名词性从句

名词性从句 名词性从句分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句四种。 (一)概述 名词性从句主要包括宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:连接词(that, whether, if);连接代词(what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which);连接副词(when, where, how, why) (二)主语从句 1. 主语从句在复合句中充当主语。引导主语从句的连词主要有:that, whether, what, which, whom, whose, when, where, why, how, whatever, whoever等。 注意:(1)这些引导词都不可以省略。(2)只能用whether不能用if。(3)从句用陈述句语序。 That he is still alive is sheer luck. 他还活着全靠运气。 How the book will sell depends on its author. 书销售如何取决于作者本人。 Who cooked the meal is not known yet. 谁煮的饭还不知道。 How he did it is still a mystery. 他怎么做的还是个迷。 Whether we can land on the moon is not known. 我们是否能登陆月球还不知道。 2.大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末,用it充当形式主语。 例如:It is not important who will go. 谁去,这不重要。 It is still unknown which team will win the match. 到底哪个队会赢形势尚不明朗。 It?s a pity that you should have to leave. 你非走不可真是件憾事。 用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系: (1)It + be + 形容词+ that-从句It is necessary that… 有必要……It is important that… 重要的是……It is obvious that… 很明显…… (2)It + be + -ed分词+ that-从句It is believed that…人们相信……It is known to all that…众所周知……It has been decided that…已决定…… (3)It + be + 名词+ that-从句It is a pity that…可惜的是……It is a surprise that…令人惊奇的是……It is a fact that…事实是…… (4)It + 不及物动词+ that-从句It appears that…(看起来是)似乎……It happens that…碰巧……It occurred to me that…我突然想起…… 例如:It is obvious that the object is not UFO. 很明显这个物体不是UFO。It is known to all that money can?t grow on the tree. 众所周知,钱不会长在树上。It is a fact that Sadam has been captured by the American army. 萨达姆已经被美军捕获是个事实。It happened that they did the same thing in the same way. 碰巧他们用同样的方法做同样的事情。 3. 主语从句不可位于句首的四种情况:(1)“It doesn?t matter + how/whether…”结构中,主语从句不可提前。例如:It doesn?t matte r whether he likes it or not. 不管他喜欢不喜欢都没关系。(2)“It is said/reported…”结构中,主语从句不可提前。例如:It is said that the highway will be open to traffic next year. 据说高速公路将于明年通车。 (3)“It happens/occurs/turns out…”结构中,主语从句不可提前。例如:It occurred to me that there was another path to the lake. 我突然想到还有另一条路通到湖边。(4)含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时,主语从句不可提前。例如:Is it likely that it will rain in the afternoon? 下午有可能下雨吗? (三)表语从句 表语从句在复合句中充当表语。引导表语从句的连接词主要有:that, whether, because, what, which, whom, whose, when, where, why, how, whatever, whoever等。 注意:(1)这些引导词都不可以省略(2)只能用whether不能用if (3)从句用陈述句语序 例如:My question is who will take over president of the charity. 我的问 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 是谁将接任该慈善机构的主席职位。 The fact is that he has not been seen recently. 事实是近来谁也没有见过他。 The point is whether we should lend him the computer. 问题在于我们是否应该借电脑给他。 That is why he can?t get along with others. 这就是为什么他不能和其他人相处好的原因。 That is because he can?t get rid of his bad habits. 那是因为他不能改掉他的坏习惯。 The important thing is what he does. 重要的是他做什么。 (四)宾语从句 一、概念:在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。 宾语从句分为三类:动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。 1、宾语从句的连接词引导宾语从句的常用连接词主要有:that, whether, if, what, which, whom, whose, when, where, why, how, whatever, whoever等。 注意:①that 可以省略②若从句中有or not 只能用whether 不能用if ③宾语从句一定用陈述句语序④标点、语调根据主句决定 2、常接宾语从句的动词:say, tell, ask, see, decide, wonder, think等。 3、宾语从句的时态 主句 宾语从句 一般现在时所需要的任何时态 委婉语气 过去时①过去时的任何时态②客观真理永远用一般现在时 (1)主句为一般现在时或将来时,从句的时态可根据具体实际需要而定。例如:I imagine he is interested in the activity. I wonder what has happened to the driver. They will be told when they will retire. (2)主句为一般过去时,从句的谓语动词也要用相应的过去时,即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时或过去将来时的一种。例如:To our surprise, he told us that he would leave very soon. She didn?t ask who had bought all the flowers. Andy said that he had gone to the Browns? three days before. (3)主句是祈使句,从句的谓语动词可用所需要的任何时态。例如:Please tell me how long it will take us to the library. Show me which picture is yours. (4)从句叙述的是客观真理、自然现象或永恒不变的规律,此时宾语从句不受主句时态的限制,均用一般现在时。例如:Our teacher told us that light travels faster than sound. 我们老师告诉我们光速比音速快。Everybody knew that one and one makes two. 每个人都知道一加一等于二。 二、宾语从句应注意的问题和事项 1、that引导的宾语从句为陈述句。that本身是一个连接词,没有意义,在从句中也不充当任何句子成分,可以被省略。 例如:I think (that) the novel is worth reading again. Anne said (that) she was leaving for London on Wednesday. 注意:如果谓语动词后跟有两个或更多的并列的宾语从句,第二个(或最后一个)连接词不可省略,以免引起误解。例如:I forgot (that) today was Friday and that the shop wasn?t open. 2、whether或if引导的宾语从句在意义上相当于一个一般疑问句。常放在know, ask, care, wonder, find out等动词之后,意思是“是否”,不可被省略。且若从句中有or not只能用whether不能用if,介词之后一般也不用if。 例如:I wonder whether/if he will come back with the good news. Susan asked me whether I would go to the club this weekend. I really don?t know whether it will rain or not tomorrow. 注意:①少数动词,如leave, put, discuss, doubt后的宾语从句常用whether ②在不定式前只能用whether 例如:I can?t decide whether to stay. ③为避免歧义,我们常用whether而不用if ④if 引导的宾语从句可以用将来时,不要将其与if引导的条件状语从句混淆。 试比较:Can you tell me if he will come back this May? If he comes back, please tell me as soon as possible. 3、连接代词(who, whose, whom, which, what, whoever, whosever, whomever, whatever, whichever)或连接副词(where, when, why, how, whenever, wherever, however)引导宾语从句,在意义上相当于特殊疑问句,有具体的汉语意思,在宾语从句中充当成分,此时不是疑问词。what, whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述。 例如:Do you know what they are looking for? The man in the shop asked the woman which kind of boots (靴子)she liked. That depends on where we shall go. Have you determined whichever you should buy, a Motorola or Nokia cell phone? He did n?t tell me when we should meet again. 4、be + 形容词+ that-从句that-从句也是宾语从句。常用这一结构的形容词有:sure 相信,afraid恐怕,happy高兴,surprised感到惊讶等。例如:I?m afraid that he won?t buy the most expensive bag for her. I?m sure that Tom?s composition is the be st in his class. 5、否定转移若主句的主语是第一人称且为一般现在时,谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine, consider, fancy, guess等动词,则宾语从句的否定词应转移到主句中,即主句的谓语动词用否定式,而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。其反意疑问句一般与宾语从句一致。例如:I don?t think I know you. I don?t believe the books will sell w ell. We don?t imagine that he will believe the truth. 注意 ①若主句谓语动词为hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。例如:I hope you weren?t ill. ②若宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词,其反义疑问句要用肯定形式。如:We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully, does he? 我们发现他从来不仔细听老师讲课,是不是?③若主句的主语是第二人称或第三人称,则否定也不转移。 例如:He thought he hadn?t corrected the mistake. 6、用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句 (1)动词find, feel, consider, make, believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则需要用it作形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置。例如:I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day. (2)有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语和从句前加it,这类动词主要有:hate, take, owe, have, see to We take it that you will agree with us. 我们认为你会同意我们的。 (3)若宾语从句是wh-类,则不可用it代替。例如:We all consider what you said to be unbelievable. 我们都认为你所说的是不可信的。 典型例题: 1. _______ that the American President will visit our school next month. A. What is reported B. What reports C. It is reported D. It reports 2. Mary wrote an article on _______ the team had failed to win the game. A. why B. what C. who D. that 3. Do you know the fact _____ the earth goes around the sun. A. that B. which C. of which D. what 4. Perseverance is a kind of quality —that?s _______ it takes to do anything well. A. what B. that C. which D. why 5. A computer can only do ______ you have instructed to do. A. how B. after C. what D. when 6. Go and get your coat; it is ____ you left it. A. there B. where C. there where D. where there 英语名词性从句专项练习 1.____he does has nothing to do with me. A. whatever B. No matter what C. That D. If 2. The manager came over and asked the customer how____ A. did the quarrel came about B .the quarrel had come about C. had the quarrel come about D. had the quarrel come about 3. Energy is ____makes thing work.. A. what B. something C. anything D. that 4. Information has been put forward ____ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. A. while B. that C. when D. as 5. This is ___the shenzhou V Spaceship landed. A. there B. in which C. where D. when 6. They have no idea at all____. A. where he has gone B. where did he go C. which place has he gone D. where has he gone 7. The docto r did a lot to reduce the patient’s fear ____he would die of the disease. A. that B. which C. of which D. of that 8. The order came ___the soldiers ____the small village the next morning. A. that ;had to leave B. that; should leave C. /; must leave D. when; should leave 9. ___is no possibility ____Bob can win the first prize in the match. A. There; that B. It; that C. there; whether D. It; whether 10. The question came up at the meeting_____ we had enough money for our research. A. that B. which C. whether D. if 11. Is _____he said really true? A. that B. what C. why D. whether