情态动词形容词副词

情态动词形容词副词 情态动词:后接动词原形，无人称和数的变化 1 can/could 1)表示能力，与 be able to同义，但be able to可用于各种时态 2).表示允许、请求 在could I /you „..?句型中，若表示同意时，用can回答而不用could Could I borrow the book ? No, you _______. 3)表示推测 “可能”常用于否定句或疑问句中。(can’t表示一定不是) 2 must 1)表示命令、义务。意为“必须”(主观意志);其一般疑问句否定回答常用needn’t --Must we hand in our exercise—books now? --No, you_______. /Yes, you___________. 2)表示揣测。意为“想必、准是、一定”等，只用于肯定句 3)mustn’t 表禁止、不允许。 must “必须，应该”表示说话人的主观看法，即说话人认为必须干某事。(内在原因) have to “必须，不得不”强调客观需要，即外界因素迫使某人不得不干某事。(外界原因) I can’t stop playing the computer games . For your health ,I’m afraid you ______. A.can B.may C.must D.had to 3 may 1)表允许，请求= can 表示许可或征求对方的许可，常于第一人称连用。 注:May I „.? Yes ,you may No, you can’t / mustn’t . 2)表推测，可能、也许。常用于肯定句中。 Maybe he knows the news .= He _____ _____ the news. 3) 表祝愿 ________ you have a happy life. 4 will /shall Will常用一二三人称 Shall只用于第一人称，shall I/we...? 表征求意见 Would you like to do ? Would/could you...? 表示请求，比较委婉 5 need 情态动词:needn’t do sth 实意动词: don’t/doesn’t/didn’t need to do sth. Need sth... 6 should 表示命令或者义务，“应该” 形容词和副词 一、形容词 1 作定语:常放在所修饰名词前，不定代词后。 2 作表语:常放在系动词后。(look,feel,smell,sound/get, be,turn„.) 注:貌似副词的形容词:lonely;friendly;lively;lovely 3 形容词常用句型 1).“It’s +adj.+of+sb.+不定式”表示“某人(做某事)怎么样”。=Sb +be +adj+to do sth 注意:这一句型中常用描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词，如good，kind，nice，polite ，clever ，foolish ，lazy ，careful，careless，right(正确的)，wrong 等。 It’s very kind of you to help me.(=You are very kind to help me.) 2).“It’s+adj.+for+sb.+不定式”表示“做某事对某人来说怎么样”。=To do sth is adj for sb . 注意:这一句型中常用的形容词有important，necessary，difficult，easy，hard，dangerous， safe，useful，pleasant，interesting，impossible 等 3)find/feel/make it adj to do sth 4 注意名词变形容词:常见后缀:y ly al ful ern able ing ous 二、副词 1 分类 方式副词:well，fast，slowly，carefully，quickly 程度副词:very，much，enough，almost，rather，quite 地点副词:here，there，out，somewhere，abroad，home 时间副词:today，early，soon，now，then，recently，still 频度副词:always，often，usually，sometimes，seldom，never 否定副词:no，not，neither，nor 疑问副词:where，how，why 其他:also，too，only 2 用法:修饰形容词、动词、副词 3 形容词变副词:直接加-ly;以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词要变y为i,然后再加-ly; 一不发音e结尾的，去e在加y或者ly Real- happy- terrible- easy- useful- true- 三、形容词副词比较级和最高级 一、规则变化 1.一般在词尾直接加er 或est， tall-taller-tallest，long-longer-longest 2.以不发音的字母e 结尾的单词在词尾直接加r 或st， nice-nicer-nicest 3.以辅音字母+y 结尾的词，把y 变为i，再加er 或est， heavy-heavier-heaviest 4.重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母，再加er 或est， big-bigger-biggest (big/red/wet/hot/sad/thin/fat ) 5. 部分双音节词和多音节词分别在原级前加more 构成比较级和most 构成最高级， beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful 注:表示否定意义在其前加less /least 如 important----less important----least important 6 特殊:两好、两坏、两多、一少、一老、一远(不规则变化) 二 用法 1 原级比较:as +adj / adv 的原级+ as 表示“A 和B 一样” A +not+as/so+形容词原级+as+B 表示“A 不如B„” 2 比较级的用法 1).可以修饰比较级的词.much，a lot，far，a little，a bit， even 甚至 Lesson One is much easier than Lesson Two. Tom looks even younger than before. 2).比较级常用的句型结构 “A+形容词/副词的比较级+than+B”表示“甲比乙„” Tom is taller than Kate. I got up earlier than my mother this morning. 3 最高级用法: 1).结构: the +最高级+ of +人或物( in +地点) He is the tallest of all the boys 2).the +序数词+形容词的最高级+单数名词 The Yellow River is the second longest river in China . 3).one of +the +形容词的最高级+复数名词 He is one of the cleverest students in our class. 4). “特殊疑问词+be+the+最高级+甲，乙，or 丙,”用于三者以上的比较。 Which season do you like (the) best，spring，summer or autumn 4 固定句式 ). “比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越„„”。 1 He is getting taller and taller. 2). “the+比较级，the+比较级”表示“越„„，越„„”。 The more careful you are，the fewer mistakes you’ll make. 3).“甲+be+the+形容词比较级+of the two+„„”表示“甲是两者中较„„的”。 (of the twins/parents„) Look at the two boys. My brother is the taller of the two. 4).当adj 的最高级前有物主代词,名词所有格,指示代词时,不用the . This is my best book of all. 5).相比较的前后两部分必须是同类比较. My pencil is longer than ______(you). 6).有些含有比较级的句子里，常用that(单数、不可数名词)、those (复数名词)代替前面提到的词，以避免重复。 The weather in Beijing is colder than ____ in Guangzhou in winter . The boys in our class are more than _____ in your class . 1(—Whose T—shirt is this? Is it John's? —It ______ be his. It's too small for him. A. can't B. may C. must D. needn't 2(You don’t feel well. I think you _____ lie down and have a rest. A should B. will C. would 3(---It seems that Mr. Wu is standing there. ---It ________ be him because he called me from Canada just now. A. mustn’t B. can’t C. needn’t D. shouldn’t 4(Please speak .I follow you. A. slowly ; can B. quickly; can’t C. slow; can’t D. slowly; can’t 5(-Mr Wu, must we bring some water to the park? ---No, you_____. Drinking water is offered there. A. shouldn’tB. mustn’t C. needn’t D. can’t 6(— Listen! Is that Millie playing the piano in the room? — No, It_____ be Millie, she has gone to London. A. may not B. needn’t C. mustn’t D. can’t 7(---I can’t stop smoking, doctor. ----For your health, I’m afraid you ________. A. may B. need C. have to D. must —Must I go to medical school and be a doctor like you,Mom? —No, you__________, son. You’re free to make your own decision. A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. shouldn’t 9(It ____be Tom. He has gone to America. A. can’t B. mustn’t C. may D. can 10(—The film will be on at half past eight. —Oh, I _____ go now, or I will be late for it. A. must B. may C. can D. maybe 11( --- Can I walk across the road now, Mrs. Chen? --No, you ______. You have to wait until the light turns green. A. couldn’t B. shouldn’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t 12(— Listen! Is that Millie playing the piano in the room? — No, It_____ be Millie, she has gone to London. A. may not B. needn’t C. mustn’t D. can’t 13(—Whose soccer is it? — It be John's or Tong's. They both play soccer, don't they? A. must B. mustn't C. might 14( — Could I use your mobile phone, Tim? — Of course you can, but you ________ use it in the reading room. A. must B. mustn’t C. can D. couldn’t 15( —Dad, must I practice the piano today? —No, you _. You may do it tomorrow. A. needn’t B. mustn’t C. shouldn’t D. can’t