GPS硬件系统英文文献

GPS硬件系统英文文献 Summarizing The Global Positioning System Abstract: Global Positioning System is based on the background of the United States Department of Defense.It is designed,invested,developed,and operated by the United States Department of Defense ,GPS is a satellite-based positioning and time transfering GPS positioning function has a wide range of applications in the modern measurement and a more modern building.GPS-RTK technology is also widely used in modernization building, and now GPS has also been shown to be an important civilian communities of interest, and increasingly wide range of applicated. Keyword:GPS,Locating，RTK，Lay out，Survey The GPS receiver may receive and use in the time service accurately to the nanosecond level time information; will use in to forecast the future for several months the satellite to locate the summary position forecast star experience; Uses in calculates when the localization to need the satelli te coordinates the broadcast star experience, the precision is (each satellite is different several meter to several dozens meters~changes as necessary); As well as GPS system information, like satellite condition and so on. The GPS receiver may obtain the satellite sign to the code to the receiver distance, because includes the receiver satellite clock the error and the atmosphere propagated error, therefore is called the false distance. The false distance obtains which to the OA code is called the UA code false distance, the precision approximately is about 20 meters, obtains the false distance to P yard to be called P yard false distance, the precision approximately is about 2 meters. The GPS receiver to the satellite signal which receives, carries on the decoding or uses other technologies, will modulate after the carrier the information removes, will be allowed to restore the carrier. Strict says, the carrier phase should be called the carrier beat frequency phase, it is receives produces the Doppler shift influence satellite signal carrier phase and receiver this machine vibration difference of the signal phase. Generally experience Yuan time which determined in the receiver clock surveyed, maintains to the satellite signal track under, may record the phase change value, but starts time the observation receiver and the satellite oscillator phase change value is does not know, namely misty degree of whole week, only can calculate in the data processing as the parameter solution. Phase observation value precision high to millimeter, but the premise is solves misty degree of whole week, therefore only has when the relative localization, and has a section continuously observes the value can use the phase observation value, but must achieve meters down to themillimeter level also only to be able to use the phase observation value. When localization observation, if the receiver is opposite to the earths surface movement, then is called the dynamic localization, like uses in summary navigation localization the and so on Chef Chuan precision is 30-100 meter false distance simple point localization, either uses in the city vehicles navigation localization rice level precision false distance difference localization(RTK), the real-time difference localization needs the data chain real-time transmits two or many stations observation data calculates together. When localization observation, if the receiver is opposite to the earths surface static, then is called the static localization, when carries on controls the net observes, generally selects this method by several receivers also to observe, it can maximum limit display GPS the pointing accuracy,special-purpose Yu Zheizhong the goal receiver is called the earth receiver,is in the receiver a performance best kind. At present, GPS already could achieve the earths crust performance observation the precision request, IGS year to year the measuring platform already can constitute millimeter level the global coordinates frame. 1 全球定位系统概述 摘要:全球定位系统是以美国国防为背景，由美国国防部设计、投资、开发、和运行的。GPS是以卫星定位和时间传输为基础，GPS定位功能在现代测量和现代建设中有较为广泛的应用，GPS-RTK技术也在现代化建设中有着广泛的应用，现在GPS 也已经显示出对平民社区的一种重要的利益，且其应用范围越来越广泛。 关键词:GPS、定位、RTK、放样、测量 GPS 接收机可接收到可用于授时的准确至纳秒级的时间信息，用于预报未来几个月内卫星所处概略位置的预报星历:用于计算定位时所需卫星坐标的广播星历，精度为几米至几十米(各个卫星不同，随时变化);以及GPS系统信息，如卫星状况等。 GPS接收机对码的量测就可得到卫星到接收机的距离，由于含有接收机卫星钟的误差及大气传播误差，故称为伪距。对OA码测得的伪距称为UA码伪距，精度约为20米左右，对P码测得的伪距称为P码伪距，精度约为2 米左右。 GPS接收机对收到的卫星信号，进行解码或采用其它技术，将调制在载波上的信息去掉后，就可以恢复载波。严格再言，载波相位应被称为载波拍频相位，它是收到的受多普勒频移影响的卫星信号载波相位与接收基本机振荡产生信号相位之差。一般在接收机钟确定的历元时刻量测，保持对卫星信号的跟踪，就可记录下相位的变化值，但开始观测时的接收机和卫星振荡器的相位初值是不知道的，起始历元的相位整数也是不知道的，即整周模糊度，只能在数据处理中作为参数解算。相位观测值得精度高至毫米，但前提是解出整周模糊度，因此只有在相对定位、并有一段连续观测值时才能使用相位观测值，而要达到优于米级的定位精度也只能采用相位观测值。 在定位观测时，若接收机相对于地球 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 面运动，则称为动态定位，如用于车船等粗略导航定位的精度为30-100 米的伪距单点定位，或用于城市车辆导航定位的米级精度的伪距差分定位，或用于测量放样等的厘米级的相位差分定位(RTK)，实时差分定位需要数据连降两个或多个站的观测数据实时传输到一起计算。 在定位观测时，若接收机相对于地球表面静止，则称为静态定位，在进行控制网观测时，一般均采用这种方式由几台接收机同时观测，它能最大限度地发挥GPS的定位精度，专用于这种目的的接收机被称为大地型接收机，是接收机中性能最好的一类。目前，GPS己经能够达到地壳形变观测的精度要求， IGS常年观测台站己经能构成毫米级的全球坐标框架。 2