英语翻译资格考试-英语翻译高级口译分类模拟笔记题(三)

英语 关于好奇心的名言警句英语高中英语词汇下载高中英语词汇 下载英语衡水体下载小学英语关于形容词和副词的题 翻译资格考试-英语翻译高级口译分类模拟笔记题(三) 英语翻译高级口译分类模拟笔记题(三) Note-taking and Gap-Filling A If you ask me: What got you interested in science? I would say. When I don't 1 how things work, I'm 2 . Then what got me into 3 biology, 4 ? I'd like to understand how biology works, how living 5 work. How would you 6 synthetic biology? What does it 7 ? My interest is to 8 and reliably, quickly, easily, cheaply put 9 the bits and 10 of biology to make new and useful things. The 11 of synthetic biology is to make routine the 12 , the programming of living 13 . And the last seventy years of biology has been a success at taking things 14 and reading out the 15 , but we've never put things 16 together. Seventy years ago, the 17 came into biology and really shook things up. What's happening now is that the engineers are coming into biology and going to 18 things up in a 19 , different way. The last thing to say is that we've developed some technologies that make it easy. DNA synthesis is getting better, which means that the cost and time to 20 one of your designs isn't six years, but six weeks, perhaps. B Everyone experiences 21 on some level every day. Stress, broadly defined, is our 22 to events we perceive as 23 or challenging. Of course, not everyone perceives the same events or circumstances as 24 ; we don't always react the same way to the same stressors. In fact, something that is extremely stressful for one person may be exciting and 25 for another. In general, stressful events can be classified into three main 26 : cataclysmic events, personal stressors, and background stressors. Cataclysmic events are 27 events that cause stress suddenly and immediately. Their examples are earthquakes, fires, or other 28 . Personal stressors are major life events that create stress. They can include the death of a loved one, a job loss, a divorce, a financial 29 , or a 30 move. Finally, background stressors, which we can also think of as day-to-day 31 , or minor 32 . Examples of background stressors are waiting in a long line, getting 33 in a traffic jam, being 34 to noise, experiencing a delay, or dealing with broken equipment. Repeated exposure to stressors has both 35 and biological 36 . When we are exposed to stressors, our adrenal glands secrete certain 37 , and our heart rate and blood pressure rise. And when the body is preparing for emergencies, body 38 such as the heart and blood 39 can begin to 40 . 答案 八年级地理上册填图题岩土工程勘察试题省略号的作用及举例应急救援安全知识车间5s试题及答案 : Note-taking and Gap-Filling A 1、understand [听力原文] If you ask me: What got you interested in science, in general? I have to say- When I don't understand how things work, I'm curious. It bothers me when I don't understand how things work. I'd like to understand how things work. I want to understand how things work. I can repeat that for a long time. Then what got me into synthetic biology, specifically? I'd like to understand how biology works, how living organisms work. So I started thinking about why it's been so hard to understand biology. And the conclusion I've come to is that the biological systems that we find in nature are not themselves designed by nature, by evolution, to be easy to understand. And so if I wanted to have biology that I understand, I'd be better off building it myself. In the same way that you might try to understand a car, or a bicycle by taking it apart and having the pieces all over your lawn. But you're going to have a much better understanding of a car or a bicycle if you take the bits and pieces and put them together to build one from scratch. And that's why I got interested in synthetic biology. So that takes us in the next direction. How would you define synthetic biology? What is it, and what does it actually synthesize? There're a couple different ways to look at it. I mean, for me, I'm trained as an engineer, so my interest is to be able to routinely and reliably, quickly, easily, cheaply put together the bits and pieces of biology to make new and useful things. The goal of synthetic biology is to make routine the engineering, the programming of living organisms. So you think about how you'd use a computer today, how you program a computer today. Even though it might sound like a challenging thing to do, in relative and absolute terms it's quite easy to program a computer. So how do we get to some future where the programming of living systems by changing their DNA and other things is as simple and straightforward and understandable and reliable as the computers are today? So that's my take on synthetic biology. It's a combination of "What are the things we'd actually like to get biology to do on our behalf?" and "What are the tools, technology platforms, the basic infrastructure that would help us get to that endpoint more reliably, and let more people get there?" There's another perspective on the field, which is not an engineering perspective. The scientific perspective on the field is, "I don't understand something unless I can put it together." And the last 70 years of biology has been a tremendous success at taking things apart and reading out the genome, but we've never put things back together. Again, we can go back to the idea that you take your father's car, you rip it apart, it's all over the lawn, you sort of understand what's going on, but until you can put it back together, you're not going to convince anybody that you really understand what you're doing. If you ask- What do you think makes synthetic biology such a hot field right now, makes it so popular? It's fun. You get to build stuff. Right, building is a great way to learn. You might fail, you might not succeed, but you're going to be succeeding for physical reasons which you can go follow up on. The other thing to say is 70 years ago, it was the physicists who came into biology and really shook things up. I suspect that what's happening now is that the engineers are coming into biology, and they're going to shake things up in a complementary, different way, but as significant. And if you ask an engineer what they want to do in their heart, they would tell you they want to make something. The other, last thing to say is that we've developed some technologies that make it easy. Not easy, I mean easier. DNA synthesis is getting-better, and better, and better, which means that the cost and time to compile one of your designs isn't six years. It might be six weeks. Which is still slow, but it's not infinitely slow.2、curious 3、synthetic 4、 specifically 5、organisms 6、define 7、synthesize 8、 routinely 9、together 10、pieces 11、goal 12、engineering 13、organisms 14、apart 15、genome 16、back 17、physicists 18、shake 19、complementary 20、compile B 21、stress [听力原文] Everyone experiences stress on some level every day. Stress, broadly defined, is our response to events that we perceive as threatening or challenging. We may experience different levels of stress depending on the stressors, that is, the events or circumstances that cause us to feel stress. Of course, not everyone perceives the same events or circumstances as stressful; we don't always react the same way to the same stressors. In fact, something that is extremely stressful for one person may be exciting and non-stressful for another. In general, though, stressful events can be classified into three main categories: cataclysmic events, personal stressors, and background stressors. Cataclysmic events are major events that cause stress suddenly, immediately, for a great many people at once. Examples of these are earthquakes, fires, or other disasters. Personal stressors are major life events that create stress. They can include the death of a loved one, a job loss, a divorce, a financial setback, or a geographical move. They are not always events that we would perceive as negative; many "joyful" life events can also cause a great deal of stress. For example, getting engaged or married, acquiring a new family member, through birth or adoption, starting a new job, and even taking a vacation can all be as stressful as "negative" life events. Finally, background stressors, which we can also think of as day-to-day hassles, or minor irritations, can cause stress, particularly when they add up, when we are repeatedly exposed to them. Examples of background stressors are waiting in a long line, getting stuck in a traffic jam, being exposed to noise, experiencing a delay of some sort, or dealing with broken equipment. Examples of chronic background stressors, and the kind that can lead to long-term health problems, include being unhappy with one's job, living environment, marriage, or relationship. Stress is not something that only exists in our mind. Repeated exposure to stressors has both psychological and biological consequences. When we are exposed to stressors, our adrenal glands secrete certain hormones, and our heart rate and blood pressure rise. We experience a "fight or flight" response, a sense of emergency, where the body prepares to defend itself. This is useful in some situations, especially where we might actually need to defend ourselves. In the long run, though, this activation of what is known as the sympathetic nervous system has negative effects and reduces our capacity to manage stress. When stress hormones are constantly secreted, and the body is continually preparing for emergencies, body tissues such as the heart and blood vessels can begin to deteriorate. The immune system functions less effectively, and reduces our ability to fight off illnesses. The sequence of physiological reactions to stress may be three phases. The first is the "alarm and mobilization" phase. This is when we first become aware of a stressor. When we respond with alarm, we may feel upset or confused. We may even feel a sense of panic or fear. After that, however, we may begin to mobilize our efforts—in other words, to take action to remove the stressor. For example, if you received a mid-semester report stating that your grades were all very low, you might worry at first, but then you would probably make plans to reverse the situation, to improve your grades. It is during this first phase that the sympathetic nervous system is activated and the body responds with a sense of emergency. The second phase is the resistance stage, which occurs if the stressor is not removed. This is the stage when we fight against the stressor or try to cope with the stressor. The attempt to mobilize and remove the source of stress from phase one can result in further stress. For example, if you were studying long hours to try to improve low grades, you might succeed in improving the grades but create more stress in the process. This can lead to the third phase, exhaustion. In this phrase, if resistance was not successful and stressors still exist, our ability to fight or cope with the stressor diminishes. At this point, symptoms of stress manifest themselves psychologically and biologically. Psychologically, we may become irritable, short-tempered, or unable to focus. There may be a sense of being completely overwhelmed and unable to function. Biologically, our bodies may react with such symptoms as aches and pains, fatigue, or illnesses. Interestingly, the exhaustion phase may actually be an extreme way of trying to avoid the stressors. The body may be telling us that we need to take a break, that we need to do whatever is necessary to remove ourselves from the stressor.22、response 23、threatening 24、stressful 25、 non-stressful 26、categories 27、major 28、disasters 29、 setback 30、geographical 31、hassles 32、irritations 33、 stuck 34、exposed 35、psychological 36、consequences 37、 hormones 38、tissues 39、vessels 40、deteriorate