在……做得好\不好 2.have a talk with sb. 与某人交谈 3. at one’s age 在某个年纪 4.make friends with sb. 与某人交朋友 5. tell jokes 讲笑话 6.fail the exam= not pass the exam考试不及格 7.some suggestions=some pieces of advice一些建议(前者可数,后者不可数) 8. happen to sb.\sth. (事情)发生在……身上happen to do sth. 碰巧 9. take part in activities 10.with the help of sb. 11..all the time 一直12.take a walk=go for a walk 散步 Unit 5 Topic 3 1. calm down冷静 2.at the end of the months在月末 3.smile at life笑对人生 4. learn by oneself=teach oneself 自学learn sth. from sb.向某人学习 5. get together with sb. 与某人团聚get along(well)with sb. 与某人相处(融洽) 6. put on a play 上演剧目 7.in a bad\good mood处于不好\好的情绪 8.in good\bad health处于好\不好的健康 9. in good\bad\high\low spirits处于不好\好\高\低的情绪 10. make+宾语+do\adj.\n. make her laugh\excited\monitor 11. let sb. do sth.让…做 12. get bake to sth. 回到某事上13. a sense of …的感觉 Unit 6 Topic 1 1. go on a three-day visit进行3天的参观 a one-meter tall boy一个1米高的男孩 an eight-year-old girl一个8岁的女孩 2. find out 查明 3. make a decision=decide to do sth. 做决定 4. hard \soft sleeper 硬\软卧 5. at the price of 60 yuan60元的价格 6.in bad\good condition 条件糟糕\|好 7. arrive at+小地方/in+大地方= reach = get to 到达 8. total cost总花费 9. book a room=make a room reservation 预定一个房间 10. tell\ask sb. (not) to do sth. 11.a room without a bathroom or air conditioning 12.a standard room for one person 13.work out the cost of the trip计算work out the problem 解决 14. come up with an idea提出 15.each≥2(river\street)every≥3 either(两者之一) bo th=2 all≥3(肯定) none≥3(否定) 16. have a good rest好好休息17.in the open air在户外 18. an exciting experience经历、可数have no experience经验、不可数 19. places of interest 名胜古迹 20. look forward to (doing)sth. 期望做某事 Unit 6 Topic 2 1. be busy (in) doing sth.忙于做某事 2. on vacation 在 3.help sb. (to) do sth.帮…做 4.make a plan制定计划plan to do sth. 计划做某事 5. come along with sb.跟随某人 6.at the foot \top of 在……的脚下\顶上 7.spread over an area of 40 km2覆盖40多平方米 8. at the beginning of 在……的开始 9. by the way顺便问一下10.take out 拿出来 11.on both sides of在…的两边on each\either side of在…的每一边(两者) 12.tell good from bad 辨别好坏 13.in在…里on在…(相接)to在…(相邻)14.pull\push拉\推 15.step on踩16.in all directions 四面八方 17.take photos拍照片18. push one’s way out挤开、推进(道路) 19.out of sight看不见20.get on\off上\下车 21.can’t help doing sth.忍不住做某事can’t help to do sth 不能帮忙做某事 22.shout at sb. to do sth对…大叫23.have fun doing sth.高兴地做某事24. make one’s dream=come true 实现 25.everywhere= here and there到处26. make sure确保 27.two and a half hours = two hours and a half 两个半小时 Unit 6 Topic 3 1.a traffic accident 交通事故 2. be badly hurt= hurt……badly伤得很重 3.be crazy about sth. 热衷于be crazy about sb. 迷恋、爱上. 4.cause air pollution造成空气污染 5.get used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事used to do sth. 过去常常做某事 6.in public 在公共场合 7.die(动)dead(形)death(名)死 8.slow down 减速speed up 加速 9.the opposite direction相反的方向10.avoid doing sth. 避免做某事11.run into 撞12.rush to冲向 13.careful-careless 细心-粗心carefully-carelessly 14.get a fine 罚款15.in danger处于危险中out of danger 脱离危险 16. instead of doing sth 而不是…… 17.use sth for (doing)sth= use sth to do sth 用……做…… 18.in trouble处于麻烦中I’m sorry to trouble you. 不好意思打扰你了。 19.lead…to… led(过去式)20.ride into跻身于 21.in one’s life 在某人一生中22.go on doing sth go on with sth. 继续23. from…to…=from…till… 从…到…24. once again再一次 25 .beak the record打破记录set a new record设立一个新纪录 26.deal with the problems 处理这些问题 27.warn sb. (not) to do sth. 警告、提醒某人(不)做某事 Unit 7 Topic 1 1. know about了解,知道……情况 2.hear of 听说过 3.be born出生于 4. have\hold\a food festival 5.raise money 筹钱 6.on the Internet在网上 7. cheer sb. up使振作(高兴)起来8.western culture西方文化 9. keep\get in touch with与某人保持\取得联系 10.fried rice\noodles炒饭\炒面 11. get sth. about sb. 获得关于某人的信息 12. would like to do=’d like to do=want to do想做某事 13.turn to =ask sb. for help 向某人求助 14.think about 思考,考虑think over 考虑think of认为 15. imagine (sb.) doing sth. Sb. imagine (that) +句子 17. have(has) a sweet tooth=enjoy eating sweet food 喜欢吃甜食 18. what’s worse 更糟糕的是what’s more 更有甚者however 然而 19. 形、副+enough Eg: good\well enough enough+名词Eg: enough time\food 20. India- Indian Italy- Italian Greece-Greek America- American Russia- Russian Japan-Japanese Britain-British Canada-Canadian Asia-Asian Europe-European Africa-African Australia-Australian China-Chinese (前者国名,后者...国的) 21. decide (not) to do sth. decide on sth.决定 22. over\on the phone=by phone通过电话 23. send out 发送send for sb. 请某人来send off 送行 send sth. to sb. 发送某物给某人 24. food festival美食节25. invite to =invite sb.sb to do sth邀请 26. work at sth.致力于、努力做 27. in order (not) to do sth. in order that=so that+句子为了 28. enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事 29. win(动)won(过去式)winner(名)win a match 赢得比赛 beat sb\a team 打败某人\一个队 30. supply sth. to sb. 提供某物给某人supply sb. with sth. 提供某人某物 31. success(名)successful(形)successfully(副)succeed(动) succeed in doing sth.成功做某事 Unit 7Topic 2 1.try to do sth. 尽力做某事try doing sth.试试做某事 2. cook(煮或厨师)cooker(厨具) 3. boiled water 开水(完成、被动) boiling water正在沸腾的水(进行、主动) 4.cut sth.up 将某物切碎cut…into pieces 切片 5.at once=immediately=right now 立即 6. add to … 添加在…上add…to…将…加在… add up 加起来add up to总计为 7. first second next then after that finally 首先、其次、再次、然后、之后、最后 8. mind (one’s) doing 介意(某人)做某事 9.well-better-best(副)good-better-best(形)hard-harder-hardest(形\副) 10. Help yourself to sth.,单人Help yourselves to sth.,多人 11. for the first time 第一次12. table manners 餐桌礼仪 a friendly manner 友好的态度 13. had better (not) do sth.=’d better (not)do sth. 最好(不)做 14. at the table 就餐at table 在桌旁 15.begin\start with 以…开始end with 以…结束 16.eat sth.up 吃完ate(过去式) 17. drink to sb.\sth. 为……祝酒Let’s drin k to her health. 18. point at sb. with sth. 用某物指着某人 19. remember to do sth. 记得要做某事 remember doing sth. 记得做过某事 20. finish doing sth. 完成做某事 21.around\ all over\across\throughout the world 全世界 22. different eating habits 不同的饮食习惯 23. be far away from 远离 23. be different from 反义词the same as 不同于 24. pick up 捡起、接某人 25.main course 主菜two courses 两道菜\两个课程 26. in the southern part of China in the south of China在中国南部 27. eastern\southern\western\northern\central 东南西北中(形) Unit 7Topic 3 1.on sale减价出售for sale待售 2. kind-hearted 好心的 hard-working努力工作\学习 3.in fact 事实上in short = in a word简言之 4.wish sb. succeed祝某人成功. wish(sb.)to do sth.希望(某人)做 5.order a meal 订餐order sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事 6.e-mail sth. to sb.(动)send an e-mail to sb.(名)发e-mail给 by e-mail (名) 7.have a balanced diet 有个均衡的饮食 8. be worth (doing)sth. 值得(做)某事 9. It’s said that……据说 10. not only…but also…不但……而且…… There be句型either…or… 或者……或者…… 就近一致原则(both…and…除外) Unit 8 Topic 1 1.so …that+句子如此...以至于so + adj. + a(n) + n.+ that= such +a(n) + adj. + n. + that 2.so that+句子=in order to+V 为了 3.too…to do sth=not…enough to do sth太...而不能3.nearly=almost几乎hardly几乎不 4.be made of\from\in (of为看得见的材料,from为看不见的,in为物品制造地) 5.花费:人+pay…for… 人+spend +时间\钱on sth.\in (doing) sth. 物+cost+钱 It +takes sb+时间to do sth 6.on birthdays on special days at Christmas at noon in winter in the daytime in the old days 7.dress 连衣裙\着装8.catch one’s eye惹人注目 9.as well as 除……之外(还有)except除了...外(不再有) 10. as well=too 也,置句末,否定用either 11. protect sb.\ sth.. from sth. 保护……不受……的伤害 12. more than 不仅仅,比……更多 13. do exercise(不可数)do eye exercises(可数) 14.as the saying goes 俗话说 Unit 8 Topic 2 1.make sth. for sb.= make sb. sth.给某人做某物 2. look adj. on sb. 穿在某人身上看起来… 3. allow sb.to do sth. 允许某人做某事 4. at work在工作时 5. make a survey about sth. 做关于…的调查 6. carry out special tasks 执行特殊任务 7. keep\stop sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事 stop to do sth. 停下去做某事stop doing sth.停下手中的事 8.put on\take off 穿上\脱下9. on every occasion 在每个场合 10. in our lives在我们生活中in the daily life 在日常生活中 11.It’s + adj.+that…= It’s + adj.+(for sb.) to do sth. 做某事怎么样 12. try on 试穿13. according to 根据 14. advise sb. to do sth.=give sb. some advice on sth.建议某人做 15. some…some…and others… 一些……一些……另一些…… 16. hide----hid躲藏 17. be suitable for sb.\sth. 适用于…… be suitable to do sth. 适宜、得体做…… 18. dress correctly穿衣得体19. at the airport在机场 20. falling ceilings天花板 Unit 8 Topic 3 1.There is going to be =There will be某地将有 2.model the clothes展示服装 3. in the middle\center of 在…中间 4. a traditional dress 一条传统的裙子 5. in the world of 在……的领域 6. stand for 代表 7. another 3 models= 3 more\other models 8. as for sb.\sth. 至于某人|某物 9. get one’s name 得名于10. design…as… 把……设计成…… 11. either of… 两者中的任何一个,谓语为单数 12. in the 1920s 20世纪20年代 13.become known to\as…=be famous to\for 被某人所熟知|作为……被人所熟知 14. choice(名) choose(动)chose(过去式)选择 15.widely known=well-known 被……所熟知 16. at one time 曾经in the past在过去 17. out of style过时in style 时髦 18.outside a clothing store= out of a clothing store在服装店外 二、重点语法知识复习 (一)动词不定式 1、动词不定式的基本形式:to+动词原形,有时可以不用to,这里的to 是不定式符号,本身无词义,动词不定式的否定形式是not+(to+)动词原形。 2、动词不定式的句法功能: 1)作主语 动词不定式作主语时,常常用it 作形式主语,而将真正的主语(动词不定式)放在后面。 其结构为:It +be+adj.+(+for\of sb.)+动词不定式。 例句:(背过) To learn English well is useful.= It is useful to learn English well. It is important for us (保护环境)。 It is not easy for us (学好英语)。 注意:在kind, good, nice, clever 等表示人的品质的形容词后,不用for 而用of. It is clever of you to do like that. It is very kind of you to help me. 2)做表语 My work is to clean the room everyday. My job is to take care of the little babies. 3)作宾语 I like to play basketball. 注意:一些谓语动词后只能用动词不定式作宾语,常见的这类词表示打算或者希望, 例如:would like, want, wish, hope, decide, plan, except等。 I would like to see a film this evening. I hope to become a teacher in the future. 在find, think等词语后,常用it 作形式宾语,而把真正的宾语(动词不定式)放到句末。 I find to learn English well is easy. =I find it easy to learn English well. I find (学好英语很难)。 I don’t think (独立完成作业很困难)。 4)作宾语补足语 不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主动关系。tell, ask, allow, get, encourage等动词后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语。 Lucy asked me to turn down the radio. My mother encourages me to learn Japanese. 5)作定语 不定式作定语应放在被修饰词后面。 There is nothing to worry about. He was the best man to do the job. 6)作状语 动词不定式作状语,最常考的是作目的状语。 I’m sorry to trouble you.(表原因) I went to the library to study English.(表目的) To find a book in the library, enter a key word into the computer.(表目的)注意:动词不定式常和疑问词what, which, when, where, how 连用,相当于一个宾语从句。 The teacher is telling the students what to do. He didn’t know where to go. (二)状语从句 1、时间状语从句:常用when, as, while, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as等连词来引导。 It was raining hard(rain hard 下大雨)when got to school yesterday. He had learned a little Chinese before he came to China. After he finished middle school, he went to work in a factory. 注意:在时间状语从句里,通常不用将来时态,用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。例如: I’ll ring you up as so on as I get to New Y ork. I will tell him everything when he comes back. He won’t believe it until he sees it with his own eyes. 2、条件状语从句 (1)条件状语从句通常由if, unless引导。例如: What shall we do if it snows tomorrow? Don’t leave the building unless I tell you to. (2)在条件状语从句里,谓语动词通常用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。例如: I’ll help you with your English if am free tomorrow. He won’t be late unless he is ill. (3)“祈使句+ and (or)+ 陈述句” 在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。例如: Hurry up, or you’ll be late. =If you don’t hurry up, you’ll be late. Study hard and you will pass the exam. =If you study hard, you will pass the exam. 3.原因状语从句 原因状语从句通常由because, since, as引导。例如: He didn’t come to school because he was ill. As it is raining, we shall not (不得;不应该)go the zoo. Since you can’t answer the question, I’ll ask some one else. 3、目的状语从句 (1)目的状语从句通常由so that, in order that(为了,以便)引导。例如: We started early so that we could catch the first train. He studies hard so that he could work better in the future. We used the computer in order that we might save time. (2)so that既可引导目的状语从句,又可引导结果状语从句。区别这两种从句的办法有两个:1)目的状语从句里往往带有情态动词can, could, may, might等。2)从意思上看,目的状语从句往往表示的目的很明确。例如: Speak clearly so that they may understand you. (目的状语从句) Jack is badly ill so that he has to rest. (结果状语从句) 4、结果状语从句 结果状语从句由so…that, such…that, so that引导。例如: He is so poor that he can’t buy a bike for his son. She is such a good teacher that everybody likes her. My pencil fell under the desk, so that I couldn’t see it. 注意:在由so...that引导的结果状语从句中,so是副词,与形容词连用。其结构是: “...so + 形容词(副词)+ that + 从句”。例如: He was so gl ad that he couldn’t say a word. The hall is so big that it can hold 2,000 people. Mother lives so far away that we hardly ever(几乎不,从来不)see her. 在由such…that引导的结果状语从句中,such是形容词,它修饰的可以是单数或复数可数名词,也可以是不可数名词;名词前面可以带形容词,也可不带。如果是单数可数名词,前面需加不定冠词a或an。例如: It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything. He had such long arms that he could almost touch the ceiling.(天花板) 注意:如果名词前由many, much, little, few等词修饰时,只能用so, 不用such。例如: Soon there were so many deer that they ate up all the wild roses. 5、让步状语从句 (1)让步状语从句通常由although, though等连词引导。例如: Though he is young, he knows a lot. Although I am tired, I must go on working. (2)although(though)不能用在同一个句子中。例如: 我们不能说:Though it was raining hard, but he still went out. 应该说:Though it was raining hard, he still went out.或It was raining hard, but he still went out. (三)宾语从句:是一种名词性从句,在句中作及物动词的宾语,或介词的宾语,或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词,宾语从句可分为三类。 1. 由that引导的宾语从句。that只有语法作用,没有实在的意义,在口 语和非正式文体中可以省略。例如: He said (that) he wanted to stay at home. She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill. I am sure (that) he will succeed. 2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如: Do you know who (whom) they are waiting foe? He asked whose handwriting was the best. Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is? I don’t know why the train is late. 3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。if和whether在句中的意思是“是 否”。例如: I want to know if (whether) he lives there. He asked me whether (if) I could help him. 注意:if 和Whether的区别 1)由连词if、whether 引导的表示“是否…”的宾语从句。Whether,if 在从句中不做句子的成分,一般情况下,whether和if 可以替换。例:I don’t know if/whether he will come tomorrow. The teacher asked if/whether we had finished the experiment. 2)、下面几种情况只能用whether ①和不定式连(whether to do sth.)用作宾语时不用if引导. 例:Whether to go there hasn’t been decided. They asked me whether to go shopping. ②宾语从句中有or not时不用if引导. 例:I don’t know whether the star will come or not. ③在介词后面的宾语从句中不用if引导 例:I’m thinking of whether we should go fishing. 宾语从句的语序 宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。例如: I hear (that) physics isn’t easy. I think (that) you will like this school soon. Can you tell me how I can get to zoo? Please tell me when we’ll have the meeting. 1、Could you tell me______. A. you will get here when B. when will you get here C. get here when you will D. when you will get here 2、The old man asked me ________ . A. where was the cinema B. where is the cinema C. where the cinema was D. where was the way to the cinema 宾语从句的时态 1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时,宾语从句该用什么时态就用什么时态。简单记为“主现从原来(原来的时态)” 如:I don’t think (that) you are right. Please tell us where he is. Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station? 2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时,宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态(一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成时),简单记为“主过从过去”。例如: He asked what time it was. He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet. He asked if you had written to Peter. He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon. 3. 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理,其时态常用一般现在时。例如: Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year. Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun. 1、I didn’t know _______ he will come or not. A. that B. whether C. weather D. how 2、I wonder _________ . A. how much cost these shoes B. how much do these shoes cost C. how much these shoes cost D. how much are these shoes cost 宾语从句习题: ( ) 1.I don't know ______ he will come tomorrow . A. if B. whether C. what D. both A and B ( )2.I don't know______ it is going to rain or not tomorrow . A. if B. whether C. both A and B ( )3.I think _____ someone forgot to sweep the floor . A. that B. / C. where D. both A and B ( )4.He asked me ______ she put the books . A. what B. where C. who D.that ( )5.A: Could you tell me ______? B: Yes , I'll show you . A. what should I do with the computer B. how can I use the computer C. how to use the computer D. what I how to use the computer ( )6. Could you tell me ______ ? A. where the twins were B. where the twins are C where are the twins ( )7.. Do you know ______ ? A. where does he live B. where he does live C. where he lives D. where he lives in ( )8. My friend asked me ______ . A. who is the girl B. who the girl was C. who was the girl D. who the girl is ( )9. I want to know ______ there . A. will who go B. who will go C. who does go D. who go ( )10. ─Mike wants to know if ____ a picnic tomorrow. ─Yes. But if it _______, we'll visit the museum instead. A. you have/ will rain B. you will have/ will rain C. you will have/ rains D. will you have/ rains ( )11.Miss Liu said ______ she would leave the message on the headmaster”s desk. A. that B. where C. which D. what