白电油(正己烷)的危害、案例、预防及MSDS

白电油(正己烷)的危害、案例、预防及MSDS 鞋厂女工离奇瘫痪 揭开刷胶女工患病之谜 2002-07-04 09:48:57 南方网讯 “寻找多日的外来女工终于找到了～这5名怀疑是职业病中毒的女工近日将返回广州接受检查和救治。”昨日(7.3)，广东省妇联的同志终于舒了口气。 检查组:揭开刷胶女工患病之谜 上月中旬，有关部门收到一封来自四川的求救信。信上写道:他在东莞安加鞋厂从事刷胶的妻子可能得了职业病，现已经肿到膝盖，很快就会瘫痪。信中透露，还有一些打工妹在手脚麻木肿痛，无法上班的情况下，已经自动离厂回家，有的已瘫痪。 26日，根据线索，省妇联与省职防院的医生奔赴东莞了解事情真 相。当天中午，在一家离工厂较远的酒店，见到了打工妹王崇凤(即 写信人的妻子)和蒋冬梅，两人佝偻着身子，步履蹒跚。省职防院的 医生检查认为，王崇凤小腿中部以下已没有知觉，手指麻木，两人目 前症状与正己烷中毒症状相似。 27日，省卫生厅、省劳动和社会保障厅了解情况后，与省妇 联、省职防院等部门的工作人员组成检查组，来到安加鞋厂。据了 解，安加鞋厂1992年成立，是一家专业生产运动鞋的厂家，在东莞 有两个分厂，目前有职工2000多人，七成以上是女工。该厂生产的 裁断、针车、成型三道工序中，后两道都要接触胶水。在二厂泡棉组 共有8名刷胶女工，其中6人已出现四肢麻木、肌力下降等症状。 厂方:不知有职业病防治法 检查组对一厂的三个工作车间进行了检查。在一楼和三楼的刷胶连自己的手都不能握住，这些流水线，盛胶水的碗上均贴着注意事项:胶水是由甲苯、丁酮和白电外来工将来靠什么谋生, 油(正己烷)构成的有机溶剂，误吞食时对身体有害，须有良好的通 风设备。 根据《职业病防治法》 规定 关于下班后关闭电源的规定党章中关于入党时间的规定公务员考核规定下载规定办法文件下载宁波关于闷顶的规定 ，产生严重职业病危害的岗位，应当在其醒目位置设置警示标识和中文警示说明。警示说明应当载明产生职业病危害的种类、后果、预防以及应急救治措施等内容，而该厂使用的胶水罐上并没有按规定标明胶水成分及成分危害性和急救处理方法。同时，检查发现，一厂二楼车间没有通风渠和抽风机，加温隔层处也没有排气管道，有毒、无毒作业场所混在同一车间内。厂方配备的口罩和手套，经检查是活性碳口罩，2-8小时内就会饱和，而员工所戴的胶手套和棉手套都不符合要求。 厂方负责人周经理说，并不知道今年5月出台的《职业病防治法》，也不知道胶水里含有毒物质以及16-18岁的未成年人不能从事有毒有害作业。 昨天，安加鞋厂负责人也表示，为了对公司员工身心健康负责，对社会有一个交待，公司准备对凡是在该厂从事过刷胶工作的员工进行一次身体检查，而且公司决定对现在刷胶的员工进行定期的健康检查。公司已邀请省职防院派医生去鞋厂为员工检查身体。 relevant Department. (2) personal injury accident occurred, the direct punishment 0.5-10,000 yuan, responsible for the direct responsibility for the accident and the responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions should be dealt with by the personnel Department of the company. (3) personal injury accident occurs, the direct punishment 500-1000, who is directly responsible for the accident responsibility, give notice of criticism and 50-100 economic sanctions against them. (4) to conceal the accident, reported without undue delay or false, to inform the administrative leadership of the criticism, resulting in serious consequences, the pursuit of leadership, along with 500-1000 punishment. (5) significant near miss should be attempted as the case of responsible for the accident and construction team injuries accident penalty provisions, mutatis mutandis. Eight, should perform in the construction standards and specifications, serial number a 1 GB3323-2005 steel fusion welded butt joints, welding engineering-Ray lighting and quality rating of 2 GB11345-89 steel welds manual methods of ultrasonic inspection and testing results for grade 3 GB50236-2002 industrial pipe welding engineering code for construction and acceptance of field equipment 4 HGJ222-92 technical specification for welding of aluminium and its alloys 5 low temperature steel welding procedure 6 SH3525-2004 petrochemical JB/ T4708-2000 of welding procedure qualification for steel pressure vessels 7 JB/4709-2000 8 JB4730-2005 pressure vessel welding procedures of steel pressure vessel NDT 9 JB/T4744-2000 steel pressure vessel products mechanical properties test of welded plate II, mechanical equipment installation engineering 1 中毒女工:不知胶水有毒 6月29日下午，8名从事过刷胶工作的打工妹被送到省职防院检查，其中5位怀疑正己烷中毒留院。昨天下午，在省职防院的病房，笔者见到了这5名女工，她们最小的才16岁，在鞋厂有的干了一年半，有的干了半年，便分别出现了手脚麻木、行动困难的症状。 36岁的王崇凤说，她去年1月进安加鞋厂，两个月后调到二针泡棉组，负责刷胶。她对刷胶很不适应，闻到胶水刺鼻的气味就头晕、心慌。今年元月，她发觉手指出现麻木的感觉，到3月份，发现脚趾也没感觉了，冲凉都要人扶着，有时蹲下后，要扶着东西才能站起来。后来，连上班戴胸牌也要同事帮忙。 18岁的蒋冬梅和20岁的田朵娜称，在干了半年多的泡棉活后，也出现了类似的症状。她们说，当洗衣服把手浸到凉水里时，手指就像触电一样麻。到后来手越发不听使唤了，上下楼梯也必须扶着栏杆，否则就会摔倒。 得了如此“怪病”，但5名女工却一直以为是自身的原因，或是得了风湿病，到当地医院看也没看出所以然，自己买药吃也不见好转，眼看着病情一天比一天严重。直到王崇凤的丈夫在电视上看到有关职业病的报道，才发现妻子和其工友的病可能与刷胶工作有关。她们说，进厂时从来就没有进行过职业卫生方面的 培训 焊锡培训资料ppt免费下载焊接培训教程 ppt 下载特设培训下载班长管理培训下载培训时间表下载 ，更没有听说胶水有毒。 省职业病防治院负责人说，按《职业病防治法》规定，他们拟组织专家组讨论，进一步确诊女工们是否是职业病中毒。 省妇联:尽快找到回乡女工 女工们还提供，与她们在同一生产线上还有另外5名女工，几个月前也是因为同样的症状因病辞职回乡。获知这一信息，省妇联与贵州妇联和湖北妇联紧急联络，寻找这5名女工。 昨天，笔者拨通了遵义市妇联的电话，维权部的董亚云说，贵州省妇联获知情况后，当即向全省各级妇联发出寻找通知。目前已经找到5名女工，都是十六七岁，她们的家离遵义有好几百里。其中3人可以确定是在东莞安加鞋厂工作，目前准备前来广州检查治疗。 原来，这几个女工是2000年2月到广东打工的，后来患病于年底回到遵义。回来后病情不断加重，她们到很多私人诊所看过病，都不知道是什么病。她们也就因为得了“怪病”而在当地闻名。 董亚云说，其中一个姓唐的姑娘现在已经瘫痪，她的家一贫如洗，稍微值钱一点的东西都被卖了治病，现在几乎是在家里等死。 名词解释:正己烷中毒 正己烷中毒主要通过呼吸道、皮肤、消化道进入人体，中毒类型可分急、慢性两种。高浓度正己烷急性中毒，主要表现为咳嗽、气急、气喘等呼吸道刺激症状和中枢神经系统麻醉性抑制。慢性中毒主要表现为四肢远端指、趾对称性麻木感，触痛觉反应迟钝，四肢疲软无力，脚踝部痉挛，手腕、足出现下垂。重者下肢瘫痪，肌肉萎缩，体重减轻，痛觉消失。同时还会出现头晕、头痛、乏力、食欲减退等症状。 relevant Department. (2) personal injury accident occurred, the direct punishment 0.5-10,000 yuan, responsible for the direct responsibility for the accident and the responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions should be dealt with by the personnel Department of the company. (3) personal injury accident occurs, the direct punishment 500-1000, who is directly responsible for the accident responsibility, give notice of criticism and 50-100 economic sanctions against them. (4) to conceal the accident, reported without undue delay or false, to inform the administrative leadership of the criticism, resulting in serious consequences, the pursuit of leadership, along with 500-1000 punishment. (5) significant near miss should be attempted as the case of responsible for the accident and construction team injuries accident penalty provisions, mutatis mutandis. Eight, should perform in the construction standards and specifications, serial number a 1 GB3323-2005 steel fusion welded butt joints, welding engineering-Ray lighting and quality rating of 2 GB11345-89 steel welds manual methods of ultrasonic inspection and testing results for grade 3 GB50236-2002 industrial pipe welding engineering code for construction and acceptance of field equipment 4 HGJ222-92 technical specification for welding of aluminium and its alloys 5 low temperature steel welding procedure 6 SH3525-2004 petrochemical JB/ T4708-2000 of welding procedure qualification for steel pressure vessels 7 JB/4709-2000 8 JB4730-2005 pressure vessel welding procedures of steel pressure vessel NDT 9 JB/T4744-2000 steel pressure vessel products mechanical properties test of welded plate II, mechanical equipment installation engineering 1 中毒者在脱离接触正己烷后3个月内病情仍可继续恶化。一般病程为6—30个月，恢复缓慢，但治疗及时也能恢复如常人。 正己烷含量未超标 女工为何会中毒, 2002-07-05 10:10:08 南方网讯 昨日(7.4)，《鞋厂女工离奇瘫痪》一文引起各方关注。为了寻找并治疗中毒的女工，记者同省职防院、省妇联等部门的工作人员今天飞赴遵义，将她们接回广州检查、确诊、治疗。 前天下午，记者与遵义市妇联的董亚云女士联系，得知一位年仅17岁、姓唐的姑娘已经瘫痪，情况十分危急，大家都担心她会在赴广州途中死掉。记者的心情非常沉重，遵义到底还有没有其他女工中毒,能不能请专家对中毒女工进行检查，并作有关指导，使她们顺利到达广州,能不能让专家对唐姑娘进行提前诊断,记者由此产生了请有关专家到遵义的想法。 于是，记者与省职防院的黄汉林院长联系，表达了请派专家到遵义的想法。黄院长非常重视，当即表示可以派一名医生和护士前往遵义，对中毒女工进行检查、治疗，并作具体指导，使她们顺利抵达广州。 记者又与一直努力寻找中毒女工的省妇联联系，省妇联决定派出一名工作人员随同前往，负责有关的协调工作。东莞安加鞋厂得知情况后，也派一名工作人员跟赴遵义。 “女工中毒”事件经披露后，引起东莞安加鞋厂的高度重视。该厂周经理给记者打来电话表示，厂方立即派人前往和发信寻找患病的女工，并邀请省职防院和当地医院为在职工人检查身体。 周经理感谢媒体对有关事件所进行的报道，认为促进了他们对职业病的重视。过去，厂方和工人都缺乏职业病防治知识，才酿成这样的后果。管理者如今知道情况如此严重，也担心会影响工人往后的生活，因此马上派出一位干部前往湖北孝感地区寻找患病女工，将把她们接回来医治，同时向从1992年起在该厂打过工后离厂回乡的工人发信，希望她们回来体检。另外，厂方已经送了40位有关工序的工人到东莞市石新医院检查血液、心肺等，并约请省职防院下周到厂里为更多工人体检。 正己烷含量未超标 女工为何会中毒, 昨天，记者就东莞安加鞋厂中毒女工的病情和中毒原因，采访了省职防院有关专家。 负责5名女工治疗工作的省职防院孔主任说，神经肌电图显示，正己烷已对她们造成神经损害，比如末梢有痛触觉减弱。目前根据女工们的工作环境、接触正己烷的时间、体格检验、群体发病情况，初步诊断为“正己烷慢性中毒”。但由于有些检查 报告 软件系统测试报告下载sgs报告如何下载关于路面塌陷情况报告535n,sgs报告怎么下载竣工报告下载 现在还未出来，同时还必须经过临床观察来排除其它病因，最后还须通过专家组讨论，才能最后确诊是否是职业病中毒。 据曾到安加鞋厂进行现场检查的省职防院副院长邱创逸介绍，安加鞋厂规模较大，其生产环境要比一般鞋厂好，现场检查的《广东省职业卫生检测中心检测报告》显示，该厂厂房内空气浓度中正己烷含量是137.9毫克,立方米，低于国家标准180毫克,立方米，没有超标。 既然如此，工人所中之毒从何而来,专家分析可能有三个方面的原因:首先是厂方忽略了对工人进行职业卫生知识培训和劳动防护用品发放、管理，造成了事故的发生。正己烷作为一种有毒有机溶剂，通过呼吸道进入身体并非是惟一中毒的途径，工人的手在接触胶水后，溶剂也会慢慢渗入皮肤，relevant Department. (2) personal injury accident occurred, the direct punishment 0.5-10,000 yuan, responsible for the direct responsibility for the accident and the responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions should be dealt with by the personnel Department of the company. (3) personal injury accident occurs, the direct punishment 500-1000, who is directly responsible for the accident responsibility, give notice of criticism and 50-100 economic sanctions against them. (4) to conceal the accident, reported without undue delay or false, to inform the administrative leadership of the criticism, resulting in serious consequences, the pursuit of leadership, along with 500-1000 punishment. (5) significant near miss should be attempted as the case of responsible for the accident and construction team injuries accident penalty provisions, mutatis mutandis. Eight, should perform in the construction standards and specifications, serial number a 1 GB3323-2005 steel fusion welded butt joints, welding engineering-Ray lighting and quality rating of 2 GB11345-89 steel welds manual methods of ultrasonic inspection and testing results for grade 3 GB50236-2002 industrial pipe welding engineering code for construction and acceptance of field equipment 4 HGJ222-92 technical specification for welding of aluminium and its alloys 5 low temperature steel welding procedure 6 SH3525-2004 petrochemical JB/ T4708-2000 of welding procedure qualification for steel pressure vessels 7 JB/4709-2000 8 JB4730-2005 pressure vessel welding procedures of steel pressure vessel NDT 9 JB/T4744-2000 steel pressure vessel products mechanical properties test of welded plate II, mechanical equipment installation engineering 1 导致中毒。 检查组在现场检查发现，厂方配发给工人的职业病防护用品不符合标准。如刷胶女工戴着一般的黑色橡胶手套，不能起到有效防止胶水渗透的作用;口罩则是活性碳口罩，2—8小时饱和后就会失去作用。由于女工对职业病防护一无所知，有的干脆徒手操作，致使有毒溶剂渗入皮肤而中毒。 其次是劳动时间过长，导致女工不堪重负，也是原因之一。她们每天的工作时间至少在12个小时以上，有时甚至会加班到凌晨。还有一个原因是工厂管理人员对有毒、有害物质的认识缺乏，不知粘胶中含有对人体有害的物质，等等。 正己烷的危害与预防 正己烷，是石油馏分与天然气分离过程中得到的六碳化合物。常态下为液体，主要用做溶剂。正己烷虽属低毒类化学物，但因其挥发性和脂溶性高，在人体内可蓄积，特别是对神经系统具有毒性，故应考虑为高性毒物。 20世纪60年代，意大利、日本等国曾有大量职业性正己烷中毒的病例报道。我国在20世纪90年代以前未曾报道过一例。但近10年来，我国在工业粘胶配制、制鞋、制球、印刷、家具制造及电器制造等领域中广泛应用正己烷，中毒事故不断发生。近年来由于石油精炼技术的发展，生产高纯度正己烷的成本降低，加上人们对苯危害的认识不断加深，所以各地相关企业使用正己烷的范围与量大大增加，许多胶粘剂、清洁剂均用正己烷或含正己烷的溶剂汽油(白电油)取代苯系物，使正己烷中毒成为了这几年发生人数最多的职业中毒。 正己烷主要经呼吸道进入人体，其代谢产物2,5己二酮具有周围神经毒性，可引起以感觉运动型多发性周围神经病为主要临床表现的慢性中毒。 职业性慢性正己烷中毒是指劳动者在职业活动中长期接触正己烷所致的以周围神经损害为主的疾病，起病隐匿，患者常先感觉食欲不振、四肢乏力，继而出现四肢对称性的感觉异常，如发麻、刺痛，并出现感觉迟钝。检查会发现，患者四肢的触觉、痛觉、震动觉和位置觉等均减退，并且以远端为重。重者可出现垂腕和垂足、站立和行走困难以及肌肉萎缩、手足皮肤温度降低、跟腱反射消失。 relevant Department. (2) personal injury accident occurred, the direct punishment 0.5-10,000 yuan, responsible for the direct responsibility for the accident and the responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions should be dealt with by the personnel Department of the company. (3) personal injury accident occurs, the direct punishment 500-1000, who is directly responsible for the accident responsibility, give notice of criticism and 50-100 economic sanctions against them. (4) to conceal the accident, reported without undue delay or false, to inform the administrative leadership of the criticism, resulting in serious consequences, the pursuit of leadership, along with 500-1000 punishment. (5) significant near miss should be attempted as the case of responsible for the accident and construction team injuries accident penalty provisions, mutatis mutandis. Eight, should perform in the construction standards and specifications, serial number a 1 GB3323-2005 steel fusion welded butt joints, welding engineering-Ray lighting and quality rating of 2 GB11345-89 steel welds manual methods of ultrasonic inspection and testing results for grade 3 GB50236-2002 industrial pipe welding engineering code for construction and acceptance of field equipment 4 HGJ222-92 technical specification for welding of aluminium and its alloys 5 low temperature steel welding procedure 6 SH3525-2004 petrochemical JB/ T4708-2000 of welding procedure qualification for steel pressure vessels 7 JB/4709-2000 8 JB4730-2005 pressure vessel welding procedures of steel pressure vessel NDT 9 JB/T4744-2000 steel pressure vessel products mechanical properties test of welded plate II, mechanical equipment installation engineering 1 大小鱼际肌萎缩 股四头肌与腓肠肌萎缩 患者在脱离接触正己烷后3个月内病情仍可继续恶化。一般病程为6,30个月，恢复缓慢。 处理:迄今慢性正己烷中毒性神经病尚无特效药物治疗。诊断一经确立，患者应立即停止接触具有神经毒性的化学物质，并给予对症处理。治疗上可应用神经生长因子促进患者周围神经功能的恢复。 预防:在生产中尽可能用无毒或低毒的物质取代正己烷(东莞市卫生监督所探索出用不含正己烷的白电油取代含正己烷的溶剂，取得显著效果，值得推广)，工作环境应加强通风排毒。对接触者要严加防护，定期进行健康检查。如发现有早期中毒症状者，应将其及时调离，并进行诊治。 白电油MSDS 1、物质的理化常数 国标编号: 31005 CAS: 110-54-3 中文名称: 正己烷 英文名称: n-hexane;Hexyl hydride 别 名: 己烷 分子式: CH;CH(CH)CH 分子量: 86.17 6143243 熔 点: -95.6? 沸点:68.7? 密 度: 相对密度(水=1)0.66; 蒸汽压: -25.5?(蒸汽压:13.33kPa/15.8?) 溶解性: 不溶于水，溶于乙醇、乙醚等多数有机溶剂 relevant Department. (2) personal injury accident occurred, the direct punishment 0.5-10,000 yuan, responsible for the direct responsibility for the accident and the responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions should be dealt with by the personnel Department of the company. (3) personal injury accident occurs, the direct punishment 500-1000, who is directly responsible for the accident responsibility, give notice of criticism and 50-100 economic sanctions against them. (4) to conceal the accident, reported without undue delay or false, to inform the administrative leadership of the criticism, resulting in serious consequences, the pursuit of leadership, along with 500-1000 punishment. (5) significant near miss should be attempted as the case of responsible for the accident and construction team injuries accident penalty provisions, mutatis mutandis. Eight, should perform in the construction standards and specifications, serial number a 1 GB3323-2005 steel fusion welded butt joints, welding engineering-Ray lighting and quality rating of 2 GB11345-89 steel welds manual methods of ultrasonic inspection and testing results for grade 3 GB50236-2002 industrial pipe welding engineering code for construction and acceptance of field equipment 4 HGJ222-92 technical specification for welding of aluminium and its alloys 5 low temperature steel welding procedure 6 SH3525-2004 petrochemical JB/ T4708-2000 of welding procedure qualification for steel pressure vessels 7 JB/4709-2000 8 JB4730-2005 pressure vessel welding procedures of steel pressure vessel NDT 9 JB/T4744-2000 steel pressure vessel products mechanical properties test of welded plate II, mechanical equipment installation engineering 1 稳定性: 稳定 外观与性无色液体，有微弱的特殊气味 状: 危险标记: 7(低闪点易燃液体) 用于有机合成，用作溶剂、化学试剂、涂料稀释剂、聚 用 途: 合反应的介质等 2.对环境的影响: 一、健康危害 侵入途径:吸入、食入、经皮吸收。 健康危害:本品有麻醉和刺激作用。长期接触可致周围神经炎。 急性中毒:吸入高浓度本品出现头痛、头晕、恶心、共济失调等，重者引起神志丧失甚至死亡。对眼和上呼吸道有刺激性。 慢性中毒:长期接触出现头痛、头晕、乏力、胃纳减退;其后四肢远端逐渐发展成感觉异常，麻木，触、痛、震动和位置等感觉减退，尤以下肢为甚，上肢较少受累。进一步发展为下肢无力，肌肉疼痛，肌肉萎缩及运动障碍。神经-肌电图检查示感神经及运动神经传导速度减慢。 二、毒理学资料及环境行为 毒性:属低毒类。 3急性毒性:LD5028710mg/kg(大鼠经口);人吸入12.5g/m，轻度中毒、头痛、恶心、眼和呼吸刺激症状。 3亚急性和慢性毒性:大鼠吸入2.76g/m/天，143天，夜间活动减少，网状内皮系统轻度异常反应，末梢神经有髓鞘退行性变，轴突轻度变化腓肠肌肌纤维轻度萎缩。 危险特性:极易燃，其蒸气与空气可形成爆炸性混合物。遇明火、高热极易燃烧爆炸。与氧化剂接触发生强烈反应，甚至引起燃烧。在火场中，受热的容器有爆炸危险。其蒸气比空气重，能在较低处扩散到相当远的地方，遇明火会引着回燃。 燃烧(分解)产物:一氧化碳、二氧化碳。 3.现场应急监测方法: 气体检测管法 气体速测管(北京劳保所产品、德国德尔格公司产品) 4.实验室监测方法: 气相色谱法《食品中添加剂的分析方法》马家骧等译 气相色谱法《空气中有害物质的测定方法》(第二版)，杭士平主编 5.环境标准: 3前苏联 车间空气中有害物质的最高容许浓度 300mg/m 3前苏联(1978)环境空气中最高容许浓度 60mg/m(一次值) 6.应急处理处置方法: 一、泄漏应急处理 迅速撤离泄漏污染区人员至安全区，并进行隔离，严格限制出入。切断火源。建议应急处理人员戴自给正压式呼吸器，穿消防防护服。尽可能切断泄漏源。防止进入下水道、排洪沟等限制性空间。小量泄漏:用砂土或其它不燃材料吸附或吸收。也可以用不燃性分散剂制成的乳液刷洗，洗液稀释后放入废水系统。大relevant Department. (2) personal injury accident occurred, the direct punishment 0.5-10,000 yuan, responsible for the direct responsibility for the accident and the responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions should be dealt with by the personnel Department of the company. (3) personal injury accident occurs, the direct punishment 500-1000, who is directly responsible for the accident responsibility, give notice of criticism and 50-100 economic sanctions against them. (4) to conceal the accident, reported without undue delay or false, to inform the administrative leadership of the criticism, resulting in serious consequences, the pursuit of leadership, along with 500-1000 punishment. (5) significant near miss should be attempted as the case of responsible for the accident and construction team injuries accident penalty provisions, mutatis mutandis. Eight, should perform in the construction standards and specifications, serial number a 1 GB3323-2005 steel fusion welded butt joints, welding engineering-Ray lighting and quality rating of 2 GB11345-89 steel welds manual methods of ultrasonic inspection and testing results for grade 3 GB50236-2002 industrial pipe welding engineering code for construction and acceptance of field equipment 4 HGJ222-92 technical specification for welding of aluminium and its alloys 5 low temperature steel welding procedure 6 SH3525-2004 petrochemical JB/ T4708-2000 of welding procedure qualification for steel pressure vessels 7 JB/4709-2000 8 JB4730-2005 pressure vessel welding procedures of steel pressure vessel NDT 9 JB/T4744-2000 steel pressure vessel products mechanical properties test of welded plate II, mechanical equipment installation engineering 1 量泄漏:构筑围堤或挖坑收容;用泡沫覆盖，降低蒸气灾害。用防爆泵转移至槽车或专用收集器内，回收或运至废物处理场所处置。 二、防护措施 呼吸系统防护:空气中浓度超标时，佩戴自吸过滤式防毒面具(半面罩)。 眼睛防护:必要时，戴化学安全防护眼镜。 身体防护:穿防静电工作服。 手防护:戴防苯耐油手套。 其它:工作现场严禁吸烟。避免长期反复接触。 三、急救措施 皮肤接触:脱去被污染的衣着，用肥皂水和清水彻底冲洗皮肤。 眼睛接触:提起眼睑，用流动清水或生理盐水冲洗。就医。 吸入:迅速脱离现场至空气新鲜处。保持呼吸道通畅。如呼吸困难，给输氧。如呼吸停止，立即进行人工呼吸。就医。 食入:饮足量温水，催吐，就医。 灭火方法:喷水冷却容器，可能的话将容器从火场移至空旷处。处在火场中的容器若已变色或从安全泄压装置中产生声音，必须马上撤离。灭火剂:泡沫、干粉、二氧化碳、砂土。用水灭火无效。 relevant Department. (2) personal injury accident occurred, the direct punishment 0.5-10,000 yuan, responsible for the direct responsibility for the accident and the responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions should be dealt with by the personnel Department of the company. (3) personal injury accident occurs, the direct punishment 500-1000, who is directly responsible for the accident responsibility, give notice of criticism and 50-100 economic sanctions against them. (4) to conceal the accident, reported without undue delay or false, to inform the administrative leadership of the criticism, resulting in serious consequences, the pursuit of leadership, along with 500-1000 punishment. (5) significant near miss should be attempted as the case of responsible for the accident and construction team injuries accident penalty provisions, mutatis mutandis. Eight, should perform in the construction standards and specifications, serial number a 1 GB3323-2005 steel fusion welded butt joints, welding engineering-Ray lighting and quality rating of 2 GB11345-89 steel welds manual methods of ultrasonic inspection and testing results for grade 3 GB50236-2002 industrial pipe welding engineering code for construction and acceptance of field equipment 4 HGJ222-92 technical specification for welding of aluminium and its alloys 5 low temperature steel welding procedure 6 SH3525-2004 petrochemical JB/ T4708-2000 of welding procedure qualification for steel pressure vessels 7 JB/4709-2000 8 JB4730-2005 pressure vessel welding procedures of steel pressure vessel NDT 9 JB/T4744-2000 steel pressure vessel products mechanical properties test of welded plate II, mechanical equipment installation engineering 1