·大学英语精读第二册(教案)

西北师范大学外国语学院 大学英语教学部 Book 2 Unit 1 Is There Life on Earth Teaching Time: 4 hours Students’ level: non-English majors of the second semester of the 1st year. Teaching Objectives: 1. Get Ss to know the conditions of the pollution on earth; let the students realize the serious pollution of the earth; analyze the causes of the pollution on the earth; think over and discuss the ways to solve the issue. 2. About the text, Ss should grasp the text content, text structure, basic vocabularies and required grammar points of the section. Words: atmosphere, compose, conclusion, conference, crash, deadly, emit, extremely, feasibility, fund, hazard, indicate, originally, pollute, proceed, signal, smash, survive, type, unfit Phrases & Expressions: be known as, name after, as to, base on, for one thing…for another, be composed of, as far as sth/sb. be concerned, stick up, give up, set back Grammar: because of, what do you think of, so/as far as…be concerned 3. About the reading, Ss should acquire the reading skill—using word part clues for word meanings ( P13). 4. About the writing, Ss should get to know the writing skill—coherence (P17). 5. About the listening, Ss finish the Unit 1 directed by teacher. Teaching Procedures: I. Pre-reading Activities 1. Warm-up questions and introductory remarks 2. Background information 1) About authors 2) Venus 3) Manhattan 西北师范大学外国语学院 大学英语教学部 4) Consolidated Edison Belt 3. Key words and expressions A. New words and old words Old words or expressions New words or expressions of Venus Venusias bring to the surface land sign signal picture taken by a camera photograph turn straight to direct person who studies the science of astronomer space instrument to see distant things telescope very extremely possibility feasibility occupied by man manned meeting conference decision conclusion journalist reporter make up, form compose air atmosphere causing death deadly remain alive survive plan program formerly originally danger hazard stay in or near one place in the air hover united, combined consolidated zone belt show indicate 西北师范大学外国语学院 大学英语教学部 make dirty pollute not suitable unfit send out, give off emit fall or strike suddenly, violently and crash noisily break into pieces violently smash something that stands out from a projection surface hard grey stone for building granite something that is formed formation very tall building skyscraper rub scrape continue proceed sum of money for special purpose fund one thousand million billion zero zilch about, concerning as to on the one hand, on the other hand for one thing...for another… project stick up emit, produce give off delay set back B. Chinese and English phrases Chinese English a humorous essay 幽默小品 on earth 地球上 great excitement 异常激动 planet of Venus 金星 for the first time 首次 西北师范大学外国语学院 大学英语教学部 manage to 成功地 land a satellite on 把卫星送上了 send back signals 发回信号 ever since 此后，自那以后 be directed into 对准 be named after 以……命名 light years 光年 weather conditions 天气条件 strong signals 清晰的信号 get valuable information 得到宝贵的信息 as to 有关 the feasibility of… ……的可行性 a manned flying saucer 载人飞碟 land on 着陆 hold a press conference 召开记者招待会 come to the conclusion 得出结论 institute of technology 理工学院 based on 基于…… for one thing…for another… 一方面，另一方面 science reporter 科学记者 be composed of 由……组成 solid concrete 坚固的混凝土 be filled with 充满了 carbon monoxide 一氧化碳 deadly gases 致命的气体 as far as…is concerned 就……而言 take a look at 看一看 hover over 在……上空盘旋 make further tests 作更多的实验 西北师范大学外国语学院 大学英语教学部 be unfit to drink 不宜饮用 add more weight to 增加更多的重量 metal particles 金属微粒 move along 沿着移动 emit gases 排放气体 make noise 发出噪音 crash into each other 相互碰撞 stick up 凸起 granite formations 花岗岩结构 give off light 发光 set back 推迟 added funds 追加资金 originally planned 原 计划 项目进度计划表范例计划下载计划下载计划下载课程教学计划下载 的 satellite findings 卫星发现 tiny spots 小点 II. While-reading Activities 1. Ss have the silent reading on the text (10 mins) 2. T explains the text in details. (Lines 6~7) …named after the great Venusian astronomer Prof. Manhattan, who first discovered … Question: Is it really named after a Venusian astronomer called Manhattan? Why did the author say so? Manhattan in reality is the name of the central part of New York City. The author is trying to be humorous. (Lines 16~17) …in the area of Manhattan is composed of solid concrete and nothing can grow there. Question: Why is the surface in the area of Manhattan made up of solid concrete? The surface is covered with roads and buildings. 西北师范大学外国语学院 大学英语教学部 (Lines 25~26) You see this dark black cloud hovering over the surface of Earth? Question: What might this dark black cloud be? Coal dust or smoke or polluted air, in other words, smog. (Line 33) Sir, what are all those tiny black spots on the photographs? Question: What are actually the “tiny black spots” on the photographs? They are vehicles. (Line 38) What are those stalagmite projections sticking up? Question: What are the “stalagmite” projections? They are buildings sticking up like stalagmites. (Line 46) Prof. Zog, why are we spending billions and billions of zilches to land a flying saucer … Question: Why is the monetary unit on Venus called a “zilch”? In English, the word “zilch” means “zero” and here it implies that the Venusian money is worthless. “Zilch” also sounds funny in English. 3. Teacher asks Ss to work out the summary of the text. 4. Teacher gives Ss the summary and concluding remarks (5 mins) 1) What led the Venusians scientists to believe that there is no life on the earth? (The surface, the water, the space all seem unfit for survial) 2) What, according to Prof. Zog, will add weight to the saucer? (Question 4 in Ss’ book.) 3) Is all of the Earth as bad as the Venusians think? Summary: The setting for the story is the planet Venus. Though with its very high temperature and lack of oxygen, it is unlikely to have any living being, the author tells the story from the point of view of the Venusians with the purpose of criticizing, through satire, the serious pollution on Earth. From the text, we learn how serious the pollution on earth is. It‟s high time we took actions to protect our environment. III. Post-reading Activities 1. Let the students do the exercises in the textbook which are related to the new words. 2. Ss hand in the summary of the text. 西北师范大学外国语学院 大学英语教学部 3. Ss discuss the questions on the topic related to the text. 4. Let Ss do the exercises in the text book which are mainly related to the new words and topic. Page 13 Reading Activity Page 14 Guided Writing: (Part 1) 西北师范大学外国语学院 大学英语教学部 Unit 2 The Dinner Party Teaching Time: 4 hours Students’ level: non-English majors of the second semester of the 1st year. Teaching Objectives: 1. Get to know the period when women were inferior has gone, now then can do better before danger and crisis than men. Get to know the character of the women. Realize the new role of the women in the society nowadays. 2. About the text, Ss should grasp the text content, text structure, basic vocabularies and required grammar points of the section. Words: argument, bare, contrast, crawl, crisis, emerge, faint, heated, host, image, impulse, likely, motion, outgrow, shortly, slam, slightly, tone, unexpected, widen Phrases & Expressions: track down, be seated, spring up, at the sight of , feel like, come to, make for, ring out, light up Grammar: using conjunction—while, although, whereas, as long as; frighten …into, trick…into, persuade…into, shock…into, be+infinitive 3. About the reading, Ss should acquire the reading skill—using word part clues for word meanings—more prefixes and suffixes ( P30). 4. About the writing, Ss should get to know the writing skill—combining sentences with coordination conjunctions and conjunctive adverbs (P33). 5. About the listening, Ss finish the Unit 2 directed by teacher. Teaching Procedures: I. Pre-reading Activities 1. Background information 1) India, 2) Cobra, 2. Introductory remarks: This is a well-known story. The story may not be true, but it is told in perfect calmness and self-control. 3. Warm-up questions 西北师范大学外国语学院 大学英语教学部 1) Whom do you think are braver, men or women? 2) Do you believe that women can face a crisis with perfect self-control? 4. Key words and expressions: A. New words and old words Old words or expressions New words or expressions big spacious not covered bare lively spirited grow beyond outgrow times era time of difficulty crisis although while matter count dispute argument look stare directly straight become shorter or smaller contract a little slight give a signal motion probable likely sudden wish to do sth. impulse noisy confusion commotion authoritative commanding statue image appear emerge shut slam weak faint find track down 西北师范大学外国语学院 大学英语教学部 sit down be seated begin suddenly spring up on seeing at the sight of intend feel like take part in join in become aware come to move towards make for sound loudly and clearly ring out give light to light up B. Chinese and English phrases Chinese English a heated / spirited discussion 热烈的讨论 a rather unexpected way 颇为意外的方式 shortly before… ……之前不久 track down 追究，追踪 five a dinner party 设宴 a spacious dining room 宽敞的餐厅 wide glass doors 宽大的玻璃门 a bare floor 没铺地毯的地板 spring up 展开 outgrow the ear 已不是……的时代 at the sight of 一见…… in crisis 危机中，危难时 feel like 很想 join in the argument 参加辩论 an expression comes over the face 脸上掠过……的 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 情 stare straight ahead 直盯前方 muscles contract 肌肉抽搐 西北师范大学外国语学院 大学英语教学部 come to 意识到 motion to sb. 向某人打手势 whisper sth. to sb. 向某人耳语几句 eyes widen 瞪大眼睛 with a start 突然 bait for a snake 引蛇的诱饵 the likeliest place 最有可能的地方 serve the next course 上下一道菜 jump back 往后一跳 frighten sb. Into doing sth. 恐吓某人干某事 the tone of one‟s voice 语气 stone image 石雕 see sth. out of the corner of one‟s eye 从眼角处看到 make for 向……挪动 find out 响起 Just a minute. 且慢 light up the face 面露喜色 crawl across the foot 从脚上爬过 a faint smile 淡淡的微笑 show sb. an example of 给某人树立……的典范 slam the door shut “砰”的一声关上门 II. While-reading Activities 1. Ss have the silent reading on the text (10 mins) 2. T explains the text in details. (Lines 5~6) A colonial official and his wife are giving a large dinner party. Question: What‟s the difference between “officials” and “officers”? An official is a person who holds a public office in government. Here it refers to the colonial Governor. An officer usually refers to a person in a position of 西北师范大学外国语学院 大学英语教学部 command in the armed forces. (Lines 14~15) And while a man may feel like it, he has that ounce more of control than a woman has. And that last ounce is what really counts. Question: Can you paraphrase the sentence? And though a man may also feel like screaming as a woman does, he has a little bit more self-control than a woman and that makes the difference. (Lines 19~20) She motions to the native boy standing behind her chair and whispers something to him. Question: What does “the native boy” refer to? It refers to an Indian male attendant. (Line 23) The American comes to with a start. Question: Why does he come to with a start? He suspects that all the guests are within the striking distance of a cobra. (Lines 29~34) His first impulse is to jump back and warn the others, but……Those who move will forfeit 50 rupees. Ready! Question: How does the American react to the crisis? He tries to keep himself and all the others from the commotion which would frighten the cobra into striking. (Lines 43~44) A faint smile lights up the woman‟s face as she replies: “Because it was crawling across my foot.” Question: What does her “faint smile” show us? She takes what she has done as a very natural thing, and there is nothing worthy of praise. It‟s also her gentle answer to the major. III. Post-reading Activities 1. Let the students do the exercises in the textbook which are related to the new words. 2. Ss hand in the summary of the text. 3. Ss discuss the questions on the topic related to the text. 4. Let Ss do the exercises in the text book which are mainly related to the new 西北师范大学外国语学院 大学英语教学部 words and topic. Page 27 Wording building exercise 9, 10 Page 30 Reading activity 西北师范大学外国语学院 大学英语教学部 Unit 3 Lessons from Jefferson Teaching Time: 4 hours Students’ level: non-English majors of the second semester of the 1st year. Teaching Objectives: 1. Get to understand Jefferson and learn his ideas and its meaning in the society of present. Understand “Go and see”, “You can learn from everyone”, “Judge for yourself”, “Do what you believe his right”, “Trust the future; trust the young”, “only a nation of educated people could remain free”. Try to understand the history of the Declaration of Independence; Jefferson‟s devoting and achievements; the presidents: Washington and Lincoln 2. About the text, Ss should grasp the text content, text structure, basic vocabularies and required grammar points of the section. Words: action, agreement, appoint, conflict, constantly, create, custom, educate, error, existence, false, hesitate, influence, latter, obtain, hesitate, talent, threaten. Phrases & Expressions: get out of one‟s way, leave to, act on, leave behind, inexistence, above all Grammar: omitting sentences, …nor, emphasize sentences 3. About the reading, help Ss review the reading skills they learnt (P50). 4. 4. About the writing, Ss should get to grasp one skill of paragraph developing —topic sentences (P54). 5. About the listening, Ss finish the Unit 3 directed by teacher. Teaching Procedures: I. Pre-reading Activities 1. Background introduction: the Declaration of Independence, social class, Jefferson & French Revolution 2. T’s presentation Key words and expressions: 西北师范大学外国语学院 大学英语教学部 A. New words and old words Old words or expressions New words or expressions announcement declaration freedom independence get obtain done in person personal examination investigation put in a position of responsibility appoint small, narrow boat canoe documents papers at the place of action on the spot low in position humble source origin displease dissatisfy scare threaten refuse reject mistake error not true false opinion judgment feel doubtful prefer like better the latter the second of two the latter disagree conflict without question unquestioning having the same opinion agreement unfavorable remarks criticism point of view philosophy result effect feel angry or bitter at resent 西北师范大学外国语学院 大学英语教学部 now the present tie chain never-ending perpetual say, comment remark very bad evil science or practice of farming agriculture study of ancient human life archaeology protecting conservation good or better superior the state of existing existence have an effect on influence art and science of building architecture continuously constantly do, carry out perform special natural ability talent means device chief, main, most important central one complete book volume have a very exciting feeling thrill clear self-evident the same equal the yearly return of a special date anniversary abandon leave behind heritage legacy B. Chinese and English phrases Chinese English be of interest 有趣 lessons from somebody 某人的遗训 西北师范大学外国语学院 大学英语教学部 at least 至少 Declaration of Independence 独立宣言 modern youth 现代青年 obtain knowledge 获得知识 from many sources 来源很广 personal investigation 亲自做调查 be appointed to 被任命为 to find out 调查 the state capitol 州议会大厦 study papers 研究文件 on the subject 有关这一问 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 make on-the-spot investigations 做现场调查 learn from 向…..学习 by birth 论出身 by education 论所受的教育 belong to 属于 social class 社会阶层 of humble origin 出身卑微 give an order 发号施令 go out of one‟s way 想尽办 cooking pot 烧饭锅 judge for oneself 自己作判断 accept other people‟s opinions 接受别人的意见 without careful thought 不经认真考虑 judge truth and error 判断真理和谬误 everything true and false 一切真实和虚伪的东西 form a correct judgment 做出正确的判断 be safely trusted 完全信任 not hesitate a moment 毫不犹豫 西北师范大学外国语学院 大学英语教学部 conflicting ideas 相互冲突的思想 source of strength 力量的源泉 unquestioning agreement 绝对的一致 keep alive 保持活力 the object of criticism 批评的对象 answer the critics 反驳 act on 付诸行动 express one‟s philosophy 表达观点 take one side 站在一面 with decision 坚决地 resent one‟s actions 对某人的行动不满 be chained to 被束缚于 customs which have lost their 无用的习俗 usefulness the living generation 活着的一代 be based on 基于 men of one‟s age 同时代的人 be an expert in… 擅长 crop rotation 农作物轮作 soil conservation 土壤保持 standard practice 普遍作法 superior to 优于 in existence 现有的 the tasks of ordinary life 日常生活中的工作 II. While-reading Activities 1. Ss have the silent reading on the text (10 mins) 2. T explains the text in details. 西北师范大学外国语学院 大学英语教学部 (Lines 1~2) Thomas Jefferson, the third President of the United States, may be less famous than George Washington and Abraham Lincoln, but…… Question: Why is Jefferson less famous than Washington and Lincoln? Washington is well-known for his leadership in the American Independence War. Lincoln is well-known for his role in abolishing slavery in the United States. (Lines 14~16) Jefferson believed that a free man obtains knowledge from many sources besides books and that personal investigation is important. Question: What are the advantages and disadvantages of personal investigation? Advantages: to get first-hand material, not to have to rely on false information or situations which have changed, ability to ask and answer your own questions. Disadvantages: limitations in time and ability to travel, lack of money, no expertise on the subject. (Lines 22~24) Yet, in a day when few noble persons even spoke to those of humble origins except to give an order, Jefferson went out of…… Question: Why didn‟t noble persons speak to those of humble origins except to five an order? The noble persons thought they were superior and looked down upon the people of humble origins and regarded talking with those people as degrading. But sometimes they had to, because they had to order those people to do things for them. (Lines 30~32) “Neither believe nor reject anything,” he wrote to his nephew, “because any other person has rejected or believed it…… Question: How do you understand “Neither believe nor reject anything because any other person has rejected or believed it.”? Never believe or reject anything only because any other person has rejected or believed it. Don‟t accept blindly other people‟s likes or dislikes. One must have independent thought. (Lines 42~43) He expressed his philosophy in letters to a friend…… Question: What do you understand his philosophy? It is difficult to satisfy both sides. It is natural that there are two sides to every 西北师范大学外国语学院 大学英语教学部 question. (Lines 46~47) “No society,” he said, “can make a perpetual constitution, or even a perpetual law. The earth belongs to the living generation.” Question: Why can not a society make a perpetual constitution, or a perpetual law? Society changes and people‟s ideas change, too. What‟s good today is not necessarily good tomorrow. (Lines 63~65) Millions have thrilled to his words: “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal…” Question: What is the significance of “all men are created equal…”? No one should be denied the rights that he is entitled to and no one should be discriminated against because no person is, at base, really inferior to any other. 3. T asks Ss to come out the main idea, structure of the text (10mins) 4. T summarizes the main idea and structure of the text (5 mins) III. Post-reading Activities 1. Let the students do the exercises in the textbook which are related to the new words. 2. Ss hand in the summary of the text. 3. Ss discuss the questions on the topic related to the text. 4. Let Ss do the exercises in the text book which are mainly related to the new words and topic. Page 47 Word Building 10 Page 53 Reading Activity Exercise A & B 西北师范大学外国语学院 大学英语教学部 Unit4 My First Job Teaching Time: 4 hours Students’ level: non-English majors of the second semester of the 1st year. Teaching Objectives: 1. Get to know the basic process of job interview and have a taste of the bi-choice of interview. Get to know the knowledge of job market requirements; job application; job interview 2. About the text, Ss should grasp the text content, text structure, basic vocabularies and required grammar points of the section. Words: advertise, apply, attach, consist, constitute, depress, disapproval, importance, incompetent, interview, leisure, local, obviously, plus, post, prospect, protest, range, salary, slim, state, suburb, ultimate, undo, vital Phrases & Expressions: be short of, smell of, judging by, attach importance to, in common, consist of , in turn Grammar: usage of prove, before, phrase of judging by… 3. About the reading, Ss should acquire the reading skill—making inferences while reading (p72). 4. About the writing, Ss should get to know the writing skill—combing sentences with subordinate conjunction or relative pronoun (P75). 5. About the listening, Ss finish the Unit 4 directed by teacher. Teaching Procedures: I. Pre-reading Activities 1. Background information a) British state school, b) General School Certificate, c) Job interview 2. Introductory remarks: 3. Warm-up questions a) Do you have job interview experience? 西北师范大学外国语学院 大学英语教学部 b) What do you think are factors in successful job interview? 4. Key words and expressions: Key words and expressions: A. New words and old words Old words or expressions New words or expressions slight, slender slim dislike disapproval untie undo necessary vital plainly, evidently obviously be made up of consist of arrangement set-up unskillful incompetent free time leisure manage run possibility chance, prospect form constitute greatest ultimate insult indignity ask for apply for frustrate depress low bush shrub smoke fume not fresh STALE broken pieces of bread crumb murmur mumble fasten attach vary range monthly pay salary 西北师范大学外国语学院 大学英语教学部 object protest lack be short of some a number of one after another in turn therefore as a result job post sad depressed stand up get to one‟s feet B. Chinese and English phrases Chinese English make some money 赚些钱 bloodshot eyes 充满血丝的眼睛 have little in common 没有多少共同之处 at three different levels 按三种不同的程度 enjoy leisure 悠闲自乐 the last straw 最无法忍受的事 the ultimate indignity 最大的侮辱 a teaching post/job 一份教学工作 enter university 上大学 a local newspaper 当地报纸 an awkward journey 艰难的行程 struggle to survive 苟延残喘 a busy main road 喧闹的主道 smell unpleasantly 发出难闻的气味 ink marks 墨迹 a number of questions 一连串的问题 take subjects 休课 play games 玩游戏 西北师范大学外国语学院 大学英语教学部 fix sb. with one‟s eyes 盯着某人 a vital part 至关重要的部分 say the wrong thing 说错了话 fill sb. with fear 让人害怕 divide…into groups 划分成几个部分 be dismayed at the thought of… 一想到……就沮丧 be incompetent at… 在某些方面低能/无能 run a school 办学校 work under sb. 在某人手下工作 II. While-reading Activities 1. Ss have the silent reading on the text (10 mins) 2. T explains the text in details. (Lines 1~5) the whole paragraph Question: What information do you get from this paragraph? We know the time the story took place; the way the author noticed the teaching post was available and reasons he applied for it. (Lines 6~7) However, three days later a letter arrived, asking me to go to Croydon for an interview. Question: What does it mean to be asked for an interview? There is hope that one will get the job. (Lines 11~13) the whole paragraph Question: What do you think are the favorable surroundings that a school should be in? A school should be located in quiet and peaceful place away from pollution and distractions, with its buildings in pleasant surroundings, so that students can concentrate on and enjoy their studies. (Lines 26~27) I mumbled something about not attaching too much importance to them. Question: Why did he respond by mumbling? 西北师范大学外国语学院 大学英语教学部 He felt uncertain whether his point of view appealed to the headmaster or not. (Line 33)The teaching set-up filled me with fear. Question: What do you think of the teaching set-up? Is it normal? In some village schools in our country, it is still the case. Obviously the teaching set-up was caused by the poor conditions in the school. Meanwhile, it would challenge a teacher‟s abilities, skills and patience. (Lines 39~43)The last paragraph Question: What does the last paragraph imply? The boy wouldn‟t take the job. 3. T asks Ss to come out the main idea, structure of the text (10mins) 4. T summarizes the main idea and structure of the text (5 mins) III. Post-reading Activities 1. Let the students do the exercises in the textbook which are related to the new words. 2. Ss hand in the summary of the text. 3. Ss discuss the questions on the topic related to the text. 4. Let Ss do the exercises in the text book which are mainly related to the new words and topic. Page 68 Word Building Exercise 9 Page 71 Reading Activity 西北师范大学外国语学院 大学英语教学部 Unit 5 The Professor and the Yo-Yo Teaching Time: 4 hours Students’ level: non-English majors of the second semester of the 1st year. Teaching Objectives: 1. Make students have an idea about the Einstein‟s unusual personality whether as a scientist or as an average man. 1). Analyze the personal characteristics of Einstein. 2). Understand the way of life of Einstein. 2. About the text, Ss should grasp the text content, text structure, basic vocabularies and required grammar points of the section. Words: ambition, application, approach, argue, bewilder, capable, correspond, display, exclusively, mainly, fortune, function, immune, impress, modest, observe, present, profound, pursue, puzzle, relatively, series Phrases & Expressions: at ease, off balance, come to terms with, as far as, mean nothing to, believe in, so much so that, a series of , take apart, work out, capable of, single out, Grammar: be made to, that clause 3. About the reading, Ss should acquire the skill—reading beyond lines ( p91). 4. About the writing, Ss should get to know the paragraph developing —writing in logical order (P95). 5. About the listening, Ss finish the Unit 5 directed by teacher. Teaching Procedures: I. Pre-reading Activities 1. Background information: Einstein & his achievements Introductory remarks: Einstein is one of the greatest scientists of all time. His ideas and theories have, directly or indirectly, influenced many areas of the modern world---- science, art, and philosophy. In spite of his great achievements and fame, he always remained a simple man: he was honest and open, very easy 西北师范大学外国语学院 大学英语教学部 to get along with; he lived a plain life and had simple habits, caring very little for material well-being. And the text The Professor and the Yo-Yo, whose author is the son of a close friend of Einstein‟s, sheds more light on Einstein‟s personality both as a scientist and as a man. 2. Key words and expressions: 1). modest: a. having, showing , not a too high opinion of one‟s merits, abilities, etc. For example: Asian women are more modest and shy, yet they tend to have an inner force. b. moderate; not large in size or amount. For example: The police came to suspect the man who lived a luxurious life on a modest income. 2). balance: Useful phrases: keep one‟s balance; lose one‟s balance; be in balance; be out of balance; off balance. Special attention: „in the balance‟ means „undecided‟. For example: Though her life was in the balance, she thought only of the safety of her fellows. 3).impress: have a strong effect on the mind or feeling of. For example: I was deeply impressed by the scenery there. He impressed me as a modest scholar. My parents impress on me the importance of honesty time and again. 4). immune: be immune to: be free from or unaffected by. For example: Vaccination makes people immune to smallpox. It seems to me that few people are immune to vanity or jealousy. 5). exclusively: only; completely. For example: Eton college is an exclusively male public school in Britain. The report is written exclusively for the country‟s top leaders. 6). pursue: a. work at; be busy with. For example: He pursued the study of music for four years. 西北师范大学外国语学院 大学英语教学部 b. go after. For example: It is illegal for hunters to pursue extremely young animals. 7). at ease: free from worry or nervousness; comfortable. For example: The doctor soon made the worried patient feel at ease. Donald was not at ease (or ill at ease) at such a big party. 8). come to terms with: accept (sth. usually disagreeable) as it is; reach an agreement with. It has taken me a long time to come to terms with the fact that I‟ll never be a good writer. It seems that the two sides will never come to terms (with each other). 9). as far as: to the extent that. For example: As far as I know he will be away for three months. He will help you as far as he can. 10). so much so that: to such an extent that. For example: He longed to visit Paris, so much so that he often dreamed about it. I was worn out, so much so that I thought I would never recover. 11). single out: separate or choose from a group for special treatment or notice. All of us did a very good job but the teacher singled out for praise. It is an honour for him to have been singled out to represent the school at the celebration ceremony. II. While-reading Activities 1.Ss have the silent reading on the text (10 mins) 2.T explains the text in details. Language Points: make sb. feel at ease; when my turn came; throw sth. off balance. Questions: a. From this example do you know what kind of person Einstein was? b. How do you understand Einstein‟s nodding? Paragraph Two: 西北师范大学外国语学院 大学英语教学部 Language Points: a. the personality that was Einstein: the personality which was the most striking characteristic of Einstein. b. He was the only person I knew who had come to terms with himself and the world around him: Of all the persons I knew he was the only one who was at peace with himself and the outside world because he accepted the world as it was and knew his limits as a human being. c. He knew there were answers beyond his intellectual reach: He knew that the universe had more mysteries than he could ever hope to solve, great as his intellectual abilities were. Questions: a. What does “he had come to terms with himself and the world around him” mean? b. What does “be content to go as far as one could” mean? (be satisfied with what one could achieve.) Paragraph Three: Language Point: He was beyond any pretension: He was completely sincere and honest without the slightest intention to show off. Questions: a. Why he was free from these emotions? b. How do you know that he was a great person who disliked showing off? Paragraph Four, Five and Six: Language Points: a. Material things meant nothing to him: material things are of no importance to him. b. finally: at last For example: The detective finally tracked down the suspect. c. present sb. with sth.; a tube of (cream, toothpaste, etc.) d. revert to : go back to (a former condition or habit). For example: 西北师范大学外国语学院 大学英语教学部 The stress he felt made him revert to the old habit of smoking. Questions: a. Do material things mean nothing to you? What‟s your point of view? b. Why did Einstein shrug? What does it mean when a person shrug? c. Why did he revert to using plain water to shave after finishing the shaving cream? Paragraph Seven, Eight and Nine: Language Points: a. E=mc2: Einstein‟s special theory of relativity proposes, among other things, that the maximum speed possible in the universe is that of light; that mass appears to increase with speed; that the rate of a clock moving through space will decrease as its speed increases; and that energy and mass are equal and interchangeable. The last point was expressed in the famous formula E=mc2 (energy equals mass times the square of speed of light) and was later proved by atomic fission. b. have curiosity in doing sth. c. take apart: separate (sth.) into parts. For example: Nick took apart the clock and spread the bits all over the carpet. d. work out: solve; find the answer to. For example: John worked out the math problems all by himself. Questions: a. What did Einstein think of his photoelectric theory? Did it prove to be of any practical value? b. What does “his quick expression of disapproval” tell us here? c. From this example, what kind of people was Einstein? (He was sort of stubborn, impractical, odd, unique and true to his ideas.) Paragraph Ten: Language Points: a. profound: deep; needing much thought or study to understand. For example: Philosophy is profound and beyond the reach of ordinary people. b. capable of : having the ability or power for: for example: 西北师范大学外国语学院 大学英语教学部 He is capable of doing such a difficult job. Some airplanes are capable of going beyond 1,000 miles an hour. c. a household word: word known far and wide. Questions: a. His theories were capable of exciting relatively few scientists. Why do you think his name was a household word? b. How do you understand what he said about his achievement? Why was he bewildered about people‟s admiration? 3. T asks Ss to come out the main idea, structure of the text (10mins) 4. T summarizes the main idea and structure of the text (5 mins) III. Post-reading Activities 1. Let the students do the exercises in the textbook which are related to the new words. 2. Ss hand in the summary of the text. 3. Ss discuss the questions on the topic related to the text. 4. Let Ss do the exercises in the text book which are mainly related to the new words and topic. 西北师范大学外国语学院 大学英语教学部 Unit 6 The Making of a Surgeon Teaching Time: 4 hours Students’ level: non-English majors of the second semester of the 1st year. Teaching Objectives: 1. Understand the growing process of a surgeon from a beginner to a veteran, from being lack of experience to being full of self-confidence. Ensure that students have an idea about self-confidence, critical decision, attitudes toward mistakes, doctor‟s growing and professional ethic. 2. About the text, Ss should grasp the text content, text structure, basic vocabularies and required grammar points of the section. Words: anticipate, avoid, bother, bound, case, conceited, conclude, confident, constant, critical, dwell, emergency, handle, resolve, responsibilities Phrases & Expressions: draw to a close, live with, dwell on, bound to, in practice, butterflies in the stomach, open up, in advance, at one time or another, sit on Grammar: using conjunction of once, expressing logical order sentences, emphatic expression 3. About the reading, Ss should acquire the reading skill—reading for the implied meaning ( P119). 4. About the writing, Ss should get to know the paragraph developing —parallelism (P112). 5. About the listening, Ss finish the Unit 6 directed by teacher. Teaching Procedures: I. Pre-reading Activities 1. Introductory remarks: It goes without saying that everyone wants to become successful. But usually there is a long way to go before one can gain success. This is especially true of a surgeon. What‟s the key to the making of a surgeon and at what point in time does a doctor finally become a surgeon? In this text, the author, a famous surgeon, tells us the answer from his own experience. Now let‟s have a careful study of the text. 西北师范大学外国语学院 大学英语教学部 2. Warm-up questions 3. Key words and expressions: 1). conclude: a. arrive at a belief or opinion by reasoning: for example: The doctor concluded that the patient's disease was cancer. The judge concluded that the accused was guilty. b. come or bring to an end: for example: The professor concluded his lecture by summing up the main points he had previously mentioned. c. arrange; bring about: for example: The two countries concluded a peace treaty. 2). competent: properly or sufficiently qualified; capable; adequate for the purpose: be competent in one‟s work/as a teacher/to do his job. 3).particular: a. belonging to some person, thing, or occasion. For example: She has a particular preference for Chinese art. b. special. For example: Particular attention was given the orphan girl. c. hard to satisfy. For example: I'm not particular about my clothes; I don't mind what I wear. He is very particular about his food. 4). constant: a. happening all the time. For example: Headache is her constant complaint. b. remaining the same. For example: Temperature is at a constant 26 degrees in this hotel. c. faithful. For example: He alone remains constant to the quick-tempered musician. 5). resolve: 西北师范大学外国语学院 大学英语教学部 a. solve. For example: The dispute was resolved through mediation. To the amazement of all, the little boy resolved the equation in five minutes. b. decide. Fore example: He resolved that nothing would hold him back. The Party resolved to pay more attention to economic development. 6). sound: a. correct; based on good judgment. For example: You can depend on her for a sound judgment\choice.. b. healthy; in good condition. For example: I doubt if he is sound in his mind. 7). handle: a. manage; deal with. For example: A manager must know how to handle his men. b. touch; take up. For example; The stamp collector washes his hand before handling stamps. c. operate; direct; train. For example: After two months‟ training, the worker now handles the machine with ease. d. part of a tool, cup, bucket, door, drawer, etc. by which it may be held in the hand. For example: the handlebar of a bicycle; the handle of a cup; a door handle. 8). anticipate: see beforehand. Examples: Analysts are anticipating a bull market. I anticipate having an enjoyable working relationship with you all. 9). sole: one and only; unshared. For example: Drunken driving was the sole cause of the accident. His sole wish is to live an undisturbed life. 10). avoid: escape; keep or get away from. For example: Nurses spoke in a low voice to avoid wakening the patient. For fear of kidnappers, parents tell their children to avoid speaking to strangers in 西北师范大学外国语学院 大学英语教学部 the street. 11). bother: a. annoy; trouble. For example I am sorry for bothering you with so many questions. b. worry. For example: There‟ll be some way out. Don‟t bother about it. c. worry; trouble. For example: What a lot of bother about nothing! II. While-reading Activities 1.Ss have the silent reading on the text (10 mins) 2.T explains the text in details. Paragraph One and Two: 1). Language Points: a. draw to a close: come to an end. Examples: This semester is drawing to a close. The year soon drew to its close. b. on more than one occasion: more than one time. For example: I have asked him for my books on more than one time. On another occasion, he landed in a deserted car park. c. treat, cure: To treat someone medically is to accept him as a patient, to diagnose his illness and to help relieve it. To cure someone (of an illness), on the other hand, is to bring him back to health, stressing the positive result of medical treatment. We can also say “to cure a disease” meaning “to get rid of disease”. Compare the following examples: Which doctors are treating her for her illness? This medicine should cure you of your cold. 2). Questions: a. Why did he ask the question when he was finishing his residency? 西北师范大学外国语学院 大学英语教学部 b. do you think self-confidence is essential to a surgeon? Paragraph Three: 1). Language Points: a. encounter, meet: Encounter is a synonym for meet. It is a more formal word and strongly implies a casual or unexpected meeting. Compare the following examples: He promised to meet her at the airport. On the train I encountered (or : chanced to meet) an old friend of mine who I had not seen for years. b. having trouble doing sth.: have difficulty doing sth. Examples: Such a pleasant girl as she has no trouble making friends with people. The boy had a lot of trouble getting up early in winter. 2). Questions: a. How do you understand a “critical decision”? b. What can you conclude about the resident from this paragraph? Paragraph four: 1). Language Points: a. live with: accept (sth. unpleasant). Examples: Most of us don‟t like the new regulations, but we have to learn to live with them. You must live with the fact that you are no longer as healthy as you were. b. dwell on : think about; speak or write a lot about. Examples: Let bygones be bygones. Don‟t dwell so much on the past. The speaker dwelt on that point for more than an hour. c. be bound to : be certain to ; be sure to. Examples: You are bound to succeed if you keep on trying. It‟s bound to rain. Look! The clouds are gathering quickly. 2). Questions: a. What does the author mean by “sleeping was no longer a problem”? b. Why did he have a nice feeling? 西北师范大学外国语学院 大学英语教学部 Paragraph Five: 1). Language Points: a. in practice: while performing my professional skills as a surgeon. “Practice” here means “exercising or performing the profession of medicine,” i.e., “regular work of a doctor”. b. butterflies in one‟s stomach: a feeling of fear or anxiety. Examples: When the young man walked into the office to see headmaster, he had butterflies in his stomach. Whenever he gets up in front of his audience, he has butterflies in his stomach, no matter how many times he does it. c. in advance: ahead of time; beforehand. Examples: You have to pay the rent in advance. d. I‟d sweated through my share of stab wounds of the belly, of punctured lungs, or compound fractures.: I‟d been nervous and filled with anxiety while painstakingly treating the serious injuries that come to every young doctor---- such serious injuries as stab wounds in the abdomen, punctured lungs and compound fractures. 2). Questions: a. Why did he mention these three cases? b. When and why didn‟t he “sweat” through the operations any more? Paragraph Six: 1). Language Points: a. “Nor was I afraid of making mistakes.” Inversion should be applied when a negative word is placed at the beginning of a sentence. More examples: Never have I seen such an unreasonable person as him. Seldom does he speak Chinese in English classes. b. When I was out in practice : When I completed my residency period and began to work on my own as a surgeon. c. sit on: neglect; do nothing about. Examples: I sent in my application in good time, but the secretary sat on it for a month. 西北师范大学外国语学院 大学英语教学部 We should not sit on those who need help. d. … chances were that no other surgeon could have, either.: it was most likely that no other surgeon could have avoided the same mistake. chances are/were that: it is/was likely that. For example: Chances are that our team will win. 2). Questions: a. What kind of mistakes could a surgeon make? b. Are mistakes part of human‟s life? Paragraph Seven: 1). Language Points: a. conceited: full of pride in one‟s powers, abilities, etc. Examples: The conceited actor behaved as if he were the greatest man in the world. The conceited rabbit was beaten by the turtle in their race. b. trying moments: moments that cause severe strain; moments that try one‟s nerves. For example: I always ask my father for help in trying moments. 2). Questions: a. Why does the author use “sounds” and “guess” when he speaks of “conceit”? b. What is it that a surgeon needs, conceit or self-confidence? 3.T asks Ss to come out the main idea, structure of the text (10mins) 4. T summarizes the main idea and structure of the text (5 mins) III. Post-reading Activities 1. Let the students do the exercises in the textbook which are related to the new words. 2. Ss hand in the summary of the text. 3. Ss discuss the questions on the topic related to the text. 4. Let Ss do the exercises in the text book which are mainly related to the new words and topic. 西北师范大学外国语学院 大学英语教学部 Unit 7 There’s Only Luck Teaching Time: 4 hours Students’ level: non-English majors of the second semester of the 1st year. Teaching Objectives: 1. Make students have some idea about the disordered public security and indifferent human relationships and attitudes in American society. 1). Ensure students get some knowledge of the threat of street crimes to human life. 2). Understand people‟s reactions to street crime victims and why security is an illusion. 2. About the text, Ss should grasp the text content, text structure, basic vocabularies and required grammar points of the section. Words: annoy, contented, cozy, detail, hopeless, illusion, intelligent, numb, response, security, stiff, vaguely Phrases & Expressions: bring back, clean up, turn out, in force, come to, no way, trail off, prepare for, end up, in detail Grammar: the usage of remember, forget, however, no matter how much 3. About the reading, Ss should acquire the reading skill—drawing conclusion while reading ( P137).. 4. About the writing, Ss should get to master the paragraph developing—topic writing (P142). 5. About the listening, Ss finish the Unit 7 directed by teacher. Teaching Procedures: I. Pre-reading Activities 1. Information related to the text Street crime in the US; Crime prevention; Possession of guns by American individuals 2. Introductory remarks: 西北师范大学外国语学院 大学英语教学部 One night Ruth Reichl, a woman artist and novelist, was attacked by muggers right in front of her house and finally made her escape by sheer good luck. Her intention of writing this essay is not just to give an account of what happened to her, but to let us know how the neighbors and the police reacted to this unfortunate accident. 3.Warm-up questions a) Whom do you think are braver, men or women? b) Do you believe that women can face a crisis with perfect self-control? 4.Key words and expressions: 1). release: a. to set free. For example: Sometimes death releases a patient from suffering. to release a man from prison b. allow (news) to be known. For example: The bad news had been released by the press. c. loosen. For example: At last he released her hand and said goodbye. 2). contented: satisfied; happy. be contented with sth. Difference between contented and content: contented can be used as more than predictive while content can only be used as predictive. For Example: I‟m quite content/contented with your answer. We often say “a contented smile/look”, not “a content smile/look”. 3). specific: a. detailed and exact. For example: It was a tooth, a shark tooth, to be more specific. The teacher gave us specific instructions on how to perform the experiment. b. particular and fixed. For example: There are two specific questions for you to answer. 4). come to: concern; reach (a particular point) in explaining, etc. For example: When it comes to maths I know I‟d better shut up. 西北师范大学外国语学院 大学英语教学部 Joe is not good at sports, but when it comes to arithmetic he is the best in the class. 5).trail off: (voice, etc.) become increasing weaker and fade away eventually. For example: Her voice trailed off to a whisper. 6). end up: reach a final situation (by doing sth.); finish; come to an end. For example: Each time he tried to argue with her husband, she end up crying her eyes out. If you continue stealing, you will end up in prison. II. While-reading Activities 1. Ss have the silent reading on the text (10 mins) 2. T explains the text in details. Paragraph One: Language point: My mind went numb when I … . („went‟ here is used as a link-verb. c.f. Exercise VIII.) Examples: Father went red with anger. The milk has gone sour. Questions: a. What happened to the author? b. Why did she think “This can‟t be happening to me”? Paragraph Two: Language points: remember doing; the split second; instead (used as adverb). Questions: a. What were they forced to do? b. Why was Jeremy being slow? c. Why did the author screamed? Paragraph Three: Language points: a. way of expressing time: “at eight o‟clock on a Tuesday evening in December” 西北师范大学外国语学院 大学英语教学部 b. I ran on until I heard Jeremy‟s screams behind me announcing that our attackers had fled. Present participle used as adverbial. Questions: a. Why does screaming for help sound absurdly melodramatic at this time? b. What does “the houses were cold” imply and what figure of speech is it? c. What do you think helped her successful escape? Paragraph four and five: Language points: a. Analyze the structure of the sentence “In a rush all the rage I should have felt for my attackers was directed against these counted people standing in front of their warm, cozy homes talking about all the guns they were going to buy.” b. Pay attention to the subjunctive mood used in the sentence. Questions: a. What do you think of the neighbors coming out with baseball bats? b. Why did one neighbor say the noodles were getting cold? c. Why was she happy to see them go and the rage she should have felt for the attackers directed against the neighbors? Paragraph six: Language points: be ill-tempered about; much ado about nothing; when it came to; agree on; in horrifying detail. Questions: a. How did the policemen react to the event and why? b. Why couldn‟t the author and her friend give a clear identification of the attackers buy could describe the guns in horrifying detail? Is it normal? Paragraph Seven and Eight: Questions: a. Why did the two policemen have opposite opinions about my throwing away the keys? b. How do you understand the fat cop‟s conclusion that “there is no right or wrong 西北师范大学外国语学院 大学英语教学部 in the situation. There is only luck.”? Paragraph Nine and Ten: Language point: There is no way to do sth. Question: How did the author feel when thinking of the security? 3. T asks Ss to come out the main idea, structure of the text (10mins) 4. T summarizes the main idea and structure of the text (5 mins) III. Post-reading Activities 1. Let the students do the exercises in the textbook which are related to the new words. 2. Ss hand in the summary of the text. 3. Ss discuss the questions on the topic related to the text. 4. Let Ss do the exercises in the text book which are mainly related to the new words and topic. 西北师范大学外国语学院 大学英语教学部 UNIT 8 Honesty: Is It Going Out Of Style? Teaching Time: 4 hours Students’ level: non-English majors of the second semester of the 1st year. Teaching Objectives: 1. Revalue the importance of honesty, and cut off the school cheating. 1) Make the students discuss the reason and solution to the problem “school cheating on the rise” 2) Make the students understand “honesty being an important part of American character” 3) Take full account of “trust” when treating the problem of school cheating. 2. About the text, Ss should grasp the text content, text structure, basic vocabularies and required grammar points of the section. Words: admit, anyway, arrest, behavior, campaign, charge, clue, contagious, corresponding, economy, link, reinforce, reveal, tempt, tend, vast Phrases & Expressions: out of style, be faced with, be hard on, a case in point, in the case of, on the other hand, at one‟s best, go down Grammar: have + object +past participle; it is less likely to do; 3. About the reading, Ss review the skill of drawing conclusion while reading ( P158). 4. About the writing, Ss should get to acquire one skill of the writing skill—topic writing (P165). 5. About the listening, Ss finish the Unit 8 directed by teacher. Teaching Procedures: I. Pre-reading Activities 1.Background information 2. Introductory remarks: The text discusses the question of whether honesty is going out of style as since cheating on and off campus is on the rise. But, do people really think that honesty is no longer important? Let‟s see how the author looks at the problem and what is the proper answer to the question he raises. 3.Warm-up questions 西北师范大学外国语学院 大学英语教学部 a) Have you ever cheated on exams? b) What do you think of cheating on campus? 4. Key words and expressions: 1) go (be) out of style: be no longer or cease to be fashionable Example: ------Is long hair going out of style in your country? 2) admit to: confess to; not deny Example: ------Mr. Smith admitted readily to a great liking for horror films. 3) on the rise: increasing Example: ------The sales volume of the new products has been on the rise since the manager advertised them on TV. 4) corresponding: a) matching Example: ------The peace talk was held between corresponding officials in the two governments. b) the same Example: -------The police found corresponding footprints outside the house where the murder took place. 5) a case in point: a fit example Example: ------Nearly all major cities in the US are crime-ridden. A case in point is Chicago. 6) charge: n. a) accusation Example: 西北师范大学外国语学院 大学英语教学部 ------The opposition brings a charge of corruption against the administration. b) price asked for goods or services Example: ------Services charges are not included in hotel rates. c) amount of electricity contained in a substance Example: a negative / positive charge v. a) accuse Example: ------His former secretary charged him with sexual harassment. b) ask as a price Example: ------The railway company charges half price for students. c) put an amount of electricity into Example: ------Batteries for mobile phones need charging every eight hours. 7) launch: v. set a ship afloat Example: -----The First Lady was invited to launch the new ship. n. setting in motion Example: -----The launch of a new ship is usually celebrated with champagne. 8) reinforce: strengthen Example: ------The football team was reinforced by two foreign goalkeepers. 9) vast: large in quantity; extensive Example: ------ Troops in the Yuan Dynasty captured vast expanses of land in the West. II. While-reading Activities 1.Ss have the silent reading on the text (10 mins) 西北师范大学外国语学院 大学英语教学部 2.T explains the text in details. Comprehension of the text: Paragraph 1—5 Language points: 1) to do more than talk: to do something instead of just talking 2) …launched a campaign to stop one form of cheating: … start a series of activities for stopping one form of cheating … 3) filed out of their exam: left the exam hall or room in a single file, i.e., one by one 4) a mug shot: a photograph of a person‟s face used on the driver‟s license, university ID card, or taken by police for purposes of identification, etc. “Mug” is a slangy word for “face”. 5) …the intent is not to catch everyone but rather to catch enough to spread the word. --- …if a few are caught, the other students will hear about it and be deterred from cheating. Questions: 1) Why will an increase in the use of state exams lead to a corresponding rise in cheating? 2) Why can‟t the professors find out all the cheaters? 3) What is the “word” to “spread”? Paragraph 6—11 Language points: 1) “fun” stories: The intent of fun stories is usually to entertain rather than to educate. 2) Come to a bad end: come to some misfortune, esp. to an unpleasant death 3) …people need to know one another to be at their honest best. ---… people need to know one another well if they are to treat one another as honestly as possible. Questions: 1) What does the author imply by saying “the good old days when…” 2) How do you understand the author‟s implication from the words “used to” and “think of as myth”? 西北师范大学外国语学院 大学英语教学部 3) Why does the author use these two stories? 4) What is the American character? What is the Chinese character? 5) Do you believe that people who lie, cheat, or steal always come to bad ends? 6) Why is it less likely for a check-out person at a large supermarket to return money to a customer? Paragraph 12—15 Language points: 1) …could it be that we are getting better at revealing such dishonesty? ---… is it because we are becoming more skillful in revealing such dishonesty? 2) …to ebb and flow: This is an image “to rise and fall, to increase and decrease.” It is taken from the tides of the sea. An ebb tide is going down. When the tide floes, it is rising. 3) But it doesn‟t seem linked to the economy. --- There seems to be no connection between cheating and the economy. 4) “beat the system”: defeat or get the upper hand of the system Questions: 1) In what ways are acts of dishonesty in school, business and government usually revealed? 2) Why do incidents of dishonesty go up when times are hard and go down when times get better? 3) What kind of students might cheat on exams? 4) How can efforts to prevent cheating actually encourage cheating? 5) What message is conveyed in “distrust and trust can be contagious”? 3.T asks Ss to come out the main idea, structure of the text (10mins) 4.T summarizes the main idea and structure of the text (5 mins) III. Post-reading Activities 1.1 Let the students do the exercises in the textbook which are related to the new words. 西北师范大学外国语学院 大学英语教学部 1.2 Ss hand in the summary of the text. 1.3 Ss discuss the questions on the topic related to the text. 1.4 Let Ss do the exercises in the text book which are mainly related to the new words and topic. 西北师范大学外国语学院 大学英语教学部 UNIT 9 What Is Intelligence, Anyway? Teaching Time: 4 hours Students’ level: non-English majors of the second semester of the 1st year. Teaching Objectives: 1. Intelligence means more than getting high score in the IQ test, enhancing intelligence should be interpreted as an integrative development. 1) How to interpret “the well-educated can‟t be very smart”. 2) How to interpret “intelligence is not absolute”. 3) Tell the difference between “intelligent” and “smart”. 4) Know about the inequality between “high scores” and “highly intelligent”. 2. About the text, Ss should grasp the text content, text structure, basic vocabularies and required grammar points of the section. Words: academic, aptitude, determine, devise, dumb, estimate, evaluation, explore, figure, grant, hasten, highly, joke, normal, register, similar, simply, uneasy, worthy Phrases & Expressions: make a fuss over/of, worthy of, make up, by one‟s estimate, take sth. for granted, go wrong, pick out, try…on, for sure Grammar: word order, combining sentences 3. About the reading, Ss should acquire the reading skill—understanding the figurative language ( P183). 4. About the writing, Ss should get to grasp the skill of transition (P187). 5. About the listening, Ss finish the Unit 9 directed by teacher. Teaching Procedures: I. Pre-reading Activities 1.Background information author, intelligence test, I. Q. aptitude test 西北师范大学外国语学院 大学英语教学部 2. Introductory remarks: It is hard to answer the question raised by Asimov. There can be quite a few different answers to it. As we know, somebody who scores high on paper tests might work poorly with his hands. Someone who may not be a top student at school succeeds in a career after school. He is not intelligent but smart. The author of this article is highly educated. But is he really intelligent? Let‟s see what his interpretation is. 3. Warm-up questions 4. Key words and expressions: 1) aptitude: natural ability or skill Example: ------She has an aptitude for dealing with people. ## Make the students notice the spelling form of following three words: aptitude; altitude; attitude 2) figure: a) number, symbol for a number, esp. 0 to 9 Example:-----She got a starting salary of six figures. b) shape or outline of sb. or sth. Example: ------I saw a figure 20 feet away from me in the dim street light. c) important person Example:------The young students argued over who was the most influential figure in the 20 th century. d) human form Example: -----The fashion model exercises daily to keep her figure. e) diagram; drawing to illustrate sth. Example:------The figures in the book will help you understand the theories better. 3) register: a) v. write in a list or record Example:-----The old church books registered all the births, marriages and deaths in this small town. b) n. record or list Example:------You might find some Chinese names on the US immigration register of the 19 th century. 4) highly: in or to a high degree 西北师范大学外国语学院 大学英语教学部 Example:-----It is highly probable that he changed his name to avoid being tracked down by the police. 5) worthy of: deserving Examples: a worthy enemy a worthy cause ------He is a poet worthy of the name. ------The place is worthy of a visit. 6) explore: a) search or examine thoroughly Example:------To write his graduation paper the sociology student explored all the major libraries in the city. b) travel into or through a region for the purpose of learning about it Example:------A robot was recently sent to explore the surface of Mars. 7) suppose: I suggest; if Example:------Suppose we put off the meeting till next week. 8) foist on: impose upon by coercion or trickery Example:-----Stores should not foist defective goods on customers. 9) whereupon: upon that; immediately following that Example:------The unsuspecting teacher pulled out the drawer; whereupon, a dozen frogs leaped out. 10) for sure: without doubt; surely or certainly Example:------I did not know for sure which bus to take. II. While-reading Activities 1.Ss have the silent reading on the text (10 mins) 2.T explains the text in details. Paragraph 1—2 Language points: 1) against a normal of 100, scored 160: in an I.Q. test scored 160 in contrast to an average I.Q. of 100 2) make a fuss over: show unnecessary nervous excitement about unimportant things 3) KP: Kitchen Police. This term usually refers to soldiers who are assigned to assist the cooks in an army kitchen. KP and cleaning toilets are the least desirable jobs. Questions: 西北师范大学外国语学院 大学英语教学部 1) Why did the author mention his rank and duty? 2) Do you think a person who scores high in intelligence tests is highly intelligent? Give your reasons. 3) What kind of people makes up the intelligence tests? Paragraph 3—4 Language points: 1) by my estimate: according to my judgment 2) divine oracles: profoundly wise opinions or judgments as if given by God 3) a small subsection of that society: a very tiny section or part of the larger society Questions: 1) What were the reasons for the author to believe that he was much more intelligent than his auto-repair man? 2) Why did the author listen to the auto-repair man‟s words as though they were something divine? 3) What‟s the difference between the tests designed by an auto-repair man and an academician? 4) Why does the author think that his high scores simply mean that he was good at answering certain kind of questions? 5) What does the author mean by “one‟s worth of intelligence is determined by the society he/she lives in”? Paragraph 5—7 Language points: 1) pick out: select; choose 2) Did you catch many? ---Did you trap many people with your trick? 3) goddamned/goddamn: This expression is used as a strong expletive and considered inappropriate in polite society or on formal occasions. Questions: 1) Do you agree with the auto-repair man that the highly educated can‟t be very smart? What is true in his statement? 2) Why did the author feel uneasy? 3.asks Ss to come out the main idea, structure of the text (10mins) 4.T summarizes the main idea and structure of the text (5 mins) 西北师范大学外国语学院 大学英语教学部 III. Post-reading Activities 1.Let the students do the exercises in the textbook which are related to the new words. 2.Ss hand in the summary of the text. 3.Ss discuss the questions on the topic related to the text. 4.Let Ss do the exercises in the text book which are mainly related to the new words and topic. 西北师范大学外国语学院 大学英语教学部 UNIT 10 Profits Of Praise Teaching Time: 4 hours Students’ level: non-English majors of the second semester of the 1st year. Teaching Objectives: 1.Shed new light on the positive effect of praise that not only brings joy into other people‟s lives, but also, very often, added happiness into our own. 1) remember that “ praise produces far better results than criticism”. 2) get rid of the habit that “ready to criticize but reluctant to praise”. 3) develop the habit that “be alert to the small excellencies around us”. 2. About the text, Ss should grasp the text content, text structure, basic vocabularies and required grammar points of the section. Words: alert, apply, appreciate, comment, constructive, convey, critical, criticize, discourage, dozen, drown, earn, load, reluctant, routine, scold, somehow, profit, quit Phrases & Expressions: make out, only too, no much of a, fish out, shrug off, pass on, live on Grammar: instead of, it is that… 3. About the reading, Ss review the skills of reading ( P205). 4. About the writing, Ss review the skills of paragraph developing (P209). 5. About the listening, Ss finish the Unit 10 directed by teacher. Teaching Procedures: I. Pre-reading Activities 1.Background information tip, behavior and behavioral science 2. Introductory remarks: Which do we benefit more from, praise or criticism? What profits dies praise bring? What kind of people need praise most and why? The author of this article used her own experience to answer these questions. 3.Warm-up questions 4. Key words and expressions: 1) profit: 西北师范大学外国语学院 大学英语教学部 a) n. advantage or good obtained from sth.; money gained in business Example: ------Unlike nonprofit organizations, we do everything for a profit. b) vt. be of advantage to Example: ------The new bus route profits those who do not have cars. c) vi. be benefited or helped Example: ------I profited a lot from the trip abroad. 2) load: a) v. put a full amount of things on or in sth. Example: ------The father loaded the family into their old tuck and drove west. b) n. that which is to be carried or supported Example: ------Your arrival took a load off my mind. 3) only too: very Example: ------If you invite him, he will be only too glad to attend. 4) not much of a : not a very good Example: ------ He is not much of an artist. 5) flatter: give an often exaggerated feeling of pleasure to; praise insincerely Example: ------He was flattered into believing that he was really exceptional. 6) appreciate: understand and enjoy; be thankful for Example: ------It was such a wonderful play I really appreciated it. 7) routine: a) a. not unusual or exciting; regular 西北师范大学外国语学院 大学英语教学部 Example: ------Relax. This is just a routine medical check. b) n. fixed and regular way of doing things Example: ------His daily routine begins with checking E-mail messages. 8) constructive: helping Example: ------The Advisory Group offered some constructive advice. 9) favorably: with approval Example: ------The young artist was looked on favorably as a rising star. 10) criticize: a) find fault with Example: ------Why are you always criticizing me? b) form and give a judgment of; to assess the merits and demerits of Example: ------The Sunday newspaper devotes a page to criticizing new books, films, and plays. 11) ignore: not to take notice of; pay no attention to Example: ------The waitress learned to ignore rude remarks from guests. II. While-reading Activities 1.Ss have the silent reading on the text (10 mins) 2.T explains the text in details. Paragraph 1---6 Language points: 1) as, like: as has more emphasis on a specified capacity whereas like is basically synonymous with “in the manner of”. 西北师范大学外国语学院 大学英语教学部 2) shrug off: dismiss sth. As not deserving one‟s attention or as unimportant 3) pass on: convey to another 4) When one thinks of the speed with which spiteful remarks are conveyed, it seems a pity that there isn‟t more effort to relay pleasing and flattering comments. ---When one considers how quickly offensive remarks are passed from one to another, it seems a pity that we do not make effort to pass on compliments that will bring pleasure and satisfaction to others. Questions: 1) How much do you know about a waitress‟s job in a restaurant? 2) How was the restaurant‟s business? 3) What does a busy restaurant mean to a waitress? 4) Why is praise compared to sunlight? How do you feel in the sunshine? 5) Why is criticism compared to cold wind? How do you feel in the cold wind? 6) Why do you think people are ready to criticize others but reluctant to praise? 7) Do you agree that a word of praise can bring pleasure? What words of praise do people usually use? 8) If you wanted to learn only one word of any language in the world, which one would you like to learn? 9) What do you think of her word to those people? 10)What is the graceful way to accept praise? 11)Are you embarrassed or glad to hear compliments? 12)How do we Chinese usually deal with praise? Paragraph 7---9 Language points: 1) It‟s especially rewarding to give praise in areas in which effort generally goes unnoticed or unmentioned. ---It‟s particularly beneficial to praise those who do unexciting routine jobs and whose efforts is usually ignored or overlooked. 2) When the shirts are done just right: when the shirts are washed or cleaned exactly as expected. 3) Paper boy: a boy who delivers newspapers 西北师范大学外国语学院 大学英语教学部 4) An ounce of praise is worth a pound of scolding: praise in whatever small amount is far more valuable than scolding in whatever large amount. 5) We‟re not always as perceptive as we might be about applying the rule: now and then we are liable to overlook the importance of putting the rule. 6) something above his usual standard: something better than what he usually wrote. 7) …drowning students‟ compositions in critical red ink… ---The teacher points out many mistakes or gives many critical comments on the students‟ composition papers. Questions: 1) What are the areas in which effort generally goes unmentioned and why are they singled out? 2) How do you understand Shakespeare‟s words? 3) Do you prefer a teacher who comments favorably on your progress to one who makes many critical remarks? Or vise versa? Why? Paragraph 11---13 Language points: 1) react: respond Questions: 1) Why do we tend to repeat an act which has been immediately followed by a pleasant result? 2) What can we learn from this experiment? 3) Do you agree that praise is a small investment that produces great results? 4) Can you name some of the small excellences around us and comment on them? 5) Why does praise very often add happiness to our own lives? 3.T asks Ss to come out the main idea, structure of the text (10mins) 4.T summarizes the main idea and structure of the text (5 mins) III. Post-reading Activities 1.Let the students do the exercises in the textbook which are related to the new words. 2.Ss hand in the summary of the text. 西北师范大学外国语学院 大学英语教学部 3.Ss discuss the questions on the topic related to the text. 4.Let Ss do the exercises in the text book which are mainly related to the new words and topic.