Intercontinental

Intercontinental Tianjin Basic Facts 2009 Compiled by Tianjin Municipal Information Office Tianjin Municipal Foreign Affairs Office Tianjin Municipal Statistical Bureau China Intercontinental Press Chief Editor Xiao Huaiyuan Deputy Chief Editors Gong Jiansheng, Tian Guiming, Du Xiping Editing Committee Members Gong Tieying, Chen Weiming, Du Wei Cao Hanjun, Lang Heping, Li Lixin Compilers-in-charge Chu Lizhong, Huang Jinmin Compiling Staff Huang Ying, Ma Lan, Dai Hua, Liang Wei, Peng Cheng Zheng Li, Wang Xuefei, Qi Heling English Translator Li Chunjiang Designer Tianjin Origraph Design Co., Ltd. Chinese Rose City flower Symbolic of peace and friendship Chinese Ash City tree Resistant to alkaline and cold, suitable for Tianjin’s soil and climate 1 1 History 2 2 Physical Geography 6 3 Overall Strength 14 4 Economic Structure 22 5 Population and Employment 28 6 Agricultural Economy 34 7 Modern Industry 38 8 Service Industry 44 9 Opening to the Outside World 54 10 Urban Construction 64 11 People’s Life 72 12 Science and Technology 82 13 Social Undertakings 88 14 Binhai New Area 98 15 Prospect and Objectives 110 16 Tourist Resources 116 2 Naming of Tianjin Establishment of Tianjin City Tianjin in Modern Times Historic Changes Naming of Tianjin Referred to as “Jin” for short in Chinese, Tianjin (meaning “port for the emperor”) is widely known as “Jin’gu”, “Jinmen”, etc. The present Sancha Hekou used to be the confluence of the South Canal and the North Canal. And it is one of the places that Tianjin has expanded and developed. After the middle period of Tang Dynasty (618–907), Tianjin developed into a ferry terminal for the transportation of grain and silk from the south to the north. In Jin Dynasty (1115–1234) and Yuan Dynasty (1206–1368), with the establishment of “Zhigu Zhai” and “Haijin Town”, Tianjin became a town of great military significance as well as a hub for the water transportation of grains. Establishment of Tianjin City In the second year of Jianwen Reign in Ming Dynasty (1400), Zhu Di led his army southward through Zhigu and across the river to seize power. In 1403, the designation of the imperial reign was changed into Yongle. As a town of great military significance, Tianjin was established as a city fortress (Wei) in 1404, the second year of Yongle Reign. In 1405 and 1406, two more fortresses were established on the left and right wings of Tianjin. In 1652, the ninth year of Shunzhi Reign in Qing Dynasty, the three fortresses were joined into one, which is known as Tianjin Wei. Since the founding of the city fortress in 1404, Tianjin has existed as a city for 605 years. Tianjin in Modern Times After Tianjin became a treaty port in 1860, many western powers rushed to establish their own concessions in Tianjin. For this reason, Tianjin was among the first few cities in North China to open up and it became a base for the Westernization Movement. Besides, Tianjin also took the 3 lead in China in military modernization, the construction of railroads, telegraph, telephone, post, mining, modern education and legal systems. At that time, Tianjin was the second largest industrial and commercial city in China and the largest financial and trade center in the North China. Historic Changes Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, as a municipality directly under the central government, Tianjin has undergone great development in economic construction and social undertakings. When the policy of reform and opening was adopted in China in 1978, Tianjin became one of the first coastal port cities to open to the outside world. As a result, the economies under multiple forms of ownership in Tianjin have developed together; the open economy was pushed forward; achievements have been made in social programs; and the people’s living standard has improved from having adequate food and clothing to a fairly comfortable life. Tianjin has demonstrated boundless vigor and vitality in her development. The involvement of Binhai New Area in the national development strategy in 2006 marked that the new area stepped onto a new stage in its development. Tianjin will seize this historic opportunity, quicken its paces to increase its economic strength, and make Bohai-rim Region the third pole of economic growth in China, following Zhujiang River Delta and Yangtze River Delta. In the reform, opening and independent innovation in China, Tianjin will play a more and more important role. Tianjin, a glistening pearl by the Bohai Bay, will surely become even brighter. Geographic Location Topography Administrative Regions Area Climate Natural Resources 4 Geographic Location Located at latitude 38?34’N–40?15’N and longitude 116?43’E–118?04’E, Tianjin belongs to the 8th eastern international time zone. Tianjin lies on the northeast of North China Plain and the lower reaches of Haihe River Basin. On its east is Bohai Sea; north, Yanshan Mountain; and west, Beijing. In Tianjin, five major branches of Haihe River-South Canal, Ziya River, Daqing River, Yongding River, and North Canal-converge and flow into the sea. The city of Tianjin is well-known for its abundance in rivers and closeness to the sea. Tianjin has great advantages for its geographic location. At the center of Bohai-rim Economic Circle on the west coast of the Pacific, Tianjin backs against the north, northwest and northeast of China, faces Northeast Asia, and serves as the largest port city in the north and a major channel for more than a dozen provinces, municipalities, or autonomous regions in the north to communicate with foreign countries. Only 120 km from Beijing, Tianjin plays a significant role in guaranteeing the safety of the capital. Topography Tianjin was formed where the sea receded. Most of it is a plain formed through deposition and erosion as a result of three changes of the route of Yellow River. The land slopes from the northwest mountain area to the lower southeast near the sea. There are three kinds of landforms in Tianjin-mountains, uplands, and plain. Accounting for 94% of the total land, the plain is of a height of 2-5 meters on average. In the north of Tianjin, the upland areas to the south of Yanshan Mountain are about 100-500 meters high. The highest point, Jiushanding Mountain, is 1,078.5 meters high. Administrative Regions Tianjin is one of the four municipalities directly under the central government. It has jurisdiction over 15 districts, 3 counties, 116 towns, 20 townships, 107 neighborhood offices, 1,504 residents’ committees and 3,838 villagers’ committees. In the city proper, there are 6 districts: Heping, Hedong, Hexi, Nankai, Hebei and Hongqiao. In the coastal area, there are three districts: Tanggu, Han’gu, and Dagang. In the suburbs, there are six districts: Dongli, Xiqing, Jinnan, Beichen, Wuqing and Baodi. There are also three counties: Ninghe, Jinghai and Jixian. Area 5 The administrative region of Tianjin covers an area of 11,760 square kilometers. The city proper covers 7,399 square kilometers and the counties cover 4,361 square kilometers. It is 189 km long from north to south and 117 km wide from west to east. The perimeter of the whole city is about 1,290.8 km, including a coast line of 153.3 km and a landline of 1,137.5 km. Climate Located in the warm temperate zone, Tianjin has sub-humid continental monsoon climate. The four seasons are clearly cut. In winter, because of the influence of cold high from Mongolia, there is often northwest wind in Tianjin, and the weather is often cold and dry. In summer, influenced by the subtropical high from the northwest Pacific, there often blows south wind in Tianjin and the weather is hot and wet. In spring, it is dry and windy, and the temperature changes dramatically. In autumn, the weather is fine and comfortable. The climate in Tianjin is mostly continental, but under the influence of the Bohai Bay, features of marine climate also appear sometimes. Sea-land breezes are quite obvious. The average temperature in a year is 11.4?–12.9?. The coldest month is January, with an average temperature of -5.4?– -3.0?; the hottest month is July, with an average temperature of 25.9?–26.7?. On average, the annual precipitation is about 566mm, 85% of which is concentrated in summer and autumn. The sunshine time in the city is 2,471–2,769 hours, and the average wind speed is 2.3 m/s. Natural Resources Tianjin enjoys a rich supply of natural resources. First of all, there are abundant oil and gas resources. Bohai and Dagang Oil Fields are key state oil and gas projects, with a geological reserve of 4 billion tons of petroleum. The oil fields cover more than 100 square kilometers and they turned out 19,940,000 tons of crude oil in 2008. The reserve of natural gas resources is over 150 billion m3. In 2008, 1.401 billion cubic meters natural gas was turned out here. Secondly, with its coastline stretching 153.3 kilometers, Tianjin has inexhaustible sea salt resources. Changlu Salt Field, the most famous sea salt production base in China, is located here. In 2008, this salt field turned out 2,342,500 tons of salt. Thirdly, Tianjin possesses rich mineral resources. There are over 20 kinds of metal minerals, including jim-boite, manganese, gold, wolfram, molybdenum, copper, zinc, iron, etc. The nonmetal minerals, including cement rock, barytes, stromatolith, marble, natural rock, purple sand porcelain clay, and maifan stone, are of considerable mining values. Fourthly, plentiful geothermal resources are available in Tianjin. The 6 underground warm water temperature ranges from 30? to 90? and, in addition to its excellent quality, the warm water is deposited at a shallow position. Ten areas with geothermal resources have been discovered, covering an area of 2,434 square kilometers. Fifthly, the land resources 2are abundant, too. The total land area of Tianjin is 11,917.30 km, 37.0% 2of which is arable land (4,410.90 km). The residential, industrial and 2mining areas cover 2,809.90 km, accounting for 23.6% of the total land; 2the unused land covers 1,308.70 km, accounting for 11.0%. Except the mountains and uplands in Jixian County, the land in Tianjin is mainly fertile soil developed from deep sediments. On the lower reaches of Haihe 2River, there are about 1,200 km wasteland and shallows in Binhai New Area, available for further development. These land resources can be exploited for construction or ecological purposes. Gross Economy Finance A Day in Tianjin Role of Tianjin in China Gross Economy In 2008, Tianjin thoroughly applied the Scientific Outlook on Development, in the light of President Hu Jintao’s requirement of “two national front ranks” and “one pioneer” and instructions on the work of Tianjin, implemented the national macro-control policies, and accelerated its efforts to achieve the development objectives by adopting appropriate work methods. Proactive measures have been taken to deal with unfavorable influences, and to push forward the scientific, harmonious development ahead of other provinces or regions. Thanks to these efforts, the gross economy in Tianjin has undergone a rapid and steady development, with a sustained increase in its development speed. According to a preliminary accounting, the total output value in Tianjin reached 635.438 billion yuan, an increase of 130.398 billion yuan over the previous year, the increase amplitude exceeding 100 billion yuan for the first time. In terms of comparable prices, the growth rate is as much 7 as 16.5%, up 1.3 percentage points over the previous year. Calculated on the basis of permanent residents, the per capita output value is 55,473 yuan, or US$7,987, up 11.3%. Finance In 2008, in spite of the downturn of macro-economy, the proactive measures taken in Tianjin led to a steady and rapid growth of financial revenue by 23.7% to 149.006 billion yuan, including 67.562 billion yuan local general financial revenue, a growth of 25.1%. The revenue from principal kinds of taxes has also increased steadily. Revenues from value-added tax, business tax, enterprise income tax and individual income tax account for 77.9% of tax revenues, a rise of 22.7%. Enterprise income tax and business tax have increased by 36.2% and 22.9% respectively. The fiscal expenditure in the year is 106.325 billion yuan, up 24.1% over the previous year. Finance has further contributed to the steady and rapid development of economy. The expenditure on the maintenance of urban infrastructure is 39.48 billion yuan, up 23.3%; the expenditure on science and technology is 2.865 billion yuan, up 29.2%. In addition, it is obvious that finance is of greater capacity to improve and guarantee the people’s livelihood. The expenditure on social security and employment is 10.572 billion yuan, up 32.7%; the expenditure on education, culture, public health and other social programs is 20.163 billion yuan, up 28.0%; the expenditure on public security is 6.585 billion yuan, up 22.4%. Finance has also rendered greater support to the construction of new countryside. The expenditure on the support for agriculture increased by 43.9% to 3.854 billion yuan. A Day in Tianjin Tianjin is an important economic center of the Bohai-rim Region, and the life here is highly efficient and orderly every day. The wealth created and achievements made in Tianjin every day reflect the economic strength and vigor of the city, and demonstrate her unique charm to the whole world. Role of Tianjin in China Located at the center of Bohai-rim Region, Tianjin is one of the four municipalities directly under the central government, the largest open coastal city in the north, and a famous city with historic and cultural significance. As one of the first coastal cities in China to open to the outside world, Tianjin plays an important role in the economic development in the local region as well as in the whole nation. With the involvement of Tianjin Binhai New Area in the national development plan, Tianjin is ready to take a historic opportunity for development. Following Shenzhen Special Economic Zone and Shanghai Pudong New Area, Tianjin Binhai New 8 Area is becoming another pole of economic growth that will contribute much to the development of regional economy. Tianjin has become one of the areas in China with the greatest attraction for investors and the highest rate of investment returns. Although the population of Tianjin is only 0.9% of that of China, and its land area is only 0.1% of the total area of China, its outputs of petroleum, seamless steel pipes, cars, bicycles, and mobile phones account for 1/10, 1/6, 1/10, 3/10 and 1/6 of the total in China respectively. Industrial Structure Employment Structure Investment Structure Ownership Structure Industrial Structure In 2008, the primary industry achieved an added value of 12,258 million yuan, up 3.1% over the previous year. The secondary industry achieved an added value of 382,107 million yuan, up 18.2%. The industrial added value is 353,386 million yuan, a growth of 18.9% over the previous year. It stimulates the economic growth of Tianjin by 10.1%, and its economic growth contribution rate is 61.5%. The added value of the architectural industry is 28,721 million yuan, up 9.2%. The tertiary industry achieved an added value of 241,073 million yuan, up 14.7%, which is 0.4 percentage point higher than the previous year. The contribution rates of the three industries to economic growth are 0.4%, 64.0%, and 35.6% respectively. The ratio of the three industries has changed from 3.5?51.9?44.6 in 2003 to 1.9?60.1?38.0 in 2008. Employment Structure At the end of 2008, the number of the employed in Tianjin reached 6,473,200, up 5.4% over the previous year. Of all the employed people, 763,000 work in the primary industry, accounting for 11.8%, a drop of 0.7%. In the secondary industry, there are 2,719,000 workers, accounting for 42.0% of 9 the total, a drop of 0.6%. In the tertiary industry, there are 2,991,200 people, accounting for 46.2%, up 1.3% over the previous year. Investment Structure The investment in fixed assets has undergone rapid progress. In 2008, the total investment in fixed assets in Tianjin exceeded 300 billion yuan, reaching 340.410 billion yuan, up 42.5% over the previous year. In terms of economic type, the investment in state-owned economy is 132,712 million yuan, up 43.6%, accounting for 39.0% of the total fixed asset investment; the investment in non-state-owned economy is 207,698 million yuan, up 41.8%. The investment in the urban area is 318,945 million yuan, up 43.2%; the investment in the rural area is 21,465 million yuan, up 33.3%. In terms of the three industries, the investment in the primary industry is 3,726 million yuan, a rise of 1.4 times; the investment in the secondary industry is 150,644 million yuan, up 43.3%; the investment in the tertiary industry is 186,040 million yuan, up 40.8%, accounting for 54.7% of the total fixed asset investment in Tianjin. The investment in real estate industry is 68,042 million yuan, up 26.9%, accounting for 36.6% of the investment in the tertiary industry. The investment in traffic and transportation, storage, and post accounts for 18.2% and the investment in the management of water, environment and public facilities accounts for 26.2%. Ownership Structure Non-public-owned economy underwent steady development. According to preliminary accounting, in the total output value of Tianjin in 2008, the public-owned economy achieved an added value of 292,300 million yuan, accounting for 46.0% of the total in Tianjin, a drop of 0.3 percentage point; the non-public economy achieved an added value of 343,138 million yuan, accounting for 54.0% of the total, a rise of 0.3 percentage point. In non-public economy, the private sector and individual economy achieved an added value of 171,568 million yuan, 27.0% of the total output value of Tianjin; foreign investment economy and other economies achieved an added value of 171,570 million yuan, 27.0% of the total output value in Tianjin. Population Natural Changes of Population 10 Age Structure of Population Education Background Employment Population At the end of 2008, there was a permanent population of 11,760,000 in Tianjin, an increase of 610,000 over the previous year, including a moving-in population of 2,240,000. Of the permanent population, the urban population is 9,082,200, an increase of 573,300 over the previous year; the rural population is 2,677,800, an increase of 36,700. The registered population in Tianjin is 9,688,700, up 97,700 over the previous year. In term of registry permanent residence, the agricultural residents constitute a population of 3,806,000, a rise of 18,400 over the previous year; the non-agricultural residents make up a population of 5,882,700, up 79,300 over the previous year. In terms of gender, there are 4,878,600 male and 4,810,100 female citizens, an increase of 46,900 and 50,800 respectively over the previous year. Natural Changes of Population According to the population sampling statistics in Tianjin in 2008, the birth rate of Tianjin is 8.13?, 0.22? higher than in the previous year. The death rate is 5.94?, an increase of 0.08?. The natural growth rate of population is 2.19?, up 0.14? over the previous year. There is a natural population growth of 25,100 people. Age Structure of Population According to the population sampling statistics in Tianjin in 2008, there are 1,329,900 young citizens aged 0–14 years, 9,314,300 adults aged 15–64, and 1,115,800 elderly citizens aged above 65. Compared with the statistics for the previous year, the population of young citizens has increased by 46,200, and those of adults and elderly citizens have increased by 518,600 and 45,200 respectively. Influenced by the age structure of in-coming permanent population, there is a trend that the population of the young and elderly increases slightly while the population of people at working age increase sharply. The people aged 0–14 make up 11.31% of the total permanent population; those aged 15–64 and those aged above 65 constitute 79.20% and 9.49% of the total permanent population respectively. Compared with the previous year, the proportions 11 of citizens aged 0–14 and above 65 have dropped by 0.20% and 0.11% respectively. The proportion of those aged between 15–64 has increased by 0.31 percentage point. The people aged 15–64 make up 88.85% of the total unregistered permanent population in Tianjin in 2008. The rejuvenation of permanent population slows down the aging process of Tianjin population. Education Background The education background of Tianjin citizens has improved remarkably. According to a sampling investigation of Tianjin population in 2008, of the permanent residents aged six and above, 8.06% have received college education or above, a rise of 1.68% over the previous year; 8.04% have received junior college education, up 0.49% over the previous year; and 23.24% have received senior high school education, up 0.73%; and 38.70% have received junior high school education, an increase of 0.26% over the previous year. In 2008, of the in-coming population in Tianjin, 10.20% have received college education or above, a rise of 1.79% over the previous year. Employment In 2008, great efforts were made to increase employment through the establishment of new enterprises, and a series of measures and policies were adopted. The 2008 China Tianjin Venture Project Exhibition & Recommendation Conference explored ways to promote employment through business incubation. At the end of the year, a total of 6,473,200 people were employed in Tianjin, a rise of 5.4% over the previous year. Throughout the year, 380,200 new posts were provided, an increase of 13.9%, and 102,000 laid-off workers obtained such job posts. Ten groups of people with difficulty getting jobs were well relocated to suitable job posts. The talent and labor market received 4,075,200 person-times and 841,300 people times reached initial agreement with their potential employers. At the end of the year, the registered unemployment rate in the urban area was 3.6%. Agricultural Output Value and Structure Production of Farm and Sideline Products New Countryside Construction 12 Agricultural Output Value and Structure In 2008, the agricultural output value of Tianjin is 26,811 million yuan, up 3.3% over the previous year. Of the total agricultural output, the crop raising output value is 12,767 million yuan, up 3.1%; the forestry output value is 222 million yuan, up 6.2%; livestock husbandry output value is 8,603 million yuan, up 3.5%; the fishing output value is 4,381 million yuan, up 3.4%; the output value of the service sectors of agriculture, forestry, livestock husbandry and fishing is 838 million yuan, up 2.0%. Livestock breeding (including husbandry and fishing) accounts for 48.4% of the total agricultural output value, up 1.4% over the previous year. Production of Farm and Sideline Products In 2008, the total output of grains in Tianjin reached 1,489,300 tons, an increase of 1.2% over the previous year, the best record over 9 years. The output of wheat reached 524,700 tons, a growth of 3.7%; the output of cotton reached 82,900 tons, down 11.0%; the output of meat was 371,300 tons, up 10.0%; milk output reached 701,200 tons, up 4.3%; the output of aquatic products reached 336,700 tons, up 3.6%; the egg output was 196,900 tons, a 1.3% increase; the fruit output was 623,000 tons, up 0.6%; the vegetable output increased by 14.5% to 3,141,600 tons. New Countryside Construction Accelerated progress has been made in the construction of new countryside. A series of policies have been implemented to support or benefit farmers, and more investments have been made to render support to agriculture. In 2008, 76.0% of the peasant households in Tianjin joined the agricultural industrialization system, up 5% over the previous year. The water saving irrigation area reached 228,900 ha., an increase of 8.1%. Remarkable achievements have been made in the construction of demonstration small towns by exchanging housing land for modern apartments. In 2008, 100,000 farmers moved into their new apartments. Huaming Town has been selected as the best practices area for the World Exposition Shanghai China 2010. The population urbanization rate in Tianjin reached 77.23%, a rise of 0.92 percentage point over the previous year. Countryside highways with a total length of 1000 kilometers and underground water supplying and drainage pipelines of 520 kilometers were built or rebuilt in 2008. 13 Industrial Development Types of Industrial Economy Advantageous Industries Hi-tech Industries Benefits of Industrial Economy Industrial Development Industry underwent rapid growth in 2008. The total industrial added value in Tianjin was 353,386 million yuan, up 18.9% over the previous year. The industries above the designated scale achieved a total added value of 352,068 million yuan, up 21.0%. The total industrial output value reached 1,250,683 million yuan, up 23.7%. The output achieved by industries above the designated scale reached 1,212,865 million yuan, up 24.6%. Key industries contributed much to the development of industry in Tianjin. The industries of transport equipment, special equipment, electrical machinery and devices, general equipment, chemical materials and products achieved an industrial added value 93,178 million yuan, accounting for 26.5% of that of the industries above the designated scale, contributing to the industrial growth in Tianjin by 44.0%. Private industries achieved an added value 36,943 million yuan, accounting for 10.5% of that in industries above the designated scale in Tianjin, a rise of 35.8%. There was a rapid increase in the output of major industrial products. In 2008, the output of natural crude oil is 19,938,600 tons, up 3.6%; the output of electricity is 39,105 million kWh, up 0.9%; the output of natural gas is 1,401 million cubic meters, a rise of 5.0%; the output of seamless steel pipes is 3,315,700 tons, up 22.2%; the year 2008 also saw the production of 538,100 cars, up 18.5%; and 7,172,000 displays, up 14.1% over the previous year. Types of Industrial Economy In 2008, industrial enterprises above the designated size achieved a total industrial output of 1,212,865 million yuan. The state-owned economy achieved 1,777,489 million yuan, up 43.6%, accounting for 14.6% of the total, a rise of 0.8 percentage point over the previous year. Collectively-owned enterprises achieved 31,203 million yuan, up 54.9%; the private economy achieved 144,736 million yuan, up 41.9%, accounting for 11.9% of the total, a rise of 1.2 percentage points; the enterprises 14 with foreign investment achieved 469,538 million yuan, up 10.0%, accounting for 38.7% of the total, a drop of 3.8 percentage points; the enterprises with investment from Hong Kong SAR, Macao SAR and Chinese Taiwan achieved 80,497 million yuan, up 17.0%; the state-owned and state-controlled industrial enterprises achieved an output value of 498,310 million yuan, a rise of 37.2% over the previous year. Advantageous Industries An industrial structure featuring high levels, high quality and high technology has taken shape in Tianjin. In 2008, the six advantageous industries (electronic information, automobile, petro-chemistry, metallurgy, biotechnology and modern medicine, new energy sources and environment protection) achieved an industrial output value of 832,389 million yuan, a rise of 16.8% over the previous year, accounting for 68.6% of the total output of industries above the designated scale in Tianjin, with a contribution rate of 50.0% to industrial growth. Metallurgy industry has become the biggest pillar industry in Tianjin, with an output value of 280.926 billion yuan, accounting for 23.2% of the total output value of industries above the designated scale in Tianjin. Hi-tech Industries In 2008, electronic information, spaceflight and aviation, photoelectrical integration, biotechnology and medicine, new materials, new energy sources and energy-saving materials, environment protection and other hi-tech industries achieved an output value of 344,435 million yuan, accounting for 28.4% of the total output of industries above the designated scale, a rise of 0.4 percentage point over the previous year. The hi-tech industries, through their major business, have achieved an income of 338,881 million yuan, and profit payments and tax turnover 22,613 million yuan. Benefits of Industrial Economy The growth of benefits in industrial economy has slowed down. In 2008, the industrial enterprises above the designated scale in Tianjin with separate accounts realized an income of 1,193,972 million yuan through their major business, an increase of 18.0%. The total profit payments and tax turnover reached 107,325 million yuan, up 3.6%. Of the total, there is tax 34,730 million yuan, up 10.7%, and profit 72,595 million yuan, up 0.5%. The proportion of products sold reached 99.8%, and the rate of profits and taxes to capital was 13.4%. The total asset contribution rate was 13.4%; the all-personnel labor productivity reached 297,000 yuan per 15 person. The industrial added-value rate was 29.0%, and the turnover rate of current assets in the year was 2.5 times. Internal Structure of Service Industry Finance Industry Domestic Trade Traffic and Transportation Industry Port Post and Telecommunication Industry Real Estate Industry Tourist Industry Star Hotels Internal Structure of Service Industry In 2008, the service industry (tertiary industry) of Tianjin achieved an added value of 241,073 million yuan, up 14.7% over the previous year. Of the total, wholesale and retail industry achieved an added value of 60,464 million yuan, a rise of 15.4%, accounting for 25.1% of the total added value in service industry, a rise of 0.8 percentage point; finance industry achieved an added value of 36,055 million yuan, up 16.4%, accounting for 15.0%, a rise of 0.9 percentage point; traffic and transportation, storage and post industry achieved an added value of 32,063 million yuan, up 9.9%, accounting for 13.3%, a drop of 1.1 percentage points; real estate industry achieved an added value of 20,238 million yuan, up 0.4%, accounting for 8.4%, a drop of 0.9 percentage point; other sectors of the service industry achieved 81,644 million yuan, an growth of 19.6%, accounting for 33.9% of the total. Finance Industry 16 In 2008, the finance industry in Tianjin maintained a steady and rapid development trend. The banking industry kept developing, too. The volume of loans increased remarkably. Great achievements were made in the reform of finance institutions. Securities industry developed steadily, and the insurance industry expanded in scale in a stable way. The financial market played a more significant role, and the financial environment was remarkably improved. The finance industry in Tianjin achieved an added value of 36.055 billion yuan, up 16.4% over the previous year. Banking Industry In 2008, the banking industry in Tianjin maintained a good momentum of development. At the end of 2008, there were 3,235 financial institutions in Tianjin, including 2,218 banking institutions, 19 of which were banks with foreign investment. Both deposits and loans increased. At the end of the year, in these financial institutions, the balance of deposits reached 995,416 million yuan, up 20.8%; the fixed savings deposit reached 285,369 million yuan, up 36.0%. At the end of the year, the loan balances in either home and foreign currencies in the financial institutions in Tianjin reached 768,912 million yuan, up 19.3% over the previous year; the mid- and long-term loan balance was 437,719 million yuan, up 23.7%. Throughout the year, the net cash supply increased dramatically by 35.2% to 24,817 million yuan. Securities Industry In 2008, supervision was strengthened in the securities industry in Tianjin. The profit-making model was improved, and measures were taken to protect the interests of investors and enhance comprehensive competitive power. The securities industry maintained a steady trend of development. Fund management companies have expanded in scale, and the financing situation is good with the listed companies. The futures market is more capable of resisting risks. At the end of the year, there were in Tianjin 28 companies listed at home, 1 securities company, 1 fund company, and 6 futures company. The total transaction volume of securities was 799.248 billion yuan, 41.4% lower than in the previous year, including stock transaction volume 675,555 million yuan, bond transaction volume 3,232 million yuan, and fund transaction volume 10,946 million yuan. The total futures transaction volume in the year was 644,810 million yuan, up 0.6%. The number of securities accounts opened in the year was 2,347,700, up 54.9% over the previous year. Insurance Industry 17 In 2008, the insurance industry in Tianjin expanded both its scale and services, and it is better capable of offering services to the economic society. It plays an active role in promoting economic development and guaranteeing livelihood. In the year, the revenue from insurance premium is 17,562 million yuan, up 16.4% over the previous year. The premium of property insurance is 4,182 million yuan; the premium of life insurance is 13,380 million yuan. The total compensation and payment reached 5,103 million yuan, a rise of 23.4%, including 2,099 million yuan for property insurance and 3,003 million yuan for life insurance. By the end of 2008, there were 491 insurance institutions in Tianjin, including 4 head insurance companies, 35 branch companies, 87 intermediary organs, and 2 foreign-owned representative offices. Domestic Trade In 2008, the wholesale and retail industry in Tianjin achieved an added value of 60,464 million yuan, up 15.4% over the previous year. The hotel and catering industry achieved an added value of 10,609 million yuan, up 6.7%. The distribution scale expanded. The total sales volume of wholesale and retail industry above the designated quota reached 1,940,037 million yuan, including 1,021,670 million yuan sales volume of commodities. The consumption demand increased more quickly than before. The total retail volume of social consumer goods was 200,034 million yuan, up 24.5%. The wholesales and retail volume was 169,036 million yuan, up 24.9%; the retail volume of hotel and catering industry was 30,549 million yuan, up 22.7%. The rapid increase in the sales of automobiles, petroleum and relevant products play a significant role in the stimulation of consumption. Their retail volumes increased by 42.9% and 69.3% respectively over the previous year. Together, they contributed to the increase in the sales volume of social consumer goods by 6.7%. In 2008, there are 41 wholesale markets with a transaction volume of more than 1 billion yuan, and 98 markets with a transaction volume of more than 100 million yuan. Their total transaction volume is 144,761 million yuan, up 14.8%. Traffic and Transportation Industry In 2008, the traffic and transportation, storage and post industry achieved an added value of 32,063 million yuan, up 9.9% over the previous year. The total freight transport volume in the year was 550,650,000 tons, a rise of 7.3% over the previous year. Of the total freight transport volume, the highway transport volume was 270 million tons, up 14.9%; railway transport volume was 121,610,000 tons, up 7.7%; waterway transport volume was 150,960,000 tons, down 3.7%. As for passenger transport, throughout the year, there were 87,530,000 passengers, up 18 23.2%. Of these passengers, 65,790,000 traveled by highway, up 25.2%; 19,070,000 by railway, up 21.2%. In 2008, a total of 70,000 planes took off or landed at Tianjin Binhai International Airport, up 6.1%, up 16.2%. The quantity of freight and post handled at the airport is 167,000 tons, up 32.5%; the airport served 4,637,000 passengers, up 20.1%. Port Tianjin Port is the largest comprehensive trade port in the north of China. It has 76 berths above 10,000-ton grade. Relying on the freight sources from the inland, Tianjin Port has made great efforts to promote economic development in the local region and serve as an international shipping center in the north. In 2008, steps were quickened in the construction of the North International Shipping Center. Tianjin Port handled freight 355,930,000 tons, up 15.0% over the previous year, including incoming freight 151,310,000 tons, up 27.4%, and outgoing freight 204,620,000 tons, up 7.3%. The number of freight containers handled in the port was 8,500,000 international standard containers, a net increase of 1,400,000 international standard containers over the previous year. Through years’ construction, Tianjin Port has become an international one. So far, it has established business and trade relations with over 500 ports from 180 countries and regions in the world. Post and Telecommunication Industry The business of post and telecommunication industry kept increasing. In 2008, the total business volume of post and telecommunication was 35,177 million yuan, up 17.0% over the previous year. The business volume of telecommunication was 33,464 million yuan, up 17.7%. At the end of the year, the length of long-distance optical fiber cables reached 3,045.04 km; the capacity of office exchanges is 5,704,300 gates; the number of fixed telephone subscribers reached 3,961,500. The number of local calls on the public network was 6,777 million times; the number long-distance calls was 1,207 million times, including 20 million international calls or calls to Hong Kong SAR, Macao SAR or Chinese Taiwan. The number of mobile phone users reached 8,174,500, up 10.7%. The number of short messages delivered was 10,650 million, a rise of 44.3%. The number of Internet users reached 4,611,800. The number of postal correspondences delivered in this year reached 96,330,000 pieces, up 3.3%, including 20,660,000 express delivery items, up 20.9%. At the end of the year, there were 1,089 offices of post and telecommunication, including 479 post offices. Real Estate Industry 19 In 2008, Tianjin real estate industry achieved an added value of 20,238 million yuan, an increase of 0.4%. The investment in real estate industry increased by 29.4% to 65,372 million yuan, including an investment of 45,933 million yuan in residences, up 34.0%, and an investment of 10,403 million yuan in economical housing, a rise of 1.1 times. The commercial housing under construction covers an area of 57,040,000 square meters, up 17.9%, including 43,060,000 square meters for residences, up 15.0%. The completed housing covers 17,990,000 square meters, up 5.6%, including 14,930,000 square meters for residences, up 6.7%. The commercial housing sold dropped by 19.1% to 12,520,400 square meters. The sales revenue is 75,316 million yuan, down 16.3%. The transaction area of storage housing is 3,781,000 square meters, 41.4% lower than in the previous year, and the transaction value is 19.6 billion yuan, a drop of 28.2%. Tourist Industry Tourist industry in Tianjin underwent remarkable development in 2008. Tianjin received a total of 1,220,400 international tourists, an increase of 18.2% over the previous year, including 1,030,000 foreign guests, up 18.6%. The tourist industry brought home a profit of US$1,001 million, up 28.6%. The number of tourists from other provinces in China increased by 14.8% over the previous year, which led to an increase of 18.2% in tourist income. In this year, 201,000 Tianjin citizens traveled abroad, up 11.0%, which resulted in tourist expenditure 2,738 million yuan, up 13.0%. At the end of 2008, there were 283 travel agencies in Tianjin, including 35 international agencies and 248 domestic ones. There are 38 Class-A scenery areas and 14 industrial and agricultural tourist spots in Tianjin. Star Hotels There are 88 hotels in Tianjin at or above the three-star grade, including 8 five-star hotels (Sheraton Tianjin Hotel, TEDA International Hotel & Club, TEDA International Club, Tianbao International Hotel, Tianjin Golden Crown Hotel, Renaissance Tianjin TEDA Hotel, Tianjin Ruiwan Hotel, Holiday Inn Binhai), 26 four-star hotels and 54 three-star hotels. Foreign Trade Export Structure 20 Introduction of Foreign Investment Exclusively Foreign-owned Enterprises Economic Cooperation with Foreign Partners Domestic Cooperation and Investment International Friendship Cities Foreign Trade In the face of the severe economic situation in the world, Tianjin adopted a series of policies to stimulate the development of foreign trade enterprises, and made great efforts to adjust foreign trade structure. As a result of these effective measures, foreign trade maintained a momentum of steady growth in Tianjin. In 2008, the import and export value of Tianjin foreign trade reached US$80,539 million, up 12.6%, including export US$42,229 million, up 10.7%, and import US$38,310 million, up 14.7%. There is a trade surplus US$3,919 million. As for trade modes, the import and export value of general trade reached US$17,979 million, up 38.2%, accounting for 42.6% of the total export in Tianjin; the export value of processing trade was US$21,741 million, a drop of 5.5% from the previous year, accounting for 51.5% of the total export in Tianjin. The export value of processing trade with imported materials was US$20,634 million yuan, 5.3% lower than in the previous year. Tianjin played a significant role in providing services to neighboring regions. In 2008, the total import and export value through Tianjin port was US$163,102 million, up 26.4%. Of the total, the import value was US$69,004 million, up 28.5%; the export value was US$94,098 million, up 25.0%. The value of goods which other regions imported or exported through Tianjin port account for 59.7% of all the goods imported or exported through Tianjin. The exported goods account for 63.7% of the total. Export Structure Structure of Export Merchandise In 2008, the export volume of electromechanical products was US$26,205 million, up 0.9%, accounting for 62.1% of the total foreign trade export 21 volume in Tianjin. As a result of the market demand and prices, the export volume of crude oil, coal and steel materials in Tianjin remained high at US$7,375 million in 2008, a growth of 101.5% over the previous year, contributing to the foreign trade and export in Tianjin by 91%, and stimulated the export growth of Tianjin by 9.7%. Structure of Export Market In 2008, with the exploration in emerging international markets in Africa, Latin America, Oceania and Russia, Tianjin further diversified the structure of its export markets. The export value to the above-mentioned markets was US$6,549 million, with a growth of 59.4%, 47.6%, 33.9% and 44.7% respectively. It has stimulated the growth of export in Tianjin by 5.6%. Meanwhile, Tianjin has also become less dependent on traditional markets such as EU, ASEAN, Hong Kong SAR, and US. The export value to such regions or countries was US$21,085 million, 2.7% lower than in the previous year. Its proportion in the total export in Tianjin dropped from 56.7% in the previous year to 49.9% in 2008. The export to US, the largest export market of Tianjin, was US$7,934 million yuan, a drop of 9.6%, accounting for 18.8% of the total export in Tianjin. The export to EU, the second largest export market, was US$6,342 million, up 3.1%, accounting for 15.0% of the total export in Tianjin. Introduction of Foreign Investment Intensified efforts were made to introduce investment to Tianjin. In 2008, Tianjin government approved of the establishment of 691 foreign-funded enterprises, with contracted foreign investment US$13,256 million, a rise of 15.1% over the previous year. The foreign direct investment that was actually used was US$7,420 million, up 40.6%. Investment in relatively large projects increased remarkably. 78 projects approved in 2008 have contracted foreign direct investment above US$50 million, and US$4,148 million added foreign investment was made in 667 enterprises. TEDA, TPFTZ and High-tech Industrial Zones are the major users of foreign investment. The amount of foreign direct investment actually used in these places is US$4,349 million, accounting for 58.6% of the total in Tianjin. By the end of 2008, of the top 500 corporations in the world, 130 have invested in Tianjin. Structure of Industries Using Foreign Investment The service industry quickened its paces in the introduction of foreign investment. In 2008, manufacturing industry had a contracted amount of foreign investment US$3,744 million, a drop of 11.8%, accounting for 28.2% of the total in Tianjin. The contracted foreign direct investment in the 22 service industry is US$9,315 million, up 39.4%, accounting for 70.3% of the total in Tianjin. In 2008, the manufacturing industry used foreign direct investment US$2,567 million, a drop of 2.01%, accounting for 34.6% of the total amount of foreign direct investment actually used in Tianjin. Service industry actually used foreign direct investment US$4,517 million, up 70.4%, accounting for 60.9% of the total in Tianjin. The service industry attracted and used far more foreign investment than manufacturing industry. Especially, the amounts of foreign direct investment used in the social service industry, real estate industry, transportation and storage industry have increased dramatically, by 3.4 times, 70.6% and 33.8% respectively. Exclusively Foreign-owned Enterprises In 2008, the exclusive foreign-funded enterprise above the designated scale achieved industrial output value 469.538 billion, a rise of 10.0% over the previous year, accounting for 38.7% of industrial output value. They achieved profit payments and tax turnover 34.271 billion, accounting for 54.2%. The foreign-funded enterprise achieved industrial output value 29.059 billion, accounting for 68.8% of total foreign trade export value. Exclusive foreign-owned enterprises are the major users of foreign direct investment. In 2008, these enterprises actually used foreign direct investment US$5.234 billion, up 62.7%, accounting for 70.5% of the total in Tianjin. Economic Cooperation with Foreign Partners In 2008, 619 contracts were signed on engineering projects and labor cooperation abroad, with contracted value US$1,841 million, 44.1% more than in the previous year, including US$1,716 million for contracted engineering projects abroad, up 44.1%. The actual business value is US$1,098 million, up 47.9%, including US$972 million for contracted engineering projects abroad, up 52.8%. By the end of the year, Tianjin has signed engineering contracts and labor cooperation contracts with 51 nations and regions, and the number of laborers from Tianjin working abroad is 10,700, including 8,000 workers engaged in labor cooperation. Proactive measures were taken to introduce advanced technology from abroad. In the year, 427 contracts were signed on technology introduction, with contract value US$1,884 million, a rise of 55.9%. Domestic Cooperation and Investment In 2008, in spite of great difficulties, Tianjin continued to introduce and attract investment from home. Throughout the year, 2,010 contracts were signed to attract domestic investment, with 92,013 million yuan 23 domestic capital actually used, a rise of 50.3%. 162 large projects above 100 million yuan were introduced to Tianjin, which actually used domestic capital 73,170 million yuan, up 57.9%. Of the top 500 enterprises in China, 38 were introduced to Tianjin. The capital which was used to introduce high-end industry projects of scientific R&D and finance design accounted for 8.3% of the total in Tianjin. In addition, efforts were also made to deepen the cooperation with other regions and provide services all over China. The 13th Mayors Forum in Bohai-rim Region was held, and a framework agreement was signed on the establishment of a discussion mechanism among senior leaders in the region. In the whole year, over 20 cooperation projects were established on cooperation in the Bohai-rim Region, involving contracted value nearly 20 billion yuan. International Friendship Cities So far, Tianjin has established friendship, exchange or cooperation relationship with 68 cities (provinces, states, regions) from 43 countries and signed contracts with them. 23 of the cities are sister cities of Tianjin and the other 45 cities have friendly or cooperation relations with Tianjin. Urban Infrastructure Investment Urban Key Project Construction Infrastructure Facilities Public Services Energy Production and Consumption Environment Conditions Urban Afforestation Urban Information Construction Urban Infrastructure Investment 24 Steps were quickened in the construction of urban infrastructure. In 2008, the investment in urban infrastructure in Tianjin is 104,026 million yuan, up 41.6% over the previous year. The investment in public facilities management is 45,905 million yuan, a rise of 1.4 times, accounting for 44.1% of the total infrastructure investment. The investment in the generation and supply of electric and heating power increased by 24.5% to 18,026 million yuan, accounting for 17.3% of the total. The investment in the water production and supply industry doubled to 1,824 million yuan. In 2008, the investment in urban infrastructure in Tianjin took up 32.6% of the total fixed asset investment. Urban Key Project Construction In 2008, of the 66 key projects in Tianjin, 65 were launched, and 109,655 million yuan was invested in the year. They include: 19 industrial projects, with investment 31,131 million yuan; 10 energy sources and traffic projects, with investment 17,005 million yuan; 19 infrastructure and environment protection projects, with investment 44,149 million yuan. Smooth progress has been made in the construction of key projects in Tianjin. By the end of December, 13 projects have started foundation construction, including Lanxing New Chemical Materials Base, New Generation Carrier Rocket Industrialization Base, Port-based Ship Building and Repairing Base, Jigang Railway Expansion Project, Binhai New Area Central Avenue, Tianjin Section of the Central Route Water Transfer Project from South to North, and Auxiliary Project in the city, etc. 25 projects, including the first phase of Bohai Industrial Park, Beijiang Power Plant, Tianjin Cigarette Factory Expansion Project, Subway Lines Two and Three, etc. have entered the stage of construction. Five projects, including Megaton Ethylene Project, Tianjin Printing Industrial Park, Panshan Jinbi International Tourist Holiday Center, etc. have stepped into the stage of equipment adjustment or fitment. 22 projects (or sub-projects) have been complemented and put in operation, including Tiantie Cold Plate, Airbus A320 Assembly Line, 3rd Phase of Chentang Thermal Power Plant, Line Two of Beijing-Tianjin-Tanggu Expressway, Intercity Passenger Railway Between Beijing and Tianjin, Binhu Theatre, etc. Infrastructure Facilities At the end of 2008, the total length of roads in Tianjin City is 6,012 km, covering 91,960,000 square meters (i.e. 14.39 square meters per citizen), including 1,759 square meters for sidewalks. There are 162,000 road lamps, 428 bridges, including 70 interchanges. The total length of drainage pipelines is 13,452 km. There are 19 sewage treatment plants, with a treatment capacity of 1,974,000 tons per day. 25 Public Services In 2008, the daily production capacity of tap water in the urban area of Tianjin is 3,654,200 tons. The total sales volume of tap water in the year is 604.61 million tons, including 194.94 million tons of water for living. The number of urban households using fuel gas is 2,383,500, accounting for 100% of the total number of urban households. Central heating is available to an area of 192.45 million square meters, and the central heating coverage percentage has reached 92.5%. All together, 7,886 public transport vehicles are in operation. The total number of public transport routes is 478, with a total length of 11,500 km, and the passenger transport volume is 1,121 million person-times. The total length of railway transportation is 72.3 km, with a transport volume of 47.78 million person times. Apart from these, 32,000 taxis are also in service. Energy Production and Consumption The year 2008 saw the production of primary energy of 30,347,600 tons standard coal in Tianjin, a rise of 3.7% over the previous year, with crude oil and natural gas taking up 93.86% and 6.14% respectively. The output of secondary energy is 40,270 million kWh electricity. The comprehensive energy consumption in the whole society is 53,635,900 tons standard coal, up 8.5%. The consumption at energy terminal is 51,620,700 tons standard coal, up 9.5% over the previous year. 69.9% of it is consumed in secondary industry, up 1.3 percentage points, and 11.7% goes to living consumption, a rise of 0.4 percentage point. The efficiency of energy consumption has been increased. In 2008, for an output of 10,000 yuan, 0.95 ton standard coal was consumed, down 6.9% from the previous year; for an added value of 10,000 yuan, only 1.19 tons standard coal was consumed, 9.2% lower than in the previous year. In the whole city, for an output of 10,000 yuan, 910.42 kWh electricity is consumed, down 10.5%; for an added value of 10,000 yuan, 1268.84 kWh electricity is consumed, down 13.5% from the previous year. Environment Conditions In 2008, the major environment quality indicators in Tianjin maintained at a good level. The air quality continued to improve, with the emission of sulfur dioxide and chemical oxygen demand dropped by 1.9% and 3.1% respectively from the previous year. The rate of excellent air quality reached 88.2%. The qualification ratio of central drinking water supply in the urban area reached 100% for seven years. The qualification ratio of urban surface water reached 64.3%. The road traffic noise and regional environment noise were at the levels of 67.8 db (A) and 54.6 db (A) respectively; the acoustic environment quality level was rated as 26 “good” and “fair”. The radiation environment was of the same level as the original background. In 2008, 26 “Quiet Residential Communities” were established, increasing the total number to 183. The number of state-level townships with beautiful environment reached 8. In 2008, a total of 16,673 million yuan was invested in environment protection in Tianjin, up 15.2%. At the end of the year, there were 20 environment monitor stations, 8 nature reserves, covering an area of 154,200 ha. Urban Afforestation Urban afforestation in Tianjin takes on distinctive features. In 2008, lawns covering 75 million square meters were built or rebuilt. Green passages were built along 6 expressways and Beijing-Tianjin Inter-city 2Express Railroad, with an area of 56.26 million m. The belt along the outer ring road with an area of 4.94 million square meters was rebuilt. In addition, the belts along urban roads covering 9.60 million square meters were also afforested. The afforestation on the banks of secondary river channels, with an area of 2.13 million square meters, was improved. Green lands were also built in nine parks (including Friendship Park) and 30 large-scale residential groups. Urban Information Construction In 2008, great efforts were made to integrate information construction with industrialization, and 100 information construction projects were launched to bring vigor to industries. The construction of the e-government network of Tianjin was completed, with optical cable routes 3,400 km, kernel exchange capacity 2.5G, available to 385 government departments above associate bureau level. The Emergency Instruction Center Information Platform was also completed. Information technology has found wide application, and smooth progress has been made in the information projects beneficial to the citizens. The construction of the Regional Medical Service System, which integrate data, voice and video networks, has been basically completed. 388 hospitals in Tianjin have access to medical insurance network. A multi-level, interactive network education training system has basically taken shape. Gold-card project has achieved remarkable effects. Social security cards can fulfill a variety of functions, and they are applicable all over China. City cards have also found wide application. Digital High-definition TV System has been officially opened. 27 Remuneration for Work Urban and Rural Residents’ Income Urban and Rural Residents’ Consumption Durable Consumer Goods Living Conditions Social Security Welfare and Salvation Price Level Remuneration for Work In 2008, the average payment for urban workers in Tianjin is 39,990 yuan, up 20.0% over the previous year. The payment in the primary industry is 28,373 yuan, up 23.1%; that in the secondary industry is 37,685 yuan, up 17.6%; in the tertiary industry, 42,163 yuan, up 21.8%. As for the payment in different business lines, of all the 19 industries, there are 11 industries which offer more than 40,000 yuan to the average employee, including three industries offering between 50,000 and 60,000 yuan, 2 industries offering between 60,000 and 70,000 yuan, and one industry offering more than 70,000 yuan. In terms of the nature of the work units, the average payment in state-owned units is 43,336 yuan, up 24.2% over the previous year; the payment in collectively-owned units is 25,112 yuan, up 16.6%; the payment in other units is 37,884 yuan, up 15.5%. The per capita remuneration of on-job employees in 2008 is 41,748 yuan, a rise of 19.5% over the previous year. Urban and Rural Residents’ Income The urban and rural residents’ income increased rapidly. According to the statistics of sampling investigations, the per capita disposable income of the urban residents in Tianjin is 19,423 yuan in 2008, a rise of 18.7% over the previous year. The income through salary is 10935.73 yuan, an increase of 18.1%; the transfer income is 6470.82 yuan, up 21.9%. 40% of households with middle income or above have per capita disposable income of more than 19,100 yuan. The per capita net income of rural 28 residents is 9,670 yuan, up 10.5% over the previous year, including salary income 5,209 yuan, up 10.8%. Urban and Rural Residents’ Consumption The residents’ consumption level kept increasing. In 2008, the per capita consumption expenditure of urban residents in Tianjin is 13,422 yuan, a rise of 11.6% over the previous year. The increase in the expenditure on automobile, food, clothing, and energy consumption is the most remarkable. The per capita expenditure on traffic has increased by 29.2% to 890 yuan; the expenditure on clothing increased by 12.7% to 1,154 yuan, the expenditure on food increased by 17.8% to 5,005 yuan, including dining-out expenditure 1,347 yuan, up 19.0%.The Engel’s coefficient of the urban residents is 37.3%, 2 percentage points higher than in the previous year. In 2008, the rural residents’ expenditure on living consumption is 4,593 yuan, up 11.5%, including 1,185 yuan for service consumption, up 7.1%. The rural residents’ Engel’s coefficient is 39.9%, 1 percentage point higher than in the previous year. Durable Consumer Goods The number of durable consumer goods in households has kept increasing. At the end of 2008, every 100 urban households in Tianjin possess 7.7 cars, 179.1 mobile phones, 72.4 computers, 85.3 microwave ovens, and 90.5 water heaters. Every 100 rural households have 146 mobile phones, 99 washing machines, 96 refrigerators, 47 water heaters, 30 microwave ovens and 19 computers. Living Conditions In 2008, Tianjin citizens’ living conditions and environment were further improved. The Housing Security Plan and four management regulations were released in this year. The ensuring housing whose 2construction was launched in the year doubled to 5.85 million m. 130,000 household with medium and low incomes were provided with securing housing, the highest record in history. Shabby houses with an area of 1 million 2m were demolished and the dwellers moved to new residences. The area of 2old buildings that were comprehensively repaired reached 5 million m, benefiting 113,000 households. In 2008, the per capita housing area in 22the urban area of Tianjin was 28.53 m, an increase of 1.44 m over the previous year; the per capital housing area in the rural area was 27.29 22m, up 0.69 m. Social Security 29 A social security system has been basically established in the urban and rural area in Tianjin. In 2008, the basic medical insurance system was established for urban residents. In the countryside, the old-age endowment system was also established; the old farmers can receive allowances for their living expenditures. A policy was adopted on the comprehensive rate of medical and employment injury insurance for peasant workers. 3,765,000 people in Tianjin (including 1,293,000 retired people) participated in basic old-age insurance, up 9.2%. The number of employees with unemployment insurance increased by 5.0% to 2,325,000. The basic medical insurance for urban workers covered 3,991,300 people, up 4.3%. The number of employees with employment injury insurance increased by 6.9% to 2,749,000. Maternity insurance covered 1,965,000 people, up 1.3%. In the countryside, 97.6% of the peasants joined the new rural cooperative medical insurance system, a rise of 8.4% over the previous year. In 2008, the minimum salary for the workers kept increasing, from 740 yuan in the previous year to 820 yuan. The minimum subsistence standard in the urban area increased from 330 to 400 yuan per month. Welfare and Salvation In 2008, a total of 31,200 people benefited from the preferential treatment from governments at various levels, receiving a sum of 613 million yuan. The number of people who obtained social relief was 221,900, including 156,300 people who obtained urban subsistence allowances. The social relief expenditure was 744 million yuan, including 578 million yuan for urban subsistence allowance. The social relief for those suffering from natural disasters was 7,400,000 yuan. There are 278 welfare institutions, of which 24 are run by the civil administration department and 254 by non-governmental institutions. These institutions have a total of 21,900 beds, and now accommodate 15,600 people. There are 109 community service centers in the urban area in Tianjin, with 1,802 service facilities. There are also 10 rescue stations, and 16,600 people benefited from them in the year. The total number of people benefiting from medical relief is 101,700, and the total expenditure on it is 40,780,000 yuan. Social welfare lotteries worth 626 million yuan were sold in the year, raising 203 million yuan welfare fund. Price Level In 2008, the rise of prices was effectively inhibited. The urban residents’ consumption price level rose 5.4% over the previous year, the growth rate keeping decreasing season by season. Of the eight categories of price indexes, five increased and three dropped. The food price increased by 12.1%, the growth rate being 0.5% more than in the previous 30 year, contributing to the rise of the general price level by 4%. Food price is still a major factor leading to the rise of general price level. The ex-factory price of industrial products rose by 4.1%, the growth rate being 2.6% higher than the previous year. The ex-factory price of production materials rose by 5.0%, its growth rate being 3.5% higher than in the previous year; the ex-factory price of means of living rose by 0.8%, its growth rate being 0.6% lower. In 2008, the purchase price of raw materials, fuel and motive power increased by 12.9%, the growth being 7.2% higher than in the previous year. The housing sales price rose by 5.8%, 1.2% higher than in the previous year. The prices of both new and second-hand commercial housings increased by 5.8% each, and the rent price of houses increased by 0.4%. Scientific and Technological Strength Scientific and Technological Achievements Patents and Inventions Scientific and Technological Innovation Quality Examination and Supervision Tianjin Binhai Hi-Tech Industrial Development Area Scientific and Technological Strength At the end of 2008, there are 418,900 technicians in public-owned enterprises or institutions, including 213,100 technicians of natural science and 205,800 technicians of social science. Among every 10,000 people, there are 366 scientific researchers or technicians. In Tianjin, there are 33 academicians, including 15 CAS academicians and 18 CAE academicians. In 2008, a total of 1,507 talents were introduced to Tianjin. 8 post-doctoral work stations were established, increasing the number of post-doctoral mobile stations and work stations to 167. In these stations, there are more than 550 post-doctoral researchers. 11 units in Tianjin 31 have won the title of “Business Incubation and Innovation Base for High-grade Overseas Talents”. The total number of technical workers above the senior level is 243,000, accounting for 25.5% of the whole staff of technical workers. Scientific and Technological Achievements In 2008, 14 scientific and technological achievements in Tianjin won national awards, including 3 second prizes for technical invention, the best record in history. In addition, there are also 11 national awards for scientific and technology progress, including 1 special award, 1 first prize and 9 second prizes. In 2008, 220 achievements won awards in Tianjin for scientific and technology. Of these, 15 achievements won awards for natural science, 10 won awards for technological inventions, and 195 won awards for scientific and technological progress. Patents and Inventions Tianjin’s independent innovation and application of the intellectual property rights system have improved in terms of capability and level. In 2008, 17,425 applications were made for patents, an increase of 1,681 over the previous year. Thus, the total number of applications for patents have exceeded 100,000. The number of patents authorized is 6,621, an increase of 1,037 over the previous year. Of all the applications, there are 6,164 applications for patents of invention, 5,816 for patents of practical new design, 5,463 for appearance design. Of the authorized patents, there are 1,463 patents for invention, 3,955 for practical new design, and 1,203 for appearance design. Of all the accepted applications, the service patent applications account for 63.5% while the non-service patent applications account for 36.5%. Of the authorized patents, the service and non-service patents account for 73.6% and 26.4% respectively. Scientific and Technological Innovation There is continuous improvement in the independent innovation ability of Tianjin. The year 2008 saw the completion of the ten industry platforms of the innovation system. In this year, Tianjin was qualified as a comprehensive national base of high-tech industry; a series of key projects in independent innovation industry were started; the first 100-teraflop supercomputer, Dawning 5000, got off the assembly line; the mass production of electric automobiles was started. At the end of 2008, there are 266 corporate technology development centers at or above the municipal level, including 19 at the national level. The total expenditure 32 on research and development was 2.3% of the total output value of Tianjin. In the year, 9,318 technology contracts were signed, a rise of 11.2%, involving transaction value 8,752 million yuan, up 20.5% over the previous year. Quality Examination and Supervision In 2008, 4,118 batches of products from 3,592 manufacturers received regular quality examination and supervision, and the qualification rate reached 90%; 1,252 batches of merchandise from 890 commercial enterprises were also examined and the qualification rate was 79.2%. 608,200 sets (pieces) of measurement instrument were checked, and over 40,000 sets or pieces of special equipment also received supervision or examination. 1,754 production licenses were issued to manufacturers of industrial products. 1,593 illegal cases were investigated and prosecuted; fake, shoddy and nonqualified products worth 12.97 million yuan were discovered; more than 120 sites producing or selling fake and shoddy products were smashed up. Special measures were taken to safeguard the quality of dairy products. 3,100 batches of products from the 20 dairy manufacturers in Tianjin were examined, and the problem dairy products 90.26 tons were destroyed. A total of 2,096 food production licenses have been issued or renewed. 5,462 food companies have been examined and supervised, 53 certificates were cancelled. Intensified measures were taken to improve the food production from the source. A regulation has been adopted on the documentation of manufacturing consignments. During the Beijing Olympic Games, effective measures were taken to ensure food safety. Food quality examiners stayed in the food factories that supply food to the Olympic Games, and each batch of food was examined carefully. Tianjin Binhai Hi-Tech Industrial Development Area Tianjin Binhai Hi-Tech Industrial Development Area is one of the first national hi-tech development areas established with approval from the 2State Council in 1991. With a total planned area of 85.74 km, it consists of 6 science and technology parks. It has developed into a town of new scientific and technological achievements, integrating hi-tech industries with scientific and technological development, achievement incubation, technology trade, scientific and technological services, talent exchanges and information distribution. Huayuan Science and Technology Park, the core of this park, has fostered a clan of industries with great innovative capabilities, such as new energy sources, high-end information production and software services, biomedicine and modern service industry. 33 In 2008, Tianjin Binhai Hi-Tech Industrial Development Area achieved a regional output value of 41.2 billion yuan, up 30.0% over the previous year, and a total income from technology, industry and trade 171.8 billion yuan, up 37.4%. The total amount of taxes paid here reached 9.7 billion yuan, up 30.8%. Huayuan Science and Technology Park achieved regional output value 14.88 billion yuan, up 35.5%. The fixed asset investment here increased by 63% to 8.01 billion yuan; the financial revenue was 4.2 billion yuan, up 26%. In Tianjin Binhai Hi-Tech Industrial Development Area, there are 8 corporate technology centers at the national level, 2 national key laboratories, 50 corporate technology centers at the municipal level, and 11 municipal engineering technology centers. In 2008, the investment of science and technology in the park accounts for 8.0% of GDP. The patent applications made by the enterprises account for over 60% of the total in Tianjin. At present, the construction of Tianjin Binhai Hi-Tech Industrial Development Area is still underway. Many famous enterprises from home and abroad have invested here. As one of the first national innovation science and technology parks, Tianjin Binhai Hi-Tech Industrial Development Area will develop into a highland of independent innovation and high-tech R&D in China; a leader in the development of science and technology; an important part of the third pole of economic growth in China; and a paradise for entrepreneurs of science and technology. Education Public Health Culture TV and Radio Broadcasting Journalism and Publishing Competitive Sports Welfare for the Disabled The Red Cross Society of Tianjin 34 Education Higher Education The overall education level of Tianjin is among the highest in China. In 2008, there were a total of 45 ordinary institutions of higher education and senior vocational schools, which enrolled 118,500 students in the year, 9,000 more than in the previous year. 101,700 students graduated from these schools. At the end of 2008, there were 386,400 students on the campus. The year 2008 also saw the admission of 12,700 graduate students, 900 more than in the previous year, and the graduation of 9,600 graduate students. At the end of the year, there were 33,800 graduates on the campus. In adult higher education, 27,500 students were enrolled, and 31,200 students graduated. At the end of the year, there were 85,400 students of adult higher education. In 2008, a total of 150 million yuan was provided as scholarships and stipend to 64,000 college students; 450 million yuan was provided as student loans to over 30,000 students. The employment rate of graduates from colleges and universities reached 91.0% General Education At the end of 2008, there were 586 ordinary high schools; 143,200 students were enrolled and 173,700 students graduated. The number of registered students in the schools was 498,500, including 195,000 senior high school students. There were 40 secondary vocational schools with 88,900 students, and 993 primary schools with 521,000 pupils. Schools of special education admitted 217 students, with a total of 2,375 students and 496 full-time teachers. Efforts were also made to promote balanced development of compulsory education. The average quota standard of public funds for pupils and high-school students further increased. Tianjin also took the lead in China to provide free textbooks to students of compulsory education schools. The coverage rate of support to secondary vocational school students in Tianjin reached 100%. Public Health At the end of 2008, there were in Tianjin 2,784 public health organizations, including 428 hospitals and clinics, 776 community healthcare service centers, 40 sanitation and anti-epidemic organizations, and 23 health centers for women and children. There were 46,100 beds in the public health organizations, including 41,200 beds in hospitals and clinics, and 3,200 beds in community healthcare service centers. In Tianjin, there were 65,100 technicians of public health and medical care, including 25,900 licensed doctors and licensed assistant doctors and 22,000 registered nurses. On average, each hospital can offer healthcare services to 27,500 35 people. Every 10,000 citizens had access to 33.4 hospital beds. Breakthroughs have been made in the reform of the public healthcare system. The coverage rate of the national immunity program reached 100%. 18 public health services listed in “Tianjin Women and Children’s Health Program” were available in the countryside. The second phase of the expansion of Haihe Hospital was completed, and steps were quickened in the construction of the second phase of Tianjin Medical University General Hospital and Tianjin City Hospital for Gynaecology and Obstetrics. The construction of Nankai Hospital was started. In 2008, 130,900 people donated blood, up 13.5% over the previous year. Culture Cultural Facilities Paces have been quickened in the construction of public cultural facilities in Tianjin. In 2008, the construction project of township cultural and sport activity centers was launched. Smooth progress was made in the construction of Li Shutong (Former Residence) Memorial, and Yangliuqing New Year Paintings Art Center, the refitment of Tianjin Library, and the repair of Confucius Temple. A large number of innovation industrial bases have taken shape, including “Courtyard No. 6” Innovation Industrial Park, C6 Animation Base in Hebei District, Yiku Innovation Industrial Park in Hongqiao District, and Ling’ao Innovation Industrial Park in Xiqing District. Throughout the year, the museums and memorials received a total of 2 million visitors for free. At the end of 2008, there were in Tianjin 18 cultural centers, 1 science and technology hall, 18 museums, 8 relics protection units, 32 public libraries, 55 archives centers and 203 grassroots cultural stations. Culture and Arts Great achievements have been made in the implementation of high-quality strategy. A series of excellent artistic productions have won national awards. Peking Opera “Loyal General” and “Zheng He Sailing West” won the first award on the 5th Peking Opera Festival. Peking Opera “Xie Yaohuan” and “Han Yuniang” won the second award for the adaptation of traditional dramatic arts. Pingju “Jiyin Chuanqi” won the first prize on the 6th Pingju Arts Festival in China and many other awards. The children’s drama “The Seventh Petal” won the award for the best play in the 7th National Excellent Children’s Drama Contest. In the 7th national acrobatics contest, “Three Monks” won the gold award, and “Harmony” won the bronze award. In the 6th National Peking Opera Young Actors’ TV contest, 5 contestants from Tianjin won gold awards and 2 won silver awards. 36 International Cultural Exchanges A wide variety of cultural exchange activities have been made. In 2008, 46 performing troupes of Tianjin went abroad and visited 22 countries in Asia, Europe and America, as well as Hong Kong SAR, Macao SAR and Chinese Taiwan. Tianjin Youth Peking Opera Troupe visited and performed in Costa Rica, Argentina, Brazil, Peru, and aroused great interest in Peking Opera there. For the first time, Tianjin Acrobatics Troupe visited to India and offered performance there, which was praised as the best performance and art from China. After the direct flight was opened to Taiwan, Tianjin Peking Opera Troupe went to Taiwan and performed 8 classical plays and their original play “Mazu”. In their “Global Tour”, Cathay Future Children’s Art Troupe visited five nations in Europe and Asia. The Folk Music Group of Tianjin Singing and Dancing Troupe visited Japan, Tianjin Nature Museum organized an exhibition of Chinese dinosaur fossils in the Netherlands, and the Memorial of Zhou Enlai and Deng Yingchao organized an exhibition of Premier Zhou Enlai’s contributions to China. All these activities have caused great sensations among the audience, and demonstrated the charm of the international metropolis of Tianjin. In 2008, a lot of world-famous artistic troupes and performers visited Tianjin and offered their performances, including Austrian Strauss Orchestra, National Orchestra of Greece, Russian Royal Ballet Troupe, Gustav Orchestra and West Wauwatosa Orchestra from the US, and DPRK Blood-sea Singing Troupe, French pianist Richard Clayderman. They have not only offered enjoyable first-class artistic performances to the audience, but also highlighted the multi-culture feature of Tianjin. TV and Radio Broadcasting In 2008, there are 22 radio channels in Tianjin and the total length of radio programs is 62,000 hours. The average daily broadcasting time is 385 hours and 35 minutes. The comprehensive coverage rate of radio broadcasting is 100%. In addition, there are 30 TV channels in Tianjin, and the total length of TV programs is 19,300 hours. On average, the broadcasting time per week is 3,062 hours and 52 minutes. The comprehensive coverage rate of TV programs is 99.83%. The number of cable TV subscribers in Tianjin is 2,220,000, with a coverage rate of 66.71%. The total length of the trunk lines of the cable TV network is 3,962 km. Journalism and Publishing At the end of 2008, there were 23 publishing units in Tianjin, including 13 book publishers, 10 producers of audio-visual and electronic publications. The total number of book-issuing terminals is 2,124. The 37 year 2008 saw the publication of 3,625 kinds of books, amounting to 39.21 million copies, including original editions 3,441 kinds, 27.98 million copies. In addition, there were also 43 kinds of newspapers, 945.36 million copies; 245 kinds of magazines, 36.03 million copies; and 159 kinds of audio-visual electronic publications, 1.79 million pieces (copies). Competitive Sports New breakthroughs were made in competitive sports in Tianjin in 2008. As a co-organizer of the 29th Beijing Olympic Games, Tianjin successfully organized torch relay and hosted a series of soccer games. On the 29th Olympic Games, Tianjin athletes won 4 gold medals, 2 silver medals and 4 bronze medals. On the 13th Beijing Special Olympics, the disabled athletes of Tianjin won 7 gold medals, 6 silver medals, 3 bronze medals, and broke 5 world records. The total number of medals and the number of gold medals are both more than in the previous special Olympics. Tianjin Women’s Volleyball won championship on the 2008 National Women’s Volleyball League Tournament and the National Women Volleyball’s Grand Prix, and Asian Women’s Club Championship. Sport activities were also popular with the common citizens. In 2008, the International College Students’ Dragon Boat Race, Olympic Theme Sport Activities, New Year Sport Activities, and Long-Distance Race for Workers were held. At the end of 2008, there were 464 full-time coaches, 18 coaches at the national level; 467 graded umpires, and 726 graded athletes. Welfare for the Disabled In 2008, Tianjin accomplished the annual tasks of providing welfares to the disabled, which were prescribed in the 11th five-year plan. Effective measures were taken to improve their living conditions. As a result, the program for the disabled maintains a momentum of rapid and stable development. In the year, 120,000 disabled people obtained rehabilitation services, and 50,000 of them were rehabilitated to different degrees. 4,323 disabled students or children of disabled parents received stipends for study; the school-age disabled children’s admission rate to schools reached 98%. 4,693 disabled people participated in vocational trainings. In the year, 3,806 disabled people obtained jobs, and at the end of the year, the number of disabled people in the countryside reached 60,400. 603 cases were handled in the legal assistance (service) centers for the disabled. 17,000 disabled households were equipped with barrier-free facilities. Assistance was also provided to 414 poor disabled families in the countryside to build their houses. In 2008, 36,000 disabled people received subsistence allowances. The number of disabled people who obtained classified social security is over 120 thousand. In 2008, 10 38 disabled athletes in Tianjin participated in the Beijing Olympic Games, and get the best achievement in history. The Red Cross Society of Tianjin） In 2008, to help people against the earthquake and other disasters, the Red Cross Society of Tianjin raised goods and money worth a total of 314 million yuan, including 259 million yuan donation. For the rain and snow disaster in the south, a total of 5,949,000 was raised; in the program of “Red Cross offering help to 10,000 households”, 8,372,000 yuan was raised, offering assistance to 23,400 households. In the program of “charity for the disabled, lonesome, aged, ill people and students”, 12,100 people received assistance, and 4 primary schools were established. For salvation fund, 3,946,500 yuan was raised. In the year, 742,800 people participated in rescue and care trainings, and 1,280 people participated in trainings for teachers of rescue and care; first aid trainings were offered to 900 volunteers for the Olympic Games. In the year, 5,165 people donated their hematopoietic stem cells; 204 of them have match-types with the ill people in need; and 8 people received transplantation operations. 105 registered to donate their bodies after they die. 320 million yuan was invested in salvation in the whole society. Salvation goods and fund worth 18.31 million yuan were invested. 35,000 people benefited from it. Now, in the Red Cross Society of Tianjin, there are 538,000 members and 113,000 volunteer workers. Strategic Status Function Orientation Space and Industry Layout Economic Development Domestic and Overseas Cooperation Investment Construction Tianjin Economic and Technological Development Area Tianjin Port Free Trade Zone 39 Strategic Status Binhai New Area is located at the center of Bohai-rim Region. It is a multi-functional new on the east coast of Tianjin, with a planned area 22,270 km and a coastline 153.3 km long. Binhai New Area plays an important role in the strategic development plan. With its obvious advantages, the area enjoys great potential for further development. 1. Advantageous geographic location. Situated at the junction between Bohai-rim Economic Belt and Jing-Jin-Ji Metropolitan Group, backing onto the North, Northwest and Northeast of China, Binhai New Area serves as a key pivot linking the north and south, west and east of China, and China and foreign countries. It is also the nearest east starting point of Asia-Europe Continental Bridge and a major link to the sea for the inland countries. 2. Full range of service functions. The new area can provide a wide variety of functions: large port, national development area, free trade zone, hi-tech industrial park, export processing area, and free trade distribution area. 3. Obvious industrial, scientific and technological advantages. In the new area, a hi-tech and technology-intensive industry group has taken shape, the major industries including electronic information, petroleum and marine chemical industry, automobile and equipment manufacturing, petroleum steel pipe and high-quality steel materials, biotechnology and modern medicine, new-type energy sources, materials and environment protection. 4. Prominent advantages in land and 2resources. In the new area, there is 1,214 km waste land of saline-alkali soil available for development, and an abundant supply of oil, gas and geothermal resources. 5. Excellent ecological environment. The wet-land and water body in Binhai New Area cover 29% of the total area. Function Orientation With reliance on Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei Province, Binhai New Area is to offer services to the Bohai-rim region and the northwest, northeast and north of China, and take Northeast Asia as its further development region. Binhai New Area is to be constructed into a window for opening to the outside world, a base of modern processing, manufacturing and R&D achievement industrialization, and an international shipping center and logistics center. In the long run, the area will become an ecological town with economic prosperity, harmonious society and wonderful environment. Space and Industry Layout The space and industry layout of Binhai New Area can be summarized into: one axis, one belt, three ecological urban areas, and eight functional areas. 40 One axis A hi-tech industry development axis will be constructed along Beijing-Tianjin-Tanggu Express Way and the lower reaches of Haihe River. One belt A marine economy development belt will be constructed along the coastline and Coastal Avenue. Three ecological urban areas In the T-structure formed by the axis and the belt, a seaside town ideal for living will be constructed with Tanggu as its center, Dagang and Han’gu as its wings. Eight functional areas Advanced Manufacturing Industry Area, Binhai Hi-Tech Industrial Development Park, Binhai Chemical Industry Park, Binhai Central Business Area, Seaport Logistics Area, Airport-side Industry Area, Seaside Leisure Tour Area, and Port-side Industry Area. Economic Development In 2008, in the face of the dramatic change of economic situations at home and abroad, Binhai New Area adhered to the outlook of scientific development, careful organization and solid work, the economic development in this area achieved the best record in history. In the year, the output value here reached 310.224 billion yuan, a rise of 23.1% over the previous year in terms of comparable prices. The added value in the secondary industry was 224.624 billion yuan, up 23.9%; the added value in the tertiary industry was 84.846 billion yuan, up 21.4%. The ratio of the three industries was 0.2:72.4:27.4. The total industrial output value reached 761.681 billion yuan, up 29.4%. The fixed asset investment increased by 43.2% to 165.052 billion yuan; actual use of FDI reached 5.077 billion yuan, up 29.4%; 19.154 billion yuan was introduced from home, a rise of 44.9%; the value of import and export of trade grew by 10.8% to US$54.142 billion, including import US$27.995 billion, up 15.3%, and export US$26.147 billion, up 6.3%. The fiscal revenue was 59.685 billion yuan, up 24.1%; the total retail volume of consumer goods increased by 29.3% to 33.075 billion yuan. In 2008, the State Council approved of the reform plan of Binhai New Area. According to the plan, the three-year implementation plan was launched, indicating that the comprehensive pilot reform in Binhai New Area has stepped into a new phase of all-round implementation and progress. Domestic and Overseas Cooperation The domestic and overseas cooperation kept developing steadily. In 2008, in spite of the complicated economic circumstances at home and abroad, Binhai New Area took proactive measures to introduce investment from home 41 and abroad. Thanks to its efforts, the foreign investment increased steadily, with a contracted value of foreign direct investment US$9.186 billion, an increase of 19.8% over the previous year. The amount of foreign direct investment actually used increased by 29.4% to US$5.077 billion, accounting for 68.4% of the total in Tianjin. Of the sum, TEDA accomplished US$2.512 billion, up 30.1%; TPFTZ accomplished US$1.518 billion, up 31.5%; Tanggu District accomplished US$172 million, up 45.1%; Dagang District accomplished US$174 million, up 42.3%. In 2008, a total of 539 contracts were signed in Binhai New Area on domestic cooperation. The actual investments is 19.154 billion yuan, up 44.9%. Investment Construction Fixed asset investment increased remarkably. In 2008, the total fixed asset investment in Binhai New Area reached 165.052 billion yuan, an increase of 43.2% over the previous year. Smooth progress was made in the construction of key construction projects. Of the 426 key projects with investment above 50 million yuan, 103 have been completed, including 50 industrial projects, with investment 31.9 billion yuan. These projects include Samsung Mobile Phone Capacity Expansion and Battery Mobile Phone Project, Airbus A320 Assembly Line, 1.5 Million Ton Cold Rolled Sheet, and Rockcheck Steel Co. 1.5 Million Ton Metal Products No. 1 Production line, Dagang Petrochemistry Megaton Hydrocracking Devices Project, etc. There are 20 service projects, with investment 1.8 billion yuan. 202 projects were launched, including new-model carrier rocket industry base, Samsung SDI, FAW Toyota RAV4, etc. Smooth progress was made in the infrastructure construction. The infrastructure investment in 2008 is 46.180 billion yuan, a rise of 72.2% over the previous year. Of the 66 construction projects, 55 have been started. The 300,000 ton crude oil wharf and Beijing-Tianjin Inter-city Express Railway in Binhai New Area have been put in operation. Beijing-Tianjin-Tanggu Expressway Line 2 have been completed. The planned investments for the year have been accomplished for a series of projects, including Wanjia Wharf-Jinban Bridge Line 2 Railway, West section of Jinbin Light Railway, Tianjin East Section of the No. 112 National Highway. The construction of Section B of Beigangchi Container Wharf and the North Breakwaters Extension Project are still underway. The development of industrial functional areas also progressed in an all-round way. Paces were quickened in the construction of the west part of the development area, Airport Logistics Processing Area, Lingang Industrial Area and Binhai Tourist Zone. The construction of Binhai Hi-tech Zone was 42 launched in an all-round way. At Dongjiang Port, a land covering an area 22of 25 km has emerged. In Lingang Industrial Area, land covering 40 km has been claimed from the sea. Four industrial zones, including Equipment Manufacturing and Port Logistics, have taken preliminary shape. In Xiangluowan Business Area, the construction of 30 business buildings has been started. Now, Sino-Singapore Tianjin Ecology Town is also under construction. Tianjin Economic and Technological Development Area Established in Dec. 1984, Tianjin Economic and Technological Development Area (TEDA) is the first open area in Tianjin. Through two decades’ construction, the industries in TEDA have become highly concentrated and their competitive edges have been sharpened. The advantageous status of pillar industries has been further strengthened. It plays an important role in the development of Tianjin, especially in that of Binhai New Area. In the comprehensive assessment of the investment environment of the national development areas, TEDA has enjoyed the first place for 11 years in a row. In 2008, TEDA made great efforts to overcome the negative influences of the global financial crisis, and its major economic indexes increased remarkably. The local output value in 2008 is 106.633 billion yuan, up 23.1% over the previous year. It is the first time that the local output value has exceeded 100 billion yuan. The incremental value in the secondary industry is 86.087 billion yuan, up 23.3%; that in the tertiary industry is 20.547 billion yuan, up 21.7%. The ratio between the secondary and tertiary industries is 80.7?19.3. The fiscal revenue achieved in the year is 24.923 billion yuan, a rise of 14.9%. The tax revenue is 23.766 billion yuan, up 19.9%. The kernel competitiveness of major industries kept increasing. The total industrial output value in this area is 373.000 billion yuan, an increase of 11.3% over the previous year. The total output value of eight industries (electronic telecommunication, automobile, equipment manufacturing, biomedicine, chemistry, food and beverage, spaceflight, new energy and new materials) reached 347.743 billion yuan, accounting for 93.2% of the total industrial output value in the area. The contracted value of foreign direct investment to be used is US$5.070 billion, up 30.0%; the foreign direct investment actually used is US$2.512 billion, up 30.1%. The total import and export value is US$33.355 billion, a drop of 0.4% from the previous year, including export value US$17.142 billion, down 7.3%, and import value US$16.209 billion, up 8.1%. The total fixed asset investment is 25.622 billion yuan, including infrastructure investment 4.693 billion yuan. The retail value of consumer goods is 9.425 billion yuan, up 30.9%. The domestic capital economy grew rapidly: for 43 the first time, the domestic enterprises’ major business revenue exceeded 100 billion yuan. Tianjin Port Free Trade Zone） Established in May, 1991 with approval from the State Council, Tianjin Port Free Trade Zone (TPFTZ) is the largest free trade zone in the north of China. It has four functions: international trade, modern logistics, export processing and commodity exhibition and sales. It enjoys preferential policies in terms of customs, taxation and foreign exchange. Through years’ innovation and development, TPFTZ has constructed three regions with special supervision from the Customs (Free Trade Zone, Free Trade Logistics Zone, and Comprehensive Free Trade Zone) and two emerging port-based functional areas (Airport Logistics Processing Area and Airport International Logistics Area). With advantages in resources, policy and functions, TPFTZ has taken on a new pattern of joint development of seaport and airport. In 2008, the regional economy kept developing rapidly and soundly. The total output in the year is 38.588 billion yuan, up 30.1%. The incremental value in the secondary industry is 8.451 billion yuan, up 31.6%; the incremental value in the tertiary industry is 30.137 billion yuan, up 29.7%. The regional economy (consisting mainly of logistics, trade, processing, information service) developed in a balanced way, with a contribution rate of 89.7%. The financial revenue is 8.335 billion yuan, up 82.2%; the total value of goods entering and leaving TPFTZ is US$41.702 billion, up 26.1%. In trade industry, the sales value reached 97.6 billion yuan, up 37.7%; the import and export value reached US$12.609 billion, up 25.6%, including import US$8.734 billion, up 26.3% and export US$3.875 billion, up 24.1%. The total industrial output value is 46.712 billion yuan, up 39.4%; the contracted foreign investment is US$3.601 billion, up 15.3%; the foreign direct investment actually used is US$1.518 billion, up 31.5%. In the year, 1,200 domestically-funded enterprises were approved, with registered capital 17.05 billion yuan, up 43.3%. The fixed asset investment reached 15.054 billion yuan, up 42.3%. Objectives Objectives for the Eleventh Five-year Plan Objectives for 2009 44 Overall Plan of Tianjin Objectives The objectives for Tianjin in the next period are as follows: to fulfill the eleventh five-year plan in an all-round way by 2010, to accomplish the three-step strategic goal, to realize one year ahead of schedule the goal of increasing per capita GDP to more than US$8,000. In 2012, Tianjin will play an even greater role as an international port city. Its status as an economic center in the north will be established, and significant progress will be made in the construction of an ecological city. The total output value in the city will exceed 1,000 billion yuan, and the per capita output value will be over US$10,000. The financial revenue will exceed 300 billion yuan. The task of energy conservation and emission reduction designated by the state will be accomplished. The average growth rate of urban and rural residents’ income will be more than 10%, and the residents will be among the richest in China. The society will be safer, more stable and more harmonious. By 2020, the orientation of the city will be accomplished in an all-round way. On the basis of structure optimization, increased efficiency, reduced consumption, and environment protection, the per capita output value will more than triple over 2000. A more comfortable society will be constructed, which will pave the way for the realization of the modernization drive. Objectives for the Eleventh Five-year Plan The total output value in Tianjin will increase by 12%, and the per capita output value will exceed US$7,000. The average annual growth of fiscal revenue will exceed 16%. The annual growth of fixed asset investment will reach 15%. The energy consumption for 10,000 yuan output will drop by 15% from that at the end of the Tenth Five-year Plan period (2001–2005). The investment in research and development will account for more than 2.5% of the total output value. The average annual birth rate will be controlled around 10?. All together, 1.4 million people will have been provided with new job posts, including 1.15 million in the urban area. The registered unemployment rate in the urban area will be within 4%. The general price level will remain basically stable. The per capita disposable income in the urban area and net income in the rural area will grow by more than 10% per year. Objectives for 2009 45 The total output value in Tianjin will increase by about 12%, and the fiscal revenue will increase by 12%. The fixed asset investment in the whole society will grow by 25%, and the retail value of consumer goods will grow by 16%. The foreign direct investment that was actually used will grow by 15%, and the amount of domestic capital actually used will increase by more than 20%. The foreign trade export will increase by 10%, and the registered unemployment rate in the urban area will be controlled with 4%. The urban residents’ per capita disposable income will grow by 10%, and the rural citizens’ per capita net income will increase by 10%. The increase in the urban residents’ consumption price level will be around 4%. The energy consumption will drop by 4% for an output value of 10,000 yuan. The emissions of sulphur dioxide and chemical oxygen demand (COD) will drop by 1% respectively. Overall Plan of Tianjin In July 2006, the State Council gave an official reply to the “Overall Development Plan of Tianjin (2005–2020)”, readjusted and enhanced the positioning of Tianjin, and pointed out the strategic focus and development direction of Tianjin. The plan also defined the nature and development objectives of Tianjin and the development layout of “one axis, two belts and three areas.” Nature of Tianjin As an economic center of Bohai-rim Region, Tianjin will strive to become an international port city, an economic center in the north of China, and an ecological city. Development Objectives of Tianjin Tianjin shall be constructed into an economic center in the north of China, with advanced technology, well-developed manufacturing industry, first-rate services, sharp competitive edge, high degree of opening to the outside world, and excellent environment for business prosperity. It shall become an international port city that agrees with the globalization trend, with convenient connections abroad, highly efficient information network and strong radiation abilities. The city shall also become an ecological city suitable for living, with high efficiency in using resources, perfect safety system and excellent ecological environment. In addition, Tianjin shall be built into a famous city with profound historic and cultural heritage, distinctive features of modern history, harmonious society and highly developed education, culture, science and technology. 46 Space Layout “One Axis” refers to the primary development axis of Tianjin, consisting of “Wuqing New Town-Tianjin City Proper-Central Part of Binhai New Area”; “Two Belts” refer to the east coastal development belt, consisting of “Ninghe-Han’gu New Town-Central Part of Binhai New Area-Dagang New Town”, and the west urban development belt, consisting of “Jixian New Town-Baodi New Town-Tianjin City Proper-Jinghai New Town”. “Three Areas” refer to Jixian County Mountain Ecological Environment Construction and Protection Area in the north, “Qilihai-Dahuangpuwa” Wetland Ecological Environment Construction and Protection Area in the middle, and “Tuanbowa Reservoir-Beidagang Reservoir” Wetland Ecological Construction and Protection Area in the south. Understanding Modern China Through Tianjin Charming Haihe River Sightseeing in Tianjin New Outlook of Binhai Places of Interest in the Mountains Tourist Festivals and Fairs Tianjin boasts a wide variety of tourist resources and sceneries. As a city with outstanding historic and cultural significance and one of the first tour cities in China, Tianjin has not only natural tourist resources like mountains, rivers, lakes, sea, springs, and wetland, but also humanistic resources which reflect modern history and civilization. With the progress of scenery construction, the tourist activities in the city fall into three major categories: sightseeing in the city, leisure holiday tour, and business and conference tour. A tourist scenery pattern has taken shape in the urban area, with Haihe River as its axis, the city proper as its main part, and Jixian County and Binhai as its wings. Apart from the special high-speed railway tour to Tianjin, eight tourist routes have been opened, including Tour along Haihe River, Tour in Binhai New 47 Area, Leisure Tour in Famous Streets, Tour in the Mountains and Historic Sites, etc. So far, Tianjin has established her fame as a city of cultural tourism, especially with the “Understanding Modern China Through Tianjin” route. Now, Tianjin enjoys the fame of “A Glamorous Pearl by Bohai Bay”. Understanding Modern China Through Tianjin In modern history, Tianjin is one of the first Chinese cities to get in touch with western civilization. Since it was opened as a trade port in 1860, a lot of foreign-style buildings have been built and preserved in Tianjin. That is how the blocks of historic buildings in “Wudadao” and Italian-style Zones came into being. Tianjin was once the political center of China. Some presidents and premiers in the Republic of China moved to Tianjin, and some revolutionaries also stayed in this city. The former residences of celebrities have witnessed history, and they seem to be telling stories about these people to the visitors. Such tourist resources, which record the modern history and culture of China, offer an ideal way for the tourists to develop a better understanding of the modern history of China. Charming Haihe River Located in a place with several rivers, Tianjin enjoys the title of a “Water City in the North”. The 72-km-long Haihe River, which winds its way through the city and flows into Bohai Bay, is the mother river and symbol of Tianjin. Along the river, there is a distinctive scenery tour route. Tourists may take boats to admire the picturesque scenery along the river: buildings of various styles on the bank, bridges in different shapes over the river, illumination with colorful lights, and exquisite sculptures and gardens. On the banks of Haihe River are the Ancient Culture Street and Gulou Walking Street, with a complex of ancient buildings of Chinese style. In the former concessions, there are also many foreign-style buildings, integrating ancient European style with modern building style. These buildings perfectly reflect the difference and merging of Chinese and western cultures. Therefore, the Haihe Tour serves as one of the best windows to understand the styles of buildings in Tianjin. In the recent years, striving to build a world-famous river, Tianjin has done much work to construct Haihe River into a internationally first-rated belt of service, economy, culture and scenery with distinct features. With the latest design ideas, Haihe River has been developed comprehensively in five aspects: bridge construction, greening improvement, night scenery lights, commerce and tour facilities, and wharf and boats. In addition, 48 boat tour routes have been designed which integrate tourism with shopping, entertainment, food, hotel and transport. Tourists from home and abroad may well enjoy the charms of Haihe River. Sightseeing in Tianjin Tianjin used to be a prosperous industrial and commercial city in modern history. These years, with the large-scale comprehensive construction, Tianjin has taken on a new look, and its status has also improved. The famous streets of Tianjin, including the 100-year Heping Road Golden Street and Nanshi Food Street, give off a keen taste of both Chinese and western styles; Tianjin Radio & TV Broadcasting Tower, Water Park, Tianjin Amusement Park and Tianjin Zoo create an excellent atmosphere for relaxation in the city. Cultural sites, such as Tianjin Museum and the Memorial of Zhou Enlai and Deng Yingchao, have witnessed the history and changes of Tianjin and demonstrate the profound cultural elements of the city. New Outlook of Binhai Located on the east coast of Tianjin, Binhai has plentiful tourist resources and the tourist products here have remarkable features of their own. To make the most of their distinctive tourist resources, such as the ocean, harbor, bay, the Fort, Fishers’ wharf, Haimen Ancient Temple, Haihe Bund Park, Foreign Goods Market and Kiev Aircraft Carrier, the tourist department of Binhai has designed a series of tourist products, such as the “harbor-bay-sea sight tour”, “seawater-seafood-foreign goods tour”, “aircraft carrier-fort-temple tour” and “fishing tour”. Places of Interest in the Mountains Tianjin enjoys a rich supply of natural sceneries. The mountainous area in Jixian County in the north of Tianjin is known as the “back garden” of Beijing and Tianjin, as well as an ideal place for sightseeing and holiday tours. There are famous mountains, green forests, limpid water, impregnable passes, and ancient temples. Panshan Mountain, the 5A-class tourist site in China, was thus praised by Emperor Qianlong of Qing Dynasty: “If I had known of Panshan Mountain, I wouldn’t have gone across the Yangtze River to seek beauty.” In addition, Middle-Upper Proterozoic Erathem, Huangyaguan Ancient Great Wall and Dule Temple are also located here. In Xiqing District, there is the largest indoor tropical botanical sightseeing garden in Asia. In Baodi District, there is Dijing Hot Spring Holiday Village, and in Jinnan District, there are Baocheng Museum Garden and China Stone Park. They are excellent places for people to return to 49 nature and have a relaxed holiday. The tourists may also go the mountains and lead a farmer’s life. Such experiences of country life offer great fun to the urban tourists. Tourist Festivals and Fairs Every year, a series of large-scale tourist activities are held in Tianjin, including Yangliuqing Folk Customs Cultural Tour Festival around the spring festival, Peach Blossom Tour Festival along the Canal in March, Tianjin Mazu Culture Tour Festival on the 23rd day of the third month in Chinese lunar calendar, Italian-style Tour Festival in May, Huangyaguan Great Wall International Marathon Tour Activities in May, Wudadao European-style Tour Festival in June, Binhai Han’gu Grape Culture Tour Festival between August and October, Yuyang Gold Autumn Tour Festival and Crab Fishing Festival in September, International Folk Customs Tour Festival, Haihe River Tour Festival and International Students’ Dragon Boat Race in October. From 2009, China (Tianjin) Tourist Industry Festival will be held each year, so as to promote the integration and development of the industries related to tourism. It will provide opportunities for win-win cooperation and become a significant event for the development of tourist economy. 图书在版编目(CIP)数据 天津概览. 2009: 汉英对照 / 天津市人民政府新闻办公室编 . -北京: 五洲传播出版社，2009.8 ISBN 978-7-5085-1607-3 ?. 天„ ?. 天„ ?. 天津市-概况-2009-汉、英 ?. K922.1 中国版本图书馆CIP数据核字(2009)第142735号 Tianjin Basic Facts 2009 (English Edition) Published and Distributed by China Intercontinental Press ( 6 Beixiaomachang, Lianhuachidong Rd., Haidian Dist., Beijing, P.R. China) 50 Printed by Shenzhen Jingyi Printing Co., Ltd. First Edition, First Print in August 2009 ISBN 978-7-5085-1607-3 Price: 50.00 RMB (Chin. & Eng. Edition) 51